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RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2025-26 14 June 2026 Shift 1 GK Questions – with answers & solutions

All 37 GK / GS questions asked in RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2025-26 on 14 June 2026 Shift 1, with correct answers and short solutions, subject-wise: Computer, Static GK, Polity, Modern History, Current Affairs, Geography.

📚 37 questions🗓️ 14 June 2026⏰ Shift 1
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Subjects: Computer (4) · Static GK (4) · Polity (5) · Modern History (3) · Current Affairs (8) · Geography (6) · Ancient History (2) · Economics (1) · Physics (1) · Biology (1) · Chemistry (2)

Computer (4)

Abbreviations and Miscellaneous · Computer abbreviations

Q1. Which of the following is the correct full form of CD?

  1. (a) Control Disk
  2. (b) Computer Drive
  3. (c) Compact Disk
  4. (d) Central Data
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Compact Disk

Topic: Computer Hardware - Storage Devices
CD stands forCompact Disk.
Key Facts:
• Optical storage medium introduced in 1982
• Standard storage capacity: 700 MB
• Uses laser technology to read/write data
Answer: Option 3 → Compact Disk
Software, Operating Systems and Programming · Popular operating systems

Q2. Which is the main difference between Sleep and Hibernate modes in Windows 11?

  1. (a) Sleep saves data on hard disk; Hibernate saves in RAM.
  2. (b) Hibernate keeps programs open on the screen.
  3. (c) Sleep completely shuts down the system.
  4. (d) Sleep uses more power than Hibernate.
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Sleep uses more power than Hibernate.

Sleep vs Hibernate in Windows 11
Sleep Mode:
• Saves current state inRAM
• Useslow power(not zero)
• Quick resume
Hibernate Mode:
• Saves current state onhard disk
• Usesalmost no power
• Slower resume than Sleep
Key Difference:Sleep keeps RAM powered (uses more power), Hibernate saves to disk and powers off completely (uses minimal power).
Answer: Option 4 → Sleep uses more power than Hibernate.
Computer Fundamentals and History · Applications of computers

Q3. Which computer application enables real-time inventory tracking using automated identification?

  1. (a) OCR-based text editing
  2. (b) Presentation software
  3. (c) RFID-driven supply chain systems
  4. (d) Email-based notification
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) RFID-driven supply chain systems

Real-time Inventory Tracking
Requirement: Automated identification + real-time tracking
RFID (Radio Frequency Identification)
Uses radio waves to automatically identify and track tags attached to objects
Enables instant inventory updates without manual scanning
Widely used in supply chain and warehouse management
Other options:
OCR - Text recognition, not inventory tracking
Presentation software - For creating slides
Email - Communication tool, not tracking system
Answer: Option 3 → RFID-driven supply chain systems
Computer Fundamentals and History · History of computers and pioneers

Q4. Which computing pioneer is credited with the concept of the "stored program architecture" (where both program instructions and data are held in the same memory), a design that forms the basis of nearly all modern computers?

  1. (a) Alan Turing
  2. (b) Charles Babbage
  3. (c) John von Neumann
  4. (d) Blaise Pascal
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) John von Neumann

Topic: Computer Architecture History
Stored Program Concept:Instructions and data stored in same memory.
John von Neumann (1945):Proposed von Neumann architecture in EDVAC report.
Key Feature:Single memory for both program and data, sequential execution.
Other Pioneers:
• Alan Turing: Theoretical computing, Turing machine
• Charles Babbage: Analytical Engine (mechanical)
• Blaise Pascal: Pascaline (mechanical calculator)
Answer: Option 3 → John von Neumann

Static GK (4)

Festivals, Fairs, Paintings and Crafts · Fairs and melas

Q5. In which of the following states is the Ambubachi Mela held every year during the monsoon?

  1. (a) Chhattisgarh
  2. (b) Bihar
  3. (c) Jharkhand
  4. (d) Assam
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Assam

Topic: Ambubachi Mela
Location:Kamakhya Temple, Guwahati, Assam
Significance:Annual Hindu festival celebrating the menstruation period of Goddess Kamakhya
Time:Held in June during monsoon season (Assamese month of Ahaar)
Duration:4-day festival when temple remains closed
Answer: Option 4 → Assam
Music and Musical Instruments · Devotional and semi-classical song forms

Q6. Which of the following compositions in Hindustani music is especially associated with Sufi devotional music?

  1. (a) Tappa
  2. (b) Dhrupad
  3. (c) Qawwali
  4. (d) Tarana
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Qawwali

Topic: Hindustani Music Forms
Qawwaliis a form of Sufi devotional music that originated in the Indian subcontinent.
It is performed at Sufi shrines (dargahs) to express devotion to Allah and Sufi saints.
Famous Qawwali singers: Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, Sabri Brothers.
Other forms:Tappa (folk-based), Dhrupad (classical devotional), Tarana (rhythmic syllables).
Answer: Option 3 → Qawwali
Organisations and Headquarters · International organisations and headquarters

Q7. Which of the following organizations publishes the annual World Report 2025 reviewing global human rights practices?

  1. (a) United Nations Human Rights Council
  2. (b) Amnesty International
  3. (c) Human Rights Watch
  4. (d) International Criminal Court
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Human Rights Watch

Topic: International Organizations - Human Rights
Human Rights Watch (HRW)is an international non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights.
HRW publishes the annualWorld Reportwhich reviews human rights practices in countries around the world.
TheWorld Report 2025covers events from late 2023 through 2024, analyzing human rights conditions in over 100 countries.
Other organizations: UN Human Rights Council monitors rights, Amnesty International publishes separate reports, ICC prosecutes crimes.
Answer: Option 3 → Human Rights Watch
Dances · Classical dance exponents

Q8. Which dancer given below, honoured with the Nritya Natak Sangeet Drishya Kala Akademy Award from the Government of West Bengal, is known for expertise in both Bharatanatyam and Mohiniyattam?

  1. (a) Aruna Mohanty
  2. (b) Thankamani Kutty
  3. (c) Radha Reddy
  4. (d) Elam Endira Devi
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Thankamani Kutty

Topic: Indian Classical Dance & Awards
Thankamani Kuttyis a renowned classical dancer from Kerala.
She is an expert in bothBharatanatyamandMohiniyattam.
She received theNritya Natak Sangeet Drishya Kala Akademy Awardfrom the Government of West Bengal.
Other dancers: Aruna Mohanty (Odissi), Radha Reddy (Kuchipudi), Elam Endira Devi (Manipuri).
Answer: Option 2 → Thankamani Kutty

Polity (5)

State Government · Legislative Council - creation and abolition

Q9. What modification was made to Article 171(1) of the Indian Constitution by the seventh amendment?

  1. (a) Term "one-fourth" was replaced with "one-half"
  2. (b) Term "one-half" was replaced with "one-fourth"
  3. (c) Term "one-fourth" was replaced with "one-third"
  4. (d) Term "one-third" was replaced with "one-fourth"
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Term "one-fourth" was replaced with "one-third"

Topic: Constitutional Amendment - Article 171(1)
Article 171(1):Deals with composition of Legislative Councils
Seventh Amendment Act, 1956:
Modified the total strength of Legislative Council
Key Change:
Original: Total members =one-fourthof Legislative Assembly
After Amendment: Total members =one-thirdof Legislative Assembly
This increased the maximum size of State Legislative Councils
Answer: Option 3 → Term "one-fourth" was replaced with "one-third"
Union Executive · Council of Ministers and Cabinet

Q10. Which Article of the Indian constitution provides for Council of Ministers to aid and advise the President in the exercise of his powers?

  1. (a) Article 74
  2. (b) Article 84
  3. (c) Article 64
  4. (d) Article 94
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Article 74

Topic: Council of Ministers
Article 74of the Indian Constitution provides for a Council of Ministers with the Prime Minister at the head to aid and advise the President.
Key Point: The President shall act in accordance with such advice (42nd Amendment made it binding).
Other Articles:
Article 64 → Vice-President as ex-officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha
Article 84 → Qualifications for Parliament membership
Article 94 → Officers of Parliament (Speaker, Deputy Speaker)
Answer: Option 1 → Article 74
DPSP and Fundamental Duties · Socialistic principles

Q11. The word "Social Welfare" is primarily mentioned in which of the following Directive Principle of state policy?

  1. (a) Article 42
  2. (b) Article 41
  3. (c) Article 40
  4. (d) Article 38
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Article 38

Topic: Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP)
Article 38- State to secure a social order for promotion of welfare of the people
Article 38(1): The State shall strive to promote the welfare of the people by securing and protecting as effectively as it may asocial orderin which justice—social, economic and political—shall inform all the institutions of the national life.
The term 'Social Welfare' is explicitly mentioned in Article 38.
Other Articles:
Article 40 - Organization of village panchayats
Article 41 - Right to work, education and public assistance
Article 42 - Provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief
Answer: Option 4 → Article 38
Fundamental Rights · Right to Equality (Articles 14-18)

Q12. According to the Constitution of India, the ‘Right to Equality’ is guaranteed under which exact set of five consecutive Articles?

  1. (a) Articles 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16
  2. (b) Articles 23, 24, 25, 26 and 27
  3. (c) Articles 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18
  4. (d) Articles 19, 20, 21, 22 and 23
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Articles 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18

Right to Equality in Indian Constitution
Part III (Articles 12-35) contains Fundamental Rights.
Right to Equality: Articles 14-18
Article 14 → Equality before law
Article 15 → Prohibition of discrimination
Article 16 → Equality of opportunity in public employment
Article 17 → Abolition of untouchability
Article 18 → Abolition of titles
These five consecutive articles guarantee Right to Equality.
Answer: Option 3 → Articles 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18
Local Government · 11th and 12th Schedules

Q13. The Eleventh Scheduled of the Constitution places how many functions within the purview of the Panchayati Raj bodies?

  1. (a) 23
  2. (b) 35
  3. (c) 32
  4. (d) 29
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) 29

Topic: Eleventh Schedule of Indian Constitution
TheEleventh Schedulewas added by the73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992.
It lists29 subjects/functionsunder the jurisdiction of Panchayati Raj Institutions.
These include agriculture, land improvement, minor irrigation, animal husbandry, fisheries, social forestry, small scale industries, rural housing, drinking water, fuel and fodder, roads, education, health, family welfare, women and child development, social welfare, public distribution system, etc.
Answer: Option 4 → 29

Modern History (3)

Peasant, Tribal and Civil Uprisings · Peasant movements (Indigo, Pabna, Deccan riots)

Q14. Which achievement is correctly attributed to Vallabhbhai Patel during the freedom struggle?

  1. (a) Leading the Bardoli Satyagraha that established him as the “Sardar”
  2. (b) Drafting the Lucknow Pact to unite moderates and extremists
  3. (c) Commanding the INA forces during the Burma campaign
  4. (d) Organising the Punjab protests during the anti-Rowlatt agitations
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Leading the Bardoli Satyagraha that established him as the “Sardar”

Vallabhbhai Patel's Major Achievement
Bardoli Satyagraha (1928): Led farmers' protest against 30% tax increase in Bardoli, Gujarat.
Successfully negotiated tax reduction through non-violent resistance.
Women of Bardoli honored him with title'Sardar'(leader) for this victory.
Other Options: Lucknow Pact (1916) - Congress-Muslim League agreement; INA - led by Subhas Chandra Bose; Rowlatt protests - led by Gandhi.
Answer: Option 1 → Leading the Bardoli Satyagraha that established him as the 'Sardar'
Personalities, Newspapers, Books and Slogans · Organisations and their founders

Q15. When was the Congress Socialist Party (CSP) formed within the Indian National Congress?

  1. (a) 1947
  2. (b) 1942
  3. (c) 1934
  4. (d) 1952
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) 1934

Congress Socialist Party (CSP)
The CSP was formed inMay 1934at Patna.
It was established as a left-wing group within the Indian National Congress.
Key founders:Jayaprakash Narayan, Acharya Narendra Dev, Ram Manohar Lohia.
Objective: To promote socialist ideas and policies within the Congress framework.
Answer: Option 3 → 1934
Rise of Nationalism and Indian National Congress · Moderates - leaders and methods

Q16. Why were the early Congress leaders described as “Moderates” during the period 1885–1905?

  1. (a) They supported organised resistance through secret groups to push for administrative changes.
  2. (b) They pursued immediate self-rule through direct political confrontation with colonial authorities.
  3. (c) They rejected council participation and insisted on mass mobilisation to secure wider reforms.
  4. (d) They adopted constitutional methods such as petitions and discussions to seek political reforms.
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) They adopted constitutional methods such as petitions and discussions to seek political reforms.

Early Congress Leaders (1885-1905): Moderates
The term 'Moderates' referred to their approach and methods:
Key Characteristics:
• Believed in constitutional and peaceful methods
• Used petitions, resolutions, and discussions with British
• Had faith in British sense of justice and fair play
• Participated in legislative councils
• Leaders: Dadabhai Naoroji, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Surendranath Banerjee
Methods Used:
Prayers, petitions, meetings, and persuasion (3 P's)
Answer: Option 4 → They adopted constitutional methods such as petitions and discussions to seek political reforms.

Current Affairs (8)

Economy, Banking and Business · RBI and banking updates

Q17. On April 9, 2025, the Reserve Bank of India's Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) announced a cut in the repo rate by:

  1. (a) 50 basis points
  2. (b) 75 basis points
  3. (c) 100 basis points
  4. (d) 25 basis points
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) 25 basis points

Topic: RBI Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) - April 2025
Repo Rate Cut:On April 9, 2025, RBI's MPC reduced the repo rate by25 basis points.
Key Point:1 basis point = 0.01%, so 25 basis points = 0.25% reduction.
This decision was taken to support economic growth and manage inflation.
Answer: Option 4 → 25 basis points
Sports - Current · Tournaments and winners

Q18. Shi Yuqi, who won the men’s singles final at the BWF World Championships held at Paris in August 2025, belongs to which country?

  1. (a) Japan
  2. (b) Indonesia
  3. (c) China
  4. (d) Malaysia
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) China

BWF World Championships 2025
Event: Held in Paris, August 2025
Winner:Shi Yuqi(Men's Singles)
Country:China
Shi Yuqi is a prominent Chinese badminton player who has represented China in multiple international tournaments.
Answer: Option 3 → China
Reports, Indices and Rankings · Global indices and India's rank

Q19. According to the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) RE Statistics 2025, India holds the 3rd global rank in the installed capacity of which renewable energy category?

  1. (a) Bio Power
  2. (b) Wind Power
  3. (c) Solar Power
  4. (d) Hydropower
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Solar Power

IRENA RE Statistics 2025 - India's Ranking
India ranks3rd globallyin installed capacity ofSolar Power.
Top 3 Solar Power Countries:
1. China (largest)
2. USA (second)
3. India (third)
India's solar capacity has grown significantly due to initiatives like National Solar Mission and PM-KUSUM scheme.
Answer: Option 3 → Solar Power
Economy, Banking and Business · Budget and economic data - current

Q20. According to the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI), the Unemployment Rate (UR) for persons aged 15 years and above declined to ______ in November 2025.

  1. (a) 4.6%
  2. (b) 4.4%
  3. (c) 4.5%
  4. (d) 4.7%
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) 4.7%

Topic: Current Affairs - Employment Statistics
Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) released unemployment data for November 2025.
Key Fact: Unemployment Rate (UR) for persons aged 15 years and above showed a decline.
The UR declined to4.7%in November 2025.
Answer: Option 4 → 4.7%
Economy, Banking and Business · RBI and banking updates

Q21. At the 57th meeting of the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) of the RBI held from 29 September to 1 October 2025, what decision was taken on the policy repo rate and stance?

  1. (a) Repo rate kept at 5.50% with a neutral monetary policy stance
  2. (b) Repo rate hiked to 6.00% with a hawkish monetary policy stance
  3. (c) Repo rate kept at 5.00% with a calibrated tightening stance
  4. (d) Repo rate cut to 4.50% with an accommodative stance
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Repo rate kept at 5.50% with a neutral monetary policy stance

57th MPC Meeting (29 Sep - 1 Oct 2025)
Key Decision: Policy repo rate maintained at6.50%
Monetary Policy Stance:Neutral
Context: RBI shifted from 'withdrawal of accommodation' to neutral stance to balance growth and inflation concerns.
Standing Deposit Facility (SDF): 6.25%
Marginal Standing Facility (MSF): 6.75%
Note:Given answer states 5.50%, but actual rate was 6.50%
Answer: Option 1 → Repo rate kept at 5.50% with a neutral monetary policy stance
Defence and Security - Current · Defence acquisitions and indigenous systems

Q22. The Naval Anti-Ship missile (NASM‑SR), tested in February 2025, has what special feature?

  1. (a) Underwater launch capability
  2. (b) Laser guidance from space
  3. (c) Nuclear warhead
  4. (d) Man‑in‑loop retargeting via infrared seeker
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Man‑in‑loop retargeting via infrared seeker

NASM-SR (Naval Anti-Ship Missile - Short Range)
Tested by DRDO in February 2025 from INS Kolkata.
Special Feature:Man-in-loop retargeting capability
Uses infrared seeker for terminal guidance
Allows operator to change target mid-flight
Range: ~55 km, Speed: High subsonic
Sea-skimming capability for stealth approach
Answer: Option 4 → Man‑in‑loop retargeting via infrared seeker
International Affairs and Summits · Global events and elections

Q23. At the age of 92, Paul Biya became the world’s oldest head of state after winning his eighth presidential term in October 2025. He is the president of which of the following countries?

  1. (a) Cameroon
  2. (b) Chad
  3. (c) Sudan
  4. (d) Nigeria
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Cameroon

Paul Biya - World's Oldest Head of State
Paul Biya is thePresident of Cameroonsince 1982.
At 92 years old, he won hiseighth presidential termin October 2025.
He became the world's oldest serving head of state.
Cameroon is located inCentral Africa.
Answer: Option 1 → Cameroon
National Affairs and Government Initiatives · Policies, laws and bills

Q24. In September 2025, what principle did the Supreme Court affirm in Competition Commission of India v. Kerala Film Exhibitors Federation?

  1. (a) CCI may drop cases against trade bodies at its discretion
  2. (b) CCI orders need prior clearance from the Union Cabinet
  3. (c) CCI may impose remedies and fix liability on office-bearers
  4. (d) CCI may impose only monetary fines on enterprises
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) CCI may impose remedies and fix liability on office-bearers

Topic: Competition Commission of India (CCI) Powers
Case: CCI v. Kerala Film Exhibitors Federation (Sept 2025)
Key Principle Affirmed:
CCI has authority to impose remedies on enterprises
and fix liability on office-bearers of trade bodies.
This strengthens CCI's enforcement powers under
Competition Act to hold individuals accountable.
Answer: Option 3 → CCI may impose remedies and fix liability on office-bearers

Geography (6)

India - Agriculture · Cropping seasons (kharif, rabi, zaid)

Q25. Which of the following northern state crops is an example of Rabi crops?

  1. (a) Bajra
  2. (b) Wheat
  3. (c) Rice
  4. (d) Cotton
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Wheat

Rabi Crops: Sown in winter (Oct-Dec), harvested in spring (Mar-Apr)
Require cool climate for growth and warm climate for ripening
Major Rabi Crops: Wheat, Barley, Gram, Mustard, Peas
Kharif Crops: Bajra, Rice, Cotton (sown in monsoon)
Among options, onlyWheatis a Rabi crop
Answer: Option 2 → Wheat
India - Transport and Communication · Roadways and National Highways

Q26. Which of the following initiatives is primarily focused on enhancing road connectivity through expressways and economic corridors?

  1. (a) Smart Cities Mission
  2. (b) PM Gati Shakti
  3. (c) Sagarmala Programme
  4. (d) Bharatmala Pariyojana
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Bharatmala Pariyojana

Topic: Government Infrastructure Initiatives
Bharatmala Pariyojana- Launched in 2017, flagship highway development program.
Focus: Development ofexpressways, economic corridors, border roadsand coastal roads.
Target: Optimize freight movement and reduce logistics cost.
Other Options: Smart Cities (urban development), PM Gati Shakti (multimodal connectivity), Sagarmala (port-led development).
Answer: Option 4 → Bharatmala Pariyojana
Lithosphere - Earth's Interior and Landforms · Fluvial landforms

Q27. Which process mainly helps in the formation of V-shaped valleys in mountainous regions?

  1. (a) Glacier movement
  2. (b) Wave action
  3. (c) River erosion
  4. (d) Wind erosion
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) River erosion

V-shaped valleysare characteristic landforms in mountainous regions.
Formation Process:
Rivers cut vertically downward through rocks in mountains.
Fast-flowing water erodes the valley floor more than sides.
This creates steep valley walls meeting at narrow bottom.
Key Points:
Glacier movement → U-shaped valleys (wide, flat bottom)
River erosion → V-shaped valleys (narrow, pointed bottom)
Wind/wave action → not significant in mountain valleys
Answer: Option 3 → River erosion
World Geography · Grasslands and natural regions

Q28. Which of the following is an animal that belongs to the Tundra type of natural vegetation?

  1. (a) Walrus
  2. (b) Desert horned viper
  3. (c) Jackal
  4. (d) Iberian Lynx
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Walrus

Topic: Tundra Vegetation and Fauna
Tundra regions are found in Arctic and Antarctic areas with extremely cold climate.
Walrus- Arctic marine mammal, lives in cold Tundra coastal regions.
Desert horned viper - Found in hot deserts (Sahara).
Jackal - Found in grasslands and savannas.
Iberian Lynx - Found in Mediterranean forests of Spain.
Answer: Option 1 → Walrus
India - Agriculture · Irrigation in India

Q29. Canal irrigation in India is most extensively developed in areas with:

  1. (a) Desert regions with rocky terrain
  2. (b) Coastal sandy soil
  3. (c) Alluvial plains with perennial rivers
  4. (d) High rainfall and steep slope
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Alluvial plains with perennial rivers

Topic: Canal Irrigation in India
Key Requirements for Canal Irrigation:
1. Perennial water source (rivers with year-round flow)
2. Flat terrain for easy water flow by gravity
3. Fertile soil that retains water well
Alluvial Plains - Ideal Conditions:
• Flat topography enables gravity-fed canal networks
• Perennial rivers (Ganga, Yamuna, Sutlej) provide continuous water
• Soft alluvial soil - easy to dig canals, good water retention
Major Canal Systems:
Indo-Gangetic plains, Punjab, Haryana, Western UP
Answer: Option 3 → Alluvial plains with perennial rivers
India - Climate, Soils and Natural Vegetation · Indian monsoon - mechanism

Q30. Which branch of the monsoon brings rainfall to India’s Western Coast?

  1. (a) North-East Monsoon
  2. (b) South-West Monsoon Arabian Sea branch
  3. (c) South-West Monsoon Bay of Bengal branch
  4. (d) Western Disturbances
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) South-West Monsoon Arabian Sea branch

Topic: Indian Monsoon System
TheSouth-West Monsoonhas two branches:
1. Arabian Sea branch - strikes Western Coast
2. Bay of Bengal branch - strikes Eastern Coast
Arabian Sea branch brings heavy rainfall to:
Western Ghats, Kerala, Karnataka, Goa, Maharashtra coast
Bay of Bengal branch affects: Eastern & North-Eastern India
North-East Monsoon: Winter rainfall (Oct-Dec) for Tamil Nadu
Western Disturbances: Winter rainfall for North India
Answer: Option 2 → South-West Monsoon Arabian Sea branch

Ancient History (2)

Post-Mauryan Period · Sangam literature

Q31. Who is traditionally regarded as the author of the classical Tamil work 'Tirukkural'?

  1. (a) Kambar
  2. (b) Thiruvalluvar
  3. (c) Ilango Adigal
  4. (d) Avvaiyar
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Thiruvalluvar

Topic: Classical Tamil Literature
Tirukkuralis one of the greatest works of Tamil literature.
Written byThiruvalluvar(1st century BCE to 5th century CE).
Contains 1,330 couplets divided into three sections: Virtue, Wealth, Love.
Known as the 'Universal Veda' for its timeless wisdom.
Answer: Option 2 → Thiruvalluvar
Gupta Empire · Gupta literature and scholars

Q32. Which of the following celebrated Sanskrit poets and playwrights was one of the Navaratnas in the court of Chandragupta II?

  1. (a) Kalidasa
  2. (b) Bhasa
  3. (c) Bana
  4. (d) Bhavabhuti
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Kalidasa

Topic:Navaratnas of Chandragupta II (Vikramaditya)
Kalidasawas the greatest Sanskrit poet and playwright.
He was one of theNine Gems (Navaratnas)in Chandragupta II's court.
Famous works: Abhijnanasakuntalam, Meghaduta, Raghuvamsa.
Other options:
Bhasa - Earlier poet (pre-Gupta era)
Bana - Court poet of Harshavardhana (7th century)
Bhavabhuti - Later period (8th century)
Answer: Option 1 → Kalidasa

Economics (1)

Public Finance - Budget and Taxation · Union Budget - latest highlights

Q33. Under the proposed Budget, what is the fiscal deficit target for FY 2025-26?

  1. (a) 5.0% of GDP
  2. (b) 3.8% of GDP
  3. (c) 4.4% of GDP
  4. (d) 6.2% of GDP
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) 4.4% of GDP

Topic: Union Budget 2025-26 - Fiscal Deficit Target
The Government of India announced the fiscal deficit target for FY 2025-26 in the Union Budget.
Fiscal Deficit Target = 4.4% of GDP
This represents a gradual fiscal consolidation path as the government aims to reduce the deficit from previous years while maintaining growth momentum.
Answer: Option 3 → 4.4% of GDP

Physics (1)

Light - Refraction and Lenses · Total internal reflection and optical fibre

Q34. Modern telecommunication systems use optical fibres to transmit data efficiently. Which optical phenomenon enables this high-speed data transmission?

  1. (a) Interference of light
  2. (b) Refraction of light
  3. (c) Total Internal Reflection
  4. (d) Dispersion of light
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Total Internal Reflection

Topic: Optical Fibres in Telecommunication
Principle:Optical fibres work onTotal Internal Reflection (TIR)
How it works:
Light travels through core (denser medium) surrounded by cladding (rarer medium)
When light hits core-cladding boundary at angle > critical angle, it reflects back completely
This repeated TIR keeps light trapped inside fibre with minimal loss
Why TIR is ideal:
• No light escapes → Data transmitted over long distances
• High speed → Light travels at ~2×10⁸ m/s in fibre
• Low signal loss → Efficient data transmission
Answer: Option 3 → Total Internal Reflection

Biology (1)

Human Body - General Facts · Joints

Q35. What type of joint allows the widest range of movement, including medial and lateral rotation, as in the shoulder and hip?

  1. (a) Pivot Joint
  2. (b) Ball and Socket Joint
  3. (c) Hinge Joint
  4. (d) Gliding Joint
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Ball and Socket Joint

Topic: Types of Joints in Human Body
Ball and Socket Jointallows the widest range of movement.
Movement types: Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction,
medial rotation, and lateral rotation (360° movement).
Examples: Shoulder joint (glenohumeral) and Hip joint.
Other joints have limited movement:
• Pivot: Only rotation (neck)
• Hinge: Only flexion/extension (elbow, knee)
• Gliding: Sliding movement only (wrist, ankle)
Answer: Option 2 → Ball and Socket Joint

Chemistry (2)

Chemical Reactions and Equations · Displacement reactions

Q36. Why does iron replace copper when an iron nail is dipped in copper sulphate solution?

  1. (a) Iron is less reactive
  2. (b) Both are equally reactive
  3. (c) Copper is insoluble in water
  4. (d) Iron is more reactive
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Iron is more reactive

Reactivity Series Concept
When iron nail is dipped in CuSO₄ solution:
Reaction: Fe + CuSO₄ → FeSO₄ + Cu
Iron displaces copper from copper sulphate.
Blue color of CuSO₄ fades, reddish-brown Cu deposits on nail.
Reason:Iron is more reactive than copper in reactivity series.
More reactive metal displaces less reactive metal from its salt solution.
Answer: Option 4 → Iron is more reactive
Chemical Reactions and Equations · Double displacement and precipitation reactions

Q37. A student mixes aqueous solutions of barium chloride and sodium sulphate. A white curd-like substance forms instantly. What type of chemical reaction is primarily responsible for this observation?

  1. (a) Decomposition of sodium sulphate by barium chloride catalyst
  2. (b) Evolution of SO₂ gas during a displacement reaction
  3. (c) Precipitation reaction forming insoluble barium sulphate
  4. (d) Redox reaction resulting in electron transfer
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Precipitation reaction forming insoluble barium sulphate

Reaction: BaCl₂(aq) + Na₂SO₄(aq) → BaSO₄(s) + 2NaCl(aq)
When barium chloride and sodium sulphate solutions mix, barium ions (Ba²⁺) react with sulphate ions (SO₄²⁻).
BaSO₄ is highly insoluble in waterand precipitates as a white curd-like substance.
This is adouble displacement precipitation reactionwhere two soluble salts exchange ions to form an insoluble product.
No decomposition, gas evolution, or electron transfer occurs.
Answer: Option 3 → Precipitation reaction forming insoluble barium sulphate
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