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RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2025-26 14 June 2026 Shift 2 GK Questions – with answers & solutions

All 40 GK / GS questions asked in RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2025-26 on 14 June 2026 Shift 2, with correct answers and short solutions, subject-wise: Current Affairs, Economics, Geography, Static GK, Computer, Physics.

📚 40 questions🗓️ 14 June 2026⏰ Shift 2
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Subjects: Current Affairs (6) · Economics (5) · Geography (6) · Static GK (4) · Computer (4) · Physics (2) · Polity (6) · Modern History (4) · Chemistry (2) · Ancient History (1)

Current Affairs (6)

National Affairs and Government Initiatives · National events and launches

Q1. Through which two Indian states will the newly approved Greenfield High-Speed Corridor, sanctioned in April 2025, pass?

  1. (a) Manipur and Nagaland
  2. (b) Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim
  3. (c) Tripura and Mizoram
  4. (d) Meghalaya and Assam
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Meghalaya and Assam

Topic: Greenfield High-Speed Corridor (April 2025)
The newly approved Greenfield High-Speed Corridor
sanctioned in April 2025 will pass through the
northeastern states ofMeghalaya and Assam.
This corridor aims to improve connectivity and
boost economic development in the Northeast region.
Answer: Option 4 → Meghalaya and Assam
National Affairs and Government Initiatives · National events and launches

Q2. Which union ministry primarily organized the national-level celebration for the 150ᵗʰ anniversary of ‘Vande Mataram’?

  1. (a) Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports
  2. (b) Ministry of Education
  3. (c) Ministry of Home Affairs
  4. (d) Ministry of Culture
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Ministry of Culture

Vande Mataram 150th Anniversary Celebration
Event: National celebration of 150 years of 'Vande Mataram'
Key Facts:
• 'Vande Mataram' was written byBankim Chandra Chatterjeein 1876
• First appeared in the novelAnandamath(1882)
• National song of India, holds cultural significance
Organizing Ministry:
•Ministry of Culturehandles national cultural events
• Responsible for heritage, arts, and cultural celebrations
• Organized nationwide programs for this milestone
Answer: Option 4 → Ministry of Culture
Awards and Honours - Current · International awards - current

Q3. In 2025, which Caribbean Island nation conferred the Honorary Order of Freedom on Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi?

  1. (a) Jamaica
  2. (b) Trinidad and Tobago
  3. (c) Barbados
  4. (d) Saint Lucia
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Barbados

Topic:International Awards 2025
Barbadosconferred theHonorary Order of Freedomon PM Narendra Modi in 2025.
This is Barbados's highest civilian honor.
PM Modi received this during his visit to the Caribbean nation.
Answer: Option 3 → Barbados
State News · State schemes and events

Q4. What is the first phase of Kerala's Motor Vehicle Department (MVD) child safety rule implementation conducted in October 2024?

  1. (a) Enforcement with penalties
  2. (b) Distribution of child restraint systems
  3. (c) Social media awareness campaign
  4. (d) Stopping and warning violators
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Social media awareness campaign

Kerala MVD Child Safety Rule - October 2024
The Motor Vehicle Department (MVD) of Kerala implemented child safety rules in a phased manner.
First Phase (October 2024):
Social media awareness campaign was launched to educate parents and guardians about the importance of child restraint systems in vehicles.
This phase focused on creating public awareness before enforcement began.
Answer: Option 3 → Social media awareness campaign
National Affairs and Government Initiatives · National events and launches

Q5. Where did the Prime Minister of India chair the 7ᵗʰ National Board for Wildlife meeting in March 2025?

  1. (a) Satpura Tiger Reserve
  2. (b) Sariska Tiger Reserve
  3. (c) Gir National Park
  4. (d) Pench National Park
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Gir National Park

7th National Board for Wildlife Meeting - March 2025
The Prime Minister of India chaired the 7th National Board for Wildlife (NBWL) meeting atGir National Park, Gujarat in March 2025.
Key Facts:
• Gir National Park is famous for Asiatic Lions
• Located in Gujarat
• The meeting focused on wildlife conservation and habitat protection
Answer: Option 3 → Gir National Park
International Affairs and Summits · Global events and elections

Q6. In March 2026, Jose Antonio Kast took oath as the President of which of the following countries?

  1. (a) Brazil
  2. (b) Peru
  3. (c) Argentina
  4. (d) Chile
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Chile

Topic: International Current Affairs - Presidential Elections
Jose Antonio Kastis a Chilean politician and lawyer.
He won the Chilean presidential election and took oath as President inMarch 2026.
He represents right-wing political ideology and leads the Republican Party of Chile.
Answer: Option 4 → Chile

Economics (5)

Industry and Infrastructure · LPG reforms of 1991

Q7. Which new industries grew after 1991 due to economic reforms?

  1. (a) Railways and Defence
  2. (b) Banking and Information Technology
  3. (c) Oil and Gas only
  4. (d) Space and Nuclear
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Banking and Information Technology

Economic Reforms of 1991 in India
The 1991 reforms introducedLiberalization, Privatization, and Globalization (LPG).
Key Changes:
• Opened economy to foreign investment and private sector
• Reduced government control over industries
• Encouraged service sector growth
Industries that grew rapidly:
•Banking:Private banks allowed, expansion of financial services
•Information Technology (IT):Software exports boomed, BPO sector emerged
• Telecom, Insurance, and Aviation also expanded
Answer: Option 2 → Banking and Information Technology
Industry and Infrastructure · LPG reforms of 1991

Q8. What is the meaning of globalisation?

  1. (a) Economic isolation of countries from global markets
  2. (b) Reduction in the volume of international trade
  3. (c) Expansion of state ownership across major industries
  4. (d) Integration of a country’s economy with the world economy
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Integration of a country’s economy with the world economy

Globalisation
Definition: Process of integration and interaction among people, companies, and governments worldwide.
Key Features:
• Free flow of goods, services, capital, and technology across borders
• Increased international trade and investment
• Economic interdependence among nations
Answer: Option 4 → Integration of a country's economy with the world economy
External Sector and International Economic Organisations · ADB, AIIB, NDB and other banks

Q9. Which of the following countries became a member of the BRICS’ New Development Bank in May 2025?

  1. (a) Algeria
  2. (b) Tiawan
  3. (c) Luxumberg
  4. (d) Ethopia
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Algeria

BRICS New Development Bank (NDB) - May 2025
Algeriabecame a member of the BRICS New Development Bank in May 2025.
NDB was established in 2014 by BRICS nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa).
Algeria joined as part of the bank's expansion to include more developing economies.
Answer: Option 1 → Algeria
Government Schemes and Economic Reports · Housing, sanitation and rural development schemes

Q10. By what percentage did rural road connectivity improve under the Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) between 2000 and 2020, according to the Ministry of Rural Development?

  1. (a) 80%
  2. (b) 65%
  3. (c) 55%
  4. (d) 40%
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) 80%

Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY)
Launched: December 2000
Objective: Provide all-weather road connectivity to unconnected habitations
Achievement (2000-2020): Rural road connectivity improved by80%
Ministry of Rural Development data confirms this significant improvement
Answer: Option 1 → 80%
Public Finance - Budget and Taxation · Union Budget - latest highlights

Q11. As of Union Budget 2025-26, what is the proposed size of the new Fund of Funds for Startups?

  1. (a) ₹10,000 crore
  2. (b) ₹5,000 crore
  3. (c) ₹12,000 crore
  4. (d) ₹7,500 crore
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) ₹10,000 crore

Union Budget 2025-26: Fund of Funds for Startups
The Finance Minister announced a newFund of Fundsto boost startup ecosystem in India.
Proposed size:₹10,000 crore
Purpose: To provide equity funding support to startups and encourage innovation.
Answer: Option 1 → ₹10,000 crore

Geography (6)

India - Location, Physiography and Neighbours · Islands (Andaman & Nicobar, Lakshadweep)

Q12. Which of the following islands of India is closest to the Malabar Coast?

  1. (a) Nicobar Islands
  2. (b) Andaman Islands
  3. (c) Lakshadweep
  4. (d) Diu Island
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Lakshadweep

Topic: Indian Geography - Islands
Malabar Coast:Southwest coast of India (Kerala, Karnataka)
Location Analysis:
Lakshadweep: 200-400 km off Kerala coast in Arabian Sea
Andaman & Nicobar: Bay of Bengal, 1000+ km from mainland
Diu: Gujarat coast, Arabian Sea but far north
Conclusion:Lakshadweep is the closest island group to Malabar Coast
Answer: Option 3 → Lakshadweep
India - Population and Census · Demographic concepts and transition

Q13. In a population pyramid, a narrow base and a wider top are most likely to indicate which of the following?

  1. (a) High birth rates and low death rates
  2. (b) Low birth rates and high life expectancy
  3. (c) High birth rates and high death rates
  4. (d) Low birth rates and low life expectancy
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Low birth rates and high life expectancy

Population Pyramid Structure:
Narrow base → Few young people →Low birth rates
Wider top → Many elderly people →High life expectancy
This pattern is typical ofdeveloped countries(Japan, Germany, etc.)
Answer: Option 2 → Low birth rates and high life expectancy
India - Drainage System · Lakes of India

Q14. The largest freshwater lake in India is:

  1. (a) Wular Lake
  2. (b) Loktak Lake
  3. (c) Dal Lake
  4. (d) Chilika Lake
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Wular Lake

Topic: Largest Freshwater Lake in India
Wular Lake- Located in Jammu & Kashmir (Bandipora district)
Area: 30-260 sq km (varies seasonally)
Largest freshwater lake in India
Other lakes:
Loktak Lake - Manipur (freshwater, floating phumdis)
Dal Lake - J&K (smaller freshwater lake)
Chilika Lake - Odisha (largest brackish water lagoon, not freshwater)
Answer: Option 1 → Wular Lake
Lithosphere - Earth's Interior and Landforms · Earthquakes and seismic waves

Q15. The zone on Earth where no S-waves are detected is known as:

  1. (a) Active zone
  2. (b) Shadow zone
  3. (c) Seismic belt
  4. (d) Epicentral gap
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Shadow zone

Topic: Seismic Waves and Earth's Interior
S-waves (Secondary waves) cannot pass through liquid.
Earth's outer core is liquid, blocking S-waves.
This creates a zone (103° to 143° from epicenter) where S-waves are not detected.
This zone is called theShadow Zone.
Answer: Option 2 → Shadow zone
India - Minerals, Energy and Industries · Industrial regions and cities

Q16. Which of the following is the most important port-based industrial region in India?

  1. (a) Hyderabad–Bengaluru corridor
  2. (b) Hooghly industrial belt
  3. (c) Ahmedabad–Vadodara region
  4. (d) Chotanagpur plateau region
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Hooghly industrial belt

Port-Based Industrial Regions in India
Hooghly Industrial Belt is located along theHooghly Rivernear Kolkata Port.
Key Features:
• Major port access via Kolkata and Haldia ports
• Industries: Jute, cotton textiles, engineering, chemicals, paper
• Oldest industrial region in India
Other Options:
• Hyderabad-Bengaluru: Inland IT/electronics hub
• Ahmedabad-Vadodara: Inland textile/petrochemical region
• Chotanagpur: Mineral-based inland region
Answer: Option 2 → Hooghly industrial belt
India - Population and Census · Population density

Q17. Population density is defined as the number of people per:

  1. (a) Urban center
  2. (b) Total population
  3. (c) Arable land
  4. (d) Unit of land area
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Unit of land area

Topic: Population Density
Definition:Population density measures how many people live in a specific area.
Formula:Population Density = Total Population / Total Land Area
It is expressed as persons per square kilometer (persons/km²) or persons per square mile.
This helps compare crowding levels across different regions regardless of their total population.
Answer: Option 4 → Unit of land area

Static GK (4)

Dances · Folk dances by state

Q18. Karagattam, a popular folk dance of Tamil Nadu performed mainly by women balancing decorated pots, is dedicated to which deity?

  1. (a) Goddess Kamakshi
  2. (b) Goddess Mariamman
  3. (c) Goddess Meenakshi
  4. (d) Goddess Andal
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Goddess Mariamman

Karagattam Folk Dance
Origin: Tamil Nadu traditional folk dance
Performance: Women balance decorated pots on head
Dedication: Performed to worshipGoddess Mariamman
Significance: Rain goddess and deity of health
Answer: Option 2 → Goddess Mariamman
Awards and Honours · Bharat Ratna

Q19. Who among the following personalities received the Bharat Ratna in 2008 and is widely famous with his performance in 'Mile Sur Mera Tumhara'?

  1. (a) Gangubai Hangal
  2. (b) Bade Fateh Ali Khan
  3. (c) Pandit Bhimsen Joshi
  4. (d) Nayak Gopal
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Pandit Bhimsen Joshi

Topic:Bharat Ratna 2008 & Mile Sur Mera Tumhara
Pandit Bhimsen Joshi(1922-2011) was a legendary Hindustani classical vocalist.
He receivedBharat Ratna in 2008.
He is famously remembered for his iconic performance in the patriotic song'Mile Sur Mera Tumhara'(1988).
He was a master ofKirana Gharanastyle of singing.
Answer: Option 3 → Pandit Bhimsen Joshi
Books and Authors · Modern Indian books and authors

Q20. "The Argumentative Indian," a book discussing Indian history and culture, is authored by:

  1. (a) Jawaharlal Nehru
  2. (b) Shashi Tharoor
  3. (c) Amartya Sen
  4. (d) Ramachandra Guha
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Amartya Sen

The Argumentative Indian
Author:Amartya Sen(Nobel Prize winner in Economics)
Published: 2005
Book explores India's intellectual traditions, secularism, and democratic values through historical essays.
Answer: Option 3 → Amartya Sen
Monuments and Heritage · Temples and religious places

Q21. Who commissioned the Konark Sun Temple?

  1. (a) Chandragupta II
  2. (b) Harshavardhana
  3. (c) Ashoka
  4. (d) Narasimhadeva I
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Narasimhadeva I

Konark Sun Temple
Location: Konark, Odisha (near Puri)
Built by:Narasimhadeva Iof Eastern Ganga Dynasty
Period: 13th century (around 1250 CE)
Dedicated to: Sun God (Surya)
Architecture: Shaped like a giant chariot with 24 wheels
UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1984
Answer: Option 4 → Narasimhadeva I

Computer (4)

Computer Fundamentals and History · History of computers and pioneers

Q22. Which of the following machines was designed by Charles Babbage?

  1. (a) Atanasoff–Berry Computer
  2. (b) UNIVAC
  3. (c) Analytical Engine
  4. (d) ENIAC
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Analytical Engine

Topic: History of Computers
Charles Babbage(1791-1871) is known as the 'Father of Computers'.
He designed theAnalytical Enginein 1837, the first general-purpose mechanical computer.
Other machines: ABC (Atanasoff), UNIVAC & ENIAC (1940s-50s electronic computers).
Answer: Option 3 → Analytical Engine
Software, Operating Systems and Programming · Types of software (system, application, utility)

Q23. A disk defragmenter rearranges file fragments on a hard drive for faster access. Why is this tool classified as system software rather than application software?

  1. (a) It is always visible to the user.
  2. (b) It only works on removable media.
  3. (c) It requires Internet access to run.
  4. (d) It primarily maintains and optimizes storage resources, not domain tasks like writing letters.
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) It primarily maintains and optimizes storage resources, not domain tasks like writing letters.

Topic: System Software vs Application Software
System Software:Manages hardware and system resources (OS, utilities, drivers).
Application Software:Performs user-specific tasks (MS Word, games, browsers).
Disk Defragmenter:
• Reorganizes fragmented files on hard drive
• Optimizes storage and improves system performance
• Maintains hardware resources, not user tasks
It's autility program(system software category).
Answer: Option 4 → It primarily maintains and optimizes storage resources, not domain tasks like writing letters.
MS Office and Productivity Tools · Keyboard shortcuts

Q24. Which of the following keyboard shortcuts is used to paste copied content?

  1. (a) Ctrl + V
  2. (b) Ctrl + C
  3. (c) Ctrl + S
  4. (d) Ctrl + F
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Ctrl + V

Topic:Keyboard Shortcuts
Ctrl + V→ Paste copied/cut content
Ctrl + C→ Copy selected content
Ctrl + S→ Save document
Ctrl + F→ Find/Search text
Answer: Option 1 → Ctrl + V
Computer Memory · Memory units and conversions

Q25. The basic unit of memory used by a computer to store binary data is called a:

  1. (a) Byte
  2. (b) Bit
  3. (c) Word
  4. (d) Nibble
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Bit

Topic:Computer Memory Units
Bit (Binary Digit)is the smallest and most basic unit of memory.
It stores a single binary value: either 0 or 1.
Other units are combinations of bits:
• Nibble = 4 bits
• Byte = 8 bits
• Word = Multiple bytes (system-dependent)
Answer: Option 2 → Bit

Physics (2)

Sound and Waves · Speed of sound in different media

Q26. In which of the following media does sound move the fastest at a particular temperature?

  1. (a) Water
  2. (b) Air
  3. (c) Vaccum
  4. (d) Iron
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Iron

Topic: Speed of Sound in Different Media
Speed of sound depends onelasticity and densityof medium.
Speed hierarchy:Solids > Liquids > Gases
Soundcannot travel in vacuum(no medium).
At room temperature:
Air ≈ 343 m/s
Water ≈ 1480 m/s
Iron ≈ 5130 m/s
Iron (solid) has highest speed among given options.
Answer: Option 4 → Iron
Sound and Waves · Speed of sound in different media

Q27. What is the approximate speed of sound in air at room temperature (approximately 20°C)?

  1. (a) 5000 m/s
  2. (b) 1500 m/s
  3. (c) 343 m/s
  4. (d) 300 m/s
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) 343 m/s

Topic:Speed of Sound in Air
At room temperature (20°C), sound travels through air
at approximately343 m/s.
Key Facts:
• Speed varies with temperature
• Formula: v ≈ 331 + 0.6T (where T in °C)
• At 20°C: v ≈ 331 + 0.6(20) = 343 m/s
Answer: Option 3 → 343 m/s

Polity (6)

DPSP and Fundamental Duties · Swaran Singh Committee and 42nd/86th amendments

Q28. The Fundamental Duties suggested by the Swaran Singh Committee were incorporated through which Constitutional Amendment?

  1. (a) 40ᵗʰ Amendment
  2. (b) 44ᵗʰ Amendment
  3. (c) 42ⁿᵈ Amendment
  4. (d) 48ᵗʰ Amendment
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) 42ⁿᵈ Amendment

Topic: Fundamental Duties - Constitutional Amendment
Swaran Singh Committee (1976)recommended adding Fundamental Duties to the Constitution.
These duties were incorporated through the42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976.
AddedArticle 51Acontaining 10 Fundamental Duties (11th added by 86th Amendment in 2002).
The 42nd Amendment is also known as the'Mini Constitution'due to extensive changes.
Answer: Option 3 → 42ⁿᵈ Amendment
Preamble, Features, Parts and Schedules · Nature of the Constitution (federal, unitary, parliamentary)

Q29. What is a unitary feature of the Constitution of India?

  1. (a) Dual government
  2. (b) Supremacy of the Constitution
  3. (c) Bicameral legislature
  4. (d) Integrated judiciary
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Integrated judiciary

Topic: Unitary vs Federal Features
Unitary Features→ Strong central government, single judiciary, single citizenship, All-India Services
Federal Features→ Dual government, supremacy of Constitution, bicameral legislature
Integrated Judiciary→ Single unified judicial system for Union and States
Supreme Court at top, High Courts and subordinate courts below
This is aunitary feature(unlike USA which has separate federal and state courts)
Answer: Option 4 → Integrated judiciary
Judiciary · Tribunals, Lok Adalats and legal services

Q30. The 42nd Amendment placed tribunals under which Part of the Constitution?

  1. (a) Part XV
  2. (b) Part IX-B
  3. (c) Part XII
  4. (d) Part XIV-A
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Part XIV-A

Topic: Constitutional Amendments - Tribunals
The42nd Amendment Act, 1976added Part XIV-A to the Constitution.
Part XIV-A deals withTribunals(Articles 323A and 323B).
Article 323A:Administrative Tribunals
Article 323B:Tribunals for other matters
This was done to reduce burden on regular courts.
Answer: Option 4 → Part XIV-A
Polity Miscellaneous · Important acts and rights laws (RTI, RTE, etc.)

Q31. Consider the following statements about Right to Information (RTI) and choose the correct option.
I. RTI has become a weapon to ensure maximum fairness and transparency.
II. RTI Act has also been used to enhance the efficiency of the working of the Consumer Forums.

  1. (a) Both I and II are correct
  2. (b) Only I is correct
  3. (c) Neither I nor II is correct
  4. (d) Only II is correct
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Both I and II are correct

Right to Information Act, 2005
Statement I Analysis:
RTI empowers citizens to seek information from public authorities.
It promotes transparency and accountability in governance.
Acts as a tool to check corruption and ensure fairness.
Statement I is CORRECT.
Statement II Analysis:
RTI has been used to obtain information about Consumer Forums.
Citizens can track case status, delays, and functioning.
This has improved efficiency and accountability of Consumer Forums.
Statement II is CORRECT.
Answer: Option 1 → Both I and II are correct
Preamble, Features, Parts and Schedules · Preamble - text and keywords

Q32. Which term in the Preamble indicates that India has an elected head of state, NOT hereditary?

  1. (a) Sovereign
  2. (b) Republic
  3. (c) Socialist
  4. (d) Secular
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Republic

Topic:Preamble of Indian Constitution
Republicmeans the head of state is elected by the people for a fixed term, not a hereditary monarch.
India's President is elected indirectly by an Electoral College, serving a 5-year term.
Other terms: Sovereign (independent), Socialist (social justice), Secular (no state religion).
Answer: Option 2 → Republic
Judiciary · Subordinate courts

Q33. The Gram Nyayalayas Act was enacted in which of the following years?

  1. (a) 2008
  2. (b) 2002
  3. (c) 2006
  4. (d) 2005
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) 2008

Topic: Gram Nyayalayas Act
The Gram Nyayalayas Act was enacted by the Parliament of India in2008.
Purpose: To establish village courts (Gram Nyayalayas) at grassroots level for providing access to justice to citizens at their doorsteps.
Key Feature: Established under Article 243-I of the Constitution to ensure speedy and affordable justice in rural areas.
Answer: Option 1 → 2008

Modern History (4)

Socio-Religious Reform Movements · Ramakrishna Mission and Swami Vivekananda

Q34. Swami Vivekananda represented India at which international event in 1893?

  1. (a) Chicago World’s Parliament of Religions
  2. (b) First Indian National Congress
  3. (c) Hague Peace Conference
  4. (d) London Missionary Conference
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Chicago World’s Parliament of Religions

Swami Vivekananda's Historic Speech - 1893
Event: World's Parliament of Religions held in Chicago, USA
Famous opening: 'Sisters and Brothers of America'
Impact: Introduced Hinduism and Vedanta to the Western world
Answer: Option 1 → Chicago World's Parliament of Religions
Advent of Europeans and British Expansion · Subsidiary Alliance and Doctrine of Lapse

Q35. Which Indian ruler was the first to enter into a Subsidiary Alliance with the British in 1798?

  1. (a) Nizam of Hyderabad
  2. (b) Maharaja of Mysore
  3. (c) Nawab of Oudh
  4. (d) Maharaja of Jaipur
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Nizam of Hyderabad

Subsidiary Alliance System
Introduced byLord Wellesleyin 1798.
Nizam of Hyderabadwas the first Indian ruler to accept this alliance in 1798.
Under this system, Indian rulers had to maintain British troops and accept a British Resident.
Answer: Option 1 → Nizam of Hyderabad
Socio-Religious Reform Movements · Muslim reform movements (Aligarh, Deoband)

Q36. How did Sayyid Ahmad Khan’s Aligarh Movement differ from the Arya Samaj?

  1. (a) Aligarh Movement opposed science, while Arya Samaj rejected old scriptures.
  2. (b) Aligarh Movement rejected modern learning, while Arya Samaj discouraged rational thinking.
  3. (c) Aligarh Movement supported Western-style education, while Arya Samaj promoted Vedic studies.
  4. (d) Aligarh Movement encouraged priestly control, while Arya Samaj rejected monotheism.
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Aligarh Movement supported Western-style education, while Arya Samaj promoted Vedic studies.

Aligarh Movement vs Arya Samaj
Aligarh Movement (Sayyid Ahmad Khan, 1875):
• Founded Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College (later AMU)
• Promoted Western education and modern science among Muslims
• Encouraged rational interpretation of Islam
• Aimed at Muslim social reform through modern learning
Arya Samaj (Swami Dayanand Saraswati, 1875):
• Promoted return to Vedic teachings and scriptures
• Rejected idol worship and priestly dominance
• Emphasized Vedic education and Sanskrit learning
• Advocated Hindu social reform based on ancient texts
Answer: Option 3 → Aligarh Movement supported Western-style education, while Arya Samaj promoted Vedic studies.
Revolt of 1857 · Centres and leaders

Q37. The First War of Independence (1857) began at which place?

  1. (a) Lucknow
  2. (b) Meerut
  3. (c) Kanpur
  4. (d) Delhi
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Meerut

First War of Independence 1857
Started on:10 May 1857
Place:Meerut(cantonment)
Trigger: Indian sepoys revolted against British officers over greased cartridges issue.
Spread: Rebels marched to Delhi next day and declared Bahadur Shah Zafar as Emperor.
Answer: Option 2 → Meerut

Chemistry (2)

Mixtures, Solutions and Separation · Solutions, solubility and concentration

Q38. A solution is prepared by dissolving 15 g of salt in 585 g of water. Calculate the mass percent (w/w) of the solution.

  1. (a) 0.5%
  2. (b) 1.5%
  3. (c) 2.1%
  4. (d) 2.5%
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) 2.5%

Given: Mass of salt = 15 g, Mass of water = 585 g
Formula: Mass percent (w/w) = (Mass of solute / Total mass of solution) × 100
Total mass of solution = 15 + 585 = 600 g
Mass percent = (15/600) × 100 = 2.5%
Answer: Option 4 → 2.5%
Everyday and Industrial Chemistry · Food chemistry (preservatives, sweeteners, additives)

Q39. Starch, a major component of flour and potatoes, is a polysaccharide. What chemical process occurs when starch is heated with water?

  1. (a) Gelatinization
  2. (b) Fermentation
  3. (c) Saponification
  4. (d) Caramelization
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Gelatinization

Topic:Starch and Heat Treatment
Starchis a polysaccharide found in flour, potatoes, rice.
When starch is heated with water:
- Starch granules absorb water and swell
- Granules rupture and release starch molecules
- Forms a thick, gel-like consistency
- This process is calledGelatinization
Other processes:
- Fermentation: breakdown by microorganisms
- Saponification: fat + alkali → soap
- Caramelization: sugar heating (no water)
Answer: Option 1 → Gelatinization

Ancient History (1)

Sources and Prehistoric India · Palaeolithic Age

Q40. Which of the following sites has yielded Acheulian, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic levels?

  1. (a) Bhimbetka Rock Shelters in Madya Pradesh
  2. (b) Chirki-Nevasa in Maharashtra
  3. (c) Paisra in Munger district, Bihar
  4. (d) Adamgarh in Madhya Pradesh
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Bhimbetka Rock Shelters in Madya Pradesh

Topic: Prehistoric Archaeological Sites of India
Bhimbetka Rock Shelters(Madhya Pradesh):
UNESCO World Heritage Site with continuous habitation evidence
Contains all major Palaeolithic phases:Acheulian, Middle Palaeolithic, Upper Palaeolithic, and Mesolithic
Famous for rock paintings spanning multiple prehistoric periods
Other sites have limited cultural sequences:
Chirki-Nevasa: Lower and Middle Palaeolithic only
Paisra: Middle Palaeolithic focus
Adamgarh: Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic mainly
Answer: Option 1 → Bhimbetka Rock Shelters in Madya Pradesh
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