Abbreviations and Miscellaneous PYQs – Computer, SSC & Railway

Topic: Computer Memory
ROMstands forRead Only Memory.
Key Facts:
• Non-volatile memory (retains data without power)
• Data is permanently stored during manufacturing
• Used to store firmware and BIOS
Answer: Option 3 → Read Only Memory

Topic: Computer Memory
RAM = Random Access Memory
Key Facts:
• Volatile memory - data lost when power off
• Stores currently running programs and data
• Allows random access to any memory location
Answer: Option 2 → Random Access Memory

Topic: Computer Hardware - Storage Devices
CD stands forCompact Disk.
Key Facts:
• Optical storage medium introduced in 1982
• Standard storage capacity: 700 MB
• Uses laser technology to read/write data
Answer: Option 3 → Compact Disk

Topic: Computer Networks
LANstands forLocal Area Network.
It is a network that connects computers within a limited area such as a home, school, office building, or closely positioned group of buildings.
Common examples: Office networks, Home Wi-Fi networks, School computer labs.
Answer: Option 3 → Local Area Network

Correct Answer: IIT Madras — Option (c)
IIT Madras is leading the development of the 'Shakti' microprocessor — India's indigenous processor project. The SHAKTI (Secure Hardware Advancement for Key Technologies Initiative) project is being developed by the RISE (Reconfigurable Intelligent Systems Engineering) lab at IIT Madras. SHAKTI is based on the open-source RISC-V instruction set architecture (ISA). The project aims to develop a family of processors for various applications including IoT devices, embedded systems, network processors, and mobile computing. In 2018, ISRO used SHAKTI microprocessors for space applications, and the project has received support from the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY). This represents India's effort toward ' Atmanirbhar Bharat' (self-reliance) in semiconductor design.
Option (a) IIT Bombay — Incorrect: IIT Bombay conducts semiconductor research, but the SHAKTI microprocessor project is led by IIT Madras's RISE group.
Option (b) IIT Delhi — Incorrect: IIT Delhi has strong electronics and chip design programmes , but the SHAKTI indigenous microprocessor project is specifically at IIT Madras.
Option (d) IIT Kanpur — Incorrect: IIT Kanpur is known for computer science and electronics research, but the SHAKTI microprocessor initiative is led by IIT Madras.

Topic: Computer Memory
RAMstands forRandom Access Memory.
It is a volatile memory that stores data temporarily while the computer is running.
Data can be read from or written to any location randomly, hence the name.
Answer: Option 3 → Random Access Memory

Topic: Computer Hardware - PCB
PCB = Printed Circuit Board
A PCB is a flat board made of non-conductive material with conductive pathways etched or printed on it.
It mechanically supports and electrically connects electronic components using copper tracks.
Found in all electronic devices: motherboards, RAM, graphics cards, etc.
Answer: Option 2 → Printed Circuit Board

Topic: Computer Hardware Components
PCB is a fundamental component in computer systems.
PCB = Printed Circuit Board
It is a board with printed electrical circuits that connects
and supports electronic components like CPU, RAM, etc.
Answer: Option 3 → Printed Circuit Board

Topic: Computer Storage Devices
CD stands forCompact Disc.
It is an optical disc storage medium used for storing digital data.
Introduced in 1982, CDs can store up to 700 MB of data.
Answer: Option 2 → Compact Disc

Topic: Computer Networks
LAN = Local Area Network
A network that connects computers within a limited area
such as a school, office building, or home.
Characteristics: High speed, limited geographical area,
privately owned, connects devices via Ethernet or Wi-Fi.
Answer: Option 3 → Local Area Network

BIOS (Basic Input/Output System)is firmware stored on a chip on the motherboard.
Key Functions:
• Initializes and tests hardware during boot (POST)
• Loads the operating system from storage
• Provides runtime services for OS and programs
Answer: Option 3 → Basic Input/Output System

Sundar Pichai is correct. Sundar Pichai (born Pichai Sundararajan) is the Indian-origin CEO of both Google LLC and its parent company Alphabet Inc. He has been at the forefront of Google's transformation into an AI-first company, overseeing products like Google Search, Gmail, Google Maps, Android, Chrome, and AI initiatives including Gemini and Google DeepMind.
• Satya Nadella: Indian-origin CEO of Microsoft, not Google/Alphabet.
• Arvind Krishna: Indian-origin CEO of IBM, not Google/Alphabet.
• Parag Agrawal: Former Indian-origin CEO of Twitter (now X), not Google/Alphabet.