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RRB Group D 2025-26 10 August 2026 Shift 3 GK Questions – with answers & solutions

All 43 GK / GS questions asked in RRB Group D 2025-26 on 10 August 2026 Shift 3, with correct answers and short solutions, subject-wise: Current Affairs, Economics, Static GK, Physics, Biology, Chemistry.

📚 43 questions🗓️ 10 August 2026⏰ Shift 3
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Subjects: Current Affairs (16) · Economics (3) · Static GK (1) · Physics (10) · Biology (6) · Chemistry (6) · Geography (1)

Current Affairs (16)

National Affairs and Government Initiatives · National events and launches

Q1. What was the name of the mobile application launched by the Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment in May 2026 to enhance safety, welfare, healthcare access, and social inclusion for senior citizens in India?

  1. (a) SAHARA
  2. (b) JEEVIKA
  3. (c) JEEVAN
  4. (d) SENIOR
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) JEEVAN

Answer: Option 3 – JEEVAN.
• 'JEEVAN' is the mobile app launched by the Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment (May 2026) for senior-citizen safety, welfare and healthcare access.
Sports - Current · Records and achievements

Q2. At the ISSF World Cup in Munich in May 2026, which shooter set a new World Record score of 43 to win gold in the Women’s 25m Pistol event?

  1. (a) Esha Singh
  2. (b) Manu Bhaker
  3. (c) Heena Sidhu
  4. (d) Shreyasi Singh
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Esha Singh

Answer: Option 1 – Esha Singh.
• At the ISSF World Cup Munich (May 2026),Esha Singhset a World Record score of 43 to win gold in the Women's 25m Pistol.

Q3. On March 11, 2026, the Supreme Court of India delivered a historic first-of-its-kind order in the case of Harish Rana v. Union of India, permitting the withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment for a man who had been in a Persistent Vegetative State for over 13 years. Which constitutional right did the Court invoke as the basis for this landmark passive euthanasia ruling?

  1. (a) Article 19
  2. (b) Article 21
  3. (c) Article 32
  4. (d) Article 14
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Article 21

Answer: Option 2 – Article 21.
• In Harish Rana v. Union of India (11 March 2026), the Supreme Court invokedArticle 21 (Right to Life with dignity)as the basis for permitting passive euthanasia.
National Affairs and Government Initiatives · New government schemes and missions

Q4. Which organization was entrusted with the responsibility of implementing the 'Bharat Industrial Development Scheme' (BHAVYA) in March 2026?

  1. (a) Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
  2. (b) Industrial Finance Corporation of India
  3. (c) National Small Industries Corporation
  4. (d) National Industrial Corridor Development Corporation
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) National Industrial Corridor Development Corporation

Answer: Option 4 – National Industrial Corridor Development Corporation.
• The BHAVYA (Bharat Industrial Development Scheme) was entrusted to theNICDCin March 2026.
International Affairs and Summits · Bilateral agreements and visits

Q5. A landmark defence pact between India and Russia came into force in early 2026, allowing reciprocal access to military bases. What is this agreement called?

  1. (a) BECA (Basic Exchange and Cooperation Agreement)
  2. (b) COMCASA (Communications Compatibility and Security Agreement)
  3. (c) LEMOA (Logistics Exchange Memorandum of Agreement)
  4. (d) RELOS (Reciprocal Exchange of Logistics Support)
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) RELOS (Reciprocal Exchange of Logistics Support)

Answer: Option 4 – RELOS (Reciprocal Exchange of Logistics Support).
• The India–RussiaRELOSagreement allows reciprocal access to each other's military bases.
International Affairs and Summits · Summits and conferences

Q6. In March 2026, India hosted the 12th Steering Committee Meeting of which international anti-corruption network in New Delhi?

  1. (a) Global Operational Network of Anti-Corruption Law Enforcement Authorities (GlobE Network)
  2. (b) Egmont Group of Financial Intelligence Units
  3. (c) International Anti-Corruption Academy (IACA)
  4. (d) Financial Action Task Force (FATF)
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Global Operational Network of Anti-Corruption Law Enforcement Authorities (GlobE Network)

Answer: Option 1 – GlobE Network.
• India hosted the 12th Steering Committee Meeting of theGlobal Operational Network of Anti-Corruption Law Enforcement Authorities (GlobE Network)in New Delhi (March 2026).
Awards and Honours - Current · National awards - current

Q7. Who among the following was awarded the Padma Shri in January 2026 for contribution in the field of sports?

  1. (a) Deepika Reddy
  2. (b) Baldev Singh
  3. (c) Inderjit Singh Sidhu
  4. (d) Gambir Singh Yonzone
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Baldev Singh

Answer: Option 2 – Baldev Singh.
•Baldev Singhreceived the Padma Shri (Jan 2026) in the field of Sports.
National Affairs and Government Initiatives · New government schemes and missions

Q8. Which long-term national vision does Jal Jeevan Mission 2.0, as reinforced in the April 2026 MoUs, align with?

  1. (a) Swachh Bharat Mission 2.0
  2. (b) Viksit Bharat @2047
  3. (c) Make in India Vision
  4. (d) Digital India 2030
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Viksit Bharat @2047

Answer: Option 2 – Viksit Bharat @2047.
• Jal Jeevan Mission 2.0 (April 2026 MoUs) aligns with theViksit Bharat @2047vision.
Awards and Honours - Current · National awards - current

Q9. Which film actor received the Padma Bhushan award in the field of arts in January 2026?

  1. (a) Kamal Haasan
  2. (b) Mammootty
  3. (c) Ranveer Singh
  4. (d) Rajinikanth
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Mammootty

Answer: Option 2 – Mammootty.
• ActorMammoottyreceived the Padma Bhushan in Arts (Jan 2026).

Q10. What was the primary objective of the Constitution (131ˢᵗ Amendment) Bill, 2026?

  1. (a) To operationalise women’s reservation through delimitation
  2. (b) To create a new constitutional court system
  3. (c) To establish simultaneous elections across India
  4. (d) To abolish the Rajya Sabha nomination process
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) To operationalise women’s reservation through delimitation

Answer: Option 1 – To operationalise women's reservation through delimitation.
• The Constitution (131st Amendment) Bill, 2026 aimed to operationalisewomen's reservation via delimitation.
Sports - Current · Records and achievements

Q11. At the Seiko Golden Grand Prix in Tokyo in May 2026, Yemi Mary John became the first European in 2026 to break the 50-second barrier in which event?

  1. (a) 300 meters
  2. (b) 600 meters
  3. (c) 800 meters
  4. (d) 400 meters
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) 400 meters

Answer: Option 4 – 400 metres.
• At the Seiko Golden Grand Prix Tokyo (May 2026), Yemi Mary John became the first European in 2026 to break 50 seconds in the400 m.
Appointments and Resignations · International appointments

Q12. Which U.S. Secretary of State had called on Prime Minister Narendra Modi in May 2026 and briefed him on the progress in bilateral cooperation across sectors including defence, trade, and energy security?

  1. (a) Pete Hegseth
  2. (b) Jake Sullivan
  3. (c) Marco Rubio
  4. (d) Antony Blinken
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Marco Rubio

Answer: Option 3 – Marco Rubio.
• U.S. Secretary of StateMarco Rubiocalled on PM Modi in May 2026 to brief him on bilateral cooperation.

Q13. The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Amendment Bill, 2026, passed by the Parliament in March 2026, removed which major safeguard that had been recognised under the original 2019 Act?

  1. (a) Statutory protection against discrimination
  2. (b) Establishment of welfare and rehabilitation schemes
  3. (c) Recognition of self-perceived gender identity
  4. (d) Constitution of the National Council for Transgender Persons
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Recognition of self-perceived gender identity

Answer: Option 3 – Recognition of self-perceived gender identity.
• The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Amendment Bill, 2026 removed theself-perceived gender identitysafeguard of the 2019 Act (per the question's premise).
Awards and Honours - Current · International awards - current

Q14. In May 2026, which two Indian journalists, along with Bloomberg's Natalie Obiko Pearson, won the Pulitzer Prize in the Illustrated Reporting and Commentary category for a project exposing cybercrime in India?

  1. (a) Anand RK and Aniruddha Ghosal
  2. (b) Anand RK and Suparna Sharma
  3. (c) Suparna Sharma and Aniruddha Ghosal
  4. (d) Aniruddha Ghosal and Ravish Kumar
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Anand RK and Suparna Sharma

Answer: Option 2 – Anand RK and Suparna Sharma.
• Along with Bloomberg's Natalie Obiko Pearson,Anand RK and Suparna Sharmawon the Pulitzer (Illustrated Reporting & Commentary) for exposing cybercrime in India.
Awards and Honours - Current · National awards - current

Q15. Which cinema legend was honored with a Padma Bhushan at the 2026 Civil Investiture Ceremony for contributions to Malayalam and Indian cinema?

  1. (a) Kamal Haasan
  2. (b) Chiranjeevi
  3. (c) Mammootty
  4. (d) Mohanlal
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Mammootty

Answer: Option 3 – Mammootty.
• Cinema legendMammoottywas honoured with a Padma Bhushan at the 2026 Civil Investiture Ceremony for Malayalam and Indian cinema.
Awards and Honours - Current · Sports and film awards - current

Q16. Which former Olympic gold medalist received the Major Dhyan Chand Lifetime Achievement Award at the Hockey India Awards in March 2026?

  1. (a) PR Sreejesh
  2. (b) Harbinder Singh
  3. (c) Ashok Dhyanchand
  4. (d) Zafar Iqbal
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Zafar Iqbal

Answer: Option 4 – Zafar Iqbal.
• Former Olympic gold medallistZafar Iqbalreceived the Major Dhyan Chand Lifetime Achievement Award at the Hockey India Awards (March 2026).

Economics (3)

Public Finance - Budget and Taxation · Union Budget - latest highlights

Q17. In the Union Budget 2025–26, India’s total defense allocation reached a record high of approximately how much, reflecting the government's sustained focus on military modernization and Atmanirbharta (self-reliance)?

  1. (a) ₹5.61 lakh crore
  2. (b) ₹8.81 lakh crore
  3. (c) ₹6.81 lakh crore
  4. (d) ₹4.33 lakh crore
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) ₹6.81 lakh crore

Answer: Option 3 – ₹6.81 lakh crore.
• The Union Budget 2025–26 set a record defence allocation of about₹6.81 lakh crore.
Public Finance - Budget and Taxation · Union Budget - latest highlights

Q18. The Union Budget 2026–27 announced "Biopharma SHAKTI" to develop India as a global biopharma hub. What does the acronym SHAKTI in Biopharma-SHAKTI stands for?

  1. (a) Scheme for Health and Knowledge Advancement through Technology and Industry
  2. (b) Strategy for Healthcare Advancement through Knowledge, Technology and Innovation
  3. (c) Strategy for Healthcare Access through Knowledge, Training and Infrastructure
  4. (d) System for High-value Advancement through Knowledge Transfer and Innovation
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Strategy for Healthcare Advancement through Knowledge, Technology and Innovation

Answer: Option 2 – Strategy for Healthcare Advancement through Knowledge, Technology and Innovation.
• This is the expansion of SHAKTI in 'Biopharma-SHAKTI' announced in Union Budget 2026–27.
Public Finance - Budget and Taxation · Union Budget - latest highlights

Q19. As per the Union Budget 2025-26, the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) limit for the insurance sector is to be raised for those companies which invest the entire premium in India from 74% to a maximum of _____________.̲

  1. (a) 95%
  2. (b) 80%
  3. (c) 100%
  4. (d) 90%
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) 100%

Answer: Option 3 – 100%.
• Union Budget 2025–26 proposed raising the insurance-sector FDI limit from 74% to100%for companies investing the entire premium in India.

Static GK (1)

Space, Defence and Technology · Indian armed forces - structure and ranks

Q20. Which state hosted the Maroon Beret Ceremonial Parade in 2026 marking the successful completion of training of the Indian Air Force Special Forces operatives at Air Force Station, Chandinagar?

  1. (a) Punjab
  2. (b) Haryana
  3. (c) Rajasthan
  4. (d) Uttar Pradesh
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Uttar Pradesh

Answer: Option 4 – Uttar Pradesh.
• The Maroon Beret Ceremonial Parade (IAF Special Forces, Air Force Station Chandinagar) was held inUttar Pradeshin 2026.

Physics (10)

Sound and Waves · Loudness, pitch, quality and decibel

Q21. Why does a tightly stretched drum skin make a different sound than a loose one?

  1. (a) A tightly stretched drum skin is heavier than a loose one
  2. (b) A tightly stretched drum skin contains more air than a loose one
  3. (c) A tightly stretched drum skin is thicker than a loose one
  4. (d) A tightly stretched drum skin vibrates faster than a loose one
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) A tightly stretched drum skin vibrates faster than a loose one

Answer: Option 4 – A tightly stretched drum skin vibrates faster than a loose one.
• Greater tension raises thefrequencyof vibration, giving a higher-pitched sound. A loose skin vibrates slowly ⇒ lower pitch.
Force and Laws of Motion · Numericals on force and momentum

Q22. A force of 60 N is used to push a box, causing it to accelerate at 3 m/s². What is the mass of the box?

  1. (a) 180 kg
  2. (b) 20 kg
  3. (c) 18 kg
  4. (d) 15 kg
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) 20 kg

Answer: Option 2 – 20 kg.
• F = m × a ⇒ m = F/a = 60 ÷ 3 =20 kg.
Units, Measurement & Dimensions · Derived units and units named after scientists

Q23. A student calculates the work done on an object and its kinetic energy. In which SI unit should both quantities be expressed?

  1. (a) Newton (N)
  2. (b) Pascal (Pa)
  3. (c) Watt (W)
  4. (d) Joule (J)
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Joule (J)

Answer: Option 4 – Joule (J).
• Bothworkandkinetic energyare forms of energy and are measured injoules (J).
Physics Miscellaneous · Scientific instruments and their uses

Q24. What does a sphygmomanometer measure in the human body?

  1. (a) Heart rate
  2. (b) Body temperature
  3. (c) Blood pressure
  4. (d) Blood sugar
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Blood pressure

Answer: Option 3 – Blood pressure.
• Asphygmomanometermeasuresblood pressure.
Motion · Distance and displacement

Q25. Which statement correctly describes the difference between position vector and displacement vector?

  1. (a) Position vector locates a point; displacement vector shows the change between two points
  2. (b) Both always have the same magnitude
  3. (c) Both always point in the same direction
  4. (d) Position vector always shows the path traveled
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Position vector locates a point; displacement vector shows the change between two points

Answer: Option 1 – Position vector locates a point; displacement vector shows the change between two points.
• Aposition vectorgives a point's location relative to the origin; adisplacement vectoris the change in position between two points.
Magnetism and Magnetic Effects of Current · Magnetic field due to current (Oersted, right-hand thumb rule)

Q26. What happens to the magnetic field around a straight current-carrying conductor if the direction of the current is reversed?

  1. (a) The magnetic field direction reverses around the conductor.
  2. (b) The magnetic field around the conductor becomes zero.
  3. (c) The magnetic field around the conductor disappears.
  4. (d) The magnetic field strength doubles around the conductor.
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) The magnetic field direction reverses around the conductor.

Answer: Option 1 – The magnetic field direction reverses.
• By the right-hand rule, reversing the currentreverses the directionof the circular magnetic field around the conductor (magnitude unchanged).
Sound and Waves · Nature and types of waves (longitudinal, transverse)

Q27. Which of the following statements best explains why striking a bell in a vacuum does NOT produce sound we can hear?

  1. (a) Sound needs a medium to travel from the bell to our ears
  2. (b) The bell does not vibrate in a vacuum
  3. (c) Light from the bell reaches our ears instead
  4. (d) The bell’s material prevents sound from traveling
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Sound needs a medium to travel from the bell to our ears

Answer: Option 1 – Sound needs a medium to travel.
• Sound is a mechanical wave; it requires amaterial medium. In a vacuum there is no medium, so the sound cannot reach our ears.
Work, Energy and Power · Simple machines and levers

Q28. Consider the following statements about a seesaw used in a playground.1. The central support acts as the fulcrum.2. The weight of a child on one side may act as the load.3. The force applied by a child on the opposite side may act as the effort.4. A seesaw is an example of a first-class lever.Which of the above statements are correct?

  1. (a) 1, 2 and 3 only
  2. (b) 1 and 2 only
  3. (c) 1, 2 and 4 only
  4. (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Answer: Option 4 – 1, 2, 3 and 4.
• A seesaw is afirst-class lever: fulcrum (central support) lies between the load (weight of one child) and the effort (force by the other child). All four statements are correct.
Light - Reflection and Mirrors · Concave mirror - image formation and uses

Q29. Which of the following best describes the image formed by a concave mirror when the object is placed just beyond the focal point but before the center of curvature?

  1. (a) Virtual, inverted, and magnified
  2. (b) Real, upright, and same size
  3. (c) Real, inverted, and magnified
  4. (d) Virtual, upright, and diminished
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Real, inverted, and magnified

Answer: Option 3 – Real, inverted, and magnified.
• For a concave mirror with the objectbetween F and C, the image isreal, inverted and magnified(formed beyond C).
Magnetism and Magnetic Effects of Current · Electromagnetic induction and Faraday's laws

Q30. Two identical coils are placed near each other. If the current in the first coil is switched off suddenly, what will happen in the second coil?

  1. (a) A current is induced in the second coil that helps decrease the original magnetic field.
  2. (b) A current is momentarily induced in the second coil in a direction that tries to keep the magnetic field constant.
  3. (c) No current is induced in the second coil because the coils are not connected.
  4. (d) A steady current is induced in the second coil as long as the first coil remains off.
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) A current is momentarily induced in the second coil in a direction that tries to keep the magnetic field constant.

Answer: Option 2 – A current is momentarily induced that tries to keep the magnetic field constant.
• ByLenz's law, switching off the first coil's current induces amomentarycurrent in the second coil opposing the change – i.e. trying to maintain the field.

Biology (6)

Q31. A patient with severe lung disease has reduced oxygen intake. Which cellular pathway is likely to be upregulated in their muscle cells during exertion, and what product accumulates as a result?

  1. (a) Direct conversion of glucose to ATP without any by-products
  2. (b) Anaerobic conversion of pyruvate to ethanol and carbon dioxide
  3. (c) Anaerobic conversion of pyruvate to lactic acid, leading to lactic acid accumulation
  4. (d) Aerobic breakdown of pyruvate to carbon dioxide and water
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Anaerobic conversion of pyruvate to lactic acid, leading to lactic acid accumulation

Answer: Option 3 – Anaerobic conversion of pyruvate to lactic acid.
• With reduced oxygen, muscle cells respireanaerobically, converting pyruvate tolactic acid, which accumulates and causes muscle fatigue/cramps.
Plant Physiology and Morphology · Transport in plants (xylem, phloem)

Q32. Which part of the plant vascular tissue is mainly responsible for transporting amino acids and soluble products of photosynthesis?

  1. (a) Cortex
  2. (b) Epidermis
  3. (c) Xylem
  4. (d) Phloem
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Phloem

Answer: Option 4 – Phloem.
•Phloemtransports food (sugars/amino acids made in photosynthesis) from leaves to the rest of the plant (translocation). Xylem carries water.
Microorganisms · Nitrogen fixation and nitrogen cycle microbes

Q33. Which of the following bacteria is INCORRECTLY paired with its role?

  1. (a) Rhizobium — Nitrogen fixation in legumes
  2. (b) Nitrobacter — Conversion of nitrite to nitrate
  3. (c) Azotobacter — Nitrogen fixation in soil
  4. (d) Pseudomonas — Nitrification
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Pseudomonas — Nitrification

Answer: Option 4 – Pseudomonas — Nitrification (incorrect pairing).
• *Pseudomonas* carries outdenitrification(nitrate → nitrogen gas), not nitrification. The other three pairings are correct.
Ecology and Environment · Trophic levels and the 10 percent law

Q34. Most of the energy fixed by autotrophs is ______ at each trophic level.

  1. (a) Utilized for locomotion
  2. (b) Lost to the environment as heat
  3. (c) Stored in the organism
  4. (d) Converted into organic matter
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Lost to the environment as heat

Answer: Option 2 – Lost to the environment as heat.
• At each trophic level, most energy islost as heat(only about 10% passes to the next level – the 10% law).
Reproduction · Reproductive health and contraception

Q35. A couple is unable to conceive naturally due to blocked oviducts in the female. Which medical technique can help them achieve pregnancy?

  1. (a) Artificial insemination
  2. (b) Ultrasound imaging
  3. (c) In-vitro Fertilisation
  4. (d) Hormone therapy
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) In-vitro Fertilisation

Answer: Option 3 – In-vitro Fertilisation (IVF).
• Withblocked oviducts, fertilisation cannot occur naturally.IVFfertilises the egg outside the body and implants the embryo in the uterus.
Heredity and Evolution · Heredity and variation

Q36. Two siblings from the same parents often look different from each other. Which process mainly causes this difference?

  1. (a) Photosynthesis
  2. (b) Mitosis
  3. (c) Meiosis
  4. (d) Respiration
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Meiosis

Answer: Option 3 – Meiosis.
•Meiosis(with crossing over and independent assortment) produces genetically varied gametes, so siblings differ from one another.

Chemistry (6)

Metals and Non-metals · Metallurgy - extraction and refining

Q37. What is used as an anode in the electrolytic refining of nickel?

  1. (a) Nickel acetate
  2. (b) Nickel sulphate
  3. (c) Impure nickel
  4. (d) Nickel carbonate
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Impure nickel

Answer: Option 3 – Impure nickel.
• In electrolytic refining, theimpure metal (impure nickel)is made theanode, and pure nickel deposits on the cathode.
Carbon and its Compounds · Chemical properties of carbon compounds (combustion, oxidation, addition, substitution)

Q38. The commonly used catalysts for hydrogenation reactions are _________ and _________.

  1. (a) conc. sulphuric acid, nickel
  2. (b) palladium, conc. sulphuric acid
  3. (c) nickel, sodium hydroxide
  4. (d) palladium, nickel
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) palladium, nickel

Answer: Option 4 – Palladium and Nickel.
• Hydrogenation of unsaturated compounds uses metal catalysts, commonlypalladium (Pd)andnickel (Ni)(also platinum).
Carbon and its Compounds · Bonding in carbon and catenation

Q39. Why does carbon form a large number of compounds?

  1. (a) Because carbon is highly reactive
  2. (b) Because carbon forms only single bonds
  3. (c) Because the carbon-carbon bond is very strong and stable
  4. (d) Because carbon cannot form rings
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Because the carbon-carbon bond is very strong and stable

Answer: Option 3 – Because the carbon-carbon bond is very strong and stable.
• Carbon forms a huge number of compounds due tocatenation(strong, stable C–C bonds) and its tetravalency, allowing long chains, branches and rings.
Chemical Reactions and Equations · Double displacement and precipitation reactions

Q40. If you mix aqueous solutions of sodium sulphate and barium chloride, what type of chemical reaction occurs and what is the evidence for it?

  1. (a) Single displacement; color of substance changes
  2. (b) Decomposition; heat release
  3. (c) Double displacement; formation of a precipitate
  4. (d) Redox reaction; gas evolution occurs
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Double displacement; formation of a precipitate

Answer: Option 3 – Double displacement; formation of a precipitate.
• Na₂SO₄ + BaCl₂ → BaSO₄↓ + 2NaCl. Ions exchange partners (double displacement); the whiteprecipitateof BaSO₄ is the evidence.
Structure of Atom · Atomic number and mass number

Q41. Consider two elements, X with atomic number 7 and Y with atomic number 8. Which of the following is correct about their number of protons?

  1. (a) Y has one more proton than X.
  2. (b) Both have same number of protons.
  3. (c) Both have no protons.
  4. (d) X has one more proton than Y.
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Y has one more proton than X.

Answer: Option 1 – Y has one more proton than X.
• Atomic number = number of protons. X = 7 protons, Y = 8 protons ⇒Y has one more proton.
Chemical Reactions and Equations · Writing and balancing chemical equations

Q42. Which of the following reactions violates the Law of Conservation of Mass?

  1. (a) Ca + Cl₂ → CaCl₂
  2. (b) H₂ + Cl₂ → 2HCl
  3. (c) 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O
  4. (d) 2Mg + O₂ → MgO
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) 2Mg + O₂ → MgO

Answer: Option 4 – 2Mg + O₂ → MgO (unbalanced).
• This equation is not balanced (2 Mg on left, 1 on right; 2 O on left, 1 on right), so as written it violates conservation of mass. The balanced form is 2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO.

Geography (1)

Atmosphere and Climate · Pressure belts

Q43. A researcher collects air samples from 90° North latitude and finds a persistent high-pressure system. The underlying process that explains this observation is:

  1. (a) Surface flow from equatorial regions
  2. (b) Convergence at sub-tropical latitudes
  3. (c) Rising of warm air from the surface
  4. (d) Sinking of cold, dense air in polar regions
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Sinking of cold, dense air in polar regions

Answer: Option 4 – Sinking of cold, dense air in polar regions.
• At the poles, cold dense airsinks, creating a persistenthigh-pressure(polar high) system.
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