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RRB Group D 2025-26 10 August 2026 Shift 2 GK Questions – with answers & solutions

All 45 GK / GS questions asked in RRB Group D 2025-26 on 10 August 2026 Shift 2, with correct answers and short solutions, subject-wise: Current Affairs, Economics, Chemistry, Physics, Biology.

📚 45 questions🗓️ 10 August 2026⏰ Shift 2
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Subjects: Current Affairs (19) · Economics (1) · Chemistry (8) · Physics (10) · Biology (7)

Current Affairs (19)

National Affairs and Government Initiatives · New government schemes and missions

Q1. The Prime Minister’s Internship Scheme, launched in October 2024, was expanded in April 2026 to include which additional category of applicants?

  1. (a) Foreign students studying in Indian universities
  2. (b) Final-year graduate and post-graduate students
  3. (c) Retired government employees below 60 years
  4. (d) School students from Classes 9 to 12
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Final-year graduate and post-graduate students

Answer: Option 2 – Final-year graduate and post-graduate students.
• The PM Internship Scheme (launched Oct 2024) was expanded in April 2026 to coverfinal-year graduate and post-graduate students, widening the eligible pool.
Awards and Honours - Current · Sports and film awards - current

Q2. Which football club won the Laureus World Team of the Year Award at the 2026 Laureus World Sports Awards, having swept six titles including their first-ever UEFA Champions League title?

  1. (a) FC Barcelona
  2. (b) Real Madrid
  3. (c) Paris Saint-Germain
  4. (d) Manchester City
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Paris Saint-Germain

Answer: Option 3 – Paris Saint-Germain (PSG).
• PSG won the Laureus World Team of the Year 2026 after a treble/sweep that included theirfirst-ever UEFA Champions Leaguetitle.
Sports - Current · Venues and hosts

Q3. In May 2026, the Elite National Physical Disability Cricket Championship final was hosted in __________.

  1. (a) Jaipur
  2. (b) Bengaluru
  3. (c) Hyderabad
  4. (d) Raipur
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Bengaluru

Answer: Option 2 – Bengaluru.
• The Elite National Physical Disability Cricket Championship final (May 2026) was hosted inBengaluru.
Awards and Honours - Current · National awards - current

Q4. In 2026, which individual was honoured for their exceptional service in disaster management with the Subhash Chandra Bose Aapda Prabandhan Puraskar?

  1. (a) Dr. Prakash Singh
  2. (b) Major General Rakesh Sharma
  3. (c) Lieutenant Colonel Seeta Ashok Shelke
  4. (d) Ms. Sunita Kumari
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Lieutenant Colonel Seeta Ashok Shelke

Answer: Option 3 – Lt Col Seeta Ashok Shelke.
• She was honoured with the Subhash Chandra Bose Aapda Prabandhan Puraskar 2026 for exceptional disaster-management service (individual category).
National Affairs and Government Initiatives · New government schemes and missions

Q5. Under the nationwide immunization campaign launched in February 2026, which precise age group of adolescent girls is eligible to receive the Gardasil-4 vaccine free of cost?

  1. (a) 14 years old
  2. (b) 16 years old
  3. (c) 11 years old
  4. (d) 9 years old
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) 14 years old

Answer: Option 1 – 14 years old.
• Under the Feb 2026 HPV immunisation drive, adolescent girls aged14 yearsare eligible for the free Gardasil-4 vaccine.
National Affairs and Government Initiatives · National events and launches

Q6. What was the name of the initiative organised by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change on the sidelines of TERI’s World Sustainable Development Summit 2026 in New Delhi to connect Himalayan researchers with industry and policymakers?

  1. (a) Himalayan Outreach Mission
  2. (b) Mountain Research Network
  3. (c) Him-SAMVAD
  4. (d) Him-CONNECT
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Him-CONNECT

Answer: Option 4 – Him-CONNECT.
• 'Him-CONNECT', held alongside TERI's World Sustainable Development Summit 2026, links Himalayan researchers with industry and policymakers.
International Affairs and Summits · Bilateral agreements and visits

Q7. Which two countries signed a Statement of Intent to enhance cooperation in artificial intelligence and digital technologies on the sidelines of the India AI Impact Summit 2026?

  1. (a) India and Japan
  2. (b) India and Germany
  3. (c) India and France
  4. (d) India and Sweden
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) India and Sweden

Answer: Option 4 – India and Sweden.
• India andSwedensigned a Statement of Intent on AI and digital-technology cooperation at the India AI Impact Summit 2026.
Awards and Honours - Current · National awards - current

Q8. In early 2026, which individual from Chhattisgarh was recognized for outstanding contributions in Social Work with the Padma Shri award?

  1. (a) Dr. Sunil Kumar
  2. (b) Dr. Budhri Tati
  3. (c) Ms. Anjali Deshmukh
  4. (d) Mr. Suresh Patel
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Dr. Budhri Tati

Answer: Option 2 – Dr. Budhri Tati.
• Dr. Budhri Tati of Chhattisgarh received the Padma Shri 2026 in the field ofSocial Work.
Awards and Honours - Current · International awards - current

Q9. The novel Taiwan Travelogue, which won the prestigious International Booker Prize in 2026, was originally written by which author?

  1. (a) Chi Ta-wei
  2. (b) Wu Ming-Yi
  3. (c) Yang Shuang-zi
  4. (d) Lin King
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Yang Shuang-zi

Answer: Option 3 – Yang Shuang-zi.
• 'Taiwan Travelogue', winner of the International Booker Prize 2026, was originally written byYang Shuang-zi.
International Affairs and Summits · Bilateral agreements and visits

Q10. Which initiative was announced in 2025 by India and the United Kingdom to advance digital inclusion and develop secure and innovative communications by linking university research with lab testing, field trials, and market deployment?

  1. (a) India-UK Connectivity and Innovation Centre
  2. (b) India-UK Cyber Security Cooperation Framework
  3. (c) India-UK Emerging Technologies Partnership Platform
  4. (d) India-UK Digital Trade Facilitation Mechanism
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) India-UK Connectivity and Innovation Centre

Answer: Option 1 – India-UK Connectivity and Innovation Centre.
• Announced in 2025, this India-UK centre links university research with lab testing, field trials and market deployment for secure communications.
Awards and Honours - Current · Sports and film awards - current

Q11. Who won the Laureus World Sportsman of the Year award at the 2026 Laureus World Sports Awards held in Madrid?

  1. (a) Lando Norris
  2. (b) Tadej Pogačar
  3. (c) Carlos Alcaraz
  4. (d) Mondo Duplantis
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Carlos Alcaraz

Answer: Option 3 – Carlos Alcaraz.
• Tennis starCarlos Alcarazwon the Laureus World Sportsman of the Year 2026 (Madrid).
National Affairs and Government Initiatives · Policies, laws and bills

Q12. The Promotion and Regulation of Online Gaming Rules, 2026, came into force on _____________.

  1. (a) 1ˢᵗ February 2026
  2. (b) 1ˢᵗ April 2026
  3. (c) 1ˢᵗ March 2026
  4. (d) 1ˢᵗ May 2026
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) 1ˢᵗ May 2026

Answer: Option 4 – 1st May 2026.
• The Promotion and Regulation of Online Gaming Rules, 2026 came into force on1 May 2026.
Reports, Indices and Rankings · National indices and rankings

Q13. According to the second edition of the North Eastern Region (NER) District Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) Index Report (2023-24) released by NITI Aayog, which district recorded the highest score in the North Eastern Region Sustainable Development Goals (NER SDG) Index 2023–24?

  1. (a) Gangtok (Sikkim)
  2. (b) Aizawl (Mizoram)
  3. (c) Hnahthial (Mizoram)
  4. (d) Agartala (Tripura)
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Hnahthial (Mizoram)

Answer: Option 3 – Hnahthial (Mizoram).
• In NITI Aayog's NER District SDG Index 2023-24 (2nd edition),Hnahthial (Mizoram)recorded the highest score.
State News · State elections and results

Q14. Who had assumed office as the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu on 10 May 2026 representing the Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam party?

  1. (a) Edappadi K. Palaniswami
  2. (b) C. Joseph Vijay
  3. (c) M. K. Stalin
  4. (d) K. Annamalai
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) C. Joseph Vijay

Answer: Option 2 – C. Joseph Vijay.
•C. Joseph Vijay(actor 'Vijay'), of the Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam, assumed office as Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu on 10 May 2026.
Defence and Security - Current · Defence acquisitions and indigenous systems

Q15. Which specific indigenously developed weapon system completed its final deliverable configuration development trials in May 2026?

  1. (a) ULPGM-V3
  2. (b) Akash-NG
  3. (c) Helina-V2
  4. (d) SANT-M1
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) ULPGM-V3

Answer: Option 1 – ULPGM-V3.
• The indigenously developedULPGM-V3(Ultra Light Precision Guided Missile) completed its final deliverable configuration development trials in May 2026.
National Affairs and Government Initiatives · Policies, laws and bills

Q16. Which act forms the basis for the National Sports Governance (National Sports Board) Rules, 2026?

  1. (a) National Sports Policy, 2024
  2. (b) Sports Regulation Act, 2022
  3. (c) Sports Development Act, 2023
  4. (d) National Sports Governance Act, 2025
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) National Sports Governance Act, 2025

Answer: Option 4 – National Sports Governance Act, 2025.
• The National Sports Governance (National Sports Board) Rules, 2026 are framed under theNational Sports Governance Act, 2025.
National Affairs and Government Initiatives · Policies, laws and bills

Q17. As per the Immigration and Foreigners (Amendment) Rules, 2026, notified by Ministry of Home Affairs in June 2026, foreigners arriving in India for up to how many days must register themselves before the expiry of their visa if they seek to extend their stay in the country?

  1. (a) 210 days
  2. (b) 180 days
  3. (c) 250 days
  4. (d) 240 days
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) 180 days

Answer: Option 2 – 180 days.
• Under the Immigration and Foreigners (Amendment) Rules, 2026, foreigners arriving for up to180 daysmust register before visa expiry to extend their stay.
National Affairs and Government Initiatives · New government schemes and missions

Q18. In May 2026, the Target Olympic Podium Scheme (TOPS) was restructured to become the single nodal point for how many sports disciplines?

  1. (a) 10
  2. (b) 15
  3. (c) 36
  4. (d) 27
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) 27

Answer: Option 4 – 27.
• In May 2026 TOPS was restructured to be the single nodal point for27sports disciplines.
National Affairs and Government Initiatives · National events and launches

Q19. In May 2026, NITI Aayog convened the first meeting of a high-powered standing committee to boost India’s global services market share. What is the target share and the specific goal set for 2047?

  1. (a) 8% share of global services; $1 trillion exports
  2. (b) 5% share of global manufacturing; $500 billion exports
  3. (c) 10% share of the global services market; Viksit Bharat vision
  4. (d) 15% share of global trade; 100 million new jobs
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) 10% share of the global services market; Viksit Bharat vision

Answer: Option 3 – 10% share of the global services market; Viksit Bharat vision.
• NITI Aayog's high-powered standing committee (May 2026) targets a10% share of the global services marketaligned with the Viksit Bharat 2047 vision.

Economics (1)

Agriculture and Food Security · Agricultural credit and institutions (NABARD, KCC)

Q20. In February 2026, NABARD released State Focus Papers primarily for planning which activity?

  1. (a) Defence budget expenditure planning
  2. (b) Renewable energy export planning
  3. (c) Priority sector credit planning
  4. (d) Urban development corridor planning
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Priority sector credit planning

Answer: Option 3 – Priority sector credit planning.
• NABARD's State Focus Papers (Feb 2026) are prepared mainly forpriority-sector credit planning, estimating credit potential for agriculture and allied sectors.

Chemistry (8)

Metals and Non-metals · Physical properties of metals and non-metals

Q21. Which of the following sets correctly represents physical properties commonly exhibited by most metals?

  1. (a) Soft, non-ductile, poor conductor of electricity
  2. (b) Lustrous, malleable, good conductor of electricity
  3. (c) Brittle, non-lustrous, poor conductor of heat
  4. (d) Dull, malleable, non-sonorous
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Lustrous, malleable, good conductor of electricity

Answer: Option 2 – Lustrous, malleable, good conductor of electricity.
• Most metals arelustrous(shiny),malleable(can be beaten into sheets),ductile(drawn into wires),sonorous, andgood conductorsof heat and electricity.
• Options 1, 3 and 4 list non-metallic properties (soft, brittle, dull, poor conductor), so they are wrong.
Chemical Reactions and Equations · Writing and balancing chemical equations

Q22. During balancing of the following equation, a student first balances hydrogen instead of oxygen.Fe + H₂O → Fe₃O₄ + H₂What is the main difficulty this approach may cause?

  1. (a) Law of conservation becomes invalid
  2. (b) Oxygen atoms remain highly unequal
  3. (c) Chemical formulas must be modified
  4. (d) Coefficients become impossible values
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Oxygen atoms remain highly unequal

Answer: Option 2 – Oxygen atoms remain highly unequal.
• In Fe + H₂O → Fe₃O₄ + H₂, oxygen appears in H₂O and Fe₃O₄. If a student balances hydrogen first, the oxygen count stays badly unbalanced and repeated re-adjustment is needed.
• Balancing the element that occurs in the fewest compounds/most complex form (here O) first is the standard, easier approach.
• The law of conservation is never invalid; formulas are never changed; coefficients stay whole numbers – so 1, 3, 4 are wrong.
Structure of Atom · Isotopes, isobars and isotones

Q23. Which of the following properties do isobars have in common?

  1. (a) Physical nature
  2. (b) Atomic number
  3. (c) Number of protons
  4. (d) Mass number
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Mass number

Answer: Option 4 – Mass number.
•Isobarsare atoms of different elements having thesame mass numberbut different atomic numbers (e.g. ⁴⁰Ar, ⁴⁰Ca).
• Different atomic number means different protons and different physical/chemical nature, so 1, 2, 3 are wrong.
Environmental Chemistry · Ozone layer and its depletion

Q24. Which of the following environmental problems is related to the penetration of harmful UV rays into our atmosphere?

  1. (a) Ozone hole
  2. (b) Global warming
  3. (c) Greenhouse effect
  4. (d) Acid rain
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Ozone hole

Answer: Option 1 – Ozone hole.
• Theozone layerin the stratosphere absorbs harmfulUV rays. Its depletion (ozone hole), mainly due to CFCs, lets more UV reach the Earth.
• Global warming, greenhouse effect and acid rain are pollution problems not linked to UV penetration.
Mixtures, Solutions and Separation · Homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures

Q25. Which of the following is an example of a homogeneous mixture?

  1. (a) Sugar dissolved in water
  2. (b) Oil and water
  3. (c) Iron filings and sulfur
  4. (d) Sand and water
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Sugar dissolved in water

Answer: Option 1 – Sugar dissolved in water.
• Ahomogeneous mixturehas a uniform composition throughout (a true solution). Sugar in water is one example.
• Oil-water, iron-sulfur, sand-water areheterogeneous(non-uniform) mixtures.
Carbon and its Compounds · Hydrocarbons - alkanes, alkenes, alkynes

Q26. Which saturated hydrocarbon has the molecular formula as C₃H₆?

  1. (a) cyclopropane
  2. (b) propane
  3. (c) propene
  4. (d) propyne
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) cyclopropane

Answer: Option 1 – Cyclopropane.
• Asaturatedhydrocarbon (only single bonds) with formulaC₃H₆must be a ring:cyclopropane.
• Propene (C₃H₆) is unsaturated; propane is C₃H₈; propyne is C₃H₄.
Structure of Atom · Thomson's model

Q27. Which of the following best describes Thomson’s model of an atom?

  1. (a) An atom is a dense positively charged nucleus with electrons outside.
  2. (b) Electrons revolve around the nucleus in fixed orbits.
  3. (c) An atom consists of a positively charged sphere with electrons embedded in it.
  4. (d) Electrons are randomly placed outside the atom.
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) An atom consists of a positively charged sphere with electrons embedded in it.

Answer: Option 3 – A positively charged sphere with electrons embedded in it.
•Thomson's (plum-pudding) model: the atom is a sphere of positive charge with electrons embedded, like seeds in a watermelon.
• Option 1/2 describe Rutherford/Bohr, not Thomson.
Acids, Bases and Salts · Common salts - preparation and uses (baking soda, washing soda, bleaching powder, plaster of Paris)

Q28. During the preparation of baking soda in the laboratory, which gas is essential for its formation along with ammonia and water?

  1. (a) Nitrogen
  2. (b) Oxygen
  3. (c) Carbon dioxide
  4. (d) Hydrogen
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Carbon dioxide

Answer: Option 3 – Carbon dioxide.
• Baking soda (NaHCO₃) is prepared in the Solvay process by passingCO₂andammoniainto brine: NaCl + NH₃ + CO₂ + H₂O → NaHCO₃ + NH₄Cl.

Physics (10)

Sources of Energy · Conventional sources and fossil fuels

Q29. Which sequence correctly represents the formation stages of coal?

  1. (a) Anthracite → Bituminous → Lignite → Peat
  2. (b) Lignite → Peat → Anthracite → Bituminous
  3. (c) Peat → Bituminous → Lignite → Anthracite
  4. (d) Peat → Lignite → Bituminous → Anthracite
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Peat → Lignite → Bituminous → Anthracite

Answer: Option 4 – Peat → Lignite → Bituminous → Anthracite.
• Coal forms by increasing carbonisation of buried plant matter:Peat → Lignite (brown coal) → Bituminous → Anthracite(hardest, highest carbon).
• The other sequences reverse this order and are wrong.
Light - Refraction and Lenses · Refractive index and optical density

Q30. A student measures the absolute refractive index of water as 1.33. What does this mean about the speed of light in water compared to air?

  1. (a) Light travels faster in water by a factor of 1.33 compared to air
  2. (b) Light can not travel through water at all.
  3. (c) Light speed is the same in water and air
  4. (d) Light travels slower in water by a factor of 1.33 compared to air
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Light travels slower in water by a factor of 1.33 compared to air

Answer: Option 4 – Light travels slower in water by a factor of 1.33.
• Refractive index n = speed of light in air ÷ speed of light in medium = c/v.
• n = 1.33 means v = c/1.33, i.e. light travels1.33 times slowerin water than in air.
Work, Energy and Power · Work and its sign

Q31. For work to be considered done on an object, which two conditions must be met?

  1. (a) The force must be applied for a long time, and the object must be at rest.
  2. (b) A force must act on the object, and the object must move.
  3. (c) The object must be heavy, and the force must be large.
  4. (d) The object must move fast, and the force must be constant.
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) A force must act on the object, and the object must move.

Answer: Option 2 – A force must act on the object, and the object must move.
• Work (W = F × s × cosθ) is done only when aforce actsand the object undergoesdisplacementin the direction of the force.
• No displacement ⇒ no work, whatever the force or time.
Motion · Motion graphs (distance-time, velocity-time)

Q32. A Distance-Time graph shows a curve that starts steep and gradually becomes flatter (slope decreasing). This motion represents __________.

  1. (a) Zero acceleration
  2. (b) Deceleration
  3. (c) Positive acceleration
  4. (d) Constant, negative velocity
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Deceleration

Answer: Option 2 – Deceleration.
• On a distance–time graph, slope = speed. A curve that starts steep and becomes flatter means theslope (speed) is decreasing⇒ the body is slowing down =deceleration(retardation).
Electricity · Electric current and its unit

Q33. Which combination of symbols would you use to indicate a wire joint in a schematic circuit diagram?

  1. (a) Two parallel lines
  2. (b) A rectangle
  3. (c) A dot at the intersection of two lines
  4. (d) Lines crossing without a dot
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) A dot at the intersection of two lines

Answer: Option 3 – A dot at the intersection of two lines.
• In circuit diagrams, asolid dotat a crossing shows the wires arejoined(connected).
• Lines crossingwithouta dot mean the wires are not connected.
Force and Laws of Motion · Numericals on force and momentum

Q34. A car of mass 1000 kg increases its velocity from 10 m/s to 20 m/s in 5 seconds. What is the force exerted on the car?

  1. (a) 1000 N
  2. (b) 2500 N
  3. (c) 1500 N
  4. (d) 2000 N
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) 2000 N

Answer: Option 4 – 2000 N.
• Acceleration a = (v − u)/t = (20 − 10)/5 =2 m/s².
• Force F = m × a = 1000 × 2 =2000 N.
Human Eye and the Colourful World · Prism and dispersion of light

Q35. A beam of white light passes through a glass prism and splits into different colors. Which physical phenomenon is primarily responsible for the separation of colors after refraction through the prism?

  1. (a) Reflection of light
  2. (b) Dispersion of light
  3. (c) Absorption of light
  4. (d) Scattering of light
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Dispersion of light

Answer: Option 2 – Dispersion of light.
• A prism splits white light into its colours because different colours refract by different amounts (violet most, red least). This splitting is calleddispersion.
Electricity · Resistors in series and parallel

Q36. Which of the following is a practical reason for using a series combination of resistors in an electrical circuit?

  1. (a) To maintain the same voltage across each resistor
  2. (b) To increase the current in the circuit
  3. (c) To increase total resistance and limit current
  4. (d) To decrease voltage across each resistor
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) To increase total resistance and limit current

Answer: Option 3 – To increase total resistance and limit current.
• In aseriescombination, resistances add up (R = R₁+R₂+…), giving higher total resistance, whichlimits the current– useful for protecting components.
Human Eye and the Colourful World · Defects of vision and their correction

Q37. Which defect of vision is caused by the eye's lens focusing images in front of the retina, making distant objects appear blurry, and can be corrected using a concave lens?

  1. (a) Presbyopia
  2. (b) Astigmatism
  3. (c) Hypermetropia
  4. (d) Myopia
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Myopia

Answer: Option 4 – Myopia.
•Myopia (short-sightedness): the image of a distant object formsin front of the retina; distant objects look blurred. It is corrected with aconcave (diverging) lens.
Work, Energy and Power · Potential energy

Q38. Which of the following does NOT possess potential energy (with respect to the ground)?

  1. (a) A compressed spring
  2. (b) A stone on the roof
  3. (c) Water stored in a dam
  4. (d) A freely falling body at ground level
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) A freely falling body at ground level

Answer: Option 4 – A freely falling body at ground level.
• Potential energy depends on height (P.E. = mgh). At ground levelh = 0, so P.E. = 0.
• A compressed spring (elastic P.E.), a stone on a roof, and dammed water all possess potential energy.

Biology (7)

Tissues · Epithelial tissue

Q39. Which epithelial tissue is found in the lining of the kidney tubules?

  1. (a) Squamous
  2. (b) Columnar
  3. (c) Ciliated
  4. (d) Cuboidal
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Cuboidal

Answer: Option 4 – Cuboidal.
•Cuboidal epitheliumlines kidney tubules and forms glandular ducts; it helps in absorption and secretion.
• Squamous lines air sacs/blood vessels, columnar lines the gut, ciliated lines the respiratory tract.
Ecology and Environment · Ecosystem and its components

Q40. A field biologist observes a rapid increase in soil minerals after the introduction of a decomposer organism in a forest plot. Which feature of this organism most likely facilitated the increase in mineral content?

  1. (a) Ingestion of organic material
  2. (b) Absorption of nutrients by mycelium
  3. (c) Cellulose cell wall formation
  4. (d) Photosynthesis for energy production
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Absorption of nutrients by mycelium

Answer: Option 2 – Absorption of nutrients by mycelium.
• The decomposer described is afungus. Its thread-likemyceliumsecretes enzymes and absorbs nutrients, breaking down dead matter and releasingmineralsback into the soil.
• Fungi do not ingest food or photosynthesise, so 1 and 4 are wrong.
Diversity and Classification of Living Organisms · Plant kingdom groups (Thallophyta to Angiosperms)

Q41. A plant sample, when tested, has vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) but no seeds. Which group does it belong to?

  1. (a) Pteridophyta
  2. (b) Gymnosperm
  3. (c) Bryophyta
  4. (d) Thallophyta
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Pteridophyta

Answer: Option 1 – Pteridophyta.
• Plants withvascular tissue (xylem & phloem) but no seedsbelong toPteridophyta(e.g. ferns).
• Gymnosperms and angiosperms bear seeds; Bryophyta and Thallophyta lack true vascular tissue.
Tissues · Permanent plant tissues (simple and complex)

Q42. A botanist observes a plant stem that bends easily without breaking and is investigating the tissue beneath the epidermis. Which type of simple permanent tissue is most likely responsible for this flexibility?

  1. (a) Sclerenchyma
  2. (b) Collenchyma
  3. (c) Epidermis
  4. (d) Parenchyma
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Collenchyma

Answer: Option 2 – Collenchyma.
•Collenchyma, found beneath the epidermis, has thickened corners and givesflexibility and mechanical support, letting the stem bend without breaking.
• Sclerenchyma is rigid/hard; parenchyma stores food; epidermis is protective.
Control and Coordination · Peripheral and autonomic nervous system

Q43. Which of the following structures connect the brain to the muscles?

  1. (a) Bones
  2. (b) Blood
  3. (c) Glands
  4. (d) Nerves
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Nerves

Answer: Option 4 – Nerves.
•Nervescarry impulses between the brain/spinal cord and the muscles, coordinating movement.
Control and Coordination · Brain - parts and functions

Q44. Which part of the human brain is responsible for most thinking activities?

  1. (a) Hind-brain
  2. (b) Cerebellum
  3. (c) Fore-brain
  4. (d) Mid-brain
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Fore-brain

Answer: Option 3 – Fore-brain.
• Thefore-brain (cerebrum)is the main thinking part – it controls voluntary actions, reasoning, memory and intelligence.
Plant Physiology and Morphology · Photosynthesis - process and factors

Q45. In plants, carbohydrates produced during photosynthesis are stored in which form?

  1. (a) Starch
  2. (b) Protein
  3. (c) Cellulose
  4. (d) Glycogen
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Starch

Answer: Option 1 – Starch.
• In plants, the carbohydrate made in photosynthesis is stored asstarch. (In animals the storage form is glycogen.)
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