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Atmosphere and Climate PYQs – Geography, SSC & Railway

98 Atmosphere and Climate (Geography) questions asked in recent SSC and Railway exams, newest first, with exam, date & shift, answers and solutions.

📚 98 questionsSSC 58 · Railway 40
SSC Stenographer 2026 – 15 September 2026 Shift 2 · Air masses, fronts and jet streams

Q1. Which of the following statements most accurately explains the nature, dynamics, and regional implications of jet streams, particularly in the context of South Asian monsoon behavior and extreme weather events?

  1. (a) Jet streams are permanent low-level winds flowing parallel to the equator, and their seasonal shift has no significant influence on Indian monsoon onset or withdrawal.
  2. (b) The Tropical Easterly Jet (TEJ) and Subtropical Westerly Jet (STWJ) are upper tropospheric winds whose seasonal dominance over the Indian subcontinent strongly influences the monsoon cycle, with the STWJ facilitating active monsoon conditions.
  3. (c) The Subtropical Westerly Jet retreats northward during summer, allowing the Tropical Easterly Jet to dominate, which aids monsoon onset, whereas the presence of STWJ over India during summer can suppress monsoon activity.
  4. (d) Jet streams have no role in mid-latitude cyclones or upper-air divergence, and their impact is confined to aviation and turbulence rather than synoptic-scale weather systems.
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) The Subtropical Westerly Jet retreats northward during summer, allowing the Tropical Easterly Jet to dominate, which aids monsoon onset, whereas the presence of STWJ over India during summer can suppress monsoon activity.

Answer: Option 3 — The Subtropical Westerly Jet retreats northward in summer, letting the Tropical Easterly Jet dominate and aid monsoon onset; an STWJ lingering over India in summer suppresses the monsoon.
The Subtropical Westerly Jet sits south of the Himalayas in winter; its shift north of the Himalayas by early June lets the Tropical Easterly Jet establish itself and is the trigger for the monsoon burst.
Option 2 fails on its last clause — the STWJ suppresses, not facilitates, the monsoon when it lingers over north India.
Revision note — Jet streams and the Indian monsoon
• A jet stream is a narrow band of fast upper-tropospheric westerly wind at about 9–14 km height, blowing west to east at more than 120 km/h.
• The Subtropical Westerly Jet (STWJ) lies at about 25°–30° N, south of the Himalayas, in winter; it steers western disturbances from the Mediterranean into north-west India.
• In summer the STWJ moves north of the Tibetan plateau.
• The Tropical Easterly Jet (TEJ) then forms at about 15° N over peninsular India at 14–16 km, blowing east to west, strengthened by the heating of the Tibetan plateau.
• The return of the STWJ south of the Himalayas in autumn induces subsidence over north-west India and helps the monsoon withdraw.
• The Somali (Findlater) jet is a low-level cross-equatorial jet that carries moisture across the Arabian Sea toward the Kerala coast.
• The role of jet streams in the monsoon was stressed by Koteswaram and Flohn; jet streams also feed upper-air divergence that deepens mid-latitude cyclones.
Do not mix these up
• STWJ vs TEJ — the STWJ blows west to east and dominates winter; the TEJ blows east to west and dominates the summer monsoon.
• Western disturbances vs monsoon rain — western disturbances bring winter rain to north-west India along the westerly jet; the monsoon is a summer system.
Also asked from this topic: the direction of jet streams over India in winter (west to east); how the subtropical jet aids monsoon withdrawal (subsidence over land).
SSC Stenographer 2026 – 12 September 2026 Shift 1 · Pressure belts

Q2. Which of the following statements most accurately describes the characteristics and climatic significance of the Doldrums (Intertropical Convergence Zone - ITCZ) and their impact on global weather patterns?

  1. (a) The Doldrums are a permanent high-pressure zone near the poles characterized by descending cold air, resulting in clear skies and stable weather conditions.
  2. (b) The Doldrums represent a low-pressure belt near the equator where trade winds from both hemispheres converge, causing frequent thunderstorms, variable winds, and influencing monsoon onset in South Asia.
  3. (c) The Doldrums shift seasonally towards the poles following the sun's zenith point but do not affect the formation of tropical cyclones or the distribution of rainfall in the tropics.
  4. (d) The Doldrums are characterized by strong, persistent winds blowing consistently from east to west, facilitating historic transoceanic sailing routes.
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) The Doldrums represent a low-pressure belt near the equator where trade winds from both hemispheres converge, causing frequent thunderstorms, variable winds, and influencing monsoon onset in South Asia.

Answer: Option 2 — The Doldrums represent a low-pressure belt near the equator where trade winds from both hemispheres converge, causing frequent thunderstorms, variable winds, and influencing monsoon onset in South Asia.
The doldrums are the equatorial low-pressure belt: intense heating makes air rise, and the north-east and south-east trade winds flow in to replace it.
The rising moist air gives daily convectional thunderstorms.
Surface winds are calm or fitful — the opposite of strong and persistent — which is why sailing ships dreaded the belt.
Revision note — Pressure belts and the ITCZ
• Equatorial low (doldrums / ITCZ): about 5°N to 5°S; rising air, heavy convectional rain, calm surface winds.
• Subtropical highs (horse latitudes): 30° to 35° in each hemisphere; descending dry air, so the great hot deserts (Sahara, Thar, Kalahari) lie here.
• Subpolar lows: 60° to 65°; cold polar easterlies meet warm westerlies along the polar front, giving temperate cyclones.
• Polar highs: at the poles; very cold, dense, sinking air.
• The ITCZ migrates with the overhead sun — north in the northern summer and south in the southern summer, roughly within 20° of the equator.
• In July it sits over the northern plains of India as the monsoon trough, pulling in the south-west monsoon; its southward retreat in September–October marks the monsoon's withdrawal.
Do not mix these up
• Doldrums vs horse latitudes — both are belts of calm, but the doldrums are a low with rising wet air, the horse latitudes a high with sinking dry air.
• Trade winds vs westerlies — trade winds blow from the subtropical highs towards the equator (north-east in the northern hemisphere); westerlies blow poleward from the same highs.
Also asked from this topic: the low-pressure belt near the equator (doldrums); where the trade winds of both hemispheres meet (ITCZ); what marks the monsoon's withdrawal (southward shift of the ITCZ).
SSC Stenographer 2026 – 11 September 2026 Shift 1 · El Nino, La Nina and IOD

Q3. Which of the following best describes the phenomenon of El Niño in the context of global climate?

  1. (a) Periodic warming of sea surface in central and eastern Pacific
  2. (b) A sudden cooling of the Atlantic Ocean due to glacial melt
  3. (c) An increase in solar radiation causing global droughts
  4. (d) A monsoon-driven reversal of ocean currents in the Indian Ocean
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Periodic warming of sea surface in central and eastern Pacific

Answer: Option 1 — Periodic warming of sea surface in central and eastern Pacific
El Niño is the abnormal warming of the sea surface in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific, off the coast of Peru and Ecuador.
It recurs every 2 to 7 years and usually lasts 9 to 12 months.
Revision note — El Niño, La Niña and ENSO
• The name is Spanish for "the little boy" (the Christ Child), given by Peruvian fishermen because the warming appears around Christmas.
• The ocean warming and the atmospheric Southern Oscillation are two halves of one system, together called ENSO (El Niño–Southern Oscillation).
• The Southern Oscillation, identified by Sir Gilbert Walker, is the see-saw of air pressure between Tahiti in the eastern Pacific and Darwin, Australia in the west.
• During El Niño the trade winds weaken, warm water piles up in the east, and the cold nutrient-rich upwelling off Peru is suppressed, wrecking the anchovy fishery.
• For India, El Niño usually means a weak southwest monsoon and deficient rainfall; La Niña, the opposite cooling phase, usually means a good monsoon.
• Intensity is tracked by the Niño 3.4 index and the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI).
• The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), identified in 1999, is the Indian Ocean counterpart; a positive IOD strengthens the Indian monsoon.
Do not mix these up
• El Niño vs La Niña — El Niño is the warm phase, La Niña ("the little girl") the cool phase of the same eastern Pacific.
• El Niño vs Southern Oscillation — El Niño is the oceanic part, the Southern Oscillation the atmospheric pressure part, of ENSO.
• El Niño vs IOD — El Niño belongs to the Pacific, the Dipole to the Indian Ocean, and a positive IOD can offset an El Niño year.
Also asked from this topic: the phenomenon of Pacific warming with deficient Indian rainfall (El Niño); the meaning of the Southern Oscillation (periodic pressure changes over the two oceans).
RRB Group D 2025-26 – 25 August 2026 Shift 1 · Insolation and heat budget

Q4. A physical geographer compares two coastal cities: one at the equator and one near the poles. Both receive the same duration of sunlight in a day. The reason the equatorial city remains warmer is:

  1. (a) Sunlight at the equator is more direct, concentrating energy
  2. (b) Surface reflection is higher at the equator, keeping it warmer
  3. (c) Both cities have similar temperatures due to equal sunlight duration
  4. (d) The polar city absorbs less sunlight due to water proximity
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Sunlight at the equator is more direct, concentrating energy

Correct Answer:
Correct Answer: Option 1 – Sunlight at the equator is more direct, concentrating energy
Explanation:
At the equator, sunlight strikes the surface at a nearly90° angle, so its energy is concentrated over a small area. Near the poles, the same amount of sunlight is spread over a much larger area because it strikes at a low, slanting angle. Even with equal duration of sunlight, the equatorial region receives more concentrated (intense) energy per unit area, making it warmer.
Important Facts:
• Angle of incidence, not just duration, determines intensity of solar heating.
• This is why polar regions remain cold despite long summer days.
• Curvature of the Earth causes this variation in angle of incidence with latitude.
RRB Group D 2025-26 – 25 August 2026 Shift 1 · Planetary, seasonal and local winds

Q5. An ecologist analyzes wind patterns and concludes they originate from the equator toward the poles. The underlying principle for this observation is:

  1. (a) Ocean salinity differences push air masses north and south
  2. (b) Earth’s magnetic field directs winds from equator to poles
  3. (c) Temperature gradients caused by uneven solar heating drive winds
  4. (d) Tidal forces move atmospheric currents globally
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Temperature gradients caused by uneven solar heating drive winds

Correct Answer:
Correct Answer: Option 3 – Temperature gradients caused by uneven solar heating drive winds
Explanation:
The equator receives more direct and intense solar heating than the poles, creating atemperature (and pressure) gradient. Warm air at the equator rises and low pressure forms, while cooler, denser air at the poles sinks creating high pressure. Air moves from high pressure to low pressure, generating large-scale wind patterns flowing from the poles toward the equator at the surface (and the reverse aloft), driven fundamentally by uneven solar heating.
Important Facts:
• This uneven heating is the basis of global atmospheric circulation cells (Hadley, Ferrel, Polar cells).
• Ocean salinity and Earth's magnetic field do not drive large-scale wind patterns.
• The Coriolis effect (due to Earth's rotation) further deflects these winds.
RRB Group D 2025-26 – 25 August 2026 Shift 2 · Planetary, seasonal and local winds

Q6. During a field study, students notice that air flows from the valley floor up to the slopes every noon. Which atmospheric condition causes this pattern?

  1. (a) Uneven heating of mountain slopes
  2. (b) Uniform heating of the valley floor
  3. (c) Sudden rainfall in the valley
  4. (d) Rotation of the Earth
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Uneven heating of mountain slopes

Correct Answer:
Correct Answer: Option 1 – Uneven heating of mountain slopes
Explanation:
This describes the formation of avalley breeze. During the day (especially around noon), the mountain slopes get heated more intensely and rapidly by the sun than the air over the valley floor (uneven heating due to differing exposure/angle to sunlight). The heated air over the slopes rises, creating lower pressure there, so cooler air from the valley floor flows upward along the slopes to replace it — producing a wind that blows from the valley towards the slopes.
RRB Group D 2025-26 – 25 August 2026 Shift 3 · Planetary, seasonal and local winds

Q7. A climate scientist puts sensors on the valley floor and on the slopes. During the day, the sensors on the slopes show higher temperatures and more wind blowing up from the valley. Which phenomenon does this indicate?

  1. (a) Land breeze from nearby plains
  2. (b) Nighttime mountain breeze after cooling
  3. (c) Daytime valley breeze due to slope heating
  4. (d) Sea breeze from distant water bodies
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Daytime valley breeze due to slope heating

Correct Answer:
Correct Answer: Option 3 – Daytime valley breeze due to slope heating
Explanation:
During the day, mountain slopes heat up faster than the valley floor, warming the air near the slopes. This warm air rises along the slope, drawing air upward from the valley — this upslope wind is called a valley breeze (anabatic wind), and it occurs during the day, matching the scenario described.
Important Facts:
• At night, the reverse happens: slopes cool faster, and cold, dense air flows down into the valley — this is called a mountain breeze (katabatic wind).
• Land and sea breezes are a different phenomenon related to coastal areas, not mountain-valley systems.
RRB Group D 2025-26 – 21 August 2026 Shift 1 · Insolation and heat budget

Q8. A technician is designing a solar power plant in central India. Understanding the value of the solar constant is necessary for planning the plant’s capacity as:

  1. (a) It indicates energy available before atmospheric loss
  2. (b) It gives maximum possible temperature
  3. (c) It measures sunlight duration
  4. (d) It shows only atmospheric absorption
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) It indicates energy available before atmospheric loss

Explanation:
The solar constant is the amount of solar radiant energy received per unit area per unit time on a surface perpendicular to the sun's rays, measured just outside Earth's atmosphere (i.e., before any atmospheric absorption/scattering losses). It represents the maximum available solar energy input, which is the starting point for estimating usable solar power after accounting for atmospheric and other losses.
Correct Answer: Option 1 – It indicates energy available before atmospheric loss
RRB Group D 2025-26 – 13 August 2026 Shift 3 · Planetary, seasonal and local winds

Q9. A weather report for a Himalayan town mentions wind direction reversal every evening, affecting local farming. Which atmospheric phenomenon is primarily responsible for this reversal?

  1. (a) Movement of global wind belts
  2. (b) Onset of monsoon winds
  3. (c) Constant high-pressure wind flow
  4. (d) Daily cycle of valley and mountain breezes
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Daily cycle of valley and mountain breezes

Answer: Option 4 – Daily cycle of valley and mountain breezes.
• Evening wind reversal in hilly areas is due to thevalley and mountain breezecycle.
RRB Group D 2025-26 – 11 August 2026 Shift 2 · Planetary, seasonal and local winds

Q10. A physician in a hilly village notices that bedrooms near the mountain base feel cooler at night. Which atmospheric process best explains this observation?

  1. (a) Cool air moving as land breeze
  2. (b) Cold air descending as mountain breeze
  3. (c) Warm air rising as valley breeze
  4. (d) Moist air flowing as sea breeze
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Cold air descending as mountain breeze

Answer: Option 2 – Cold air descending as mountain breeze.
• At night, cool dense air flows down the slopes (mountain breeze), making the valley base cooler.
RRB Group D 2025-26 – 10 August 2026 Shift 1 · Composition and layers of the atmosphere

Q11. A weather balloon rises from sea level to 15 km altitude. The point of the temperature reverse from decreasing to increasing, and reason for this change is:

  1. (a) At the base of the mesosphere due to air pressure changes
  2. (b) At the midpoint of the troposphere due to nitrogen distribution
  3. (c) At the start of the stratosphere due to ozone absorption of UV
  4. (d) At the top of the troposphere due to greenhouse gases
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) At the start of the stratosphere due to ozone absorption of UV

Answer: Option 3 — At the start of the stratosphere due to ozone absorption of UV
Temperature stops falling and rises at thestratosphere, where ozone absorbs UV → Option 3.
RRB Group D 2025-26 – 10 August 2026 Shift 3 · Pressure belts

Q12. A researcher collects air samples from 90° North latitude and finds a persistent high-pressure system. The underlying process that explains this observation is:

  1. (a) Surface flow from equatorial regions
  2. (b) Convergence at sub-tropical latitudes
  3. (c) Rising of warm air from the surface
  4. (d) Sinking of cold, dense air in polar regions
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Sinking of cold, dense air in polar regions

Answer: Option 4 – Sinking of cold, dense air in polar regions.
• At the poles, cold dense airsinks, creating a persistenthigh-pressure(polar high) system.
RRB Group D 2025-26 – 9 August 2026 Shift 3 · Planetary, seasonal and local winds

Q13. An environmental scientist observes that global winds move from the equator towards the poles. Which process best accounts for this pattern?

  1. (a) Ocean currents transfer heat faster than air masses
  2. (b) Earth’s rotation reverses wind direction at the equator
  3. (c) Uneven heating creates temperature differences between latitudes
  4. (d) Precipitation levels determine wind directions
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Uneven heating creates temperature differences between latitudes

Answer: Option 3 — Uneven heating creates temperature differences between latitudes
Global winds arise fromuneven solar heatingacross latitudes → Option 3.
RRB Group D 2025-26 – 5 August 2026 Shift 1 · Pressure belts

Q14. A meteorological station near 60° South detects winds converging and rising. The most likely consequence of this pattern in terms of pressure is:

  1. (a) Development of a high pressure zone
  2. (b) Creation of a sub-tropical high pressure belt
  3. (c) Formation of a sub-polar low pressure belt
  4. (d) Establishment of an equatorial low pressure zone
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Formation of a sub-polar low pressure belt

Answer: Option 3 — Formation of a sub-polar low pressure belt
Near 60° latitude, rising, converging air creates thesub-polar low pressure belt→ Option 3.
RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2025-26 – 18 June 2026 Shift 1 · Pressure belts

Q15. Which of the following does NOT influence the horizontal distribution of air pressure?

  1. (a) Presence of water vapour
  2. (b) Air temperature
  3. (c) Ocean salinity
  4. (d) Earth’s rotation
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Ocean salinity

Topic:Factors affecting horizontal air pressure distribution
Factors that influence horizontal air pressure:
1. Air temperature - Warm air rises (low pressure), cold air sinks (high pressure)
2. Water vapour - Moist air is lighter than dry air, affects pressure
3. Earth's rotation - Creates pressure belts and wind patterns (Coriolis effect)
Ocean salinityaffects water density and ocean currents, NOT air pressure.
It is a property of water bodies, not atmospheric conditions.
Answer: Option 3 → Ocean salinity
RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2025-26 – 18 June 2026 Shift 1 · Climate classification and climatic regions

Q16. Which of the following statements is true regarding the Marine West Coast Climate (Cfb) as per Koeppen's scheme of classification of climate?

  1. (a) It receives less than 20 cm of rainfall annually.
  2. (b) It has a pronounced dry season in summer.
  3. (c) It is found in the interiors of continents far from the coast.
  4. (d) It experiences small daily and annual temperature ranges due to oceanic influence.
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) It experiences small daily and annual temperature ranges due to oceanic influence.

Topic: Marine West Coast Climate (Cfb) - Koeppen Classification
Key Characteristics of Cfb Climate:
• Located on western coasts (40°-60° latitude)
• Strong oceanic influence moderates temperatures
• Receives abundant rainfall (75-150 cm annually)
• No dry season - rainfall throughout the year
• Cool summers and mild winters
Analysis of Options:
Option 1: False - receives 75-150 cm rainfall
Option 2: False - no pronounced dry season
Option 3: False - found on coastal areas, not interiors
Option 4: True - oceanic influence creates small temperature ranges
RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2025-26 – 17 June 2026 Shift 1 · Cyclones (tropical and temperate)

Q17. Tropical cyclones form mainly due to:

  1. (a) Rising continental winds
  2. (b) Low-pressure systems over warm ocean water
  3. (c) Fast-moving cold fronts
  4. (d) High-pressure systems over land
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Low-pressure systems over warm ocean water

Tropical Cyclones Formation
Key Requirements:
• Warm ocean water (>26°C) provides heat and moisture
• Low-pressure area forms over ocean surface
• Warm moist air rises, creating updrafts
• Coriolis effect causes rotation
Continental winds, cold fronts, and high-pressure systems
do not provide necessary conditions for cyclone formation.
Answer: Option 2 → Low-pressure systems over warm ocean water
RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2025-26 – 16 June 2026 Shift 2 · Pressure belts

Q18. Which statement accurately explains the nature of the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)?

  1. (a) It forms a cold frontal region near the Himalayan ranges.
  2. (b) It is an equatorial low-pressure belt where trade winds meet.
  3. (c) It marks a westerly wind system close to the Tropic of Capricorn.
  4. (d) It represents a zone of high pressure located near the poles.
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) It is an equatorial low-pressure belt where trade winds meet.

Topic: Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)
ITCZ is alow-pressure beltnear the equator where trade winds from both hemispheres converge.
Northeast trade winds (Northern Hemisphere) and Southeast trade winds (Southern Hemisphere) meet here.
This convergence causes rising air, cloud formation, and heavy rainfall.
ITCZ shifts seasonally - moves north in summer and south in winter, influencing monsoons.
Answer: Option 2 → It is an equatorial low-pressure belt where trade winds meet.
RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2025-26 – 13 June 2026 Shift 2 · Climate change and global warming

Q19. Which of the following is listed as an effect of global warming?

  1. (a) Permanent cooling of ocean surface waters
  2. (b) Decrease in sea levels worldwide
  3. (c) Reduction in atmospheric temperature
  4. (d) Melting of glaciers and flooding of coastal areas
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Melting of glaciers and flooding of coastal areas

Topic: Effects of Global Warming
Key Effects:
1. Rising global temperatures cause glaciers and polar ice caps to melt
2. Melting ice increases ocean water volume
3. Thermal expansion of warmer ocean water
4. Combined effect leads to rising sea levels and coastal flooding
Other Effects:Extreme weather events, ocean acidification, ecosystem disruption
Options 1, 2, 3 are opposite to actual warming effects
Answer: Option 4 → Melting of glaciers and flooding of coastal areas
SSC GD 2026 – 30 May 2026 Shift 2 · Planetary, seasonal and local winds

Q20. Loo is a ______ and ______ local wind of the northern plains of India.

  1. (a) Hot, Dry
  2. (b) Cold, Dry
  3. (c) Hot, Humid
  4. (d) Cold, Humid
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Hot, Dry

Correct Answer: Hot, Dry (Option 1)
Loo is a strong, hot, and dry wind that blows across the northern plains of India, particularly over the Indo-Gangetic plain, during the summer months of May and June. It originates from the Thar Desert (Rajasthan) and can cause heat strokes. Temperatures during Loo can exceed 45°C.
Why others are wrong:
- Cold, Dry: Loo is a hot wind, not cold.
- Hot, Humid: Loo is characteristically dry, not humid.
- Cold, Humid: Loo is neither cold nor humid.
SSC GD 2026 – 26 May 2026 Shift 3 · Climate classification and climatic regions

Q21. Which of the following factors control(s) the climate of a place?
I. Ocean currents
II. Relief features (topography)

  1. (a) Only I
  2. (b) Only II
  3. (c) Both I and II
  4. (d) Neither I nor II
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Both I and II

Correct Answer: Both I and II — Option (c)
Both ocean currents (Statement I) and relief features/topography (Statement II) control the climate of a place. About Climate Controls: Climate is the average weather conditions of a place over a long period (30 years). Climate is controlled by multiple factors: Statement I — Ocean Currents: Ocean currents significantly influence climate; Warm currents (e.g., Gulf Stream, North Atlantic Drift): Moderate the climate of coastal regions; Make coastal areas warmer than their latitude would suggest; Increase humidity and precipitation; Cold currents (e.g., Labrador Current, Benguela Current, California Current): Make coastal regions cooler and drier; Contribute to fog formation; Examples: British Isles have mild climate due to North Atlantic Drift (warm current); Peru coast is dry despite being tropical — due to cold Humboldt/Peru Current; Western coast of continents in tropics are dry due to cold currents; Statement II — Relief Features (Topography): Mountains, hills, and topographic features profoundly affect climate; Altitude: Temperature decreases with altitude (6.5°C per 1000 m on average); Height creates cooler climates — mountains are cooler than plains; Orographic Rainfall: Windward slopes receive heavy rainfall (moist air rises, cools, condenses); Leeward slopes are in 'rain shadow' — dry conditions; e.g., Western Ghats — Windward side (Kerala/coastal Karnataka) gets heavy rainfall; Leeward side (Deccan Plateau) is relatively dry; Barrier effect: Mountains act as barriers to winds; Himalayas prevent cold Arctic winds from entering India; Himalayan barrier keeps South Asian climate warmer than it would otherwise be.
Option (a) Only I — Incorrect: Ocean currents DO control climate (Statement I is correct), but Relief features (Statement II) also significantly control climate through altitude effects, orographic rainfall, and barrier effects — it is incorrect to say 'Only I'; both I and II are climate controls. The candidate selected this incorrect option.
Option (b) Only II — Incorrect: Relief features DO control climate (Statement II is correct), but ocean currents (Statement I) also significantly control coastal climate through their warming or cooling effects — it is incorrect to say 'Only II'; both I and II are climate controls.
Option (d) Neither I nor II — Incorrect: BOTH ocean currents AND relief features are well-established and significant climate controls; neither can be excluded from the list of factors controlling a place's climate; the correct answer is 'Both I and II.'
SSC GD 2026 – 22 May 2026 Shift 1 · Pressure belts

Q22. Which pressure belt is described below? 'This pressure belt is found between 30°N to 35°N latitude and is also known as Horse Latitudes.'

  1. (a) Equatorial Low Pressure Belt
  2. (b) Subtropical High Pressure Belt
  3. (c) Sub-polar Low Pressure Belt
  4. (d) Polar High Pressure Belt
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Subtropical High Pressure Belt

Correct Answer: Subtropical High Pressure Belt — Option (b)
The pressure belt found between 30°N to 35°N latitude (and similarly around 30°S to 35°S in the southern hemisphere) is the Subtropical High Pressure Belt, also known as the Horse Latitudes. Distribution of atmospheric pressure belts on Earth: Equatorial Low Pressure Belt (0° to 5° N/S): Also called Doldrums; formed by intense solar heating causing air to rise; calm, warm, humid; Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ); Subtropical High Pressure Belt (25°-35° N/S): Horse Latitudes; sinking air (subsidence) from high altitudes creates high pressure; calm, hot, dry conditions; origin of trade winds (blowing toward equator) and westerlies (blowing poleward); Sub-polar Low Pressure Belt (60°-65° N/S): Convergence zone where cold polar air and warm temperate air meet; associated with cyclones and depressions; Polar High Pressure Belt (80°-90° N/S): Extremely cold, dense, sinking air creates high pressure; origin of polar easterlies; Why 'Horse Latitudes'? According to historical legend, when sailing ships carrying horses were becalmed in these latitudes (no wind), sailors were forced to throw horses overboard to conserve drinking water; Characteristics: High pressure, descending dry air, very little precipitation, desert regions often found here (Sahara, Arabian Desert, etc.).
Option (a) Equatorial Low Pressure Belt — Incorrect: The Equatorial Low Pressure Belt (Doldrums) is found near the equator (0°-5° N/S) — NOT at 30°-35° N/S; it is a low pressure belt (not high pressure) characterized by calm, hot, humid conditions and rising air. The candidate selected this incorrect option.
Option (c) Sub-polar Low Pressure Belt — Incorrect: The Sub-polar Low Pressure Belt is found at 60°-65° N/S latitudes — NOT at 30°-35° N/S; it is also a low pressure belt (not high pressure) where polar and temperate air masses meet.
Option (d) Polar High Pressure Belt — Incorrect: The Polar High Pressure Belt is found near the poles (around 80°-90° N/S) — NOT at 30°-35° N/S; it is formed by extremely cold, dense, sinking air at the poles; the 30°-35° belt is the Subtropical High Pressure Belt.
SSC GD 2026 – 21 May 2026 Shift 2 · Cyclones (tropical and temperate)

Q23. Which cyclone affected Odisha and West Bengal in October 2024?

  1. (a) Yaas
  2. (b) Gulab
  3. (c) Dana
  4. (d) Shaheen
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Dana

Correct Answer: Dana — Option (c)
Cyclone Dana struck Odisha and West Bengal in October 2024. Key facts about Cyclone Dana: Cyclone Dana was a severe cyclonic storm that made landfall on the Odisha coast (near Bhitarkanika and Kendrapara areas) in the night of October 24-25, 2024; It was a significant storm that caused widespread destruction in coastal Odisha and parts of West Bengal; Naming: Cyclone names in the North Indian Ocean are assigned by the India Meteorological Department (IMD) following a roster of names provided by member countries of WMO/ESCAP; 'Dana' was assigned by Qatar; Impact: Heavy rainfall, strong winds, flooding in coastal districts of Odisha ( Kendrapara , Bhadrak, Balasore, Puri) and West Bengal; large-scale evacuation of coastal populations; damage to crops, infrastructure, and homes; Response: Massive pre-emptive evacuation was carried out by the Odisha government (which is known for its effective disaster management); NDRF, ODRAF, Coast Guard, and Navy deployed; IMD issued timely warnings.
Option (a) Yaas — Incorrect: Cyclone Yaas made landfall in Odisha and West Bengal in May 2021 (not October 2024); it was a very severe cyclonic storm that struck near Balasore/ Dhamara on May 26, 2021.
Option (b) Gulab — Incorrect: Cyclone Gulab made landfall on the Andhra Pradesh-Odisha border in September 2021 (not October 2024); it struck near Kalingapatnam ; it was named by Pakistan.
Option (d) Shaheen — Incorrect: Cyclone Shaheen affected Oman and Pakistan in October 2021 (not Odisha/West Bengal in October 2024); Dana is the correct answer for the October 2024 cyclone that struck Odisha and West Bengal.
SSC GD 2026 – 9 May 2026 Shift 3 · Composition and layers of the atmosphere

Q24. What is the approximate percentage of Argon present in air?

  1. (a) 0.03%
  2. (b) 0.93%
  3. (c) 21%
  4. (d) 78%
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) 0.93%

Correct Answer: 0.93% — Option (b)
Argon ( Ar ) constitutes approximately 0.93% of the Earth's atmosphere by volume. The approximate composition of dry air is: Nitrogen (N₂) — 78.09%; Oxygen (O₂) — 20.95%; Argon ( Ar ) — 0.93%; Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) — 0.04%; and trace amounts of other noble gases (Neon, Helium, Krypton, Xenon), Hydrogen, and Methane. Argon is the most abundant noble gas in the atmosphere and is used in welding, electric light bulbs, and as an inert atmosphere in various industrial processes.
Option (a) 0.03% — Incorrect: 0.03% (or approximately 0.04%) is the percentage of Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) in the atmosphere, not Argon.
Option (c) 21% — Incorrect: 21% is the approximate percentage of Oxygen (O₂) in the atmosphere, not Argon.
Option (d) 78% — Incorrect: 78% is the approximate percentage of Nitrogen (N₂) in the atmosphere — the most abundant gas in air.
RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2025-26 – 9 May 2026 Shift 1 · Planetary, seasonal and local winds

Q25. Which season in India is characterised by hot, dry winds known as ‘Loo’?

  1. (a) Pre-monsoon showers
  2. (b) Retreating monsoon
  3. (c) Summer season
  4. (d) Cold weather season
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Summer season

Topic: Indian Seasons and Climate
Loo- Strong, hot, dry westerly winds
Characteristics:
Blows across North and Northwest India
Occurs duringMay-June(peak summer)
Temperature can reach 45-50°C
Causes heat strokes and dehydration
Answer: Option 3 → Summer season
SSC GD 2026 – 8 May 2026 Shift 2 · Humidity, clouds and precipitation

Q26. Water in air is measured as _____.

  1. (a) Humidity
  2. (b) Density
  3. (c) Temperature
  4. (d) Pressure
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Humidity

Correct Answer: Humidity — Option (a)
Humidity is the measure of water vapour (water in gaseous form) present in the air. It is expressed in two ways: Absolute Humidity (mass of water vapour per unit volume of air) and Relative Humidity (ratio of actual water vapour to the maximum possible water vapour at that temperature, expressed as a percentage). Humidity is measured using a hygrometer or psychrometer.
Option (b) Density — Incorrect: Density measures mass per unit volume of a substance; it does not specifically measure water in air.
Option (c) Temperature — Incorrect: Temperature measures the degree of hotness or coldness; it does not measure water content in air.
Option (d) Pressure — Incorrect: Pressure measures force per unit area; atmospheric pressure is not a measure of water content in air.
RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2025-26 – 8 May 2026 Shift 3 · Climate classification and climatic regions

Q27. Which of the following climatic regions has permafrost soil and low vegetation like mosses and lichens?

  1. (a) Aw – Tropical wet and dry climate
  2. (b) Cfb – Marine west coast climate
  3. (c) BSh – Subtropical steppe climate
  4. (d) ET – Tundra climate
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) ET – Tundra climate

Topic: Climatic Regions and Vegetation
Permafrost soil= permanently frozen subsoil layer
Low vegetation= mosses, lichens, dwarf shrubs
ET – Tundra climate:
Found in polar regions (Arctic, Antarctic)
Temperature remains below 10°C in warmest month
Permafrost prevents deep-rooted plants
Only mosses, lichens, and low shrubs survive
Other options: Aw (tropical savanna), Cfb (temperate oceanic), BSh (semi-arid) lack permafrost
Answer: Option 4 → ET – Tundra climate
RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2025-26 – 8 May 2026 Shift 3 · Climate classification and climatic regions

Q28. Which of the following is a correct match of a climate type with its vegetation or features as per Koeppen's scheme of classification of climate?

  1. (a) Aw – Deciduous forests and tree-shredded grasslands
  2. (b) BWh – Dense evergreen canopy
  3. (c) Cfa – Cold desert and permafrost
  4. (d) ET – Tropical rainforest
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Aw – Deciduous forests and tree-shredded grasslands

Koeppen's Climate Classification
Aw Climate:Tropical Savanna (Wet-Dry)
Features: Distinct wet and dry seasons
Vegetation: Deciduous forests and tree-studded grasslands
Example: Parts of India, Africa, South America
Other Options Analysis:
BWh → Hot Desert (sparse vegetation, not dense canopy)
Cfa → Humid Subtropical (mild winters, not cold desert)
ET → Tundra (mosses/lichens, not tropical rainforest)
Answer: Option 1 → Aw – Deciduous forests and tree-shredded grasslands
SSC GD 2026 – 7 May 2026 Shift 3 · Humidity, clouds and precipitation

Q29. Which of the following is the primary source of water vapour in the atmosphere?

  1. (a) Evaporation from oceans
  2. (b) Combustion
  3. (c) Photosynthesis
  4. (d) Industrial smoke
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Evaporation from oceans

Correct Answer: Evaporation from oceans — Option (a)
The primary source of water vapour in the atmosphere is evaporation from oceans. Oceans cover approximately 71% of Earth's surface and are the dominant source of atmospheric moisture. Solar radiation heats the ocean surface, causing water molecules to evaporate and enter the atmosphere as water vapour . This process is part of the hydrological (water) cycle. Oceans contribute approximately 86% of global evaporation, with the remaining 14% coming from land surfaces, lakes, rivers, transpiration from plants, etc.
Option (b) Combustion — Incorrect: While combustion (burning of fuels) does produce water vapour as a byproduct (e.g., H₂ + O₂ → H₂O), its contribution to atmospheric water vapour is negligible compared to oceanic evaporation.
Option (c) Photosynthesis — Incorrect: Photosynthesis uses water (rather than producing it as a net atmospheric source); transpiration from plants adds some moisture, but this is far less than oceanic evaporation.
Option (d) Industrial smoke — Incorrect: Industrial emissions add pollutants and some moisture to the atmosphere, but this is an insignificant source of water vapour compared to evaporation from oceans.
SSC GD 2026 – 29 April 2026 Shift 1 · Climate change and global warming

Q30. In the Milankovitch cycle of 41,000 years, Earth's axial tilt varies between 22.1° and 24.5°. How does this change affect the Earth?

  1. (a) Greater tilt leads to increase in seasonal contrasts
  2. (b) Change in tilt alters orbital speed
  3. (c) Change in tilt affects the magnetic field
  4. (d) No effect
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Greater tilt leads to increase in seasonal contrasts

Correct Answer: Greater tilt leads to increase in seasonal contrasts — Option (a)
The Milankovitch cycles are periodic variations in Earth's orbit and axial orientation that affect the amount and distribution of solar radiation reaching Earth. The axial tilt (obliquity) cycle of approximately 41,000 years involves Earth's axial tilt varying between 22.1° and 24.5°. Effect of greater axial tilt: When Earth's axial tilt is greater (closer to 24.5°), the polar regions receive more direct sunlight in summer and less in winter, leading to more intense seasonal contrasts — hotter summers and colder winters; When Earth's axial tilt is smaller (closer to 22.1°), the seasonal differences are less extreme — milder summers and less severe winters. The three Milankovitch cycles are: Eccentricity (shape of Earth's orbit, ~100,000-year cycle), Obliquity/Axial Tilt (41,000-year cycle), and Precession (wobble of Earth's axis, ~26,000-year cycle). These cycles influence long-term climate patterns, including ice ages.
Option (b) Change in tilt alters orbital speed — Incorrect: Axial tilt changes do not affect Earth's orbital speed; orbital speed is related to Earth's distance from the Sun (as per Kepler's Second Law — Earth moves faster when closer to the Sun), not to its axial tilt.
Option (c) Change in tilt affects the magnetic field — Incorrect: Earth's axial tilt and its magnetic field are unrelated phenomena; Earth's magnetic field is generated by the geodynamo (movement of molten iron in the outer core) and is affected by geomagnetic reversals, not by the Milankovitch axial tilt cycle.
Option (d) No effect — Incorrect: Changes in Earth's axial tilt have a significant effect on the distribution of solar radiation between seasons and latitudes, directly influencing seasonal contrasts and long-term climate patterns including ice ages.
RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2025-26 – 25 March 2026 Shift 2 · Climate classification and climatic regions

Q31. Which Koppen climate subtype is identified by a short wet season and long, severe dry period?

  1. (a) BSh climate subtype
  2. (b) Aw climate subtype
  3. (c) Am climate subtype
  4. (d) Af climate subtype
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Aw climate subtype

Topic: Koppen Climate Classification
Aw Climate (Tropical Savanna):
- Short wet season (summer monsoon)
- Long, severe dry period (winter)
- Found in tropical regions with distinct seasons
- Example: Parts of India, Africa, South America
Other Options:
BSh = Hot semi-arid (steppe)
Am = Tropical monsoon (no severe dry period)
Af = Tropical rainforest (no dry season)
Answer: Option 2 → Aw climate subtype
RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2025-26 – 22 March 2026 Shift 3 · Climate classification and climatic regions

Q32. Which of the following best explains the difference between weather and climate?

  1. (a) Weather is permanent in nature; climate is temporary in nature
  2. (b) Weather refers to long-term trends; climate refers to short-term changes
  3. (c) Weather and climate mean exactly the same phenomenon
  4. (d) Weather refers to short-term changes; climate refers to long-term patterns
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Weather refers to short-term changes; climate refers to long-term patterns

Topic: Weather vs Climate
Weather:Short-term atmospheric conditions (hours to days)
Examples: Today's rain, temperature, wind
Climate:Long-term average weather patterns (30+ years)
Examples: Tropical climate, monsoon pattern
Key difference: Time scale - weather is temporary, climate is permanent pattern
Answer: Option 4 → Weather refers to short-term changes; climate refers to long-term patterns
RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2025-26 – 19 March 2026 Shift 3 · El Nino, La Nina and IOD

Q33. A rise in the sea surface temperature in the Pacific Ocean accompanied by deficient rainfall in India is associated with which of the following phenomena?

  1. (a) Chi Nina
  2. (b) Pro Nino
  3. (c) Sa Nina
  4. (d) El Nino
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) El Nino

Topic: Ocean-Atmosphere Phenomena
El Niño:Warming of sea surface temperature in central and eastern Pacific Ocean.
Associated with weakening of trade winds and suppression of Indian monsoon.
Leads todeficient rainfall in Indiaand drought conditions.
La Niña(opposite): Cooling of Pacific waters, causes excess rainfall in India.
Answer: Option 4 → El Nino
RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2025-26 – 18 March 2026 Shift 3 · Climate classification and climatic regions

Q34. In climatology, what most accurately explains how seasonal conditions are experienced at a particular location?

  1. (a) Long-term average atmospheric patterns of the region
  2. (b) Latitudinal position of the place
  3. (c) Short-term fluctuations in atmospheric elements
  4. (d) Permanent climatic classification of the area
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Long-term average atmospheric patterns of the region

Key Concept:Seasons are determined by long-term atmospheric patterns, not short-term weather changes.
Analysis:
• Seasonal conditions = recurring weather patterns over years
• Based on temperature, rainfall, wind patterns averaged over 30+ years
• Latitude affects climate but doesn't explain seasonal variations alone
• Short-term fluctuations = weather, not seasonal patterns
Conclusion:Long-term average atmospheric patterns define seasonal characteristics of any location.
Answer: Option 1 → Long-term average atmospheric patterns of the region
RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2025-26 – 18 March 2026 Shift 3 · Climate classification and climatic regions

Q35. The tropical climatic region is mainly confined to which latitudinal extent of the Earth?

  1. (a) 23.5°N and 23.5°S
  2. (b) 30.5°N and 30.5°S
  3. (c) 13.5°N and 13.5°S
  4. (d) 28.5°N and 28.5°S
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) 23.5°N and 23.5°S

The tropical region lies between theTropic of Cancer(23.5°N) and theTropic of Capricorn(23.5°S).
This zone receivesdirect sunlightthroughout the year, resulting in high temperatures and tropical climate.
The Sun is directly overhead at least once a year within these latitudes.
Answer: Option 1 → 23.5°N and 23.5°S
RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2025-26 – 17 March 2026 Shift 1 · Climate classification and climatic regions

Q36. Which U.S. state experiences a Mediterranean climate that supports the cultivation of fruits, vegetables, and vineyards?

  1. (a) Alaska
  2. (b) Florida
  3. (c) Texas
  4. (d) California
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) California

Mediterranean Climate Characteristics:
Warm, dry summers and mild, wet winters
Key Facts:
California has Mediterranean climate zones
Ideal for grapes, citrus, olives, vegetables
Central Valley and coastal regions support agriculture
Other states: Alaska (cold), Florida (tropical),
Texas (varied but mostly hot/arid)
Answer: Option 4 → California
RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2025-26 – 17 March 2026 Shift 1 · Temperature distribution and inversion

Q37. Which of the following factors causes Ooty to have cooler summers than Coimbatore, even though both are located at nearly the same latitude?

  1. (a) Coimbatore receives less solar radiation during the year
  2. (b) Ooty is located closer to the sea, while Coimbatore is inland
  3. (c) Ooty is influenced by cold desert winds from the north
  4. (d) Ooty is situated at a higher altitude, leading to lower temperatures
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Ooty is situated at a higher altitude, leading to lower temperatures

Key Factor: Temperature decreases with increase in altitude
Rate: Approximately 6.5°C per 1000m (normal lapse rate)
Ooty: Located at ~2,240m altitude in Nilgiri Hills
Coimbatore: Located at ~400m altitude in plains
Higher altitude → Lower air pressure → Lower temperature
This explains cooler summers in Ooty despite same latitude .
Answer: Option 4 → Ooty is situated at a higher altitude, leading to lower temperatures .
RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2025-26 – 17 March 2026 Shift 2 · Cyclones (tropical and temperate)

Q38. What is the principal destructive force of tropical cyclones on coastlines?

  1. (a) Continuous rainfall
  2. (b) High temperature
  3. (c) Storm surge
  4. (d) Low atmospheric pressure
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Storm surge

Storm Surgeis the abnormal rise of seawater above normal tide level.
Caused by strong cyclonic winds pushing ocean water toward coast.
Can raise sea level by 3-10 meters, causing massive flooding and destruction.
Most deaths and damage in coastal areas occur due to storm surge.
Answer: Option 3 → Storm surge
RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2025-26 – 16 March 2026 Shift 2 · Planetary, seasonal and local winds

Q39. Which of the following apparent forces, caused by Earth’s rotation, deflects winds to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere?

  1. (a) Coriolis force
  2. (b) Frictional force
  3. (c) Pressure gradient force
  4. (d) Gravitational force
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Coriolis force

The Coriolis force is an apparent (pseudo) force caused by Earth's rotation.
It deflects moving objects (including winds) due to Earth spinning on its axis.
Effect on winds:
• Northern Hemisphere → winds deflect to the RIGHT.
• Southern Hemisphere → winds deflect to the LEFT.
This causes:
• Cyclones rotate anticlockwise in Northern Hemisphere.
• Cyclones rotate clockwise in Southern Hemisphere.
• Trade winds, Westerlies, Jet streams are all influenced by Coriolis force.
Named after: French mathematician Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis (1835).
Answer: Option 1 → Coriolis force
SSC MTS 2025 – 12 February 2026 Shift 1 · Planetary, seasonal and local winds

Q40. Which of the following statement is correct regarding westerlies?
I. It is found between sub-tropical high pressure belt and sub-polar low pressure belt.
II. It is a local wind.

  1. (a) Only I
  2. (b) Only II
  3. (c) Both I and II
  4. (d) Neither I nor II
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Only I

Correct Answer: Option 1 – Only I
Statement I is correct: Westerlies are planetary winds that blow from the sub-tropical high pressure belt (around 30° latitude) towards the sub-polar low pressure belt (around 60° latitude), in both hemispheres.
Statement II is incorrect: Westerlies are not local winds. Local winds are confined to small geographic areas (e.g., Loo, Foehn, Mistral). Westerlies are planetary/permanent winds that blow at a global scale.
SSC MTS 2025 – 12 February 2026 Shift 3 · Composition and layers of the atmosphere

Q41. All the weather phenomena like rainfall, fog and hailstorm occur in _____.

  1. (a) Exosphere
  2. (b) Stratosphere
  3. (c) Mesosphere
  4. (d) Troposphere
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Troposphere

Correct Answer: Option 4 – Troposphere
The Troposphere is the lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere, extending from the surface to about 12 km altitude. It contains about 75% of the total atmospheric mass and almost all water vapour. All weather phenomena — rainfall, fog, hailstorm, thunder, storms — occur in the troposphere because it has the maximum moisture and temperature variations.
Why other options are wrong:
Option 1 (Exosphere): The outermost layer of the atmosphere; contains very little gas and no weather phenomena.
Option 2 (Stratosphere): Contains the ozone layer; very dry and stable — no weather occurs here.
Option 3 (Mesosphere): The layer above the stratosphere; meteorites burn up here but weather phenomena do not occur.
SSC MTS 2025 – 6 February 2026 Shift 3 · Planetary, seasonal and local winds

Q42. The Coriolis force is responsible for deflecting winds towards the right in the northern hemisphere and towards the left in the southern hemisphere, this is known as _____.

  1. (a) Ferrel's Law
  2. (b) Wagner's law
  3. (c) Homes's law
  4. (d) Davis's law
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Ferrel's Law

Correct Answer: 1 (Ferrel's Law)
Ferrel's Law (formulated by William Ferrel in 1856) states that due to the Earth's rotation (Coriolis effect), winds are deflected to the right of their path in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left of their path in the Southern Hemisphere. This applies to all freely moving objects, including winds and ocean currents.
Option 2 (Wagner's law) is incorrect - Wagner's Law is an economic principle related to the growth of public expenditure.
Option 3 (Homes's law) is incorrect - this is not a recognised geographical law.
Option 4 (Davis's law) is incorrect - Davis's Law is related to tissue healing/physiology.
SSC MTS 2025 – 5 February 2026 Shift 1 · Composition and layers of the atmosphere

Q43. The average height of troposphere is _____.

  1. (a) 13 km
  2. (b) 50 km
  3. (c) 85 km
  4. (d) 90 km
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) 13 km

Correct Answer: 13 km
The troposphere is the lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere. Its average height is approximately 13 km (ranging from about 8 km at the poles to 16 km at the equator). It contains about 75% of the atmosphere's mass and almost all weather phenomena occur here.
Why other options are wrong:
50 km - Approximate height of the stratosphere.
85 km - Approximate height of the mesosphere.
90 km - Beyond the mesosphere; near the thermosphere boundary.
SSC MTS 2025 – 5 February 2026 Shift 3 · Composition and layers of the atmosphere

Q44. Ionosphere is a part of _____.

  1. (a) Troposphere
  2. (b) Stratosphere
  3. (c) Thermosphere
  4. (d) Exosphere
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Thermosphere

Correct Answer: Thermosphere
The Ionosphere is a region of Earth's upper atmosphere (approximately 60 km to 1000 km altitude) that is ionised by solar radiation. It overlaps primarily with the Thermosphere (and partly the upper Mesosphere). The Ionosphere is important for radio wave communication as it reflects radio waves back to Earth.
Why other options are wrong:
Troposphere - Lowest layer (0-12 km); contains weather phenomena.
Stratosphere - Second layer (12-50 km); contains the ozone layer.
Exosphere - Outermost layer (above 700 km); beyond the Ionosphere.
SSC MTS 2025 – 5 February 2026 Shift 3 · Composition and layers of the atmosphere

Q45. Which of the following is INCORRECT about Stratosphere?

  1. (a) Stratosphere extends up to a height of 50 km.
  2. (b) It lies below the troposphere.
  3. (c) This layer is almost free from clouds and associated weather phenomenon, making conditions most ideal for flying aero planes.
  4. (d) Ozone layer found in this layer of atmosphere.
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) It lies below the troposphere.

Correct Answer: It lies below the troposphere. (This statement is INCORRECT)
The Stratosphere lies ABOVE the Troposphere, not below it. The correct order of atmospheric layers from ground up is: Troposphere (0-12 km) > Stratosphere (12-50 km) > Mesosphere (50-80 km) > Thermosphere (80-700 km) > Exosphere.
Why other options are CORRECT (and hence not the answer):
Extends up to 50 km - TRUE; stratosphere ranges from ~12 to 50 km.
Almost free from clouds, ideal for flying - TRUE; commercial aircraft fly in the lower stratosphere.
Ozone layer is found here - TRUE; the ozone layer is in the stratosphere (20-35 km).
SSC MTS 2025 – 4 February 2026 Shift 3 · Composition and layers of the atmosphere

Q46. Which of the following layer of atmosphere helps in radio transmission?

  1. (a) Troposphere
  2. (b) Stratosphere
  3. (c) Mesosphere
  4. (d) Thermosphere
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Thermosphere

Correct Answer: Thermosphere
The Thermosphere contains the Ionosphere, which reflects radio waves back to Earth, enabling long-distance radio communication. The ionosphere has layers (D, E, F) that reflect different frequencies of radio waves.
Why other options are wrong:
Troposphere - Contains weather phenomena; does not reflect radio waves.
Stratosphere - Contains the ozone layer; no role in radio reflection.
Mesosphere - Burns up meteors; no significant role in radio transmission.
Delhi Police Head Constable (Ministerial) 2025-26 – 7 January 2026 Shift 2 · Climate change and global warming

Q47. Which of the following statements best describes the Common Carbon Metric (CCM) and its significance in international climate governance and urban sustainability assessments?

  1. (a) The Common Carbon Metric is a voluntary carbon trading mechanism under the Paris Agreement's Article 6, primarily designed for measuring national emissions from the agriculture sector.
  2. (b) Developed by the World Bank, the Common Carbon Metric is a monetary tool to evaluate carbon pricing and determine penalties for non-compliance under the Kyoto Protocol.
  3. (c) The Common Carbon Metric, developed by UNEP and partners, is a standardized methodology for measuring and reporting greenhouse gas emissions from buildings, promoting comparability and transparency in urban carbon accounting.
  4. (d) The Common Carbon Metric is a regional index designed by ASEAN to measure cumulative emissions from transportation and heavy industry in Southeast Asia for inclusion in Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) The Common Carbon Metric, developed by UNEP and partners, is a standardized methodology for measuring and reporting greenhouse gas emissions from buildings, promoting comparability and transparency in urban carbon accounting.

Correct Answer: Option 3 – CCM is a UNEP-developed standardized methodology for GHG emissions from buildings
The Common Carbon Metric (CCM) was developed by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Sustainable Buildings and Climate Initiative (SBCI), along with partners. It is a standardized methodology specifically designed to measure and report greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from building operations. Its purpose is to promote comparability and transparency in urban carbon accounting — enabling cities and countries to consistently track and reduce building-related emissions.
Why other options are wrong:
Option 1 (Paris Agreement Article 6 / agriculture): The CCM is not a carbon trading mechanism and is not focused on agriculture emissions.
Option 2 (World Bank / Kyoto Protocol): The CCM was developed by UNEP, not the World Bank. It is not a monetary penalty tool under the Kyoto Protocol.
Option 4 (ASEAN regional index for transport/industry): The CCM is global, not regional, and focuses on buildings — not transportation or heavy industry.
Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 6 January 2026 Shift 1 · Cyclones (tropical and temperate)

Q48. Cyclone 'Hamoon', which formed in October 2023 soon after 'Tej', developed in which sea?

  1. (a) Arabian Sea
  2. (b) Bay of Bengal
  3. (c) Caspian Sea
  4. (d) Red Sea
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Bay of Bengal

The correct answer is (b) Bay of Bengal.
Cyclone Hamoon formed in the Bay of Bengal in October 2023, shortly after Cyclone Tej had formed in the Arabian Sea. Hamoon made landfall in Bangladesh in October 2023. The Bay of Bengal is more cyclone-prone than the Arabian Sea and typically accounts for about 70% of tropical cyclones in the North Indian Ocean.
(a) Arabian Sea: Cyclone Tej formed in the Arabian Sea around the same time (October 2023); Hamoon was in the Bay of Bengal.
(c) Caspian Sea: A landlocked water body between Europe and Asia; tropical cyclones cannot form here as it does not have sufficient tropical conditions.
(d) Red Sea: A narrow sea between the Arabian Peninsula and Africa; tropical cyclones are extremely rare in the Red Sea.
Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 6 January 2026 Shift 1 · Humidity, clouds and precipitation

Q49. Which type of cloud is most closely associated with thunderstorms, producing lightning, thunder, and heavy rainfall?

  1. (a) Cumulonimbus
  2. (b) Cirrus
  3. (c) Stratus
  4. (d) Altostratus
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Cumulonimbus

The correct answer is (a) Cumulonimbus.
Cumulonimbus clouds (also called thunderheads) are massive, vertically developed clouds associated with severe weather including thunderstorms, lightning, heavy rainfall, hail, and tornadoes. They can extend from the lower troposphere up to the tropopause (12-15 km). Their characteristic anvil-shaped top is formed by strong upper-level winds.
(b) Cirrus: High-altitude, thin wispy clouds composed of ice crystals; associated with fair weather or approaching warm fronts; NOT associated with thunderstorms.
(c) Stratus: Low-level, flat, grey clouds that produce light rain or drizzle (not heavy thunderstorms); create overcast sky conditions.
(d) Altostratus: Mid-level clouds appearing as grey or blue-grey sheets; associated with continuous moderate precipitation from approaching warm fronts; not the primary thunderstorm cloud.
Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 4 January 2026 Shift 2 · Composition and layers of the atmosphere

Q50. In which layer of the atmosphere do weather phenomena such as rain, thunder, and storms occur?

  1. (a) Troposphere
  2. (b) Stratosphere
  3. (c) Mesosphere
  4. (d) Thermosphere
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Troposphere

The Troposphere is the lowest layer of the Earth's atmosphere, extending from the surface up to about 12 km. All weather phenomena — including clouds, rain, thunderstorms, and winds — occur in this layer.
(b) Incorrect: The Stratosphere contains the ozone layer and is mostly stable, with little weather activity.
(c) Incorrect: The Mesosphere is above the stratosphere and is where meteors burn up upon entry.
(d) Incorrect: The Thermosphere is the layer where the auroras occur and the ISS orbits.
Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 3 January 2026 Shift 2 · Cyclones (tropical and temperate)

Q51. Cyclone ' Biparjoy ', which formed in the Arabian Sea, made landfall primarily in which Indian state?

  1. (a) Kerala
  2. (b) Maharashtra
  3. (c) Gujarat
  4. (d) Karnataka
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Gujarat

Cyclone Biparjoy (meaning 'disaster' in Bengali) formed in the Arabian Sea in June 2023 and made landfall near Jakhau Port in Kutch district, Gujarat, on June 15, 2023. It was one of the longest-lasting cyclones in the Arabian Sea on record.
(a) Incorrect: Kerala faces the Arabian Sea but Biparjoy made landfall in Gujarat's Kutch region, not Kerala.
(b) Incorrect: Maharashtra's coastline is in the Arabian Sea, but Cyclone Biparjoy's landfall was in Gujarat, not Maharashtra.
(c) Incorrect: Karnataka faces the Arabian Sea on its western coast, but Biparjoy did not make landfall in Karnataka.
Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 24 December 2025 Shift 1 · Temperature distribution and inversion

Q52. Read the following statements and choose the correct option.
Statement 1: The difference between day and night temperatures is significant in the Thar Desert.
Statement 2: The Andaman and Nicobar Islands experience large day-night temperature variations.

  1. (a) Only Statement 1 is correct
  2. (b) Only Statement 2 is correct
  3. (c) Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are correct
  4. (d) Neither Statement 1 nor Statement 2 is correct
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Only Statement 1 is correct

The correct answer is Only Statement 1 is correct (Option 1).
Statement 1 is correct: The Thar Desert (hot desert in Rajasthan) experiences extreme diurnal temperature variations — very hot during the day and very cold at night — due to dry air, sandy terrain, and absence of cloud cover that prevents heat retention.
Statement 2 is incorrect: The Andaman and Nicobar Islands have an equatorial/maritime climate moderated by the surrounding ocean. The sea acts as a thermal buffer, resulting in small day-night temperature differences throughout the year.
Option 2 - Only S2 correct: This is wrong since Statement 2 is factually incorrect about island temperature variation.
Option 3 - Both correct: This is wrong because Statement 2 is incorrect.
Option 4 - Neither correct: This is wrong because Statement 1 is accurate.
Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 24 December 2025 Shift 1 · Climate change and global warming

Q53. Under the Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS), entities that exceed their specified emission reduction targets can generate carbon credits. Who is the designated Regulator for the CCTS scheme, responsible for regulatory oversight and enforcement?

  1. (a) Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE)
  2. (b) Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)
  3. (c) Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC)
  4. (d) Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC)

The correct answer is Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC) (Option 3).
The Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC) is the designated Regulator for India's Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS), responsible for regulatory oversight, enforcement, and ensuring the integrity of the carbon credit market. The CCTS was notified by the Ministry of Power under the Energy Conservation Act.
Option 1 - Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE): BEE develops energy efficiency standards and labelling; while it is involved in CCTS administration, CERC is the designated regulator for trading oversight.
Option 2 - SEBI: SEBI regulates India's securities markets. While it can oversee carbon credit trading platforms on stock exchanges, CERC is specifically designated as the CCTS regulator.
Option 4 - Reserve Bank of India: The RBI is India's central bank and monetary regulator; it has no role in regulating the carbon credit trading scheme.
Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 24 December 2025 Shift 2 · Composition and layers of the atmosphere

Q54. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the Stratosphere?

  1. (a) It is the layer directly above the Troposphere.
  2. (b) It is the region of Earth where most of its weather occurs.
  3. (c) It is the thickest and most dense layer of the atmosphere.
  4. (d) It experiences more turbulent air than the Troposphere.
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) It is the layer directly above the Troposphere.

The correct answer is It is the layer directly above the Troposphere (Option 1).
The Stratosphere is the second layer of Earth's atmosphere, located directly above the Troposphere (which extends from the surface to about 12 km) and extending from about 12 km to 50 km altitude. The Stratosphere contains the ozone layer, which absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation from the Sun.
Option 2 - Region where most weather occurs: Most weather phenomena (clouds, rain, storms) occur in the Troposphere, not the Stratosphere. The Stratosphere is characterised by stable, calm air.
Option 3 - Thickest and most dense layer: The Troposphere is the densest (containing ~80% of atmospheric mass), while the Thermosphere is the thickest in terms of altitude span. The Stratosphere is neither.
Option 4 - More turbulent air: The Stratosphere is actually known for its stable, calm air with little turbulence (which is why high-altitude aircraft fly there).
Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 24 December 2025 Shift 2 · Composition and layers of the atmosphere

Q55. Which of the following is a characteristic of the Thermosphere?

  1. (a) It is the coldest atmospheric layer.
  2. (b) Its temperature can rise above 2000°C.
  3. (c) It is characterized by stable and calm air.
  4. (d) It contains the most atmospheric mass.
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Its temperature can rise above 2000°C.

The correct answer is Its temperature can rise above 2000°C (Option 2).
The Thermosphere, located between approximately 80 km and 700 km altitude, is characterised by extremely high temperatures — up to 2000°C or more — caused by the absorption of high-energy solar radiation (X-rays and UV). The International Space Station orbits within the Thermosphere.
Option 1 - Coldest atmospheric layer: The coldest layer is the Mesosphere (temperatures can reach -90°C at the mesopause), not the Thermosphere.
Option 3 - Stable and calm air: The Stratosphere is known for stable, calm conditions. The Thermosphere experiences very low density and is subject to solar particle bombardment.
Option 4 - Contains most atmospheric mass: The Troposphere contains about 75-80% of all atmospheric mass; the Thermosphere is very thin and contains very little mass.
Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 24 December 2025 Shift 3 · Climate change and global warming

Q56. The Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS) is a market mechanism for emission reduction. Which entity is designated as the Regulator for this scheme, responsible for regulatory oversight and enforcement?

  1. (a) Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE)
  2. (b) Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change ( MoEFCC )
  3. (c) Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC)
  4. (d) Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC)

The correct answer is Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC) (Option 3).
Under India's Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS), established under the Energy Conservation (Amendment) Act 2022, the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC) serves as the regulatory authority responsible for oversight of carbon credit trading. CERC oversees the trading mechanism and ensures fair market practices in the Indian carbon market.
Option 1 - Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE): BEE functions as the administrator and technical body for the CCTS, setting performance norms and issuing carbon credit certificates, but CERC is the designated regulator for trading.
Option 2 - Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change ( MoEFCC ): MoEFCC handles environmental policy broadly but is not the designated regulator for the CCTS trading scheme.
Option 4 - Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI): SEBI regulates India's securities markets; it is not the designated regulator for the Carbon Credit Trading Scheme.
Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 23 December 2025 Shift 1 · Climate change and global warming

Q57. What is the main impact of the growing population on the climate?

  1. (a) Decrease in natural disasters
  2. (b) Increase in food production
  3. (c) Intensifying events such as floods, droughts, and wildfires
  4. (d) Improvement in air quality
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Intensifying events such as floods, droughts, and wildfires

The correct answer is Intensifying events such as floods, droughts, and wildfires (Option 3).
A growing population increases demand for energy, land, and resources, leading to greater greenhouse gas emissions. This accelerates climate change, which intensifies extreme weather events such as floods, droughts, and wildfires.
Option 1 - Decrease in natural disasters: Incorrect; growing population and associated emissions actually increase the frequency and intensity of natural disasters.
Option 2 - Increase in food production: While population growth drives demand for food, this is a consequence, not the main impact on climate. Intensive agriculture contributes to emissions.
Option 4 - Improvement in air quality: Population growth generally worsens air quality due to increased industrial activity, transportation, and energy use.
Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 23 December 2025 Shift 3 · Composition and layers of the atmosphere

Q58. Which of the following represents the correct order of the first three layers of Earth's atmosphere, starting from the surface?

  1. (a) Stratosphere, Troposphere, Mesosphere
  2. (b) Troposphere, Mesosphere, Stratosphere
  3. (c) Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere
  4. (d) Mesosphere, Stratosphere, Troposphere
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere

The correct answer is Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere (Option 3).
Starting from Earth's surface, the correct order is: Troposphere (0-12 km) - where weather occurs; Stratosphere (12-50 km) - containing the ozone layer; Mesosphere (50-80 km) - where meteors burn up; Thermosphere (80-700 km); Exosphere (beyond 700 km).
Option 1 - Stratosphere, Troposphere, Mesosphere: This is incorrect as the Troposphere is the lowest layer, not the Stratosphere.
Option 2 - Troposphere, Mesosphere, Stratosphere: This incorrectly places the Mesosphere before the Stratosphere; the Stratosphere lies between the Troposphere and Mesosphere.
Option 4 - Mesosphere, Stratosphere, Troposphere: This is in reverse order; the Troposphere is closest to the surface, not the Mesosphere.
Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 23 December 2025 Shift 3 · Composition and layers of the atmosphere

Q59. Why is the Troposphere the densest atmospheric layer?

  1. (a) It is closer to the Sun
  2. (b) Due to the compression from upper layers
  3. (c) It contains most of the Earth's oxygen
  4. (d) Due to the high amount of solar radiation
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Due to the compression from upper layers

The correct answer is Due to the compression from upper layers (Option 2).
The Troposphere is the densest atmospheric layer because the weight of all atmospheric layers above it compress it. This results in the troposphere containing approximately 75-80% of the total mass of the atmosphere. Density and pressure decrease with altitude.
Option 1 - It is closer to the Sun: The troposphere is actually the layer farthest from the Sun, not closest. Higher atmospheric layers are closer to the Sun but are less dense.
Option 3 - It contains most of the Earth's oxygen: While the troposphere does contain oxygen, it is the gravitational compression from above that makes it densest, not just oxygen content.
Option 4 - Due to the high amount of solar radiation: Solar radiation is actually absorbed by higher layers like the ozone in the stratosphere; radiation alone does not explain tropospheric density.
SSC CPO Paper-1 2025 – 12 December 2025 Shift 1 · El Nino, La Nina and IOD

Q60. Which of the following statements CORRECTLY defines Southern Oscillations?

  1. (a) Periodic changes in the pressure conditions in the Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean.
  2. (b) The reversal of jet streams during the monsoon season in India.
  3. (c) The periodic reversal of winds in the Indian peninsula.
  4. (d) The periodic changes in the pressure conditions of various parts of India due to shift in ITCZ.
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Periodic changes in the pressure conditions in the Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean.

Correct Answer: Periodic changes in the pressure conditions in the Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean (Option 1)
The Southern Oscillation refers to the periodic see-saw fluctuation in surface air pressure between the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean (near Tahiti) and the western Pacific/Indian Ocean (near Darwin, Australia). When pressure is high over the Pacific, it is low over the Indian Ocean, and vice versa. This was discovered by Sir Gilbert Walker.
Combined with the El Niño phenomenon (change in sea surface temperatures), the Southern Oscillation forms the ENSO (El Niño-Southern Oscillation) system, which significantly influences India's monsoon rainfall.
Jet stream reversals (Option 2) are a separate phenomenon related to monsoon onset in India.
Periodic wind reversal in the Indian peninsula (Option 3) describes the general monsoon wind reversal, not the Southern Oscillation.
ITCZ shift effects (Option 4) are a different meteorological concept.
SSC CPO Paper-1 2025 – 10 December 2025 Shift 2 · Humidity, clouds and precipitation

Q61. In which of the following regions is convectional rainfall generally more intense due to higher availability of moisture?

  1. (a) Over deserts
  2. (b) On inland plateaus
  3. (c) Over oceans
  4. (d) Over leeward slopes
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Over oceans

Correct Answer: Over oceans
Convectional rainfall occurs when the earth's surface is heated, causing air to rise, cool, and condense to form rain. Over oceans, there is abundant moisture available due to evaporation, making convectional rainfall more intense and frequent (e.g., tropical cyclones, afternoon thunderstorms over the ocean).
Option 1 (Deserts): Incorrect. Deserts have very low moisture — minimal convectional rain.
Option 2 (Inland plateaus): Incorrect. Less moisture than coastal/oceanic regions.
Option 4 (Leeward slopes): Incorrect. Leeward slopes are in rain shadow areas, with dry air.
SSC Stenographer 2025 – 8 December 2025 Shift 1 · Climate change and global warming

Q62. How does the Faint Young Sun paradox challenge our understanding of early Earth’s climate?

  1. (a) It proves the Moon once had an atmosphere.
  2. (b) It suggests that early solar output was too weak to prevent global freezing.
  3. (c) It implies there was no liquid water on early Earth.
  4. (d) It shows Earth was too hot due to excessive solar radiation.
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) It suggests that early solar output was too weak to prevent global freezing.

The Faint Young Sun paradox arises because astrophysical models suggest that the Sun’s energy output in its early years was about 20–30% weaker than today. This should have made early Earth frozen and uninhabitable. However, geological evidence shows the presence of liquid water and life forms as early as 3.8 billion years ago. This contradiction suggests that some other mechanisms, like greenhouse gases (CO₂, CH₄) or reduced albedo, must have compensated for the weak solar radiation and kept Earth warm enough for liquid water and life.
SSC Stenographer 2025 – 6 December 2025 Shift 1 · Insolation and heat budget

Q63. Read the following statements:
Statement 1: The process of vertical heating of the atmosphere is known as advection.
Statement 2: The transfer of heat through horizontal movement of air is called convection.
Statement 3: ‘Loo’ winds in northern India during summer are caused by advection.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

  1. (a) Statements 2 and 3 are correct
  2. (b) Only Statement 3 is correct
  3. (c) All three statements 1, 2 and 3 are correct
  4. (d) Only Statements 1 and 2 are correct
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Only Statement 3 is correct

The correct answer is Only Statement 3 is correct . Statement 1 is incorrect because vertical heating of the atmosphere is called convection, not advection . Advection refers to the horizontal transfer of heat by the movement of air. Statement 2 is also wrong because it reverses the terms — the horizontal movement of air transferring heat is advection, while vertical movement is convection. Statement 3 is correct: the hot, dry summer winds known as ‘Loo’ in northern India are indeed caused by advection , which transfers heat horizontally.
SSC Stenographer 2025 – 6 December 2025 Shift 3 · Insolation and heat budget

Q64. Which of the following is NOT a primary factor affecting the variation of insolation on Earth?

  1. (a) Angle of inclination of the Sun’s rays
  2. (b) Rotation of the Earth on its axis
  3. (c) Transparency of the atmosphere
  4. (d) Presence of water bodies in an area
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Presence of water bodies in an area

The correct answer is Presence of water bodies in an area . The primary factors affecting insolation include ( i ) the angle of the Sun’s rays, which determines how concentrated the solar energy is; (ii) the rotation of the Earth on its axis, which influences day and night cycle and solar duration; and (iii) the transparency of the atmosphere, which controls how much solar radiation reaches the Earth’s surface after scattering and absorption. While the presence of water bodies influences local climate by regulating temperature through heat absorption and release, it is not considered a direct primary factor affecting global variation of insolation.
SSC Stenographer 2025 – 6 December 2025 Shift 3 · Composition and layers of the atmosphere

Q65. Which layer of the Earth’s atmosphere is primarily responsible for absorbing ultraviolet radiation from the Sun?

  1. (a) Troposphere
  2. (b) Stratosphere
  3. (c) Mesosphere
  4. (d) Thermosphere
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Stratosphere

The correct answer is Stratosphere . The stratosphere contains the ozone layer , which plays a crucial role in absorbing most of the Sun’s harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation. This protective shield prevents excessive UV rays from reaching the Earth’s surface, thus safeguarding human health, animals, and plant life. Without the ozone layer, life on Earth would be severely threatened due to increased risks of skin cancer, cataracts, and damage to ecosystems.
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 22 September 2025 Shift 3 · Temperature distribution and inversion

Q66. Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect is primarily caused by which of the following urban factors?

  1. (a) Increased humidity in peri-urban regions
  2. (b) Dense vegetation and water bodies
  3. (c) Concrete structures, low vegetation, and vehicular heat
  4. (d) High-altitude rural zones and river valleys
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Concrete structures, low vegetation, and vehicular heat

The Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect — cities being warmer than surrounding rural areas — is caused primarily by concrete and asphalt absorbing/retaining heat, lack of vegetation, and anthropogenic heat from vehicles and air-conditioning.
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 22 September 2025 Shift 2 · Climate classification and climatic regions

Q67. In which region of India is the 'BWhw' type of climate found?

  1. (a) Punjab
  2. (b) Madhya Pradesh
  3. (c) Gujarat
  4. (d) Rajasthan
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Rajasthan

In the Koppen classification, BWhw is a hot desert climate.
It is found in the Thar Desert region of Rajasthan.
The other states do not have a true hot-desert climate.
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 19 September 2025 Shift 1 · Composition and layers of the atmosphere

Q68. Which matched pair is incorrect?

  1. (a) Mesosphere - meteors burn
  2. (b) Stratosphere - ozone layer
  3. (c) Exosphere - tropospheric clouds
  4. (d) Thermosphere - ISS orbit
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Exosphere - tropospheric clouds

Meteors burn up in the mesosphere — correct.
The ozone layer lies in the stratosphere — correct.
Tropospheric clouds belong to the troposphere, not the exosphere — option 3 is the incorrect pair.
The International Space Station orbits within the thermosphere — correct.
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 18 September 2025 Shift 3 · Composition and layers of the atmosphere

Q69. Earth's atmosphere reaches what height approximately (Kármán line)?

  1. (a) 100 km
  2. (b) 1000 km
  3. (c) 10,000 km
  4. (d) 100,000 km
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) 100 km

• The Kármán line is the boundary between Earth's atmosphere and outer space.
• It is defined at an altitude of 100 km (100 kilometers ) above mean sea level.
• Named after Theodore von Kármán, it is the internationally accepted definition of where space begins.
• Answer: 100 km
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 17 September 2025 Shift 1 · Climate change and global warming

Q70. . Which Indian initiative under the National Adaptation Fund for Climate Change (NAFCC) aims to improve micro-climate resilience through community-led water harvesting in semi-arid zones?

  1. (a) Jal Urja Yojana
  2. (b) Climate Resilient Watershed Programme
  3. (c) Hariyali Mission
  4. (d) Jal Mitra Scheme
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Climate Resilient Watershed Programme

The Climate Resilient Watershed Programme under NAFCC focuses on community-led water harvesting and watershed management in semi-arid regions to build micro-climate resilience.
Jal Urja Yojana, Hariyali Mission and Jal Mitra Scheme are not the NAFCC-specific initiatives described.
Hence the correct answer is the Climate Resilient Watershed Programme.
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 16 September 2025 Shift 1 · Climate classification and climatic regions

Q71. Regarding Earth’s major climatic zones:
1. Tropical zones experience minimal seasonal temperature variation.
2. Temperate zones are characterized by four distinct seasons.
Which of the above is/are correct?

  1. (a) Statement 1 only
  2. (b) Statement 2 only
  3. (c) Both 1 and 2
  4. (d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Both 1 and 2

Statement 1 is correct – tropical zones near the equator have nearly uniform high temperatures throughout the year.
Statement 2 is correct – temperate zones (mid-latitudes) experience four well-defined seasons (spring, summer, autumn, winter).
Hence both are correct.
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 16 September 2025 Shift 2 · Composition and layers of the atmosphere

Q72. Which pair correctly matches atmosphere layer and feature?

  1. (a) Troposphere - weather
  2. (b) Thermosphere - ozone
  3. (c) Mesosphere - satellites
  4. (d) Stratosphere - meteors
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Troposphere - weather

• Atmospheric layers:
• Troposphere: Lowest layer (0-12 km), contains weather phenomena — CORRECT ✓
• Thermosphere: Contains the ionosphere, NOT ozone (ozone is in stratosphere) — INCORRECT ✗
• Mesosphere: Where meteors burn up, NOT satellites (satellites orbit in thermosphere/exosphere) — INCORRECT ✗
• Stratosphere: Contains ozone layer, NOT where meteors burn — INCORRECT ✗
• Answer: Troposphere - weather
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 16 September 2025 Shift 3 · Climate change and global warming

Q73. Why is 'Carbon Sink Enhancement' important in India's climate plan?

  1. (a) Encourage deforestation
  2. (b) Store CO₂ in vegetation and soil
  3. (c) Burn more fossil fuels
  4. (d) Promote monocultures
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Store CO₂ in vegetation and soil

Enhancing carbon sinks means increasing the capacity of forests, soils and other natural systems to absorb and store CO₂ — a key strategy under India’s NDCs to mitigate climate change.
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 14 September 2025 Shift 1 · Composition and layers of the atmosphere

Q74. Oxygen concentration in Earth's atmosphere is roughly?

  1. (a) 18%
  2. (b) 21%
  3. (c) 24%
  4. (d) 28%
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) 21%

Earth's atmosphere is roughly 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 0.9% argon, with traces of carbon dioxide and other gases.
Hence the oxygen concentration is approximately 21%.
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 14 September 2025 Shift 3 · Humidity, clouds and precipitation

Q75. What is the primary cause of convectional rainfall?

  1. (a) Cold fronts meeting warm air
  2. (b) Mountains forcing air to rise
  3. (c) Heating of air that rises and cools
  4. (d) Moist air from polar regions
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Heating of air that rises and cools

Convectional rainfall occurs when the ground surface heats up due to solar radiation.
The heated air rises, expands, and cools to form clouds.
When the clouds reach the dew point, rainfall occurs.
This is common in tropical regions, especially in afternoons.
Option 2 describes orographic/relief rainfall. Option 1 describes frontal rainfall.
Answer: Heating of air that rises and cools
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 13 September 2025 Shift 1 · Composition and layers of the atmosphere

Q76. Evaluate these statements regarding atmospheric layers:
1. Most weather phenomena occur in the stratosphere.
2. The ozone layer is primarily found in the troposphere.
Which of the above is/are correct?

  1. (a) Statement 1 only
  2. (b) Statement 2 only
  3. (c) Both 1 and 2
  4. (d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Neither 1 nor 2

Statement 1: Most weather phenomena — clouds, rain, storms — occur in the troposphere (the lowest layer), not in the stratosphere. Incorrect.
Statement 2: The ozone layer lies in the lower stratosphere (about 15–35 km altitude), not in the troposphere. Incorrect.
Both statements are incorrect.
Hence the correct option is 'Neither 1 nor 2'.
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 13 September 2025 Shift 3 · Climate change and global warming

Q77. Consider the following statements regarding carbon markets in India:
1. Carbon credits can be generated by afforestation and renewable energy projects.
2. India has launched a domestic voluntary carbon market.
3. Carbon markets are monitored under the Income Tax Act, 1961.

  1. (a) Only 1 and 2 are correct
  2. (b) Only 2 and 3 are correct
  3. (c) Only 1 and 3 are correct
  4. (d) All 1, 2 and 3 are correct
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Only 1 and 2 are correct

Statement 1 — Correct. Afforestation, renewable energy, energy efficiency, etc., are recognized as carbon-credit-generating activities.
Statement 2 — Correct. India has notified the Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS), 2023 with both a compliance and voluntary segment.
Statement 3 — Incorrect. The Indian carbon market operates under the Energy Conservation (Amendment) Act, 2022, regulated by the Bureau of Energy Efficiency / Ministry of Power — not the Income Tax Act, 1961.
Hence only 1 and 2 are correct.
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 12 September 2025 Shift 2 · Climate change and global warming

Q78. A coastal city implements a plan to build sea walls and elevate buildings in response to rising sea levels. This action primarily falls under which category of climate change response?

  1. (a) Climate Change Mitigation.
  2. (b) Carbon Sequestration.
  3. (c) Geoengineering.
  4. (d) Climate Change Adaptation.
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Climate Change Adaptation.

Mitigation refers to actions that reduce greenhouse-gas emissions (e.g. shifting to renewables, planting forests).
Adaptation refers to actions that adjust to the impacts of climate change that are already happening (e.g. sea walls, elevating buildings, drought-resistant crops).
Building sea walls and elevating buildings does not reduce GHG emissions; it only protects the city from rising seas — therefore it is adaptation.
Carbon sequestration is a mitigation tool; geoengineering refers to large-scale interventions in Earth's systems.
Hence the correct option is Climate Change Adaptation.
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 12 September 2025 Shift 3 · Climate classification and climatic regions

Q79. Which of the following is not typically considered a weather element?

  1. (a) Temperature
  2. (b) Humidity
  3. (c) Soil pH
  4. (d) Wind
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Soil pH

• Weather elements (Geography):
• Temperature, Humidity, Wind speed/direction, Precipitation, Atmospheric pressure, and Sunshine are standard weather elements.
• Soil pH is a property of the soil/land, not a weather element — it belongs to edaphic (soil) factors.
• Answer: Soil pH
RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 9 September 2025 Shift 3 · Weather, climate and climatic controls

Q80. Which of the following options explains the variation in temperature between coastal and interior parts of India?

  1. (a) Latitude
  2. (b) Continentality
  3. (c) Pressure belts
  4. (d) Altitude
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Continentality

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 8 September 2025 Shift 2 · Cyclones (tropical and temperate)

Q81. Where do temperate cyclones commonly occur?

  1. (a) In mid-latitude regions
  2. (b) Near the equatorial belt
  3. (c) Over high-altitude deserts
  4. (d) In tropical low-pressure zones
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) In mid-latitude regions

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 3 September 2025 Shift 3 · Weather, climate and climatic controls

Q82. Which of the following places is most likely to experience an equable climate with minimal seasonal variation due to its proximity to the sea?

  1. (a) Delhi
  2. (b) Amritsar
  3. (c) Bhopal
  4. (d) Mumbai
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Mumbai

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 2 September 2025 Shift 1 · Composition and layers of the atmosphere

Q83. Which gas was least abundant in the early atmosphere?

  1. (a) Carbon dioxide
  2. (b) Water vapour
  3. (c) Free oxygen
  4. (d) Nitrogen
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Free oxygen

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 22 August 2025 Shift 1 · Humidity, clouds and precipitation

Q84. Which of the following is responsible for causing convectional rainfall?

  1. (a) Intense surface heating causing air to rise
  2. (b) Mountains forcing air to rise
  3. (c) Cold and warm air masses meeting
  4. (d) Cyclonic movements
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Intense surface heating causing air to rise

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 20 August 2025 Shift 3 · Pressure belts

Q85. What is the low-pressure belt near the equator commonly known as?

  1. (a) Doldrums
  2. (b) Polar Front
  3. (c) Trade Wind Belt
  4. (d) Horse Latitudes
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Doldrums

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 14 August 2025 Shift 1 · Climate classification and climatic regions

Q86. In which of the following Indian regions is an alpine climate with snowy winters and cool summers predominant?

  1. (a) Northern Plains
  2. (b) Himalayan Mountains
  3. (c) Western Ghats
  4. (d) Thar Desert
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Himalayan Mountains

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 11 August 2025 Shift 2 · Humidity, clouds and precipitation

Q87. What type of rainfall occurs when air is forced to rise over a mountain barrier?

  1. (a) Convectional rainfall
  2. (b) Orographic rainfall
  3. (c) Cyclonic rainfall
  4. (d) Frontal rainfall
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Orographic rainfall

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 11 August 2025 Shift 3 · Pressure belts

Q88. What is the area around the equator called where the trade winds from both hemispheres converge?

  1. (a) Subtropical High
  2. (b) Horse Latitudes
  3. (c) Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)
  4. (d) Polar Front
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)

SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 1 August 2025 Shift 1 · Composition and layers of the atmosphere

Q89. What is the troposphere?

  1. (a) The highest layer of the atmosphere
  2. (b) The lowest layer of the atmosphere
  3. (c) The middle layer of the atmosphere
  4. (d) The outermost layer of the atmosphere
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) The lowest layer of the atmosphere

Correct Answer: Option 2 – The lowest layer of the atmosphere
The troposphere is the lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere, extending from the surface to about 12 km altitude. It contains approximately 75% of the atmosphere's total mass. All weather phenomena such as clouds, rain, and storms occur in the troposphere.
Option 1 (Highest layer): Incorrect. The layers from lowest to highest are: Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, Exosphere.
Option 3 (Middle layer): Incorrect. The Mesosphere is the middle layer.
Option 4 (Outermost layer): Incorrect. The outermost (highest) layer is the Exosphere.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 1 August 2025 Shift 3 · Climate change and global warming

Q90. What is the major reason for the shrinking of the Himalayan glaciers?

  1. (a) Earthquakes
  2. (b) Acid rain
  3. (c) Global warming
  4. (d) Human settlement
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Global warming

Correct Answer: Option 3 – Global warming
Global warming (climate change caused by rising greenhouse gas emissions) is the primary cause of accelerated glacier retreat in the Himalayas. Rising temperatures are causing glaciers to melt at an unprecedented rate, threatening freshwater supplies for millions of people in Asia.
Option 1 (Earthquakes): Earthquakes can trigger avalanches but do not cause the sustained long-term melting of glaciers.
Option 2 (Acid rain): Acid rain affects vegetation and water bodies but is not a major factor in glacier retreat.
Option 4 (Human settlement): Human activity near glaciers has some localized impact, but the dominant cause of widespread glacier shrinkage is global warming.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 31 July 2025 Shift 1 · Climate change and global warming

Q91. Which mission aims to develop climate-resilient cities in India?

  1. (a) Swachh Bharat Abhiyan
  2. (b) AMRUT Mission
  3. (c) National Solar Mission
  4. (d) National Mission on Sustainable Habitat
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) National Mission on Sustainable Habitat

Correct Answer: Option 4 – National Mission on Sustainable Habitat
The National Mission on Sustainable Habitat (NMSH) is one of the eight missions under India's National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC, launched 2008). NMSH specifically aims to make India's cities more climate-resilient and sustainable through: promoting energy efficiency in buildings (Energy Conservation Building Code); better urban planning and management; sustainable transport systems; municipal solid waste management; and adaptation strategies for urban areas to cope with climate change impacts like floods, heat islands, and water scarcity.
Option 1 (Swachh Bharat Abhiyan): Focuses on sanitation, open defecation free India, and solid waste management — not specifically climate resilience.
Option 2 (AMRUT Mission): Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation focuses on basic urban infrastructure (water supply, sewerage, parks) — not specifically climate resilience.
Option 3 (National Solar Mission): One of the 8 NAPCC missions focused on solar energy deployment (Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission) — not urban climate resilience.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 31 July 2025 Shift 3 · Composition and layers of the atmosphere

Q92. Which of the following atmospheric layers contains the ozone layer, vital for absorbing harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun?

  1. (a) Troposphere
  2. (b) Mesosphere
  3. (c) Stratosphere
  4. (d) Thermosphere
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Stratosphere

Correct Answer: Option 3 – Stratosphere
The ozone layer is located in the stratosphere, approximately 15–35 km above Earth's surface (with peak concentration around 20–25 km). The ozone (O₃) in the stratosphere absorbs 97–99% of the Sun's high-frequency ultraviolet radiation (UV-B and UV-C), protecting life on Earth from harmful UV exposure. Depletion of the ozone layer (ozone hole over Antarctica) is caused by Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other ozone-depleting substances. The Montreal Protocol (1987) is the international treaty to phase out ozone-depleting substances.
Option 1 (Troposphere): The lowest layer (0–12 km), where weather occurs and we live. Ozone here is a pollutant (ground-level ozone in smog) — not the protective ozone layer.
Option 2 (Mesosphere): Extends from 50–85 km; the coldest layer where meteors burn up. No significant ozone concentration here.
Option 4 (Thermosphere): Extends from 85–600 km; absorbs X-rays and extreme UV, contains the ionosphere — not where the ozone layer is found.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 29 July 2025 Shift 1 · Composition and layers of the atmosphere

Q93. What is the name of the layer of the Earth's atmosphere where weather phenomena occur?

  1. (a) Stratosphere
  2. (b) Mesosphere
  3. (c) Troposphere
  4. (d) Thermosphere
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Troposphere

Correct Answer: Option 3 – Troposphere
The Troposphere is the lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere, extending from the surface up to about 12 km (average; 8 km at poles, 16 km at equator). It contains approximately 75–80% of the atmosphere's total mass and almost all of its water vapour. All weather phenomena — clouds, rain, snow, storms, cyclones, thunderstorms — occur here. Temperature decreases with altitude at about 6.5°C per km (normal lapse rate). The upper boundary is the tropopause.
Option 1 (Stratosphere): Lies above the troposphere (12–50 km). Contains the ozone layer; temperature increases with altitude due to ozone absorbing UV. Weather phenomena do not occur here; it is very calm.
Option 2 (Mesosphere): 50–80 km altitude; temperature decreases with altitude; meteors burn up here. No significant weather.
Option 4 (Thermosphere): 80–700 km altitude; temperature rises sharply; location of auroras and the International Space Station. No weather.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 28 July 2025 Shift 3 · Climate change and global warming

Q94. Consider the following statements about the National Adaptation Fund for Climate Change (NAFCC):
1. It provides direct financial support to individual farmers for crop loss due to climate change.
2. It is managed by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.
3. It funds projects proposed by State and Union Territory governments.

  1. (a) Only 1 and 2 are correct
  2. (b) Only 2 and 3 are correct
  3. (c) Only 1 and 3 are correct
  4. (d) All 1, 2 and 3 are correct
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Only 2 and 3 are correct

Correct Answer: Option 2 – Only 2 and 3 are correct
Statement 1 (FALSE): NAFCC does NOT provide direct financial support to individual farmers. It funds adaptation projects at the state/UT government level. Individual farmer support is handled by other schemes like PM Fasal Bima Yojana and NDRF.
Statement 2 (TRUE): NAFCC is managed by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) through the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) as the implementing entity.
Statement 3 (TRUE): NAFCC funds climate adaptation projects proposed by State and Union Territory governments, focusing on sectors like agriculture, water, forests, and coastal areas that are vulnerable to climate change impacts.
Only Statements 2 and 3 are correct.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 26 July 2025 Shift 1 · Composition and layers of the atmosphere

Q95. Under which layer of the Earth's atmosphere is the ozone layer found, which protects us from harmful ultraviolet rays?

  1. (a) Troposphere
  2. (b) Stratosphere
  3. (c) Mesosphere
  4. (d) Exosphere
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Stratosphere

Correct Answer: Option 2 – Stratosphere
The ozone layer is found in the stratosphere, approximately 15–35 km above Earth's surface (with peak concentration around 20–25 km). The ozone (O₃) layer absorbs 97–99% of the Sun's harmful high-frequency ultraviolet (UV-B and UV-C) radiation, protecting life on Earth from UV radiation-related damage (skin cancer, cataracts, crop damage). The Montreal Protocol (1987) was adopted to protect the ozone layer by phasing out ozone-depleting substances (CFCs, HCFCs).
Option 1 (Troposphere): The lowest atmospheric layer (0–12 km); contains weather, clouds, and most water vapour. The ozone layer is NOT here.
Option 3 (Mesosphere): Located 50–85 km above Earth; where meteors burn up. No ozone layer here.
Option 4 (Exosphere): The outermost layer (700 km+); where satellites orbit. No ozone layer here.
RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2024-25 – 18 June 2025 Shift 3 · Air masses, fronts and jet streams

Q96. What is the typical direction of jet streams influencing the Indian climate in winter?

  1. (a) Southeast to northwest
  2. (b) East to west
  3. (c) Southwest to northeast
  4. (d) West to east
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) West to east

RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2024-25 – 11 June 2025 Shift 1 · Humidity, clouds and precipitation

Q97. The intense rainfall on the western side of the Western Ghats is due to which type of rainfall mechanism?

  1. (a) Cyclonic
  2. (b) Convectional
  3. (c) Frontal
  4. (d) Orographic
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Orographic

RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2024-25 – 6 June 2025 Shift 3 · Air masses, fronts and jet streams

Q98. What is the significance of Westerly Jet Streams in winter?

  1. (a) Influence rainfall in Tamil Nadu
  2. (b) Guide Western Disturbances into India
  3. (c) Bring snowfall to Eastern Ghats
  4. (d) Cause retreat of monsoon
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Guide Western Disturbances into India

More Geography chapters

India - Location, Physiography and Neighbours298 questionsIndia - Population and Census255 questionsIndia - Drainage System148 questionsEnvironment and Protected Areas137 questionsIndia - Minerals, Energy and Industries134 questionsIndia - Climate, Soils and Natural Vegetation128 questionsIndia - Agriculture101 questionsUniverse and Solar System93 questionsIndia - Transport and Communication87 questionsLithosphere - Earth's Interior and Landforms84 questionsWorld Geography64 questionsGeography Miscellaneous39 questionsHydrosphere - Oceans and Water31 questionsIndia - States and Union Territories17 questions
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