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RRB Group D 2025-26 20 August 2026 Shift 3 GK Questions – with answers & solutions

All 43 GK / GS questions asked in RRB Group D 2025-26 on 20 August 2026 Shift 3, with correct answers and short solutions, subject-wise: Current Affairs, Static GK, Physics, Biology, Chemistry.

📚 43 questions🗓️ 20 August 2026⏰ Shift 3
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Subjects: Current Affairs (18) · Static GK (1) · Physics (9) · Biology (7) · Chemistry (8)

Current Affairs (18)

Appointments and Resignations · National appointments

Q1. Who was appointed as the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha Committee on Petitions after the panel was reconstituted by Rajya Sabha Chairman C. P. Radhakrishnan with effect from May 20, 2026?

  1. (a) Derek O'Brien
  2. (b) Manoj Jha
  3. (c) Raghav Chadha
  4. (d) Sanjay Singh
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Raghav Chadha

Correct Answer:
Correct Answer: Option 3 – Raghav Chadha
Explanation:
Rajya Sabha ChairmanC. P. Radhakrishnanreconstituted the Committee on Petitions with effect fromMay 20, 2026, appointing AAP/BJP MPRaghav Chadhaas its Chairman.
Important Facts:
• Multiple 2026 current-affairs sources (Manorama Yearbook, Dynamite News, Babushahi) confirm Raghav Chadha's appointment as Chairman of the Rajya Sabha Committee on Petitions.
• The committee examines petitions presented to the Rajya Sabha on matters of public importance.
Sports - Current · Records and achievements

Q2. Neeraj Chopra achieved a new national record at the Doha Diamond League 2025. What was the distance of his throw?

  1. (a) 88.17 m
  2. (b) 91.06 m
  3. (c) 89.94 m
  4. (d) 90.23 m
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) 90.23 m

Correct Answer:
Correct Answer: Option 4 – 90.23 m
Explanation:
At theDoha Diamond League 2025, Neeraj Chopra threw90.23 m, breaking the 90m barrier for the first time and setting a new national record, finishing second in the event.
Important Facts:
• This was Neeraj Chopra's first-ever throw beyond 90 metres in his career.
• Confirmed by multiple sources including The Quint, Olympics.com, and ESPN.
Environment and Climate - Current · Species discoveries and conservation news

Q3. Which of the following big cat species is the focus of the conservation programme being held in Gangtok, Sikkim in 2026?

  1. (a) Asiatic Lion
  2. (b) Cheetah
  3. (c) Bengal Tiger
  4. (d) Snow Leopard
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Snow Leopard

Correct Answer:
Correct Answer: Option 4 – Snow Leopard
Explanation:
Sikkim hosted a nationalsnow leopardconservation event in Gangtok in 2026, ahead of an International Big Cats Alliance (IBCA) summit, highlighting community-based snow leopard conservation in the high Himalayas.
Important Facts:
• Sikkim's 2025 snow leopard census recorded 21 individuals in the state.
• Snow leopards inhabit Sikkim's high-altitude trans-Himalayan regions, unlike Bengal Tiger, Asiatic Lion or Cheetah which are not found there.
Economy, Banking and Business · Business and corporate news

Q4. In 2025, which of the Indian banks has reached $100 billion mark?

  1. (a) Bank of India
  2. (b) State Bank of India
  3. (c) Indian Bank
  4. (d) Bank of Baroda
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) State Bank of India

Correct Answer:
Correct Answer: Option 2 – State Bank of India
Explanation:
In 2025,State Bank of India (SBI)became the first Indian bank to cross the$100 billion market capitalisationmark, following strong Q2 results, after earlier having crossed ₹100 lakh crore in business.
Important Facts:
• Confirmed by multiple sources including Business Standard, Angel One and India Infoline (Nov 2025).
• SBI is India's largest public sector bank by assets and business.
Books, Obituaries and Days - Current · Days and themes - current year

Q5. On 14th April 2026, the National Fire Service Day was observed with which theme?

  1. (a) Safe School, Safe Hospital & Fire Safety Aware Society – Together for Fire Prevention
  2. (b) Secure Villages, Secure Offices & Disaster Prepared Community – Together for Risk Reduction
  3. (c) Healthy Environment, Safe Workplace & Emergency Response Society – United for Public Safety
  4. (d) Smart Cities, Smart Buildings & Fire Protection Prepared Society – United for Safety Mission
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Safe School, Safe Hospital & Fire Safety Aware Society – Together for Fire Prevention

Correct Answer:
Correct Answer: Option 1 – Safe School, Safe Hospital & Fire Safety Aware Society – Together for Fire Prevention
Explanation:
National Fire Service Day, observed on14 April 2026to commemorate firefighters who died in the 1944 Bombay Docks explosion, carried the theme"Safe School, Safe Hospital & Fire Safety Aware Society – Together for Fire Prevention."
Important Facts:
• Confirmed by Goa Directorate of Fire & Emergency Services and other institutional posts (e.g. GSFC University) for the 2026 observance.
• It marks the start of Fire Service Week (14–20 April).
Sports - Current · Tournaments and winners

Q6. Which shooter won the gold medal in the Women’s 25m Pistol event at the ISSF World Cup Final 2025 conducted in Doha?

  1. (a) Manu Bhaker
  2. (b) Simranpreet Kaur Brar
  3. (c) Yao Qianxun
  4. (d) Doreen Vennekamp
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Simranpreet Kaur Brar

Correct Answer:
Correct Answer: Option 2 – Simranpreet Kaur Brar
Explanation:
At theISSF World Cup Final 2025 in Doha, Indian shooterSimranpreet Kaur Brarwon gold in the Women's 25m Pistol event, while Manu Bhaker finished without a medal in that event.
Important Facts:
• Confirmed by Olympics.com, ISSF official site, and The Tribune.
• India won six medals overall at the ISSF World Cup Final 2025.
Science, Technology and Space - Current · Space missions - current

Q7. What was the mission name of the communication satellite launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation on 24 December 2025 from Sriharikota using the LVM3 (Baahubali) launch vehicle?

  1. (a) NewSpace communication series
  2. (b) Defence communication satellite
  3. (c) BlueBird Block-2
  4. (d) meteorological satellite mission
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) BlueBird Block-2

Correct Answer:
Correct Answer: Option 3 – BlueBird Block-2
Explanation:
On 24 December 2025, ISRO'sLVM3-M6 ("Baahubali")rocket launched theBlueBird Block-2communication satellite for AST SpaceMobile from Sriharikota, setting a record as the heaviest payload launched by ISRO.
Important Facts:
• Confirmed by ETV Bharat, The Better India, and multiple news outlets (Dec 2025).
• BlueBird satellites enable direct-to-device space-based mobile connectivity.
Reports, Indices and Rankings · Reports and their publishers

Q8. In May 2026, which Ministry released the National Family Health Survey–6 (NFHS-6), highlighting improvements in maternal and child health, nutrition, and financial protection?

  1. (a) Ministry of Education
  2. (b) Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation
  3. (c) Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
  4. (d) Ministry of Women and Child Development
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Ministry of Health and Family Welfare

Correct Answer:
Correct Answer: Option 3 – Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
Explanation:
In May 2026, the UnionMinistry of Health and Family Welfarereleased theNational Family Health Survey–6 (NFHS-6), showing improvements in maternal and child health, nutrition, and financial protection indicators.
Important Facts:
• Confirmed by the official PIB press release titled "Union Health Ministry Releases National Family Health Survey – 6" (May 2026).
• NFHS is conducted under the aegis of MoHFW with IIPS as the nodal agency.
Science, Technology and Space - Current · Space missions - current

Q9. The PSLV-C61 EOS-09 mission, which was launched on May 18, 2025, was ISRO’s (Indian Space Research Organisation) ____.

  1. (a) 100ᵗʰ mission
  2. (b) 102ⁿᵈ mission
  3. (c) 99ᵗʰ mission
  4. (d) 101ᵗʰ mission
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) 101ᵗʰ mission

Correct Answer:
Correct Answer: Option 4 – 101ˢᵗ mission
Explanation:
ThePSLV-C61/EOS-09mission, launched on 18 May 2025 from Sriharikota, was ISRO's101st launch missionoverall.
Important Facts:
• Confirmed by ISRO's official mission brochure titled "PSLV-C61/EOS-09 MISSION 101st Launch."
• The mission notably suffered an anomaly in the third stage and did not achieve its intended orbit.
Defence and Security - Current · Defence acquisitions and indigenous systems

Q10. Which DRDO-supported indigenous systems were inducted by the Indian Army under emergency procurement in May 2026?

  1. (a) Arjun Mk-1A and Prahaar missile systems
  2. (b) Nishant UAV and Varunastra torpedo systems
  3. (c) Akash Prime and Tejas Mk-2 systems
  4. (d) ULPGM and AGNIKAA VTOL-1 drone systems
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) ULPGM and AGNIKAA VTOL-1 drone systems

Correct Answer:
Correct Answer: Option 4 – ULPGM and AGNIKAA VTOL-1 drone systems
Explanation:
In May 2026, the Indian Army inducted the indigenous,DRDO-developed ULPGM(Man-Portable Low-weight Precision Guided Munition) and theAGNIKAA VTOL-1kamikaze drone under emergency procurement, handed over in Hyderabad.
Important Facts:
• Confirmed by Business Standard, ANI, Asianet Newsable, and Indian Defence News (May 2026).
• These systems were manufactured/delivered by private industry (e.g., Adani Defence) based on DRDO-developed technology.

Q11. Which authority issued new access and benefit sharing rules in India in April 2025?

  1. (a) Central Environment Board
  2. (b) Ministry of Tribal Affairs
  3. (c) Ministry of Agriculture
  4. (d) National Biodiversity Authority
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) National Biodiversity Authority

Correct Answer:
Correct Answer: Option 4 – National Biodiversity Authority
Explanation:
In April 2025, theNational Biodiversity Authority (NBA)notified theBiological Diversity (Access and Benefit Sharing) Regulation, 2025, laying down new rules governing access and benefit sharing of biological resources.
Important Facts:
• Confirmed by Down To Earth, Drishti IAS, and Mongabay India coverage of the 2025 regulation.
• NBA functions under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, implementing the Biological Diversity Act, 2002.
Appointments and Resignations · National appointments

Q12. Who was elected as the new President of the BJP in 2026?

  1. (a) Baba Amte
  2. (b) J.P. Nadda
  3. (c) Nitin Nabin
  4. (d) Amit Shah
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Nitin Nabin

Correct Answer:
Correct Answer: Option 3 – Nitin Nabin
Explanation:
Nitin Nabin, a Bihar MLA, was elected as the new National President of the BJP in January 2026, succeeding J.P. Nadda.
Important Facts:
• Confirmed by India TV, The Wire, and multiple Akashvani/newsonair reports (Jan 2026).
• He became one of the youngest BJP national presidents.
Defence and Security - Current · Military exercises - current

Q13. Between which two countries was Exercise INDRA, 2025, conducted?

  1. (a) India and France
  2. (b) India and the United States
  3. (c) India and Russia
  4. (d) India and China
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) India and Russia

Correct Answer:
Correct Answer: Option 3 – India and Russia
Explanation:
Exercise INDRA 2025was a joint military exercise conducted betweenIndia and Russia, with the army component held in Rajasthan (Pune-based Southern Command participation), reinforcing strategic defence ties.
Important Facts:
• Confirmed by Drishti IAS, Sputnik India, and multiple defence-affairs outlets (Oct 2025).
• INDRA is a long-running bilateral India-Russia exercise series.
Sports - Current · Tournaments and winners

Q14. Which state had emerged victorious with the highest medal tally at the inaugural Khelo India Tribal Games 2026?

  1. (a) Madhya Pradesh
  2. (b) Jharkhand
  3. (c) Karnataka
  4. (d) Odisha
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Karnataka

Correct Answer:
Correct Answer: Option 3 – Karnataka
Explanation:
Karnatakatopped the medal tally at the inauguralKhelo India Tribal Games 2026, leading throughout the event, including with 15 gold medals reported mid-way.
Important Facts:
• Confirmed by Drishti IAS ("Karnataka Tops Khelo India Tribal Games 2026") and Akashvani/newsonair reports (March 2026).
• This was the first-ever edition of the Khelo India Tribal Games.
State News · State schemes and events

Q15. In 2026, which health insurance scheme was set to be implemented by West Bengal, making it the 36th State/Union Territory to join the programme through an agreement with the National Health Authority?

  1. (a) Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB PM-JAY)
  2. (b) Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana (PMJJBY)
  3. (c) Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY)
  4. (d) Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY)
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB PM-JAY)

Correct Answer:
Correct Answer: Option 1 – Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB PM-JAY)
Explanation:
In 2026,West Bengalsigned an MoU with the National Health Authority to implementAB PM-JAY, becoming the36th State/UTto join the scheme, integrating it with its own Swasthya Sathi programme.
Important Facts:
• Confirmed by official PIB press release: "West Bengal Becomes 36th State/UT to Implement Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY."
• The MoU was signed around June 8, 2026.

Q16. Which government body issued the statutory direction for coordinated action plans to eliminate wheat stubble burning during the 2026 harvesting season?

  1. (a) Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
  2. (b) Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI)
  3. (c) Commission for Air Quality Management in NCR and Adjoining Areas (CAQM)
  4. (d) Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Commission for Air Quality Management in NCR and Adjoining Areas (CAQM)

Correct Answer:
Correct Answer: Option 3 – Commission for Air Quality Management in NCR and Adjoining Areas (CAQM)
Explanation:
TheCAQMissued a comprehensive statutory direction in February 2026 for coordinated action plans by states to eliminate wheat stubble burning ahead of the 2026 harvesting season.
Important Facts:
• Confirmed by an official PIB press release: "CAQM issues comprehensive Statutory Direction regarding implementation of Action Plans for Elimination of Wheat Stubble Burning in 2026."
• This followed thousands of stubble-fire events recorded in Punjab.
International Affairs and Summits · Global events and elections

Q17. According to reports on the military operation known as “Operation Absolute Resolve” conducted in January 2026, which country had carried out the operation that resulted in the capture of Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro?

  1. (a) China
  2. (b) United States of America
  3. (c) Russia
  4. (d) United Kingdom
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) United States of America

Correct Answer:
Correct Answer: Option 2 – United States of America
Explanation:
"Operation Absolute Resolve," conducted in January 2026, was aUnited Statesmilitary/special-operations mission that resulted in the capture of Venezuelan PresidentNicolás Maduro.
Important Facts:
• Confirmed by the UK House of Commons Library briefing ("The US capture of Nicolás Maduro") and multiple US media reports (Just Security, Fox News, Vision Times).
• The operation reportedly involved over 150 aircraft.
Books, Obituaries and Days - Current · Days and themes - current year

Q18. What was the official United Nations theme for International Women’s Day observed on March 8, 2026?

  1. (a) Empower, Include, Advance: Women Leading Change
  2. (b) Invest in Women: Accelerate Progress
  3. (c) Rights. Justice. Action. For ALL Women and Girls
  4. (d) Accelerate Action: Equal Rights for a Sustainable Future
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Rights. Justice. Action. For ALL Women and Girls

Correct Answer:
Correct Answer: Option 3 – Rights. Justice. Action. For ALL Women and Girls
Explanation:
The officialUN Womentheme for International Women's Day, observed on8 March 2026, was"Rights. Justice. Action. For ALL Women and Girls."
Important Facts:
• Confirmed directly by UN Women regional pages (Europe/Central Asia, Americas/Caribbean) titled "International Women's Day 2026: Rights. Justice. Action. For ALL Women and Girls."
• This coincided with the 70th Session of the UN Commission on the Status of Women (CSW70).

Static GK (1)

Sports · Stadiums and venues

Q19. In which country was the final match of the 2026 Monte-Carlo Masters tennis tournament conducted at Roquebrune-Cap-Martin?

  1. (a) France
  2. (b) Spain
  3. (c) Italy
  4. (d) Germany
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) France

Correct Answer:
Correct Answer: Option 1 – France
Explanation:
The Monte-Carlo Masters, despite its Monaco-associated name, is held at theMonte Carlo Country ClubinRoquebrune-Cap-Martin, which is located inFrance(just across the Monaco border), and this remained the venue for the 2026 edition.
Important Facts:
• This is a longstanding, stable geographic fact about the tournament venue (per Wikipedia's Monte Carlo Country Club/Monte-Carlo Masters pages), not something that changes year to year.
• The event is an ATP Masters 1000 tournament.

Physics (9)

Sound and Waves · Numericals on sound and waves

Q20. A sound wave has a frequency of 500 Hz and travels at 340 m/s. What is its wavelength?

  1. (a) Its wavelength is 170 meters
  2. (b) Its wavelength is 0.68 meters
  3. (c) Its wavelength is 0.34 meters
  4. (d) Its wavelength is 1.47 meters
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Its wavelength is 0.68 meters

Correct Answer:
Option 2 – Its wavelength is 0.68 meters
Explanation:
Wavelength (λ) = velocity (v) / frequency (f) = 340 / 500 =0.68 m.
Force and Laws of Motion · Newton's first law and inertia

Q21. Which scenario best demonstrates the first law of motion as stated by Newton regarding an object’s tendency to maintain its state of at rest or uniform motion?

  1. (a) A tree sways in the wind
  2. (b) A book lying on a table stays still until someone pushes it
  3. (c) A car speeds up as the driver presses the accelerator
  4. (d) A ball rolling down a hill accelerates
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) A book lying on a table stays still until someone pushes it

Correct Answer:
Option 2 – A book lying on a table stays still until someone pushes it
Explanation:
Newton's first law (law of inertia) states that a body at rest remains at rest, and a body in uniform motion continues in that state, unless acted upon by an external force. A book staying still on a table until pushed is a direct demonstration of this tendency (inertia of rest).
Work, Energy and Power · Numericals on work, energy and power

Q22. An object of mass 12.5 kg is lifted to a height of 8 m. (Take g = 10 m/s².) Its potential energy is _______.

  1. (a) 100 J
  2. (b) 1250 J
  3. (c) 800 J
  4. (d) 1000 J
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) 1000 J

Correct Answer:
Option 4 – 1000 J
Explanation:
Potential Energy = mgh = 12.5 × 10 × 8 =1000 J.
Magnetism and Magnetic Effects of Current · Domestic electric circuits, fuse and earthing

Q23. A family wants to minimize the risk of electrical fires in their home. Which of the following practices involving electricity is/are most effective in achieving this goal?

  1. (a) Relying on extension cords for all appliances in the home.
  2. (b) Using only low-power electrical appliances in all rooms.
  3. (c) Increasing the number of power outlets in each room.
  4. (d) Using circuit breakers and regularly checking wiring for faults.
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Using circuit breakers and regularly checking wiring for faults.

Correct Answer:
Option 4 – Using circuit breakers and regularly checking wiring for faults.
Explanation:
Circuit breakers automatically cut off power during a short circuit or overload, and regularly inspecting wiring helps detect faults before they cause fires — this is the most effective fire-prevention practice among the options. Overloading extension cords or outlets, in contrast, increases fire risk.
Force and Laws of Motion · Numericals on force and momentum

Q24. A 6 kg body is subjected to a force that brings it from rest to a velocity of 18 m/s in 3 seconds. What is the value of the force?

  1. (a) 54 N
  2. (b) 36 N
  3. (c) 18 N
  4. (d) 12 N
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) 36 N

Correct Answer:
Option 2 – 36 N
Explanation:
Acceleration a = (v − u)/t = (18 − 0)/3 = 6 m/s². Force F = ma = 6 × 6 =36 N.
Work, Energy and Power · Numericals on work, energy and power

Q25. Object A (3 kg) moves at 4 m/s, and object B (6 kg) moves at 2 m/s. Which object has greater kinetic energy?

  1. (a) Object B
  2. (b) Cannot be determined
  3. (c) Both have equal kinetic energy
  4. (d) Object A
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Object A

Correct Answer:
Option 4 – Object A
Explanation:
Kinetic Energy = ½mv². Object A: ½ × 3 × 4² = ½ × 3 × 16 = 24 J. Object B: ½ × 6 × 2² = ½ × 6 × 4 = 12 J. Since 24 J > 12 J,Object Ahas greater kinetic energy.
Sound and Waves · Reflection of sound, echo and reverberation

Q26. Which of the following best explains why an echo is heard when a sound is produced near a large, flat wall?

  1. (a) Sound is absorbed by the wall and then emitted slowly.
  2. (b) Sound waves pass directly through the wall and reappear on the other side.
  3. (c) The wall vibrates and produces a new sound identical to the original.
  4. (d) Sound waves reflect off the wall and return to the listener after a short delay.
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Sound waves reflect off the wall and return to the listener after a short delay.

Correct Answer:
Option 4 – Sound waves reflect off the wall and return to the listener after a short delay.
Explanation:
An echo is heard because sound waves, upon striking a large, hard, flat surface, getreflectedback and reach the listener's ear after a time delay sufficient for the brain to perceive it as a distinct repeated sound (requires at least ~17 m distance from the reflecting surface, giving a delay of at least 0.1 s).
Sound and Waves · Loudness, pitch, quality and decibel

Q27. Which statement best explains the difference between a low pitch sound and a high pitch sound?

  1. (a) A low pitch sound is always louder than a high pitch sound.
  2. (b) A low pitch sound has a lower frequency compared to a high pitch sound.
  3. (c) A low pitch sound has a higher frequency than a high pitch sound.
  4. (d) A low pitch sound and a high pitch sound have the same frequency.
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) A low pitch sound has a lower frequency compared to a high pitch sound.

Correct Answer:
Option 2 – A low pitch sound has a lower frequency compared to a high pitch sound.
Explanation:
Pitch is determined by frequency: alower frequencyproduces a low-pitched sound, while a higher frequency produces a high-pitched sound. Pitch is independent of loudness (which depends on amplitude).
Electricity · Heating effect of current and Joule's law

Q28. If the resistance in a circuit is doubled and the current remains constant, what happens to the amount of heat produced in the resistor over the same time period?

  1. (a) It halves
  2. (b) It doubles
  3. (c) It quadruples
  4. (d) It remains unchanged
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) It doubles

Correct Answer:
Option 2 – It doubles
Explanation:
Heat produced in a resistor, by Joule's law, is H = I²Rt. Since current (I) and time (t) remain constant, H is directly proportional to R. If resistance Rdoubles, the heat produced alsodoubles.

Biology (7)

Cell - Structure and Function · Cell division - mitosis and meiosis

Q29. Complete the analogy.Mitosis : 2 Daughter Cells :: Meiosis : ________

  1. (a) 4 Daughter Cells
  2. (b) 1 Daughter Cell
  3. (c) 8 Daughter Cells
  4. (d) 3 Daughter Cells
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) 4 Daughter Cells

Correct Answer:
Option 1 – 4 Daughter Cells
Explanation:
Mitosis produces 2 genetically identical daughter cells, while meiosis (a reduction division occurring in two stages) produces4 daughter cells, each with half the chromosome number of the parent cell.
Reproduction · Reproduction in animals

Q30. The reproductive cells such as sperm and eggs produced through meiosis are known as __________.

  1. (a) Organelles
  2. (b) Tissues
  3. (c) Inclusions
  4. (d) Gametes
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Gametes

Correct Answer:
Option 4 – Gametes
Explanation:
Reproductive cells such as sperm (male) and eggs/ova (female), produced through meiosis, are collectively calledgametes. They are haploid and fuse during fertilization to form a zygote.
Ecology and Environment · Waste management and biodegradable substances

Q31. Which of the following statements regarding biodegradable waste is correct?

  1. (a) It consists of man-made substances
  2. (b) It can be decomposed by biological processes
  3. (c) It persists in the environment
  4. (d) It cannot be recycled
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) It can be decomposed by biological processes

Correct Answer:
Option 2 – It can be decomposed by biological processes
Explanation:
Biodegradable waste (e.g., food scraps, paper, plant/animal matter) is broken down by the action of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi) through natural biological processes into simpler, harmless substances.

Q32. A taxonomist is classifying a microscopic organism that is unicellular, has a true nucleus, and moves using cilia. Which kingdom is most appropriate for its classification?

  1. (a) Plantae
  2. (b) Fungi
  3. (c) Protista
  4. (d) Monera
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Protista

Correct Answer:
Option 3 – Protista
Explanation:
Kingdom Protista includes unicellular eukaryotic organisms (having a true, membrane-bound nucleus) that often move using structures like cilia, flagella, or pseudopodia — e.g., Paramecium (ciliate protist).
Important Facts:
• Monera: unicellular, prokaryotic (no true nucleus) — e.g., bacteria.
• Fungi: mostly multicellular, eukaryotic, non-motile, absorptive nutrition.
• Plantae: multicellular, eukaryotic, autotrophic.

Q33. The amount of energy released during aerobic respiration in animals is _____ that released during anaerobic respiration.

  1. (a) Slower than
  2. (b) Greater than
  3. (c) Equal to
  4. (d) Lesser than
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Greater than

Correct Answer:
Option 2 – Greater than
Explanation:
Aerobic respiration completely oxidizes glucose using oxygen (yielding CO₂ and H₂O), releasing farmore energy(about 38 ATP) compared to anaerobic respiration, which only partially breaks down glucose (yielding about 2 ATP) without oxygen.
Control and Coordination · Plant hormones and tropic movements

Q34. Which of the following environmental stimulus causes roots to grow away from itself?

  1. (a) Gravity
  2. (b) Water
  3. (c) Light
  4. (d) Air
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Light

Correct Answer:
Option 3 – Light
Explanation:
Roots show negative phototropism — i.e., they grow away from light. (In contrast, roots show positive hydrotropism (grow towards water) and positive geotropism (grow towards/with gravity).)
Ecology and Environment · Biodiversity and its conservation (in-situ, ex-situ)

Q35. A zoologist identifies the Lion-tailed macaque population declining due to fragmentation of its forest habitat. Which is the most likely ecological consequence if this trend continues?

  1. (a) Loss of endemic species unique to the region
  2. (b) Increase in migratory bird populations
  3. (c) Introduction of common widespread species
  4. (d) Spread of invasive species from outside
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Loss of endemic species unique to the region

Correct Answer:
Option 1 – Loss of endemic species unique to the region
Explanation:
The Lion-tailed macaque is an endemic species restricted to the fragmented rainforests of the Western Ghats. Continued habitat fragmentation isolates and shrinks populations of such region-specific (endemic) species, increasing their extinction risk and leading toloss of endemic species.

Chemistry (8)

Acids, Bases and Salts · Common salts - preparation and uses (baking soda, washing soda, bleaching powder, plaster of Paris)

Q36. When Plaster of Paris (CaSO₄·½H₂O) is mixed with water, it becomes hard. Which process is responsible for this hardening?

  1. (a) Rehydration to form gypsum
  2. (b) Dehydration of calcium sulphate
  3. (c) Neutralization between acid and base
  4. (d) Oxidation of calcium ions
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Rehydration to form gypsum

Correct Answer:
Option 1 – Rehydration to form gypsum
Explanation:
When Plaster of Paris (CaSO₄·½H₂O) is mixed with water, it absorbs water molecules and gets converted back to gypsum (CaSO₄·2H₂O), a hard, crystalline solid. Thisrehydrationreaction is responsible for the setting/hardening of Plaster of Paris.
Chemical Reactions and Equations · Displacement reactions

Q37. When zinc reacts with dilute HCl, the reaction can be classified as:

  1. (a) Double decomposition reaction
  2. (b) Displacement reaction
  3. (c) Neutralization reaction
  4. (d) Combination reaction
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Displacement reaction

Correct Answer:
Option 2 – Displacement reaction
Explanation:
Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂↑. Here, the more reactive metal zinc displaces (replaces) hydrogen from hydrochloric acid, making this adisplacement reaction.
Mixtures, Solutions and Separation · Suspensions and colloids

Q38. A colloidal solution is a type of:

  1. (a) Pure substance
  2. (b) Heterogeneous mixture
  3. (c) True solution
  4. (d) Homogeneous mixture
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Heterogeneous mixture

Correct Answer:
Option 2 – Heterogeneous mixture
Explanation:
A colloidal solution (colloid) consists of dispersed particles (1 nm–1000 nm) distributed through a dispersion medium; it is aheterogeneous mixture, distinct from a true (homogeneous) solution, and shows the Tyndall effect.
Structure of Atom · Discovery of electron, proton and neutron

Q39. The electron was discovered by:

  1. (a) Rutherford
  2. (b) Dalton
  3. (c) Neils Bohr
  4. (d) J. J. Thomson
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) J. J. Thomson

Correct Answer:
Option 4 – J. J. Thomson
Explanation:
J. J. Thomson discovered the electron in 1897 through his experiments with cathode rays.
Important Facts:
• Rutherford discovered the atomic nucleus and proton.
• Neils Bohr proposed the planetary model of the atom (electron energy levels).
• Dalton proposed the atomic theory of matter.
Chemical Reactions and Equations · Corrosion and rancidity

Q40. Which condition will slow down rancidity in oily food items ?

  1. (a) Exposure to sunlight
  2. (b) Storage at high temperature
  3. (c) Presence of moisture
  4. (d) Storage in airtight containers flushed with nitrogen
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Storage in airtight containers flushed with nitrogen

Correct Answer:
Option 4 – Storage in airtight containers flushed with nitrogen
Explanation:
Rancidity is caused by the oxidation of fats/oils by atmospheric oxygen. Storing oily foods inairtight containers flushed with nitrogen(an inert gas) excludes oxygen and thereby slows down rancidity. Exposure to sunlight, high temperature, and moisture all accelerate rancidity.
Carbon and its Compounds · Chemical properties of carbon compounds (combustion, oxidation, addition, substitution)

Q41. Select the option that is true regarding the following two statements labelled Assertion (A) and Reason (R).Assertion (A): In oxidation reactions, the colour of potassium permanganate disappears initially.Reason (R): Potassium permanganate reacts with alcohols and gets reduced, causing decolourisation.

  1. (a) A is true, but R is false.
  2. (b) A is false, but R is true.
  3. (c) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  4. (d) Both A and R are true, and R is not the correct explanation of A.
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

Correct Answer:
Option 3 – Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
Potassium permanganate (KMnO₄) is a strong oxidizing agent (purple/pink in colour). When it oxidizes alcohols (e.g., to aldehydes/carboxylic acids), it itself gets reduced (Mn⁷⁺ → Mn²⁺/MnO₂), and its characteristic colour disappears (decolourisation). This is exactly why R correctly explains A.
Structure of Atom · Atomic number and mass number

Q42. An atom of element X has a mass number of 37 and contains 20 neutrons. What is the atomic number of X, and which element does it represent?

  1. (a) 18, Argon
  2. (b) 20, Calcium
  3. (c) 17, Chlorine
  4. (d) 19, Potassium
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) 17, Chlorine

Correct Answer:
Option 3 – 17, Chlorine
Explanation:
Number of protons (atomic number) = Mass number − Number of neutrons = 37 − 20 =17. The element with atomic number 17 isChlorine.
Carbon and its Compounds · Soaps and detergents

Q43. Why does a soap solution appear cloudy?

  1. (a) Because dirt is suspended in water
  2. (b) Because soap molecules dissolve completely
  3. (c) Because soap micelles are large enough to scatter light
  4. (d) Because hydrocarbons are soluble in water
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Because soap micelles are large enough to scatter light

Correct Answer:
Option 3 – Because soap micelles are large enough to scatter light
Explanation:
In water, soap molecules aggregate into colloidal-sized clusters called micelles. These micelles are large enough (in the colloidal size range) to scatter light (Tyndall effect), which is why a soap solution appears cloudy/turbid rather than clear.
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