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DPSP and Fundamental Duties PYQs – Polity, SSC & Railway

122 DPSP and Fundamental Duties (Polity) questions asked in recent SSC and Railway exams, newest first, with exam, date & shift, answers and solutions.

📚 122 questionsSSC 36 · Railway 86
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SSC Stenographer 2026 – 15 September 2026 Shift 1 · Important DPSP articles (39A, 40, 44, 45, 48A, 50, 51)

Q1. Under the Constitution of India, which Directive Principle of State Policy (DPSP) serves as the foundational basis for the advocacy of a Uniform Civil Code?

  1. (a) Article 40
  2. (b) Article 44
  3. (c) Article 51
  4. (d) Article 25
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Article 44

Answer: Option 2 — Article 44
Article 44 says the State shall endeavour to secure for the citizens a uniform civil code throughout the territory of India.
That means one law on marriage, divorce, inheritance and adoption for everyone, whatever their religion.
It sits in Part IV as a Directive Principle, so it guides the State but cannot be enforced by a court.
Revision note — Directive Principles and Article 44
• DPSPs are Part IV, Articles 36 to 51, borrowed from the Constitution of Ireland (1937); Article 37 makes them non-justiciable but fundamental in the governance of the country.
• Article 40 — organisation of village panchayats; Article 44 — uniform civil code; Article 51 — promotion of international peace and security.
• Article 25 is not a DPSP at all — it is the Fundamental Right to freedom of conscience and religion in Part III.
• Other DPSPs asked often: 39A free legal aid; 45 early childhood care (86th Amendment, 2002); 48A environment (42nd Amendment, 1976); 50 separation of judiciary from executive.
• Goa has had a common civil code since the Portuguese Civil Code of 1867; Uttarakhand became the first state after independence to enact a UCC, in force from 27 January 2025.
• The Supreme Court urged a UCC in the Shah Bano case (1985) and again in Sarla Mudgal (1995).
Do not mix these up
• Article 44 vs Article 25 — 44 asks the State to unify personal laws; 25 guarantees the freedom to practise religion. One is a directive, the other an enforceable right.
• Article 40 vs Article 243 — 40 is the directive to organise panchayats; Part IX (Article 243 onwards), added by the 73rd Amendment, 1992, gives them constitutional status.
Also asked from this topic: the Article that provides for a Uniform Civil Code (Article 44); the part of the Constitution the UCC belongs to (Directive Principles); the source of the DPSPs (Ireland).
SSC Stenographer 2026 – 10 September 2026 Shift 1 · Important DPSP articles (39A, 40, 44, 45, 48A, 50, 51)

Q2. Which of the following statements best captures the constitutional debate and judicial stance on the implementation of a Uniform Civil Code (UCC) in India?

  1. (a) Article 44 of the Directive Principles mandates the immediate enforcement of a Uniform Civil Code, making it legally binding on all States and citizens without exception.
  2. (b) The Supreme Court in Shah Bano (1985) and Daniel Latifi (2001) ruled that a Uniform Civil Code already exists in India and must be strictly followed in all personal law matters.
  3. (c) Article 44 in the Directive Principles of State Policy urges the State to consider enacting a Uniform Civil Code, but it is not enforceable by courts; implementation requires a parliamentary law balancing secularism and religious freedoms.
  4. (d) The Constitution explicitly prohibits the enactment of a Uniform Civil Code to protect religious minorities under Articles 25 to 28.
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Article 44 in the Directive Principles of State Policy urges the State to consider enacting a Uniform Civil Code, but it is not enforceable by courts; implementation requires a parliamentary law balancing secularism and religious freedoms.

Answer: Option 3 — Article 44 in the Directive Principles of State Policy urges the State to consider enacting a Uniform Civil Code, but it is not enforceable by courts
Article 44 sits in Part IV, the Directive Principles, and Article 37 makes every Directive Principle non-justiciable — a court cannot order the State to enact a UCC.
The courts have only urged Parliament to act, and no Article of the Constitution forbids a common civil code.
Revision note — Uniform Civil Code and Article 44
• Article 44: "The State shall endeavour to secure for the citizens a uniform civil code throughout the territory of India." It is a Directive Principle, not a Fundamental Right.
• Article 37 states that the Directive Principles are not enforceable by any court, yet are fundamental in the governance of the country.
• In the Constituent Assembly the clause was moved by K. M. Munshi and defended by Dr B. R. Ambedkar, against opposition from members who feared for personal laws.
• In the Shah Bano case (1985) the Supreme Court allowed maintenance under Section 125 CrPC and called for a UCC; Parliament then passed the Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act, 1986.
• Sarla Mudgal (1995) and John Vallamattom (2003) again reminded the State of Article 44; Daniel Latifi (2001) upheld the 1986 Act while protecting the divorced woman's maintenance.
• Goa has followed a common civil code since the Portuguese Civil Code of 1867; Uttarakhand became the first state after independence to enact one, in force from 27 January 2025.
• A UCC would replace the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, Hindu Succession Act, 1956, Indian Christian Marriage Act, 1872 and the Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act, 1937.
• The Special Marriage Act, 1954 is already a secular option, open to any two citizens whatever their religion.
Do not mix these up
• Article 44 vs Article 25 — Article 44 is a non-justiciable Directive Principle; Article 25 is an enforceable Fundamental Right to freedom of religion.
• Goa vs Uttarakhand — Goa's common code is inherited from Portuguese law; Uttarakhand is the first state to legislate a UCC after independence.
Also asked from this topic: the Article providing for a UCC (Article 44); the class of principles it belongs to (Directive Principles); the laws it would replace (religious personal laws).
SSC Stenographer 2026 – 10 September 2026 Shift 1 · Important DPSP articles (39A, 40, 44, 45, 48A, 50, 51)

Q3. As of July 28, 2025, has the Uniform Civil Code been implemented across all Indian states?

  1. (a) Yes, in all states
  2. (b) Only in Uttarakhand
  3. (c) Yes, except J&K
  4. (d) No, not nationwide
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) No, not nationwide

Answer: Option 4 — No, not nationwide
A Uniform Civil Code is only a Directive Principle under Article 44, so no such code exists for the whole country.
Uttarakhand enforced its own UCC on 27 January 2025, and Goa has had a common civil code since Portuguese rule — so "only in Uttarakhand" is not accurate either.
Revision note — Uniform Civil Code and Article 44
• Article 44 of Part IV says the State shall endeavour to secure a uniform civil code for the citizens throughout the territory of India.
• It is a Directive Principle and therefore non-justiciable — no court can enforce it.
• A UCC would replace religion-based personal laws on marriage, divorce, inheritance, adoption and maintenance with one common law.
• Uttarakhand became the first state after independence to enact one — the Uttarakhand UCC Act, 2024, passed on 7 February 2024 and brought into force on 27 January 2025.
• Goa already follows the Portuguese Civil Code of 1867, which is why it is often called the only Indian state with a common civil code.
• The Supreme Court pressed for a UCC in the Shah Bano case (1985) and again in Sarla Mudgal (1995).
• The 21st Law Commission (2018) held a UCC was "neither necessary nor desirable at this stage"; the 22nd Law Commission reopened public consultation in June 2023.
Do not mix these up
• Article 44 vs Article 40 vs Article 45 — 44 is the uniform civil code, 40 is the organisation of village panchayats, 45 is early childhood care and education below six years.
• Uttarakhand's UCC vs Goa's civil code — Uttarakhand enacted one in 2024; Goa merely inherited the Portuguese code of 1867.
Also asked from this topic: the Article providing for a Uniform Civil Code (Article 44); the category it belongs to (Directive Principles); the laws it would replace (religious personal laws).
SSC Stenographer 2026 – 9 September 2026 Shift 2 · Socialistic principles

Q4. Which of the following Directive Principles of State Policy is economic in nature?

  1. (a) Article 44 – Uniform Civil Code
  2. (b) Article 43 – Living wage for workers
  3. (c) Article 40 – Village Panchayats
  4. (d) Article 48A - Protection and improvement of environment
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Article 43 – Living wage for workers

Answer: Option 2 — Article 43 – Living wage for workers
Article 43 asks the State to secure a living wage and a decent standard of life for all workers — the classic socialistic, that is economic, Directive Principle.
Article 40 is Gandhian, and Articles 44 and 48A are liberal-intellectual.
Revision note — Directive Principles and their three groups
• The DPSPs are Part IV, Articles 36–51, borrowed from the Constitution of Ireland (1937); Article 37 makes them non-justiciable yet fundamental in the governance of the country.
• Socialistic (economic), part one: 38 social order for welfare · 39 equitable distribution and equal pay for equal work · 39A free legal aid · 41 right to work and education.
• Socialistic (economic), part two: 42 humane conditions of work and maternity relief · 43 living wage · 43A workers in management · 47 nutrition and public health.
• Gandhian: 40 village panchayats · 43 cottage industries · 43B co-operative societies · 46 welfare of SCs, STs and weaker sections · 48 cow slaughter and animal husbandry.
• Liberal-intellectual: 44 uniform civil code · 45 early childhood care below six years · 48A environment and wildlife · 50 judiciary separate from executive · 51 international peace.
• Articles 39A, 43A and 48A were inserted by the 42nd Amendment (1976); Article 43B by the 97th Amendment (2011); Article 45 was recast by the 86th Amendment (2002).
Do not mix these up
• Article 43 vs Article 42 — 43 is the living wage and decent standard of life; 42 is just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief.
• Article 48 vs Article 48A — 48 covers agriculture and animal husbandry, including the cow slaughter ban; 48A covers the environment, forests and wildlife.
Also asked from this topic: the Article giving a living wage (Article 43); the Article on maternity relief (Article 42); the country the DPSPs came from (Ireland).
RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2025-26 – 20 June 2026 Shift 1 · Important DPSP articles (39A, 40, 44, 45, 48A, 50, 51)

Q5. According to Article 39A, the State shall:

  1. (a) provide religious freedom
  2. (b) provide free legal aid
  3. (c) promote international peace and security
  4. (d) provide clean drinking water
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) provide free legal aid

Article 39A - Equal Justice and Free Legal Aid
Part of Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP)
Key Provisions:
• State shall secure equal justice for all citizens
• Providefree legal aidto ensure no one is denied justice due to economic or other disabilities
• Added by42nd Amendment Act, 1976
This ensures access to justice for economically weaker sections
Answer: Option 2 → provide free legal aid
RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2025-26 – 20 June 2026 Shift 1 · Fundamental Duties - Article 51A and list

Q6. How many Fundamental Duties were finally included in the Constitution in 1976 (based on committee recommendations)?

  1. (a) Nine
  2. (b) Seven
  3. (c) Six
  4. (d) Ten
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Ten

Fundamental Duties - 1976 Amendment
Added by42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976
Based onSwaran Singh Committeerecommendations
Originally10 Fundamental Dutieswere added in Article 51A
Later, 11th duty added by 86th Amendment (2002) - education of children
In 1976: Total duties included =10
Answer: Option 4 → Ten
RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2025-26 – 19 June 2026 Shift 1 · Socialistic principles

Q7. Which of the following is NOT a directive mentioned in Article 39 of the Indian Constitution?

  1. (a) Prevention of exploitation of childhood and youth
  2. (b) Equal pay for equal work for both men and women
  3. (c) Promotion of international trade relations
  4. (d) Protection of the strength and health of workers
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Promotion of international trade relations

Topic: Article 39 - Directive Principles of State Policy
Article 39 mentions:
• Equal pay for equal work (men & women) - Clause (d)
• Protection of workers' health & strength - Clause (e)
• Prevention of exploitation of childhood & youth - Clause (f)
• Adequate means of livelihood for all citizens - Clause (a)
• Distribution of material resources for common good - Clause (b)
Promotion of international trade relationsis NOT mentioned in Article 39.
It relates to foreign policy, not DPSP under Article 39.
Answer: Option 3 → Promotion of international trade relations
RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2025-26 – 19 June 2026 Shift 2 · Socialistic principles

Q8. Which Article of the Indian Constitution places the most emphasis on reducing income and status disparities?

  1. (a) Article 38(1)
  2. (b) Article 36
  3. (c) Article 38(2)
  4. (d) Article 39
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Article 38(2)

Topic: Directive Principles of State Policy
Article 38(1):State shall strive to promote welfare of people by securing social order.
Article 38(2):State shall minimize inequalities inincome, status, facilities and opportunitiesamong individuals and groups.
Article 36:Defines 'State' for DPSP purposes.
Article 39:Directs adequate means of livelihood, equal pay, etc.
Article 38(2) specifically targetsreducing disparitiesin income and status.
Answer: Option 3 → Article 38(2)
RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2025-26 – 19 June 2026 Shift 3 · Conflict between FR and DPSP and related cases

Q9. Which judicial doctrine allows laws promoting DPSPs to be protected from being struck down for violating certain Fundamental Rights, as long as they are interpreted harmoniously?

  1. (a) Doctrine of Basic Structure
  2. (b) Doctrine of Harmonious Construction
  3. (c) Doctrine of Protective Discrimination
  4. (d) Doctrine of Severability
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Doctrine of Harmonious Construction

Topic: Constitutional Doctrines & DPSPs
Doctrine of Harmonious Construction:
When laws implementing DPSPs conflict with Fundamental Rights,
courts interpret both provisions together to give effect to both.
Key Principle:
No provision should be rendered meaningless.
Courts balance FR and DPSP through harmonious interpretation.
Example:Article 39(b)(c) laws upheld despite FR challenges.
Answer: Option 2 → Doctrine of Harmonious Construction
RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2025-26 – 19 June 2026 Shift 3 · DPSP - features and classification

Q10. Which resolution from 1931 significantly inspired India’s Directive Principles promoting social and economic justice aims?

  1. (a) Karachi Resolution
  2. (b) Delhi Resolution
  3. (c) Lucknow Resolution
  4. (d) Lahore Resolution
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Karachi Resolution

Topic: Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) - Historical Source
Karachi Resolution (1931)- Passed at Congress session under Sardar Patel's presidency.
Key Features:
• Guaranteed fundamental rights and economic justice
• Advocated for social welfare, labor rights, and equality
• Laid foundation for India's welfare state concept
This resolution directly inspired Part IV (DPSP) of Indian Constitution.
Answer: Option 1 → Karachi Resolution
RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2025-26 – 18 June 2026 Shift 2 · Important DPSP articles (39A, 40, 44, 45, 48A, 50, 51)

Q11. Which Article of the Indian Constitution directs the State to protect and improve the environment?

  1. (a) Article 39A
  2. (b) Article 48A
  3. (c) Article 37A
  4. (d) Article 43A
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Article 48A

Topic:Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP)
Article 48A- Protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wildlife.
Added by42nd Amendment Act, 1976.
Directs the State to protect and improve the environment and safeguard forests and wildlife.
Related:Article 51A(g)- Fundamental Duty to protect environment.
Answer: Option 2 → Article 48A
RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2025-26 – 17 June 2026 Shift 2 · Swaran Singh Committee and 42nd/86th amendments

Q12. When was the Verma Committee Report on Fundamental Duties submitted to the Union Government?

  1. (a) 1998
  2. (b) 2000
  3. (c) 2001
  4. (d) 1999
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) 1999

Verma Committee on Fundamental Duties
The committee was constituted in 1998 under Justice J.S. Verma to review the working of the Constitution, particularly Fundamental Duties.
The committee submitted its report to the Union Government inFebruary 1999.
It recommended making Fundamental Duties more effective and enforceable.
Answer: Option 4 → 1999
RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2025-26 – 17 June 2026 Shift 2 · Swaran Singh Committee and 42nd/86th amendments

Q13. Which of the following Amendments to the Constitution of India introduced Fundamental Duties in the form of Article 51A?

  1. (a) 42ⁿᵈ Amendment, 1976
  2. (b) 24ᵗʰ Amendment, 1971
  3. (c) 44ᵗʰ Amendment, 1978
  4. (d) 52ⁿᵈ Amendment, 1985
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) 42ⁿᵈ Amendment, 1976

Topic: Fundamental Duties - Constitutional Amendment
42nd Amendment Act, 1976introduced Part IVA in the Constitution.
AddedArticle 51Acontaining 10 Fundamental Duties (later 11th added by 86th Amendment, 2002).
Enacted during Emergency period on recommendation ofSwaran Singh Committee.
Other amendments: 24th (1971) - Parliament's power to amend, 44th (1978) - Right to Property, 52nd (1985) - Anti-Defection Law.
Answer: Option 1 → 42ⁿᵈ Amendment, 1976
RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2025-26 – 16 June 2026 Shift 2 · Fundamental Duties - Article 51A and list

Q14. Which of the following Articles of the Indian Constitution deals with the Fundamental Duties?

  1. (a) Article 51
  2. (b) Article 50
  3. (c) Article 51 'A'
  4. (d) Article 52
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Article 51 'A'

Topic: Fundamental Duties - Indian Constitution
Article 51Adeals with Fundamental Duties.
Added by42nd Amendment Act, 1976on recommendation of Swaran Singh Committee.
Originally 10 duties; 11th duty added by86th Amendment, 2002(education of children 6-14 years).
Answer: Option 3 → Article 51 'A'
RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2025-26 – 15 June 2026 Shift 2 · Important DPSP articles (39A, 40, 44, 45, 48A, 50, 51)

Q15. Which of the following Articles of the Indian Constitution provides free legal aid to the poor and weaker sections of the society?

  1. (a) Article 51 A
  2. (b) Article 39 A
  3. (c) Article 29
  4. (d) Article 78
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Article 39 A

Topic: Constitutional Provisions for Legal Aid
Article 39A- Added by 42nd Amendment (1976)
Part IV: Directive Principles of State Policy
Ensures free legal aid to poor and weaker sections
Promotes equal justice and opportunity for all
Other options:
Article 51A → Fundamental Duties
Article 29 → Cultural and Educational Rights
Article 78 → PM's duties to President
Answer: Option 2 → Article 39 A
RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2025-26 – 14 June 2026 Shift 1 · Socialistic principles

Q16. The word "Social Welfare" is primarily mentioned in which of the following Directive Principle of state policy?

  1. (a) Article 42
  2. (b) Article 41
  3. (c) Article 40
  4. (d) Article 38
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Article 38

Topic: Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP)
Article 38- State to secure a social order for promotion of welfare of the people
Article 38(1): The State shall strive to promote the welfare of the people by securing and protecting as effectively as it may asocial orderin which justice—social, economic and political—shall inform all the institutions of the national life.
The term 'Social Welfare' is explicitly mentioned in Article 38.
Other Articles:
Article 40 - Organization of village panchayats
Article 41 - Right to work, education and public assistance
Article 42 - Provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief
Answer: Option 4 → Article 38
RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2025-26 – 14 June 2026 Shift 2 · Swaran Singh Committee and 42nd/86th amendments

Q17. The Fundamental Duties suggested by the Swaran Singh Committee were incorporated through which Constitutional Amendment?

  1. (a) 40ᵗʰ Amendment
  2. (b) 44ᵗʰ Amendment
  3. (c) 42ⁿᵈ Amendment
  4. (d) 48ᵗʰ Amendment
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) 42ⁿᵈ Amendment

Topic: Fundamental Duties - Constitutional Amendment
Swaran Singh Committee (1976)recommended adding Fundamental Duties to the Constitution.
These duties were incorporated through the42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976.
AddedArticle 51Acontaining 10 Fundamental Duties (11th added by 86th Amendment in 2002).
The 42nd Amendment is also known as the'Mini Constitution'due to extensive changes.
Answer: Option 3 → 42ⁿᵈ Amendment
RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2025-26 – 14 June 2026 Shift 3 · Swaran Singh Committee and 42nd/86th amendments

Q18. Fundamental Duties of the citizens were enumerated by the 42nd Amendment of the Constitution, adopted in the year:

  1. (a) 1986
  2. (b) 1966
  3. (c) 1976
  4. (d) 1988
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) 1976

Topic: Fundamental Duties - Constitutional Amendment
The42nd Amendment Act, 1976added Part IV-A to the Constitution.
This amendment introduced10 Fundamental Dutiesunder Article 51-A.
Later, the86th Amendment, 2002added the 11th duty (education of children).
The 42nd Amendment is also called the'Mini Constitution'due to extensive changes.
Answer: Option 3 → 1976
RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2025-26 – 13 June 2026 Shift 2 · Socialistic principles

Q19. Provision for “just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief” under the Directive Principle of State Policy (DPSP) is contained in:

  1. (a) Article 47
  2. (b) Article 41
  3. (c) Article 43
  4. (d) Article 42
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Article 42

Topic: Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP)
Article 42- Organization of work and maternity relief
Provides for just and humane conditions of work
Ensures maternity relief for women workers
Other Articles:
Article 41 - Right to work, education, public assistance
Article 43 - Living wage and conditions of work
Article 47 - Public health and nutrition
Answer: Option 4 → Article 42
RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2025-26 – 13 June 2026 Shift 2 · DPSP - features and classification

Q20. Dr. BR Ambedkar described Directive Principles of State Policy as ______________.

  1. (a) an essential feature
  2. (b) an inalienable feature
  3. (c) a novel feature
  4. (d) a fundamental feature
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) a novel feature

Topic: Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP)
Dr. BR Ambedkar described DPSP as'a novel feature'of the Indian Constitution.
Novel means new and unique - borrowed from the Irish Constitution.
DPSP are non-justiciable guidelines for state policy-making.
Answer: Option 3 → a novel feature
RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2025-26 – 13 June 2026 Shift 3 · Swaran Singh Committee and 42nd/86th amendments

Q21. Which of the following Fundamental Duties was added in the Constitution by the 86ᵗʰ Constitution Amendment Act, 2002?

  1. (a) To value and preserve the rich heritage of the country's composite culture
  2. (b) To develop scientific temper
  3. (c) To protect and improve the natural environment
  4. (d) To provide opportunities for education to a child or ward between ages six and fourteen
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) To provide opportunities for education to a child or ward between ages six and fourteen

Topic: Fundamental Duties - Constitutional Amendment
86th Amendment Act, 2002:
Added Article 21A - Right to Education (6-14 years)
Added new Fundamental Duty under Article 51A(k)
Duty: Parent/guardian to provide education opportunity to child (6-14 years)
Other Options:
Options 1, 2, 3 - Added by 42nd Amendment Act, 1976
Answer: Option 4 → To provide opportunities for education to a child or ward between ages six and fourteen
SSC GD 2026 – 30 May 2026 Shift 2 · Important DPSP articles (39A, 40, 44, 45, 48A, 50, 51)

Q22. With reference to the Directive Principles of State Policy of the Indian Constitution, which of the following statements is correct?
Statement I: Article 39 relates to the state securing a social order for the promotion of public welfare.
Statement II: Article 40 relates to the organisation of village panchayats.

  1. (a) Only I
  2. (b) Only II
  3. (c) Both I and II
  4. (d) Neither I nor II
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Only II

Correct Answer: Only II (Option 2)
Statement I is INCORRECT: It is Article 38 (not Article 39) that directs the state to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the people. Article 39 contains certain principles of policy such as adequate means of livelihood, equal pay for equal work, and protection of children.
Statement II is CORRECT: Article 40 of the Indian Constitution directs the state to organise village panchayats and endow them with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as units of self-government.
Therefore, only Statement II is correct.
SSC GD 2026 – 29 May 2026 Shift 2 · Important DPSP articles (39A, 40, 44, 45, 48A, 50, 51)

Q23. Which of the following statements is correct about Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) in the Indian Constitution?
I. Article 47 is related to separation of judiciary from executive.
II. Article 50 is related to promotion of international peace and security.

  1. (a) Only I
  2. (b) Only II
  3. (c) Both I and II
  4. (d) Neither I nor II
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Neither I nor II

Correct Answer: Neither I nor II — Option (d)
Both statements are INCORRECT — Article 47 is about nutrition/public health (NOT separation of judiciary from executive), and Article 50 is about separation of judiciary from executive (NOT international peace and security). About the correct Articles: Article 47 (correct content): Duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health; It directs the State to raise nutrition levels, standard of living, and improve public health; It also directs to prohibit intoxicating drinks and drugs injurious to health; It is in Part IV (Directive Principles of State Policy, Articles 36-51); Article 50 (correct content): Separation of judiciary from executive; The State shall take steps to separate the judiciary from the executive in the public services of the State; This DPSP aims at ensuring judicial independence; What Statement I claims (WRONG): Article 47 = Separation of judiciary from executive — FALSE (this is Article 50); What Statement II claims (WRONG): Article 50 = Promotion of international peace and security — FALSE (this is Article 51); Article 51 (correct content): Promotion of international peace and security; The State shall endeavour to: promote international peace and security, maintain just and honourable relations between nations, foster respect for international law, encourage settlement of international disputes by arbitration; Correct mapping of key DPSP articles: Article 44: Uniform Civil Code; Article 45: Free and compulsory education for children (up to 14 years, now modified by 86th Amendment); Article 46: Promotion of educational and economic interests of SCs, STs, and other weaker sections; Article 47: Raise level of nutrition and standard of living + improve public health (prohibit intoxicating drinks); Article 48: Organisation of agriculture and animal husbandry; Article 48A: Protection of environment and safeguarding forests and wildlife (added by 42nd Amendment); Article 49: Protection of monuments and places of national importance; Article 50: Separation of judiciary from executive; Article 51: Promotion of international peace and security.
Option (a) Only I — Incorrect: Statement I is INCORRECT — Article 47 deals with the 'Duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health' (NOT separation of judiciary from executive); separation of judiciary from executive is Article 50; since Statement I is false, 'Only I' cannot be the answer.
Option (b) Only II — Incorrect: Statement II is INCORRECT — Article 50 deals with 'Separation of judiciary from executive' (NOT promotion of international peace and security); promotion of international peace and security is covered under Article 51; since Statement II is false, 'Only II' cannot be the answer.
Option (c) Both I and II — Incorrect: BOTH statements are INCORRECT; Article 47 ≠ Separation of judiciary from executive (that's Article 50); Article 50 ≠ Promotion of international peace and security (that's Article 51); the candidate incorrectly selected this option; the correct answer is 'Neither I nor II' as both statements wrongly attribute content to these Articles.
SSC GD 2026 – 27 May 2026 Shift 2 · Swaran Singh Committee and 42nd/86th amendments

Q24. Fundamental Duties were added to the Indian Constitution by which amendment?

  1. (a) 42nd Amendment
  2. (b) 44th Amendment
  3. (c) 52nd Amendment
  4. (d) 61st Amendment
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) 42nd Amendment

Correct Answer: 42nd Amendment — Option (a)
The Fundamental Duties were added to the Indian Constitution by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976. About Fundamental Duties: Added by: 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976 (during the Emergency period under PM Indira Gandhi); On the recommendation of: Swaran Singh Committee (1976); Inserted as: Article 51A in Part IV-A of the Constitution; Originally: 10 Fundamental Duties were added; 11th Duty added: By the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002 — relating to parents/guardians to provide opportunities for education to their children between 6-14 years; Inspired by: Soviet Constitution (USSR); The 11 Fundamental Duties (Article 51A): (a) Abide by the Constitution, respect the National Flag and National Anthem; (b) Cherish and follow noble ideals of freedom struggle; (c) Uphold and protect sovereignty, unity and integrity of India; (d) Defend the country and render national service; (e) Promote harmony and spirit of common brotherhood; (f) Value and preserve rich heritage of composite culture; (g) Protect and improve the natural environment; (h) Develop scientific temper, humanism and spirit of inquiry; ( i ) Safeguard public property; (j) Strive towards excellence in individual and collective activity; (k) Provide opportunities for education to children aged 6-14 years; About other amendments: 44th Amendment (1978): Restored some provisions changed by 42nd Amendment; deleted Right to Property from Fundamental Rights (made it a legal right under Article 300A); 52nd Amendment (1985): Added 10th Schedule — Anti-defection law; 61st Amendment (1989): Reduced voting age from 21 to 18 years.
Option (b) 44th Amendment — Incorrect: The 44th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1978 was enacted to restore some provisions changed by the 42nd Amendment; it deleted Right to Property from Fundamental Rights (Article 19(1)(f) and Article 31) and made it a constitutional right under Article 300A; it did NOT add Fundamental Duties — those were added by the 42nd Amendment in 1976. The candidate selected the 61st Amendment (opt d) as wrong answer.
Option (c) 52nd Amendment — Incorrect: The 52nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1985 added the Tenth Schedule to the Constitution — the anti-defection law that prevents elected members from switching parties; it has nothing to do with Fundamental Duties, which were added by the 42nd Amendment in 1976.
Option (d) 61st Amendment — Incorrect: The 61st Constitutional Amendment Act, 1989 reduced the voting age from 21 years to 18 years (by amending Article 326), making India one of the countries with the lowest voting age; it did NOT add Fundamental Duties — those were added by the 42nd Amendment in 1976. The candidate selected this incorrect option.
SSC GD 2026 – 26 May 2026 Shift 1 · Swaran Singh Committee and 42nd/86th amendments

Q25. Which committee recommended the inclusion of Fundamental Duties?

  1. (a) Swaran Singh Committee
  2. (b) Rajmannar Committee
  3. (c) Sarkaria Commission
  4. (d) Balwant Rai Mehta Committee
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Swaran Singh Committee

Correct Answer: Swaran Singh Committee — Option (a)
The Swaran Singh Committee (1976) recommended the inclusion of Fundamental Duties in the Indian Constitution. About Swaran Singh Committee: Constituted by: The Congress party/Government (during the Emergency period of 1975-77); Named after: Sardar Swaran Singh, a senior Congress leader and veteran politician; Year: 1976; Purpose: To recommend changes/amendments to the Constitution; Key recommendation: The committee recommended the addition of Fundamental Duties for citizens; Result: Based on this recommendation, the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976 was passed, which added Part IVA (Article 51A) containing 10 Fundamental Duties; About Fundamental Duties (Article 51A): Originally 10 duties were added in 1976 by the 42nd Amendment; An 11th duty was added by the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002 (duty of parents to provide education to children aged 6-14 years); Fundamental Duties are NOT justiciable (cannot be enforced by courts); They apply to all citizens of India; Source: Inspired by the Constitution of the USSR (Soviet Union); About other committees: Rajmannar Committee (1969): Formed by Tamil Nadu government, recommended greater autonomy to states; Sarkaria Commission (1983): Centre-State relations; Balwant Rai Mehta Committee (1957): Recommended Panchayati Raj system — three-tier system of rural local self-government.
Option (b) Rajmannar Committee — Incorrect: The Rajmannar Committee (1969) was appointed by the Tamil Nadu state government to examine Centre-State relations and recommended greater autonomy for states — it had nothing to do with Fundamental Duties.
Option (c) Sarkaria Commission — Incorrect: The Sarkaria Commission (1983-1988) was set up to examine Centre-State relations and recommend changes — it had no connection with recommending Fundamental Duties.
Option (d) Balwant Rai Mehta Committee — Incorrect: The Balwant Rai Mehta Committee (1957) recommended the establishment of a three-tier Panchayati Raj system in India — it was NOT related to Fundamental Duties; the Swaran Singh Committee is correct. The candidate selected this incorrect option.
RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2025-26 – 9 May 2026 Shift 2 · DPSP - features and classification

Q26. Which of the following statements about the Directive Principles of State Policy is correct?

  1. (a) They are absolute and cannot be amended under any circumstance.
  2. (b) They are non-justiciable guidelines that aim to establish a just society.
  3. (c) They are enforceable by the courts as Fundamental Rights.
  4. (d) They can be enforced by any citizen through writ petitions.
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) They are non-justiciable guidelines that aim to establish a just society.

Topic:Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP)
Key Features of DPSP (Part IV, Articles 36-51):
1.Non-justiciable- Cannot be enforced in courts
2. Guidelines for state to establish welfare state
3.Can be amendedby Parliament (not absolute)
4. Not enforceable through writs (unlike Fundamental Rights)
Purpose:Establish social and economic democracy
Answer: Option 2 → They are non-justiciable guidelines that aim to establish a just society.
RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2025-26 – 9 May 2026 Shift 3 · Important DPSP articles (39A, 40, 44, 45, 48A, 50, 51)

Q27. The provision for organising village panchayats is mentioned under which Article of the Indian Constitution?

  1. (a) Article 50
  2. (b) Article 40
  3. (c) Article 13
  4. (d) Article 37
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Article 40

Topic: Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP)
Article 40of the Indian Constitution deals with the organization of village panchayats.
It directs the State to organize village panchayats and endow them with necessary powers and authority to function as units of self-government.
This provision falls under Part IV (DPSP) of the Constitution.
Answer: Option 2 → Article 40
RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2025-26 – 8 May 2026 Shift 1 · DPSP - features and classification

Q28. Directive Principles collectively aim to achieve which ideals prominently declared in the Constitution’s Preamble?

  1. (a) Justice, liberty, equality, fraternity
  2. (b) Property, privilege, hierarchy
  3. (c) Unity, diversity and fraternity
  4. (d) Sovereignty, security and hierarchy
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Justice, liberty, equality, fraternity

Topic: Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP)
Constitutional Link:
Preamble declares: Justice (social, economic, political), Liberty, Equality, Fraternity
DPSP (Part IV) are non-justiciable guidelines for state policy
They aim to establish a welfare state by promoting:
• Social and economic justice
• Equal opportunities and rights
• Fraternity through national integration
Key Point:
DPSPs are instruments to achieve Preamble's ideals in governance
Answer: Option 1 → Justice, liberty, equality, fraternity
RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2025-26 – 8 May 2026 Shift 3 · Socialistic principles

Q29. Provision for 'living wage' and 'decent standard of life' for workers under the Directive Principle of State Policy (DPSP) is contained in which of the following Articles of the Indian Constitution?

  1. (a) Article 43
  2. (b) Article 47
  3. (c) Article 42
  4. (d) Article 41
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Article 43

Topic: Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP)
Article 43- Living wage, conditions of work, and decent standard of life for workers.
Article 41- Right to work, education, and public assistance.
Article 42- Just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief.
Article 47- Duty to raise nutrition level and standard of living.
Article 43 specifically mandates living wage and decent standard of life for workers.
Answer: Option 1 → Article 43
RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2025-26 – 7 May 2026 Shift 2 · DPSP - features and classification

Q30. As per the Indian Constitution, the Directive Principles of State Policy are ___________.

  1. (a) Justiciable only during emergencies
  2. (b) Justiciable and legally enforceable
  3. (c) Non-justiciable but fundamental in governance
  4. (d) Purely administrative rules
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Non-justiciable but fundamental in governance

Topic: Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP)
Constitutional Provision:Part IV, Articles 36-51
Key Features:
1. Non-justiciable - Cannot be enforced in court of law
2. Fundamental in governance - Guide state policy-making
3. Complement Fundamental Rights
Article 37:DPSPs are not enforceable by any court but are fundamental in governance of the country.
Answer: Option 3 → Non-justiciable but fundamental in governance
RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2025-26 – 27 March 2026 Shift 2 · Socialistic principles

Q31. Which Article of the Indian Constitution obligates the State to secure equal pay for men and women doing comparable work?

  1. (a) Article 39(d)
  2. (b) Article 47(a)
  3. (c) Article 38(1)
  4. (d) Article 42
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Article 39(d)

Topic:Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP)
Article 39(d)- Equal pay for equal work
States that men and women workers shall have the right to equal pay for equal work.
Other options:
Article 47 - Raising nutrition levels and standard of living
Article 38(1) - Promoting welfare and social order
Article 42 - Just and humane conditions of work
Answer: Option 1 → Article 39(d)
RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2025-26 – 27 March 2026 Shift 3 · DPSP - features and classification

Q32. Which of the following statements about the Directive Principles of State Policy of the Indian Constitution is NOT correct?

  1. (a) They represent the aspirations of the people
  2. (b) They embody ideals of socio-economic justice
  3. (c) They are legally enforceable by courts
  4. (d) They guide the legislature and executive
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) They are legally enforceable by courts

Topic: Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP)
Key Facts about DPSP (Part IV, Articles 36-51):
1. They areNOT justiciable(cannot be enforced by courts)
2. They represent people's aspirations and socio-economic justice ideals
3. They guide the State in policy-making and governance
Analysis of Options:
Options 1, 2, 4 → Correct statements about DPSP
Option 3 →INCORRECT- DPSPs are non-justiciable (Article 37)
Answer: Option 3 → They are legally enforceable by courts
RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2025-26 – 25 March 2026 Shift 1 · DPSP - features and classification

Q33. According to L. M. Singhvi, what are the Directive Principles of State Policy considered as?

  1. (a) Fundamental Rights
  2. (b) Moral Rights
  3. (c) Legal Rights
  4. (d) Life-giving provisions of the Constitution
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Life-giving provisions of the Constitution

L. M. Singhvi's View on DPSPs
L. M. Singhvi was a renowned jurist and constitutional expert.
He described theDirective Principles of State Policy (DPSPs)as the'Life-giving provisions of the Constitution'.
This metaphor emphasizes that DPSPs provide vitality and direction to the Constitution by guiding state policy towards social and economic justice.
Unlike Fundamental Rights (justiciable), DPSPs are non-justiciable but fundamental in governance.
Answer: Option 4 → Life-giving provisions of the Constitution
RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2025-26 – 25 March 2026 Shift 2 · Socialistic principles

Q34. Article 47 deals with which of the following?

  1. (a) Participation of workers in management
  2. (b) Organization of agriculture
  3. (c) Protection of environment
  4. (d) Raising the level of nutrition and public health
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Raising the level of nutrition and public health

Article 47 - Directive Principles of State Policy
Article 47 mandates the State to raise the level of nutrition and standard of living of people and improve public health.
Key provisions:
• Duty to raise nutrition levels
• Improve standard of living
• Improve public health
• Prohibition of intoxicating drinks and drugs (except medicinal purposes)
Note: Article 43A deals with workers' participation in management.
Answer: Option 4 → Raising the level of nutrition and public health
RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2025-26 – 25 March 2026 Shift 3 · Gandhian principles

Q35. Which of the following Articles was inserted into the Directive Principles of State Policy of the Indian Constitution by the Constitution (Ninety-seventh Amendment) Act of 2011?

  1. (a) Article 43B - Promotion of co-operative societies
  2. (b) Article 43A - Participation of workers in management of industries
  3. (c) Article 48A - Protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wild life
  4. (d) Article 39A - Equal justice and free legal aid
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Article 43B - Promotion of co-operative societies

Constitution (97th Amendment) Act, 2011
This amendment addedArticle 43Bto Part IV (DPSP).
Article 43B:The State shall endeavour to promote voluntary formation, autonomous functioning, democratic control and professional management of co-operative societies.
Other options were added earlier:
• Article 43A - 42nd Amendment, 1976
• Article 48A - 42nd Amendment, 1976
• Article 39A - 42nd Amendment, 1976
Answer: Option 1 → Article 43B - Promotion of co-operative societies
RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2025-26 – 24 March 2026 Shift 1 · Important DPSP articles (39A, 40, 44, 45, 48A, 50, 51)

Q36. Which of the following Articles of the Indian Constitution provides for a Uniform Civil Code (UCC)?

  1. (a) Article 44
  2. (b) Article 46
  3. (c) Article 48
  4. (d) Article 42
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Article 44

Topic: Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP)
Article 44- Uniform Civil Code for citizens
States shall endeavor to secure a UCC throughout India.
Part of DPSP (Articles 36-51), not justiciable.
Other options:
Article 46 - Promotion of educational and economic interests of SCs/STs
Article 48 - Organization of agriculture and animal husbandry
Article 42 - Provision for just and humane conditions of work
Answer: Option 1 → Article 44
RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2025-26 – 24 March 2026 Shift 1 · Socialistic principles

Q37. Which Article of the Directive Principles of State Policy enshrines the principle of equal pay for equal work for both men and women in India?

  1. (a) Article 39
  2. (b) Article 43
  3. (c) Article 41
  4. (d) Article 44
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Article 39

Topic: Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP)
Article 39deals with certain principles of policy to be followed by the State.
Article 39(d)specifically states: Equal pay for equal work for both men and women.
Other options:
Article 41 → Right to work, education, and public assistance
Article 43 → Living wage and working conditions
Article 44 → Uniform Civil Code
Answer: Option 1 → Article 39
RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2025-26 – 24 March 2026 Shift 3 · Socialistic principles

Q38. Which Article of the Indian Constitution mandates the provision of humane working conditions and maternity relief?

  1. (a) Article 42
  2. (b) Article 48
  3. (c) Article 41
  4. (d) Article 44
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Article 42

Topic: Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP)
Article 42- Just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief
Key Fact: Part IV of Constitution contains DPSP (Articles 36-51)
Article 42 directs the State to make provisions for:
• Securing just and humane conditions of work
• Maternity relief for women workers
Other options:
Article 41 - Right to work, education, public assistance
Article 44 - Uniform Civil Code
Article 48 - Organization of agriculture and animal husbandry
Answer: Option 1 → Article 42
RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2025-26 – 22 March 2026 Shift 1 · Gandhian principles

Q39. According to the Gandhian principles incorporated in the Directive Principles of State Policy, the State shall endeavor to promote:

  1. (a) Industrialization in urban areas
  2. (b) Foreign trade agreements
  3. (c) Large-scale corporate farming
  4. (d) Cottage industries on an individual or cooperative basis in rural areas
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Cottage industries on an individual or cooperative basis in rural areas

Topic: Directive Principles - Gandhian Principles
Article 43:State shall endeavor to promote cottage industries on individual or cooperative basis in rural areas.
This reflects Gandhi's vision of village self-sufficiency and decentralized economy.
Other Gandhian DPSPs include prohibition (Art 47), protection of cows (Art 48), and panchayati raj (Art 40).
Answer: Option 4 → Cottage industries on an individual or cooperative basis in rural areas
RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2025-26 – 22 March 2026 Shift 2 · Gandhian principles

Q40. Which Article, added by the 97th Amendment Act, 2011, promotes the professional management of co-operative societies?

  1. (a) Article 43B
  2. (b) Article 43A
  3. (c) Article 48A
  4. (d) Article 38
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Article 43B

Topic: Constitutional Amendment - Co-operative Societies
97th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2011:
Added Part IXB (Articles 243ZH to 243ZT) to the Constitution.
Deals with co-operative societies and their governance.
Article 43Bwas inserted in Part IV (DPSP).
It promotes voluntary formation, autonomous functioning,
democratic control, andprofessional managementof
co-operative societies.
Answer: Option 1 → Article 43B
RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2025-26 – 19 March 2026 Shift 1 · Swaran Singh Committee and 42nd/86th amendments

Q41. Through which Constitutional Amendment were the Fundamental Duties incorporated into the Constitution?

  1. (a) 42nd Amendment, 1976
  2. (b) 97th Amendment, 2011
  3. (c) 52nd Amendment, 1985
  4. (d) 61st Amendment, 1989
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) 42nd Amendment, 1976

Topic: Fundamental Duties - Constitutional Amendment
42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976
Added Part IVA to the Constitution
Inserted Article 51A containing 10 Fundamental Duties
Enacted during Emergency period under Indira Gandhi
Based on Swaran Singh Committee recommendations
Note:11th duty added by 86th Amendment, 2002
(Duty of parents to provide education to children 6-14 years)
Answer: Option 1 → 42nd Amendment, 1976
RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2025-26 – 19 March 2026 Shift 2 · DPSP - features and classification

Q42. What kind of justice do the Directive Principles of State Policy of the Indian Constitution mainly aim to achieve?

  1. (a) All legal justice
  2. (b) Religious justice
  3. (c) Economic and social justice
  4. (d) Political justice
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Economic and social justice

Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP)
Constitutional Provision: Part IV (Articles 36-51)
Primary Objective:
Establish welfare state througheconomic and social justice
Key Focus Areas:
• Equal pay for equal work (Art 39)
• Right to work, education (Art 41)
• Living wage and decent standard of life (Art 43)
• Uniform Civil Code (Art 44)
These principles aim to reduce inequalities in income, status, and opportunities.
Answer: Option 3 → Economic and social justice
RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2025-26 – 19 March 2026 Shift 3 · Important DPSP articles (39A, 40, 44, 45, 48A, 50, 51)

Q43. Which Article of the Indian Constitution was given practical effect through the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992, leading to the establishment of the Panchayati Raj System in India?

  1. (a) Article 56
  2. (b) Article 48
  3. (c) Article 38
  4. (d) Article 40
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Article 40

Topic: Panchayati Raj System - Constitutional Provision
Article 40(DPSP) directs the State to organize village panchayats and endow them with necessary powers.
The73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992gave practical effect to Article 40 by adding Part IX (Articles 243-243O) to the Constitution.
This amendment made Panchayati Raj institutions constitutional bodies with defined structure, powers, and functions.
Answer: Option 4 → Article 40
RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2025-26 – 18 March 2026 Shift 2 · Important DPSP articles (39A, 40, 44, 45, 48A, 50, 51)

Q44. Providing free legal aid under Article 39A indirectly promotes which Preamble objective?

  1. (a) Republic
  2. (b) Secularism
  3. (c) Sovereignty
  4. (d) Justice
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Justice

Article 39A: Free Legal Aid
Article 39A is a Directive Principle that mandates the State to ensure that the operation of the legal system promotes justice on a basis of equal opportunity.
It specifically provides forfree legal aidto ensure that opportunities for securing justice are not denied to any citizen by reason of economic or other disabilities.
Connection to Preamble:
The Preamble promises to secureJUSTICE— social, economic and political — to all citizens.
Free legal aid ensures equal access to justice regardless of economic status, directly promoting theJustice objectiveof the Preamble.
Answer: Option 4 → Justice
RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2025-26 – 18 March 2026 Shift 2 · Important DPSP articles (39A, 40, 44, 45, 48A, 50, 51)

Q45. Which of the following is not contained in Article 51?

  1. (a) Just and honourable relations between nations
  2. (b) Respect for international law and treaty obligations
  3. (c) Protection of forests and wildlife of India
  4. (d) Promotion of international peace and security
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Protection of forests and wildlife of India

Article 51 - Promotion of International Peace and Security
Article 51 is part ofDirective Principles of State Policy (Part IV)
Article 51 contains:
• Just and honourable relations between nations
• Respect for international law and treaty obligations
• Encouragement of settlement of disputes by arbitration
• Promotion of international peace and security
Protection of forests and wildlifeis covered underArticle 48A, not Article 51
Answer: Option 3 → Protection of forests and wildlife of India
RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2025-26 – 18 March 2026 Shift 3 · Fundamental Duties - Article 51A and list

Q46. Which of the following Articles of the Indian Constitution contains the fundamental duties?

  1. (a) Article 41A
  2. (b) Article 31A
  3. (c) Article 51A
  4. (d) Article 61A
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Article 51A

Article 51Acontains the Fundamental Duties of citizens.
Added by42nd Amendment Act, 1976on recommendation of Swaran Singh Committee.
Originally 10 duties; 11th duty added by86th Amendment, 2002(education of children aged 6-14).
Other options: Article 31A (saving of land reform laws), Article 41A (doesn't exist), Article 61A (doesn't exist).
Answer: Option 3 → Article 51A
RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2025-26 – 17 March 2026 Shift 1 · Socialistic principles

Q47. Which of the following objectives is mentioned in Article 39 of the Indian Constitution?

  1. (a) To organise agriculture and animal husbandry
  2. (b) To organise village panchayats
  3. (c) To promote equal pay for equal work for both men and women
  4. (d) To ensure equal justice and provide free legal aid
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) To promote equal pay for equal work for both men and women

Article 39: Directive Principles of State Policy
Article 39 mentions principles for securing:
• Right to adequate livelihood (39a)
• Equal distribution of resources (39b)
•Equal pay for equal work for men and women (39d)
• Protection of children and youth (39e,f)
Other options belong to different articles:
Option 1 → Article 48 (Agriculture & Animal Husbandry)
Option 2 → Article 40 (Village Panchayats)
Option 4 → Article 39A (Free Legal Aid)
Answer: Option 3 → To promote equal pay for equal work for both men and women
RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2025-26 – 17 March 2026 Shift 2 · Important DPSP articles (39A, 40, 44, 45, 48A, 50, 51)

Q48. Which of the following is NOT correctly matched with respect to the Directive Principles of State Policy?

  1. (a) Article 41 - Provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief
  2. (b) Article 39A - Equal justice and free legal aid
  3. (c) Article 43A - Participation of workers in management of industries
  4. (d) Article 40 - Organisation of village panchayats
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Article 41 - Provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief

Article 41- Right to work, education and public assistance in certain cases
Article 42- Provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief
Option 1 incorrectly matches Article 41 with Article 42's provision
Other Articles (Correctly Matched):
Article 39A - Equal justice and free legal aid ✓
Article 43A - Workers' participation in management ✓
Article 40 - Organisation of village panchayats ✓
Answer: Option 1 → Article 41 - Provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief
RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2025-26 – 16 March 2026 Shift 1 · Swaran Singh Committee and 42nd/86th amendments

Q49. The 86th Amendment added a new Fundamental Duty related to which of the following?

  1. (a) Protecting environment
  2. (b) Safeguarding public property
  3. (c) Defending the nation
  4. (d) Educating children
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Educating children

Topic: 86th Constitutional Amendment (2002)
Key fact 1: Added Article 51A(k) to Fundamental Duties.
Key fact 2: Parents/guardians must provide education to children aged 6-14 years.
Key fact 3: Later complemented by Right to Free & Compulsory Education Act 2009.
Answer: Option 4 → Educating children
RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2025-26 – 16 March 2026 Shift 1 · Socialistic principles

Q50. Which of the following Articles of the Indian Constitution directs the State to ensure equal pay for equal work for both men and women?

  1. (a) Article 42(b)
  2. (b) Article 39(d)
  3. (c) Article 14
  4. (d) Article 15
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Article 39(d)

Article 39(d): Part IV (Directive Principles)
Directs State to ensure equal pay for equal work
Applies to both men and women without discrimination
Other articles:
Article 14: Equality before law (general)
Article 15: No discrimination on grounds of sex
Article 42(b): Does not address pay equality
Answer: Option 2 → Article 39(d)
RRB Technician Grade III 2025-26 – 10 March 2026 Shift 2 · Important DPSP articles (39A, 40, 44, 45, 48A, 50, 51)

Q51. Which of the following Directive Principles was NOT added to the Indian Constitution as part of the 42ⁿᵈ Amendment Act of 1976?

  1. (a) Article 48A: To protect and improve the environment and safeguard forests and wildlife
  2. (b) Article 38: State to minimise inequalities in income, status, facilities and opportunities
  3. (c) Article 39: To secure opportunities for healthy development of children
  4. (d) Article 39A: To promote equal justice and to provide free legal aid to the poor
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Article 38: State to minimise inequalities in income, status, facilities and opportunities

The 42nd Amendment Act, 1976 added three Directive Principles to the Indian Constitution:
Article 48A − Protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wildlife.
Article 39A − Promotion of equal justice and providing free legal aid to poor.
Article 40 (not in options) − Organisation of village panchayats.
Article 38 was already part of the Constitution before 1976, so it was NOT added by the 42nd Amendment.
RRB Technician Grade III 2025-26 – 9 March 2026 Shift 3 · Swaran Singh Committee and 42nd/86th amendments

Q52. "To provide opportunities for education to his child or ward between the ages of six and fourteen years" was added to the Indian Constitution as the 11ᵗʰ Fundamental Duty through which of the following amendments?

  1. (a) 61st Constitutional Amendment Act, 1988
  2. (b) 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002
  3. (c) 44th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1978
  4. (d) 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002

The 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002, added the duty to provide opportunities for education to children aged six to fourteen as the 11th Fundamental Duty.
This amendment made education a fundamental duty for parents and guardians, reinforcing the Right to Education.
Hence, the correct answer is the 86th Amendment of 2002.
RRB JE CBT-1 2025-26 – 25 February 2026 · Socialistic principles

Q53. Which of the following objectives is stated in Article 38 of the Indian Constitution?

  1. (a) To establish a social order based on justice—social, economic, and political
  2. (b) To guarantee employment to all citizens
  3. (c) To provide equal education opportunities for all
  4. (d) To establish military rule for national security
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) To establish a social order based on justice—social, economic, and political

Article 38 of the Indian Constitution directs the State to strive to promote the welfare of the people by securing a social order characterised by justice—social, economic, and political.
This is a Directive Principle of State Policy guiding the government to create conditions of equality and fairness.
Options 2, 3, and 4 are not stated in Article 38.
Thus, the correct objective stated in Article 38 is to establish a social order based on justice—social, economic, and political.
Final answer: Option 1
RRB JE CBT-1 2025-26 – 20 February 2026 · Swaran Singh Committee and 42nd/86th amendments

Q54. Which Fundamental Duty was added by the 86ᵗʰ Constitutional Amendment in 2002?

  1. (a) To provide opportunities for education to children aged 6–14 years
  2. (b) To promote harmony among all people of India
  3. (c) To uphold and protect the sovereignty of India
  4. (d) To safeguard public property
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) To provide opportunities for education to children aged 6–14 years

The 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002, added a Fundamental Duty relating to education.
It mandates that parents or guardians provide opportunities for education to their children aged 6 to 14 years.
This duty supports the Right to Education and promotes attendance in school for children in this age group.
Other options are Fundamental Duties but were not introduced by this amendment.
Final answer: Option 1
RRB JE CBT-1 2025-26 – 20 February 2026 · Important DPSP articles (39A, 40, 44, 45, 48A, 50, 51)

Q55. Which of the following provisions in the Indian Constitution deals with the duty of the State to separate the judiciary from the executive?

  1. (a) Article 50
  2. (b) Article 44
  3. (c) Article 48A
  4. (d) Article 51
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Article 50

The duty of the State to separate the judiciary from the executive is specifically mentioned in Article 50 of the Indian Constitution.
Article 50 directs the State to take steps to separate the judiciary from the executive in the public services of the State.
This provision ensures the independence of the judiciary, which is a basic feature of the Constitution.
Article 44 relates to Uniform Civil Code, Article 48A deals with protecting the environment, and Article 51 talks about promotion of international peace and security.
Therefore, the correct provision is Article 50.
Final answer: Option 1
Delhi Police Head Constable (Ministerial) 2025-26 – 12 January 2026 Shift 3 · Gandhian principles

Q56. Which of the following Directive Principles of State Policy is a part of the Gandhian principles?

  1. (a) Equal pay for equal work
  2. (b) Organization of village panchayats
  3. (c) Protection of monuments
  4. (d) Uniform civil code
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Organization of village panchayats

Organization of village panchayats is correct. The Gandhian principles in the Directive Principles of State Policy (Articles 40, 43, 43B, 46, 47, 48) reflect Mahatma Gandhi's vision for India. Article 40 directs the State to organize village panchayats and endow them with powers necessary for self-government — a core principle of Gandhi's concept of Gram Swaraj (village self-rule).
• Equal pay for equal work: This is a Socialist principle under DPSP (Article 39(d)), not a Gandhian principle.
• Protection of monuments: This falls under cultural and educational rights/DPSPs (Article 49), categorized as a liberal-intellectual principle, not Gandhian.
• Uniform civil code: This is a liberal-intellectual principle (Article 44), associated with national integration rather than specifically Gandhian ideology.
Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 3 January 2026 Shift 2 · Important DPSP articles (39A, 40, 44, 45, 48A, 50, 51)

Q57. Who chaired the Uttarakhand Uniform Civil Code (UCC) drafting committee, which submitted its report in 2024?

  1. (a) Ranjana Desai
  2. (b) Indu Malhotra
  3. (c) Hima Kohli
  4. (d) Ritu Raj Awasthi
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Ranjana Desai

Justice Ranjana Prakash Desai (retired Supreme Court judge) chaired the Uttarakhand Uniform Civil Code Expert Committee. The committee submitted its 749-page report to CM Pushkar Singh Dhami in February 2024, making Uttarakhand the first state to draft a UCC after independence.
(a) Incorrect: Justice Indu Malhotra is a retired Supreme Court judge but did not chair the Uttarakhand UCC committee.
(b) Incorrect: Justice Hima Kohli is a sitting Supreme Court judge and did not chair the Uttarakhand UCC committee.
(c) Incorrect: Justice Ritu Raj Awasthi (former Allahabad HC Chief Justice) was a member of the Law Commission of India, not the chair of Uttarakhand's UCC committee.
Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 23 December 2025 Shift 1 · Important DPSP articles (39A, 40, 44, 45, 48A, 50, 51)

Q58. What does the Uniform Civil Code (UCC) deal with?

  1. (a) Traffic rules
  2. (b) Taxes and banking
  3. (c) Personal laws like marriage and inheritance
  4. (d) Criminal punishments
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Personal laws like marriage and inheritance

The correct answer is Personal laws like marriage and inheritance (Option 3).
The Uniform Civil Code (UCC) aims to replace personal laws (based on religion, caste, or tradition) with a common set of laws governing personal matters such as marriage, divorce, inheritance, and adoption for all citizens.
Option 1 - Traffic rules: These are governed by the Motor Vehicles Act, not the UCC.
Option 2 - Taxes and banking: These are governed by taxation laws and banking regulations, not the UCC.
Option 4 - Criminal punishments: These are governed by the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (formerly IPC), not the UCC.
Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 20 December 2025 Shift 1 · Important DPSP articles (39A, 40, 44, 45, 48A, 50, 51)

Q59. Fill in the blank: The Uniform Civil Code (UCC) aims to bring ______ laws under a single framework for all citizens.

  1. (a) Personal
  2. (b) Corporate
  3. (c) Educational
  4. (d) Agricultural
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Personal

The Uniform Civil Code (UCC) aims to bring Personal laws — governing matters like marriage, divorce, inheritance, and adoption — under a single national framework for all citizens regardless of religion. Option 1 is correct.
Option 2 is wrong: Corporate laws are already uniform and governed by statutes like the Companies Act; UCC does not target corporate law.
Option 3 is wrong: Educational laws are not governed by personal religious customs; UCC specifically targets personal religious laws.
Option 4 is wrong: Agricultural laws are governed by state legislation and land reform acts, unrelated to the UCC mandate.
Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 20 December 2025 Shift 1 · Gandhian principles

Q60. Which of the following Directive Principles is inspired by Gandhian philosophy?

  1. (a) Article 40 - Organisation of village panchayats
  2. (b) Article 48A - Protection of environment
  3. (c) Article 44 - Uniform civil code
  4. (d) Article 39 - Equal pay for equal work
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Article 40 - Organisation of village panchayats

Article 40 ( Organisation of village panchayats) is directly inspired by Mahatma Gandhi's philosophy of Gram Swaraj (village self-rule) — his vision of decentralised governance rooted in self-sufficient villages. Option 1 is correct.
Option 2 is wrong: Article 48A (Protection of the environment, forests, and wildlife), added by the 42nd Amendment, is inspired by environmental consciousness, not specifically Gandhian philosophy.
Option 3 is wrong: Article 44 (Uniform Civil Code) is inspired by the principle of national unity and equal citizenship, rooted in liberal and nationalist thought rather than Gandhian philosophy.
Option 4 is wrong: Article 39 (equal pay for equal work) is inspired by socialist principles of economic equality, not Gandhian philosophy.
Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 20 December 2025 Shift 3 · Important DPSP articles (39A, 40, 44, 45, 48A, 50, 51)

Q61. Which Directive Principle of State Policy (DPSP) promotes equal justice and free legal aid?

  1. (a) Article 39A
  2. (b) Article 41
  3. (c) Article 43
  4. (d) Article 47
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Article 39A

Article 39A, inserted into the Constitution by the 42nd Amendment (1976), directs the state to ensure that the operation of the legal system promotes justice on the basis of equal opportunity, and shall provide free legal aid to ensure equal access to justice for all. Option 1 is correct.
Option 2 is wrong: Article 41 directs the state to make provision for the right to work, education, and public assistance in cases of unemployment, old age, sickness and disability — not for equal justice or free legal aid.
Option 3 is wrong: Article 43 directs the state to endeavour to secure to workers a living wage and conditions of work ensuring a decent standard of life — it relates to labour welfare, not legal aid.
Option 4 is wrong: Article 47 directs the state to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living of its people and to improve public health — it does not relate to equal justice or free legal aid.
Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 19 December 2025 Shift 2 · Swaran Singh Committee and 42nd/86th amendments

Q62. Which fundamental duty was added by the 86th Amendment, 2002?

  1. (a) To respect the Constitution and National Flag
  2. (b) To promote harmony among citizens
  3. (c) To provide opportunities for education to children
  4. (d) To protect public property
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) To provide opportunities for education to children

The 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002 added a new Fundamental Duty under Article 51A(k): 'who is a parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to his child or, as the case may be, ward between the age of six and fourteen years.' This amendment also inserted Article 21A (Right to Education as a Fundamental Right) and amended Article 45 (to provide for early childhood care for children below 6 years).
Option 1 is incorrect: The duty to respect the Constitution and the National Flag was part of the original Fundamental Duties inserted by the 42nd Amendment (1976) under Article 51A(a).
Option 2 is incorrect: The duty to promote harmony and the spirit of brotherhood was also part of the original 42nd Amendment duties under Article 51A(e).
Option 4 is incorrect: The duty to protect public property and abjure violence was also part of the original 42nd Amendment duties under Article 51A( i ).
Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 18 December 2025 Shift 1 · Important DPSP articles (39A, 40, 44, 45, 48A, 50, 51)

Q63. What is the Uniform Civil Code (UCC)?

  1. (a) A set of criminal laws
  2. (b) A common set of personal laws for all citizens
  3. (c) A law for environmental protection
  4. (d) A code for taxation policies
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) A common set of personal laws for all citizens

The Uniform Civil Code (UCC) refers to a single, common set of personal laws (governing matters like marriage, divorce, inheritance, adoption, and maintenance) that would apply to all citizens of India irrespective of their religion. It is mentioned in Article 44 of the Indian Constitution under Directive Principles of State Policy.
Option (a) is incorrect: UCC deals with civil/personal matters, not criminal law. Criminal law is already uniform under the IPC (now BNS).
Option (c) is incorrect: Environmental protection laws are entirely separate from the concept of UCC.
Option (d) is incorrect: Taxation policies are governed by separate tax laws; UCC has no relation to taxation.
Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 18 December 2025 Shift 2 · Important DPSP articles (39A, 40, 44, 45, 48A, 50, 51)

Q64. The Uniform Civil Code is mentioned in:

  1. (a) Article 43
  2. (b) Article 44
  3. (c) Article 45
  4. (d) Article 47
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Article 44

Article 44 of the Indian Constitution directs the State to secure a Uniform Civil Code (UCC) for citizens throughout the territory of India. It is part of the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP), which means it is not justiciable (not enforceable by courts) but is fundamental to governance.
Option 1 is incorrect: Article 43 deals with living wages, decent standard of life, and conditions of work for workers.
Option 3 is incorrect: Article 45 (after the 86th Amendment, 2002) deals with provision for early childhood care and education for children below six years of age.
Option 4 is incorrect: Article 47 directs the State to raise the level of nutrition, standard of living and to improve public health; it also contains provisions regarding prohibition of intoxicating drinks and drugs.
SSC CPO Paper-1 2025 – 12 December 2025 Shift 1 · Important DPSP articles (39A, 40, 44, 45, 48A, 50, 51)

Q65. Which part of the Indian Constitution includes the Directive Principle regarding a Uniform Civil Code?

  1. (a) Part III (Fundamental Rights)
  2. (b) Part IV (Directive Principles of State Policy)
  3. (c) Part V (The Union)
  4. (d) Part VI (The States)
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Part IV (Directive Principles of State Policy)

Correct Answer: Part IV (Directive Principles of State Policy) (Option 2)
Article 44 of the Indian Constitution, which deals with the Uniform Civil Code (UCC), is contained in Part IV — the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP). Article 44 states: 'The State shall endeavour to secure for the citizens a uniform civil code throughout the territory of India.'
Directive Principles are non-justiciable (cannot be enforced by courts) but are fundamental in governance.
Part III contains Fundamental Rights (Articles 12-35) — enforceable rights.
Part V deals with the Union (Parliament, Executive, Judiciary).
Part VI deals with the States.
SSC Stenographer 2025 – 8 December 2025 Shift 1 · Important DPSP articles (39A, 40, 44, 45, 48A, 50, 51)

Q66. Which of the following statements regarding the implementation challenges of UCC is most accurate in the context of judicial interpretations and recent state-level developments?

  1. (a) The Law Commission of India (2018) recommended UCC for all religions to ensure uniformity.
  2. (b) UCC is enforceable only when ratified by all religious communities through a national referendum.
  3. (c) The UCC is already implemented in Goa and Uttarakhand through their respective legislative frameworks.
  4. (d) The Supreme Court has uniformly declared UCC as mandatory across states.
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) The UCC is already implemented in Goa and Uttarakhand through their respective legislative frameworks.

The most accurate statement is that the UCC is already implemented in Goa and Uttarakhand through their legislative frameworks . Goa has long followed a common civil code due to Portuguese influence, which continues even after its integration with India. Recently, Uttarakhand became the first Indian state to pass a Uniform Civil Code in 2024, marking a significant legal development. Statement 1 is not fully correct as the 2018 Law Commission report stated that UCC was neither necessary nor desirable at that stage . Statement 2 is inaccurate because there is no constitutional provision for a national referendum to enforce UCC. Statement 4 is also incorrect because the Supreme Court has not declared UCC mandatory across all states , though it has often urged for debate and discussion. Hence, option 3 is correct.
SSC Stenographer 2025 – 8 December 2025 Shift 2 · Conflict between FR and DPSP and related cases

Q67. Which of the following best reflects the constitutional dilemma in implementing the Uniform Civil Code (UCC) in India, as discussed in debates surrounding Article 44 and Article 25?

  1. (a) UCC aligns with Article 44 but may be seen to infringe upon religious freedom under Article 25
  2. (b) UCC allows gender-based personal law systems to remain untouched under Article 14
  3. (c) UCC enforces cooperative federalism by giving states legislative powers on personal law
  4. (d) UCC operationalises the secular ethos by completely eliminating all religious laws
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) UCC aligns with Article 44 but may be seen to infringe upon religious freedom under Article 25

The correct answer is UCC aligns with Article 44 but may be seen to infringe upon religious freedom under Article 25 . Article 44 of the Indian Constitution directs the State to implement a Uniform Civil Code to promote national integration and equality by bringing uniformity in personal laws relating to marriage, divorce, inheritance, etc. However, Article 25 guarantees freedom of religion , which includes the right to follow personal laws based on religious practices. This creates a constitutional dilemma: while UCC aims to ensure equality and secularism, it can be perceived as interfering with religious freedoms. The debate is essentially about balancing secular reform under Article 44 with religious freedom under Article 25 .
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 30 November 2025 Shift 2 · DPSP - features and classification

Q68. Which of the following is NOT the aim to establish the Directive Principles of State Policy?

  1. (a) Welfare state
  2. (b) Economic democracy
  3. (c) Social democracy
  4. (d) Political democracy
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Political democracy

Correct Answer: Option 4 – Political democracy
The Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) aim to establish a welfare state, economic democracy, and social democracy. Political democracy is NOT an aim of DPSP — it is already ensured through Fundamental Rights (Part III) such as the right to vote, freedom of speech, and equality before law. DPSP (Part IV) focuses on socio-economic justice.
Why other options are wrong:
Option 1 (Welfare state): Establishing a welfare state is a core aim of DPSP.
Option 2 (Economic democracy): Ensuring economic equality and democracy is a key DPSP objective.
Option 3 (Social democracy): Social justice and equality are central aims of DPSP. The candidate incorrectly selected Welfare state.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 29 November 2025 Shift 2 · DPSP - features and classification

Q69. Which section of the Indian Constitution ensures social and economic reforms in a country?

  1. (a) Fundamental rights
  2. (b) Fundamental duties
  3. (c) Separation of powers
  4. (d) Directive Principles of State Policy
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Directive Principles of State Policy

The Directive Principles of State Policy (Part IV, Articles 36-51) of the Indian Constitution are designed to ensure social and economic reforms in the country. They guide the State in making laws and policies for the welfare of citizens, covering areas like equal pay, free education, living wages, and promotion of cottage industries.
Fundamental Rights (Part III) provide individual civil liberties.
Fundamental Duties (Article 51A) outline citizens' obligations.
Separation of powers is a structural feature of the Constitution, not a reform mechanism.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 27 November 2025 Shift 1 · Fundamental Duties - Article 51A and list

Q70. Which of the following is a Fundamental Duty mentioned in the Indian Constitution?

  1. (a) To pay taxes on time
  2. (b) To vote in the Lok Sabha election
  3. (c) To educate child up to 18 years of age
  4. (d) To protect the natural environment
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) To protect the natural environment

To protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife, and to have compassion for living creatures is a Fundamental Duty under Article 51A(g) of the Indian Constitution. Fundamental Duties were added by the 42nd Amendment, 1976.
Paying taxes, voting, and compulsory education (up to 14 years under RTE, not 18) are not listed as Fundamental Duties. Hence, protecting the natural environment is correct.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 27 November 2025 Shift 2 · Important DPSP articles (39A, 40, 44, 45, 48A, 50, 51)

Q71. Article 40 of the Indian constitution is related with _____.

  1. (a) Organization of village panchayats
  2. (b) Free and compulsory education
  3. (c) Free housing to the poor
  4. (d) Free medical aid to the citizen
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Organization of village panchayats

Correct Answer: Organization of village panchayats (Option 1)
Article 40 of the Indian Constitution is a Directive Principle of State Policy (DPSP) that directs the State to organise village panchayats and endow them with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as units of self-government.
Why others are wrong:
Option 2 - Free and compulsory education: This is covered under Article 45 (originally a DPSP, now a Fundamental Right under Article 21A).
Option 3 - Free housing to the poor: This is not specifically covered under a single constitutional article.
Option 4 - Free medical aid to the citizen: This is related to Article 47, which concerns raising the level of nutrition and public health.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 24 November 2025 Shift 1 · Fundamental Duties - Article 51A and list

Q72. Which of the following is a Fundamental Duty mentioned in the Indian Constitution?

  1. (a) To value the rich heritage of our composite culture
  2. (b) To not indulge in corrupt practices
  3. (c) To help accident victims
  4. (d) To respect freedom of speech of others
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) To value the rich heritage of our composite culture

Correct Answer: To value the rich heritage of our composite culture (Option 1)
Article 51A(f) of the Indian Constitution (Part IV-A) states it is the duty of every citizen 'to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture.' Fundamental Duties were added by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment (1976) on the recommendation of the Swaran Singh Committee.
To not indulge in corrupt practices is NOT listed as a Fundamental Duty under Article 51A.
To help accident victims is NOT a Fundamental Duty in the Indian Constitution.
To respect freedom of speech of others is NOT among the eleven Fundamental Duties listed under Article 51A.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 21 November 2025 Shift 1 · Fundamental Duties - Article 51A and list

Q73. Which of the following is NOT a Fundamental Duty mentioned in the Indian Constitution?

  1. (a) To respect ideals of the constitution
  2. (b) To respect the National Flag
  3. (c) To respect the National Anthem
  4. (d) Separation of judiciary from executive
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Separation of judiciary from executive

Separation of judiciary from executive is NOT a Fundamental Duty. It is a Directive Principle of State Policy (DPSP) under Article 50 of the Indian Constitution, which directs the State to take steps to separate the judiciary from the executive in public services. Why other options are wrong: Option 1 - To respect ideals of the constitution: This IS a Fundamental Duty under Article 51A(a) - to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals. Option 2 - To respect the National Flag: This IS a Fundamental Duty under Article 51A(a) - to respect the National Flag. Option 3 - To respect the National Anthem: Also a Fundamental Duty under Article 51A(a).
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 18 November 2025 Shift 2 · Fundamental Duties - Article 51A and list

Q74. Which of the following is NOT a Fundamental Duty mentioned in the Indian Constitution?

  1. (a) To promote co-operative societies
  2. (b) To protect integrity of India
  3. (c) To value the rich heritage of our composite culture
  4. (d) To develop the scientific temper
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) To promote co-operative societies

Correct Answer: To promote co-operative societies (Option 1)
The Fundamental Duties are listed in Article 51A of the Indian Constitution (added by the 42nd Amendment, 1976; an 11th duty added by the 86th Amendment, 2002). The Fundamental Duties include: to protect integrity of India, to value the rich heritage of composite culture, to develop scientific temper, to defend the country, to protect the natural environment, etc.
'To promote co-operative societies' is NOT a Fundamental Duty. Co-operative Societies are covered under Part IX-B of the Constitution (Directive Principles area), not as a Fundamental Duty.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 13 November 2025 Shift 3 · Important DPSP articles (39A, 40, 44, 45, 48A, 50, 51)

Q75. Article 51 of the Indian Constitution is related with which of the following?

  1. (a) Promotion of co-operative societies
  2. (b) Promotion of international peace and security
  3. (c) Uniform Civil Code
  4. (d) Organization of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Promotion of international peace and security

Article 51 falls under the Directive Principles of State Policy (Part IV) and deals with the Promotion of international peace and security. It directs the State to endeavour to promote international peace, maintain just and honourable relations between nations, and encourage settlement of disputes by arbitration. Article 43B deals with co-operative societies; Article 44 with Uniform Civil Code; Article 48 with Organisation of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 12 November 2025 Shift 3 · Important DPSP articles (39A, 40, 44, 45, 48A, 50, 51)

Q76. Which of the following article of the Indian constitution promotes equal justice and free legal aid?

  1. (a) Article 39 A
  2. (b) Article 38
  3. (c) Article 45
  4. (d) Article 42
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Article 39 A

Correct Answer: Article 39A
Article 39A of the Indian Constitution (added by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment, 1976) is a Directive Principle of State Policy that directs the state to ensure equal justice and free legal aid to citizens who cannot afford legal representation.
Why other options are wrong:
- Article 38: Directs the state to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the people.
- Article 45: Originally provided for free and compulsory education for children; now relates to early childhood care.
- Article 42: Deals with provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief.
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 20 September 2025 Shift 1 · Important DPSP articles (39A, 40, 44, 45, 48A, 50, 51)

Q77. The Uniform Civil Code primarily seeks to replace which types of laws currently governing personal matters in India?

  1. (a) Criminal laws
  2. (b) Property laws
  3. (c) Religious personal laws (e.g., Hindu Marriage Act, Muslim Personal Law)
  4. (d) Environmental laws
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Religious personal laws (e.g., Hindu Marriage Act, Muslim Personal Law)

- The UCC aims to replace religion-specific personal laws (Hindu Marriage Act, Muslim Personal Law, Christian Marriage Act, etc.).
- It would govern marriage, divorce, inheritance, and adoption uniformly for all citizens.
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 16 September 2025 Shift 1 · Important DPSP articles (39A, 40, 44, 45, 48A, 50, 51)

Q78. Article 50 is part of which section of the Constitution?

  1. (a) Fundamental Duties
  2. (b) Directive Principles of State Policy
  3. (c) Fundamental Rights
  4. (d) Preamble
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Directive Principles of State Policy

Article 50 directs the State to take stepsto separate the judiciary from the executivein the public services of the State.
It is included in Part IV of the Constitution – the Directive Principles of State Policy.
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 15 September 2025 Shift 2 · Important DPSP articles (39A, 40, 44, 45, 48A, 50, 51)

Q79. The concept of Uniform Civil Code is a part of which category of principles in the Indian Constitution?

  1. (a) Fundamental Rights
  2. (b) Fundamental Duties
  3. (c) Directive Principles of State Policy
  4. (d) Preamble objectives
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Directive Principles of State Policy

Article 44 of the Constitution, under the Directive Principles of State Policy, urges the State to endeavor to secure a Uniform Civil Code.
It is not part of Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties or the Preamble.
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 13 September 2025 Shift 1 · Important DPSP articles (39A, 40, 44, 45, 48A, 50, 51)

Q80. What is the primary objective of a Uniform Civil Code (UCC) in India?

  1. (a) To establish a common criminal law for all citizens
  2. (b) To unify direct and indirect tax laws
  3. (c) To provide a common set of personal laws for all citizens, irrespective of religion
  4. (d) To standardise administrative procedures across all states
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) To provide a common set of personal laws for all citizens, irrespective of religion

A Uniform Civil Code (envisaged under Article 44 of the Constitution as a Directive Principle) aims to provide one set of personal laws — covering marriage, divorce, inheritance, adoption, maintenance, etc. — applicable to all citizens of India, irrespective of their religion.
Criminal law is already uniform under the BNS / IPC and CrPC / BNSS.
Tax laws and administrative procedures are governed under separate frameworks.
Hence the primary objective of UCC is option 3.
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 12 September 2025 Shift 1 · DPSP - features and classification

Q81. Which of the following is true about Fundamental Rights and DPSPs?

  1. (a) Both are justiciable and enforceable by courts
  2. (b) DPSPs override Fundamental Rights when in conflict
  3. (c) Fundamental Rights are justiciable, but DPSPs are not
  4. (d) DPSPs are guaranteed by the Constitution; Fundamental Rights are optional
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Fundamental Rights are justiciable, but DPSPs are not

Fundamental Rights (Part III) are justiciable — courts can enforce them.
DPSPs (Part IV) are non-justiciable — courts cannot enforce them, though they guide governance.
Hence, the answer is option 3.
RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 9 September 2025 Shift 2 · Gandhian principles

Q82. Which of the following Directive Principles reflects Gandhian ideology?

  1. (a) Organisation of village panchayats
  2. (b) Equal pay for equal work
  3. (c) Separation of judiciary from the executive
  4. (d) Uniform civil code
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Organisation of village panchayats

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 9 September 2025 Shift 3 · Fundamental Duties - Article 51A and list

Q83. Which of the following duties was added by the Constitution (Eighty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2002?

  1. (a) To protect the environment
  2. (b) To develop a scientific temper
  3. (c) To uphold and protect national unity
  4. (d) To provide education to children aged six to fourteen years
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) To provide education to children aged six to fourteen years

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 8 September 2025 Shift 1 · Socialistic principles

Q84. Equal pay for equal work is ensured under which Article?

  1. (a) Article 42
  2. (b) Article 39(a)
  3. (c) Article 39(d)
  4. (d) Article 43
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Article 39(d)

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 4 September 2025 Shift 1 · Important DPSP articles (39A, 40, 44, 45, 48A, 50, 51)

Q85. Which Article of the Indian Constitution directs the State for promotion of cottage industries in rural areas?

  1. (a) Article 36
  2. (b) Article 55
  3. (c) Article 41
  4. (d) Article 43
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Article 43

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 4 September 2025 Shift 3 · Important DPSP articles (39A, 40, 44, 45, 48A, 50, 51)

Q86. Which Amendment of the Indian Constitution added Article 39A (free legal aid)?

  1. (a) 86ᵗʰ Amendment
  2. (b) 44ᵗʰ Amendment
  3. (c) 73ʳᵈ Amendment
  4. (d) 42ⁿᵈ Amendment
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) 42ⁿᵈ Amendment

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 1 September 2025 Shift 1 · Fundamental Duties - Article 51A and list

Q87. What is a key obligation of citizens toward fellow citizens and society?

  1. (a) Serve in the military automatically and responsibly
  2. (b) Pay higher taxes than others
  3. (c) Participate morally and socially, not just legally
  4. (d) Maintain political silence responsibly
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Participate morally and socially, not just legally

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 1 September 2025 Shift 2 · Important DPSP articles (39A, 40, 44, 45, 48A, 50, 51)

Q88. Which of the following Directive Principles of State Policy is provided under Article 40 of the Indian Constitution?

  1. (a) Organisation of village panchayats
  2. (b) Provision for a uniform civil code
  3. (c) Promotion of cottage industries in rural areas
  4. (d) Organisation of agriculture and animal husbandry
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Organisation of village panchayats

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 22 August 2025 Shift 1 · DPSP - features and classification

Q89. Which Article of the Indian Constitution states that Directive Principles are not enforceable by any court?

  1. (a) Article 36
  2. (b) Article 39
  3. (c) Article 37
  4. (d) Article 38
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Article 37

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 20 August 2025 Shift 2 · Important DPSP articles (39A, 40, 44, 45, 48A, 50, 51)

Q90. Provision for securing just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief comes under which Article of the Indian Constitution?

  1. (a) Article 39A
  2. (b) Article 47
  3. (c) Article 45
  4. (d) Article 42
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Article 42

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 19 August 2025 Shift 2 · Fundamental Duties - Article 51A and list

Q91. Which of the following Articles was introduced by the 86ᵗʰ Amendment to impose a duty on parents to educate children?

  1. (a) Article 21A
  2. (b) Article 45
  3. (c) Article 39A
  4. (d) Article 51A(k)
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Article 51A(k)

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 19 August 2025 Shift 3 · Socialistic principles

Q92. Which of the following is a socio-economic Directive Principle?

  1. (a) Independence of the judiciary
  2. (b) Separation of powers
  3. (c) Equal pay for equal work
  4. (d) Promotion of international peace
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Equal pay for equal work

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 18 August 2025 Shift 2 · Important DPSP articles (39A, 40, 44, 45, 48A, 50, 51)

Q93. Which of the following Directive Principles of State Policy is stated under Article 48A of the Indian Constitution?

  1. (a) Legal aid for weaker sections
  2. (b) Organisation of village panchayats
  3. (c) Protection and improvement of the environment
  4. (d) Raising the level of nutrition
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Protection and improvement of the environment

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 14 August 2025 Shift 3 · DPSP - features and classification

Q94. The Directive Principles of State Policy aim to establish:

  1. (a) a police state
  2. (b) a democratic dictatorship
  3. (c) a welfare state
  4. (d) a capitalist state
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) a welfare state

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 11 August 2025 Shift 3 · Socialistic principles

Q95. Which of the following Directive Principles of State Policy was added by the Forty-fourth Amendment Act, 1978?

  1. (a) Reduction of inequalities in income and status among individuals and groups
  2. (b) Protection and improvement of the environment and wildlife
  3. (c) Provision for free legal aid to the poor
  4. (d) Participation of workers in industrial management
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Reduction of inequalities in income and status among individuals and groups

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 8 August 2025 Shift 1 · Important DPSP articles (39A, 40, 44, 45, 48A, 50, 51)

Q96. Which of the following Directive Principles of State Policy is provided under Article 43A of the Indian Constitution?

  1. (a) Right to education
  2. (b) Promotion of international peace
  3. (c) Participation of workers in industrial management
  4. (d) Living wage for workers
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Participation of workers in industrial management

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 8 August 2025 Shift 3 · Socialistic principles

Q97. Which Article of the Indian Constitution directs the State to promote the welfare of the people?

  1. (a) Article 47
  2. (b) Article 38
  3. (c) Article 42
  4. (d) Article 43
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Article 38

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 7 August 2025 Shift 1 · Important DPSP articles (39A, 40, 44, 45, 48A, 50, 51)

Q98. Protection of environment and wildlife is mentioned in which Article of the Indian Constitution?

  1. (a) Article 48A
  2. (b) Article 49
  3. (c) Article 48
  4. (d) Article 47
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Article 48A

SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 1 August 2025 Shift 2 · Important DPSP articles (39A, 40, 44, 45, 48A, 50, 51)

Q99. What does the Uniform Civil Code primarily aim to achieve?

  1. (a) Strengthen federalism
  2. (b) Equal rights across all religions
  3. (c) Promote religious autonomy
  4. (d) Protect minority rights
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Equal rights across all religions

Correct Answer: Option 2 – Equal rights across all religions
The Uniform Civil Code (UCC) aims to replace personal laws based on religion (governing marriage, divorce, inheritance, adoption) with a single set of laws applicable uniformly to all citizens of India, regardless of religion.
Option 1 (Strengthen federalism): UCC is about personal law uniformity, not federal structure.
Option 3 (Promote religious autonomy): UCC actually replaces religion-specific laws; it does not promote religious autonomy.
Option 4 (Protect minority rights): While UCC affects all communities, its primary aim is equal rights and uniformity, not protection of minority rights specifically.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 26 July 2025 Shift 1 · Important DPSP articles (39A, 40, 44, 45, 48A, 50, 51)

Q100. Which state became the first to pass a Uniform Civil Code (UCC) bill in 2024?

  1. (a) Gujarat
  2. (b) Uttarakhand
  3. (c) Karnataka
  4. (d) Maharashtra
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Uttarakhand

Correct Answer: Option 2 – Uttarakhand
Uttarakhand became the first state in India to pass the Uniform Civil Code (UCC) Bill in 2024. The Uttarakhand Uniform Civil Code Bill, 2024 was passed by the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly on February 7, 2024, and received the Governor's assent shortly after. The UCC aims to replace personal laws based on religion (Hindu Marriage Act, Muslim Personal Law, etc.) with a single set of laws governing marriage, divorce, inheritance, and adoption for all citizens regardless of religion.
Option 1 (Gujarat): Gujarat has expressed intent to implement UCC but had not passed a UCC bill at the time.
Option 3 (Karnataka): No UCC legislation was passed in Karnataka.
Option 4 (Maharashtra): No UCC legislation was passed in Maharashtra.
12

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