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RRB Group D 2025-26 3 August 2026 Shift 1 GK Questions – with answers & solutions

All 43 GK / GS questions asked in RRB Group D 2025-26 on 3 August 2026 Shift 1, with correct answers and short solutions, subject-wise: Economics, Current Affairs, Chemistry, Physics, Biology, Geography.

📚 43 questions🗓️ 3 August 2026⏰ Shift 1
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Subjects: Economics (1) · Current Affairs (16) · Chemistry (9) · Physics (10) · Biology (6) · Geography (1)

Economics (1)

Poverty, Unemployment and Human Development · Poverty - measurement and committees

Q1. According to the Economic Survey 2025–26, India’s extreme poverty rate for 2022–23, based on the revised international poverty line, was estimated at what level?

  1. (a) 14.9%
  2. (b) 8.7%
  3. (c) 11.2%
  4. (d) 5.3%
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) 5.3%

Answer: Option 4 — 5.3%
Per the Economic Survey 2025–26, India's extreme poverty rate for 2022–23 (revised international poverty line) was estimated at about5.3%→ Option 4.
*(2026 current-affairs item — verify against the official answer key.)*

Current Affairs (16)

Sports - Current · Venues and hosts

Q2. To commemorate the 70ᵗʰ anniversary of the Ballon d'Or award, the 2026 Ballon d'Or ceremony is scheduled to be held in which of the following cities?

  1. (a) Madrid, Spain
  2. (b) Rome, Italy
  3. (c) London, England
  4. (d) Paris, France
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) London, England

Answer: Option 3 — London, England
The 2026 Ballon d'Or ceremony (70th anniversary edition) is scheduled inLondon, England→ Option 3.
*(2026 current-affairs item — verify against the official answer key.)*
Economy, Banking and Business · RBI and banking updates

Q3. Which edition of The Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) of the Reserve Bank of India was held from April 6th to 8th, 2026?

  1. (a) 60th
  2. (b) 70th
  3. (c) 40th
  4. (d) 50th
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) 60th

Answer: Option 1 — 60th
The MPC meeting held 6–8 April 2026 was the60thmeeting of the RBI's Monetary Policy Committee → Option 1.
*(2026 current-affairs item — verify against the official answer key.)*
Defence and Security - Current · Security operations

Q4. In 2026, the Central Bureau of Investigation busted a transnational network involved in trafficking Indian nationals into “Cyber Slavery” operations mainly based in which region?

  1. (a) West Asia
  2. (b) Eastern Europe
  3. (c) Southeast Asia
  4. (d) Central Asia
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Southeast Asia

Answer: Option 3 — Southeast Asia
The CBI's 2026 "cyber slavery" trafficking bust involved a network mainly operating out ofSoutheast Asia(e.g., Myanmar/Cambodia/Laos region) → Option 3.
*(2026 current-affairs item — verify against the official answer key.)*
State News · State schemes and events

Q5. In May 2026, strong winds and heavy rainfall affected 26 districts of which of the following states?

  1. (a) Madhya Pradesh
  2. (b) Uttar Pradesh
  3. (c) Bihar
  4. (d) Rajasthan
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Uttar Pradesh

Answer: Option 2 — Uttar Pradesh
In May 2026, strong winds and heavy rainfall affected 26 districts ofUttar Pradesh→ Option 2.
*(2026 current-affairs item — verify against the official answer key.)*
Economy, Banking and Business · RBI and banking updates

Q6. As of April 2026, the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) of the RBI voted to keep the policy repo rate unchanged at what percentage?

  1. (a) 5.00%
  2. (b) 5.50%
  3. (c) 5.25%
  4. (d) 4.75%
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) 5.25%

Answer: Option 3 — 5.25%
As of April 2026, the RBI's MPC kept the policyrepo rate unchanged at 5.25%→ Option 3.
*(2026 current-affairs item — verify against the official answer key.)*
Awards and Honours - Current · Sports and film awards - current

Q7. Which Indian film achieved a major milestone by being shortlisted for the 98th Academy Awards in the Best International Feature Film category?

  1. (a) Chhello Show
  2. (b) All We Imagine as Light
  3. (c) Laapataa Ladies
  4. (d) Homebound
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Homebound

Answer: Option 4 — Homebound
The Indian filmHomeboundwas shortlisted for the 98th Academy Awards, Best International Feature Film category → Option 4.
*(2026 current-affairs item — verify against the official answer key.)*
International Affairs and Summits · Bilateral agreements and visits

Q8. In February 2026, which city was the meeting place for Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi and the President of France?

  1. (a) New York
  2. (b) Rome
  3. (c) Paris
  4. (d) Mumbai
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Mumbai

Answer: Option 4 — Mumbai
In February 2026, PM Modi and the President of France met inMumbai→ Option 4.
*(2026 current-affairs item — verify against the official answer key.)*
Reports, Indices and Rankings · Reports and their publishers

Q9. Which of the following agencies published the report on Ease of Doing Research and Development in India in April 2026?

  1. (a) Reserve Bank of India
  2. (b) National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development
  3. (c) NITI Aayog
  4. (d) University Grants Commission
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) NITI Aayog

Answer: Option 3 — NITI Aayog
NITI Aayogpublished the "Ease of Doing Research and Development in India" report in April 2026 → Option 3.
*(2026 current-affairs item — verify against the official answer key.)*
State News · State elections and results

Q10. Which political party emerged as the single largest party by winning the general elections to the assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu in 2026?

  1. (a) Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam
  2. (b) All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
  3. (c) Pattali Makkal Katchi
  4. (d) Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam

Answer: Option 1 — Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam
In the 2026 Tamil Nadu assembly elections,Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam (TVK)emerged as the single largest party per the key → Option 1.
*(2026 current-affairs item — verify against the official answer key.)*
Awards and Honours - Current · Sports and film awards - current

Q11. In April 2026, who among the following won the Laureus World Sportsman of the Year 2026 award?

  1. (a) Carlos Alcaraz
  2. (b) Lionel Messi
  3. (c) Rafael Nadal
  4. (d) Max Verstappen
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Carlos Alcaraz

Answer: Option 1 — Carlos Alcaraz
Carlos Alcarazwon the Laureus World Sportsman of the Year 2026 award → Option 1.
*(2026 current-affairs item — verify against the official answer key.)*
International Affairs and Summits · Bilateral agreements and visits

Q12. Which country signed a free trade agreement with the European Union in January 2026?

  1. (a) Singapore
  2. (b) Kenya
  3. (c) Australia
  4. (d) India
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) India

Answer: Option 4 — India
Indiasigned a free trade agreement with the European Union in January 2026 → Option 4.
*(2026 current-affairs item — verify against the official answer key.)*
Defence and Security - Current · Defence acquisitions and indigenous systems

Q13. What is the name of the indigenous glide weapon system whose maiden flight was successfully tested by DRDO and IAF in May 2026?

  1. (a) SURYA
  2. (b) ANGIRA
  3. (c) VIRA
  4. (d) TARA
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) TARA

Answer: Option 4 — TARA
The indigenous glide weapon whose maiden flight DRDO & IAF tested in May 2026 is namedTARA→ Option 4.
*(2026 current-affairs item — verify against the official answer key.)*
State News · State schemes and events

Q14. Which of the following states organized the 'Aaroh 2026' summer sports initiative camp?

  1. (a) Haryana
  2. (b) Madhya Pradesh
  3. (c) Odisha
  4. (d) Rajasthan
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Madhya Pradesh

Answer: Option 2 — Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradeshorganised the 'Aaroh 2026' summer sports initiative camp → Option 2.
*(2026 current-affairs item — verify against the official answer key.)*
International Affairs and Summits · Global events and elections

Q15. Which of the following straits did Iran close in March 2026 due to the war with the USA?

  1. (a) Strait of Malacca
  2. (b) Strait of Hormuz
  3. (c) Strait of Gibraltar
  4. (d) Bab-el-Mandeb
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Strait of Hormuz

Answer: Option 2 — Strait of Hormuz
TheStrait of Hormuz— the key oil chokepoint bordering Iran — was the strait Iran moved to close in March 2026 → Option 2. (Malacca, Gibraltar and Bab-el-Mandeb are not bordered by Iran.)
Sports - Current · Tournaments and winners

Q16. Who won the men’s long jump at the Indian Athletics Series 2026 with an 8.15-m leap?

  1. (a) Purushotham
  2. (b) Lokesh Sathyanathan
  3. (c) Murali Sreeshankar
  4. (d) Sunny Kumar
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Murali Sreeshankar

Answer: Option 3 — Murali Sreeshankar
Murali Sreeshankarwon the men's long jump (8.15 m) at the Indian Athletics Series 2026 → Option 3.
*(2026 current-affairs item — verify against the official answer key.)*
Awards and Honours - Current · National awards - current

Q17. Dr. N Rajam, who was conferred with the Padma Vibhushan in May 2026, is a renowned ____________.

  1. (a) Sitar maestro
  2. (b) Tabla maestro
  3. (c) Violin maestro
  4. (d) Guitar maestro
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Violin maestro

Answer: Option 3 — Violin maestro
Dr. N. Rajamis a legendary Indianviolin maestro(Hindustani classical), conferred the Padma Vibhushan → Option 3.

Chemistry (9)

Environmental Chemistry · Air quality management (AQI, NAAQS, NCAP, GRAP)

Q18. Which organization revoked all actions under Stage-I of GRAP (Graded Response Action Plan) in the National Capital Region (NCR) in March 2026?

  1. (a) Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
  2. (b) Commission for Air Quality Management
  3. (c) Delhi Pollution Control Committee
  4. (d) Central Pollution Control Board
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Commission for Air Quality Management

Answer: Option 2 — Commission for Air Quality Management
TheCommission for Air Quality Management (CAQM)in the NCR revoked GRAP Stage-I actions in March 2026 → Option 2. (CAQM is the statutory body that invokes/revokes GRAP in NCR.)
Chemical Reactions and Equations · Decomposition reactions (thermal, electrolytic, photolytic)

Q19. Consider the following reactions:(I) CaCO₃(s) —Heat→ CaO(s) + CO₂(g)(II) 2AgCl(s) —Sunlight→ 2Ag(s) + Cl₂(g)(III) 2H₂O(l) —Electric current→ 2H₂(g) + O₂(g)(IV) Fe(s) + CuSO₄(aq) → FeSO₄(aq) + Cu(s)Which of the above reactions correctly represent decomposition reactions?

  1. (a) Only I and II reactions
  2. (b) Only III and IV reactions
  3. (c) Only II and III reactions
  4. (d) Only I, II and III reactions
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Only I, II and III reactions

Answer: Option 4 — Only I, II and III reactions
Concept:A *decomposition* reaction is one where a single compound breaks into two or more simpler substances (AB → A + B), usually using heat (thermal), light (photo) or electricity (electrolytic).
Check each:
• (I) CaCO₃ → CaO + CO₂ (heat) — decomposition ✓ (thermal)
• (II) 2AgCl → 2Ag + Cl₂ (sunlight) — decomposition ✓ (photo)
• (III) 2H₂O → 2H₂ + O₂ (electric current) — decomposition ✓ (electrolytic)
• (IV) Fe + CuSO₄ → FeSO₄ + Cu — this isdisplacement(Fe displaces Cu), NOT decomposition ✗
So I, II and III are decomposition reactions →Option 4.
Atoms, Molecules and Mole Concept · Atomic mass and molecular mass

Q20. Calculate the formula unit masses of ZnO, Na₂O, if given atomic masses of Zn = 65 u, Na = 23 u, and O = 16 u.

  1. (a) ZnO = 48u and Na₂O = 62 u.
  2. (b) ZnO = 18u and Na₂O = 62 u.
  3. (c) ZnO = 81u and Na₂O = 62 u.
  4. (d) ZnO = 81u and Na₂O = 39 u.
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) ZnO = 81u and Na₂O = 62 u.

Answer: Option 3 — ZnO = 81 u and Na₂O = 62 u
Formula unit mass = sum of atomic masses.
• ZnO = 65 + 16 =81 u
• Na₂O = 2×23 + 16 = 46 + 16 =62 u
Both match Option 3.
Structure of Atom · Isotopes, isobars and isotones

Q21. Which property of isotopes remains unchanged?

  1. (a) Atomic mass
  2. (b) Physical properties
  3. (c) Chemical properties
  4. (d) Nuclear stability
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Chemical properties

Answer: Option 3 — Chemical properties
Concept:Isotopes of an element have thesame number of protons/electronsbut different numbers of neutrons. Since chemical behaviour depends on the electronic configuration (electrons), theirchemical properties remain unchanged. Their atomic mass, some physical properties and nuclear stability do differ → Option 3.
Carbon and its Compounds · Ethanol and ethanoic acid

Q22. Which property of ethanol makes it suitable for use as a solvent in medicines?

  1. (a) It is acidic in nature
  2. (b) It is highly flammable
  3. (c) It forms esters
  4. (d) Solubility
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Solubility

Answer: Option 4 — Solubility
Concept:Ethanol dissolves bothpolar and many non-polarsubstances (it has a polar –OH group and a non-polar –C₂H₅ part) and ismiscible with water. This wide solvent power (good solubility) makes it useful for dissolving medicines (tinctures, syrups) → Option 4.
Carbon and its Compounds · Ethanol and ethanoic acid

Q23. Which statement correctly describes the solubility of ethanol?

  1. (a) Soluble only in acids
  2. (b) Slightly soluble in water
  3. (c) Completely miscible with water
  4. (d) Insoluble in water
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Completely miscible with water

Answer: Option 3 — Completely miscible with water
Concept:Ethanol's –OH group forms hydrogen bonds with water, so ethanol iscompletely miscible with water in all proportions→ Option 3.
Mixtures, Solutions and Separation · Solutions, solubility and concentration

Q24. A solution contains 20 grams of salt dissolved in 80 grams of water. What is the concentration of the solution in terms of mass by mass percentage?

  1. (a) 20%
  2. (b) 25%
  3. (c) 45%
  4. (d) 30%
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) 20%

Answer: Option 1 — 20%
Mass % = (mass of solute / mass of solution) × 100.
Solution mass = 20 + 80 = 100 g.
Mass % = (20/100) × 100 =20%→ Option 1.
Metals and Non-metals · Occurrence of metals - ores and minerals

Q25. A mineralogist discovers a new metallic ore in the earth's crust. If the ore is primarily a sulphide, the metal is most likely to belong to the:

  1. (a) Top of the activity series
  2. (b) Middle of the activity series
  3. (c) Noble gases, which do not form ores
  4. (d) Bottom of the activity series
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Middle of the activity series

Answer: Option 2 — Middle of the activity series
Concept:Moderately reactive metals (Zn, Fe, Pb, Cu — themiddleof the activity series) commonly occur assulphide(and oxide/carbonate) ores. Highly reactive metals occur as chlorides/oxides; least reactive occur free. Since the ore is a sulphide, the metal lies in the middle → Option 2.
Acids, Bases and Salts · Neutralisation reaction

Q26. When hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide, what is formed as a result of the neutralization reaction?

  1. (a) Salt and water
  2. (b) Gas only
  3. (c) Base only
  4. (d) Acid only
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Salt and water

Answer: Option 1 — Salt and water
Neutralisation:Acid + Base → Salt + Water.
HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O →salt and water→ Option 1.

Physics (10)

Motion · Motion graphs (distance-time, velocity-time)

Q27. What does a position-time graph with a straight line parallel to the time axis represent in the context of an object’s motion?

  1. (a) The object is at rest, covering no distance over time
  2. (b) The object moves with uniform speed over time
  3. (c) The object moves with varying speed
  4. (d) The object accelerates over time
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) The object is at rest, covering no distance over time

Answer: Option 1 — The object is at rest
Concept:In a position–time (x–t) graph, theslope = speed.
A lineparallel to the time axisis horizontal → slope = 0 → speed = 0.
So the position does not change with time: the object isat rest, covering no distance.
(A straight slanted line = uniform speed; a curved line = changing speed/acceleration.)
Work, Energy and Power · Numericals on work, energy and power

Q28. The kinetic energy of a body increases from 40 J to 140 J. What is the net work done on the body?

  1. (a) 200 J
  2. (b) 150 J
  3. (c) 100 J
  4. (d) 50 J
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) 100 J

Answer: Option 3 — 100 J
Work–energy theorem:Net work done = change in kinetic energy.
W = KE_final − KE_initial = 140 − 40 =100 J→ Option 3.
Force and Laws of Motion · Newton's second law and momentum

Q29. When a net force acts on a body, what does Newton's second law predict will happen to the body?

  1. (a) The body will move at constant speed
  2. (b) The body will remain stationary
  3. (c) The body will always move in the opposite direction
  4. (d) The body will accelerate in the direction of the force
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) The body will accelerate in the direction of the force

Answer: Option 4 — The body will accelerate in the direction of the force
Newton's second law:F = ma. If a net (unbalanced) force acts, it produces an accelerationa = F/min thesame directionas the force. So the body accelerates along the force's direction → Option 4.
Sound and Waves · Applications of ultrasound and SONAR

Q30. What is the key reason for ultrasound to be used in cleaning delicate electronic components?

  1. (a) It removes dirt without causing physical damage
  2. (b) It scratches the surface to remove debris
  3. (c) It chemically alters the material for cleaning
  4. (d) It melts the components for better cleaning
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) It removes dirt without causing physical damage

Answer: Option 1 — It removes dirt without causing physical damage
Concept:Ultrasonic cleaning uses high-frequency sound waves that create tiny vibrating bubbles (cavitation) in the cleaning liquid. These dislodge dirt from fine grooves and delicate partswithout mechanical scratching, making it ideal for electronic components → Option 1.
Modern Physics and Electronics · Electromagnetic spectrum and radiations

Q31. A water purification system uses electromagnetic energy to kill bacteria. Which region of the spectrum is being utilised for this function?

  1. (a) Ultraviolet part of the spectrum
  2. (b) Gamma part of the spectrum
  3. (c) Visible part of the spectrum
  4. (d) Infrared part of the spectrum
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Ultraviolet part of the spectrum

Answer: Option 1 — Ultraviolet part of the spectrum
Concept: UV radiationdamages the DNA of bacteria and microbes, killing them. UV lamps are widely used to disinfect and purify water → Option 1.
(Gamma rays are used for sterilising medical equipment/food, but common water purifiers use UV.)
Light - Refraction and Lenses · Numericals on refraction and lenses

Q32. The speed of a light ray changes from 3 x 10⁸ m/s in air to 2 x 10⁸ m/s in a transparent solid. What is the refractive index of the solid with respect to air? (Take the refractive index of air as 1.)

  1. (a) 1.4
  2. (b) 1.5
  3. (c) 1.7
  4. (d) 1.2
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) 1.5

Answer: Option 2 — 1.5
Refractive indexn = speed in air / speed in medium = c/v.
n = (3 × 10⁸) / (2 × 10⁸) =1.5→ Option 2.
Human Eye and the Colourful World · Scattering of light (blue sky, red sunset, Tyndall effect)

Q33. Why does the sky appear blue to human observers during daytime?

  1. (a) Red light is scattered more than blue light due to its longer wavelength
  2. (b) Blue light is absorbed and re-emitted by atmospheric particles
  3. (c) All wavelengths are scattered equally in the atmosphere
  4. (d) Blue light is scattered more than red light due to its shorter wavelength
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Blue light is scattered more than red light due to its shorter wavelength

Answer: Option 4 — Blue light is scattered more than red light due to its shorter wavelength
Concept (Rayleigh scattering):Scattering ∝ 1/λ⁴. Blue light has ashorter wavelength, so it is scattered much more than red by air molecules. This scattered blue light reaching our eyes makes the daytime sky look blue → Option 4.
Electricity · Numericals on electricity

Q34. If a bulb is rated at 60 W and operates at 120 V, what is the current flowing through the bulb?

  1. (a) 2.0 A
  2. (b) 1.2 A
  3. (c) 0.25 A
  4. (d) 0.5 A
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) 0.5 A

Answer: Option 4 — 0.5 A
Power:P = VI ⟹ I = P/V.
I = 60 / 120 =0.5 A→ Option 4.
Work, Energy and Power · Kinetic energy

Q35. Which of the following best describes kinetic energy?

  1. (a) The energy contained in chemical bonds
  2. (b) The energy an object stores in its position
  3. (c) The energy an object has due to its motion
  4. (d) The energy related to temperature changes
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) The energy an object has due to its motion

Answer: Option 3 — The energy an object has due to its motion
Concept: Kinetic energyis the energy possessed by a bodybecause of its motion, KE = ½mv². (Potential energy is due to position; chemical energy is in bonds.) → Option 3.
Electricity · Resistance, resistivity and their factors

Q36. Why are alloys preferred for the heating elements in devices like toasters?

  1. (a) They have a low melting point
  2. (b) They are insulators
  3. (c) They are good electrical conductors with low resistivity
  4. (d) They have higher resistivity and do not oxidise readily at high temperatures
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) They have higher resistivity and do not oxidise readily at high temperatures

Answer: Option 4 — They have higher resistivity and do not oxidise readily at high temperatures
Concept:Heating elements (e.g., nichrome) are alloys because they havehigh resistivity(so they get hot when current flows), ahigh melting point, anddo not oxidise/burneven when red-hot → Option 4.

Biology (6)

Ecology and Environment · Food chains and food webs

Q37. Which type of organisms is always found at the beginning of a food chain?

  1. (a) Decomposer
  2. (b) Producer
  3. (c) Herbivore
  4. (d) Carnivore
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Producer

Answer: Option 2 — Producer
Concept:A food chain always begins withproducers(green plants, algae) — autotrophs that make their own food by photosynthesis and trap solar energy. All other organisms (herbivores, carnivores, decomposers) depend on this energy directly or indirectly. Hence the first trophic level is always the producer.
Ecology and Environment · Pollution - effects on living beings

Q38. Why do non-biodegradable substances show biological magnification?

  1. (a) They are broken down quickly by organisms
  2. (b) They provide energy to organisms
  3. (c) They are not taken up by organisms
  4. (d) They persist in organisms
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) They persist in organisms

Answer: Option 4 — They persist in organisms
Concept:Non-biodegradable substances (e.g., DDT, mercury) arenot broken downand arenot excreted; they persist and accumulate in body tissues. As we move up the food chain their concentration increases — this isbiomagnification→ Option 4.

Q39. The process in plants that involves the breakdown of glucose to release energy is called:

  1. (a) Excretion
  2. (b) Transpiration
  3. (c) Respiration
  4. (d) Photosynthesis
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Respiration

Answer: Option 3 — Respiration
Concept: Respirationis the process that breaks down glucose to release energy (ATP) in cells. (Photosynthesis makes glucose; transpiration is water loss; excretion removes waste.) → Option 3.
Control and Coordination · Neuron and nerve impulse

Q40. In a neuron, what are the short, branched fibres that receive impulses from other neurons called?

  1. (a) Axons
  2. (b) Muscle fibres
  3. (c) Dendrites
  4. (d) Cartilage discs
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Dendrites

Answer: Option 3 — Dendrites
Concept:In a neuron, the short, branched fibres thatreceiveimpulses from other neurons are thedendrites. The long fibre that carries the impulse away is the axon → Option 3.
Diversity and Classification of Living Organisms · Characteristics of living organisms and life processes

Q41. A botanist observes a dormant seed with no visible growth or movement. How can the botanist determine whether the seed is alive?

  1. (a) Conclude it is not alive if it shows no movement
  2. (b) Wait only for visible growth before deciding
  3. (c) Test whether the seed can move independently
  4. (d) Monitor its internal metabolic activity
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Monitor its internal metabolic activity

Answer: Option 4 — Monitor its internal metabolic activity
Concept:Life is defined bymetabolic activity, not visible movement. A dormant seed is alive if internal chemical (metabolic) processes — like slow respiration — are occurring. So the botanist should check for metabolic activity → Option 4.
Tissues · Permanent plant tissues (simple and complex)

Q42. Since parenchyma tissue mainly stores food and other materials, its cells require enough internal space. Therefore, parenchyma cells are generally ________.

  1. (a) Hardened with minerals
  2. (b) Dead and hollow
  3. (c) Tightly packed without spaces
  4. (d) Loosely packed with intercellular spaces
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Loosely packed with intercellular spaces

Answer: Option 4 — Loosely packed with intercellular spaces
Concept:Parenchyma cells store food/water and are living, thin-walled,loosely packed with large intercellular spaces— the space needed for storage and gas exchange → Option 4.

Geography (1)

Q43. A coastal region experiences algal blooms and coral bleaching after unusually high global temperatures. Which interaction between Earth’s spheres best explains this effect?

  1. (a) Reduced sunlight increases rate of photosynthesis in oceans
  2. (b) Increased river flow improves the overall coral reef growth
  3. (c) Land plant growth completely replaces marine ecosystem loss
  4. (d) Ocean warming lowers CO₂ absorption and stresses marine life
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Ocean warming lowers CO₂ absorption and stresses marine life

Answer: Option 4 — Ocean warming lowers CO₂ absorption and stresses marine life
Concept (interaction of spheres):Higher global temperature (atmosphere) warms ocean water (hydrosphere). Warm water dissolvesless CO₂and holds less oxygen, and the heat stress causescoral bleachingand promotes harmfulalgal blooms(biosphere). This links atmosphere–hydrosphere–biosphere → Option 4.
(Options 1–3 are scientifically wrong: less sunlight would reduce photosynthesis, etc.)
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