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RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2025-26 13 June 2026 Shift 3 GK Questions – with answers & solutions

All 40 GK / GS questions asked in RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2025-26 on 13 June 2026 Shift 3, with correct answers and short solutions, subject-wise: Computer, Geography, Current Affairs, Economics, Polity, Physics.

📚 40 questions🗓️ 13 June 2026⏰ Shift 3
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Subjects: Computer (4) · Geography (6) · Current Affairs (8) · Economics (2) · Polity (5) · Physics (2) · Chemistry (2) · Static GK (5) · Medieval History (1) · Ancient History (2) · Modern History (3)

Computer (4)

Computer Fundamentals and History · Applications of computers

Q1. In which field are computers used for tasks like weather forecasting, simulation, and research?

  1. (a) Entertainment
  2. (b) Agriculture
  3. (c) Sports Training
  4. (d) Space and Meteorology
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Space and Meteorology

Topic: Computer Applications
Weather forecasting requires complex atmospheric modeling and data analysis.
Simulation and research involve processing vast amounts of scientific data.
Space exploration and meteorology heavily rely on supercomputers for predictions.
Key Applications:
• Weather prediction models and climate simulation
• Satellite data processing for meteorological analysis
• Space mission calculations and trajectory planning
Answer: Option 4 → Space and Meteorology
Computer Organisation and Hardware · CPU - ALU, CU and registers

Q2. Which component of the Central Processing Unit (CPU) is responsible for performing calculations and logical comparisons?

  1. (a) Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
  2. (b) Main Memory (RAM)
  3. (c) Register
  4. (d) Control Unit (CU)
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

Topic: CPU Components and Functions
CPU has three main components:
1. ALU - performs arithmetic & logical operations
2. Control Unit - controls & coordinates operations
3. Registers - temporary storage locations
ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit):
Performs all calculations (+, -, ×, ÷)
Performs logical comparisons (>, <, =, AND, OR)
RAM is primary memory, not a CPU component.
Answer: Option 1 → Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
Computer Memory · Memory hierarchy

Q3. Which memory is fastest and located inside the CPU?

  1. (a) Cache L3
  2. (b) Hard disk
  3. (c) Registers
  4. (d) RAM
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Registers

Topic: Computer Memory Hierarchy
Memory Speed (Fastest to Slowest):
Registers > Cache (L1, L2, L3) > RAM > Hard Disk
Registers:Fastest memory, located inside CPU
Used for immediate data processing
Size: Few bytes to few KB
Cache L3:Fast but slower than registers
RAM:Main memory, outside CPU
Hard Disk:Slowest storage device
Answer: Option 3 → Registers
Software, Operating Systems and Programming · Types of software (system, application, utility)

Q4. Which statement about Application Software is True or False?(i) Application Software depends on System Software like the OS to be loaded and access hardware.(ii) The failure of one application always causes the OS to crash.

  1. (a) (i) False, (ii) False
  2. (b) (i) True, (ii) False
  3. (c) (i) False, (ii) True
  4. (d) (i) True, (ii) True
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) (i) True, (ii) False

Application Software Characteristics
Statement (i):Application Software depends on System Software
like the OS to be loaded and access hardware.
TRUE→ Apps need OS to run and interact with hardware.
OS provides interface between applications and hardware.
Statement (ii):Failure of one application always causes
the OS to crash.
FALSE→ Modern OS isolates applications. One app crash
doesn't affect OS or other apps (process isolation).
Answer: Option 2 → (i) True, (ii) False

Geography (6)

World Geography · Grasslands and natural regions

Q5. Which of the following types of natural vegetation is also called ‘taiga’?

  1. (a) Coniferous Forests
  2. (b) Mediterranean Vegetation
  3. (c) Temperate Deciduous Forests
  4. (d) Tropical Grasslands
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Coniferous Forests

Topic: Natural Vegetation Types
Taigais the Russian term for the vast coniferous forest belt.
Found in high northern latitudes (50°-70°N) across Canada, Scandinavia, Russia.
Dominated by evergreen trees like pine, spruce, fir, larch.
Characterized by cold climate, long winters, short summers.
Answer: Option 1 → Coniferous Forests
India - Population and Census · Literacy rate

Q6. According to the Census 2011, what was the approximate total literacy rate in India?

  1. (a) 78.21%
  2. (b) 74.04%
  3. (c) 70.50%
  4. (d) 64.83%
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) 74.04%

Census 2011 - Literacy Rate Data
Total Literacy Rate:74.04%
Male Literacy: 82.14%
Female Literacy: 65.46%
Note: Kerala has highest literacy (93.91%)
Bihar has lowest literacy (63.82%)
Answer: Option 2 → 74.04%
India - Location, Physiography and Neighbours · Western and Eastern Ghats

Q7. The Western Ghats are highest in which region?

  1. (a) Tamil Nadu
  2. (b) Karnataka
  3. (c) Kerala
  4. (d) Goa
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Kerala

Topic: Western Ghats - Physical Geography
The Western Ghats run parallel to the western coast of India.
Highest peaks are located in Kerala:
• Anamudi Peak (2,695 m) - highest in Western Ghats
• Located in Idukki district, Kerala
• Part of Eravikulam National Park
Other high peaks in Kerala include Meesapulimala (2,640 m).
Answer: Option 3 → Kerala
India - Population and Census · Census - history and organisation

Q8. Which Census of India is known for transforming the Census Organisation into a major Cultural Repository through extensive studies on rural crafts, fairs, festivals, and ethnographic surveys, and also marked India’s early adoption of mechanical tabulation equipment such as key punches, sorters, and tabulators?

  1. (a) 1971 Census of India
  2. (b) 1981 Census of India
  3. (c) 1951 Census of India
  4. (d) 1961 Census of India
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) 1961 Census of India

Topic: Census of India - Historical Milestones
1961 Census of India - Key Features:
1.Cultural Repository Transformation:Extensive documentation of rural crafts, fairs, festivals, and ethnographic surveys.
2.Mechanical Tabulation:First major adoption of mechanical equipment - key punches, sorters, and tabulators for data processing.
3.Significance:Marked transition from manual to mechanized census operations in India.
Answer: Option 4 → 1961 Census of India
India - Drainage System · Himalayan river systems (Indus, Ganga, Brahmaputra)

Q9. Which river system supports Bangladesh’s extreme population density?

  1. (a) Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta
  2. (b) Mississippi River Plain
  3. (c) Nile River Valley
  4. (d) Amazon River Basin
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta

Topic: Geography - River Systems
Bangladesh Geography:
Bangladesh is located in South Asia, formed by the delta of Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers.
Key Facts:
Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta is the world's largest river delta.
Extremely fertile alluvial soil supports intensive agriculture.
High agricultural productivity sustains dense population (1000+ people/km²).
Answer: Option 1 → Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta
Universe and Solar System · Eclipses, seasons, day and night

Q10. Which latitude experiences the longest daylight during the June solstice?

  1. (a) Equator
  2. (b) 23½° S
  3. (c) 23½° N
  4. (d) 66½° N
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) 66½° N

June Solstice (Summer Solstice in Northern Hemisphere)
Sun is directly overhead at23½° N (Tropic of Cancer)
Northern Hemisphere receives maximum sunlight
Daylight duration increases from Equator towards North Pole
At66½° N (Arctic Circle): 24 hours daylight
At 23½° N: ~13-14 hours daylight
At Equator: ~12 hours daylight
At 23½° S: ~10-11 hours daylight
Answer: Option 4 → 66½° N

Current Affairs (8)

Science, Technology and Space - Current · Space missions - current

Q11. Which Indian launch vehicle successfully launched the CMS-03 communication satellite on 2nd November 2025?

  1. (a) LVM3
  2. (b) Agni
  3. (c) PSLV
  4. (d) GSLV
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) LVM3

CMS-03 Communication Satellite Launch
Launch Date: 2nd November 2025
Launch Vehicle:LVM3 (Launch Vehicle Mark-3)
Key Facts:
• LVM3 is India's heaviest launch vehicle
• Formerly known as GSLV Mk III
• Capable of launching 4-ton class satellites to GTO
• Used for Chandrayaan-3 mission
Answer: Option 1 → LVM3
Reports, Indices and Rankings · Global indices and India's rank

Q12. The IMD World Competitiveness Ranking 2025 listed which of the following among the top 3 most competitive economies?

  1. (a) Brazil, Russia, South Africa
  2. (b) Switzerland, Singapore, Hong Kong
  3. (c) Germany, Japan, Canada
  4. (d) USA, China, India
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Switzerland, Singapore, Hong Kong

IMD World Competitiveness Ranking 2025
TheIMD World Competitiveness Centerannually ranks economies based on economic performance, government efficiency, business efficiency, and infrastructure.
Top 3 Most Competitive Economies (2025):
1. Switzerland
2. Singapore
3. Hong Kong
These economies consistently rank high due to strong institutions, innovation, skilled workforce, and business-friendly policies.
Answer: Option 2 → Switzerland, Singapore, Hong Kong
Awards and Honours - Current · Sports and film awards - current

Q13. Who among the following won the Laureus World Sportsman of the Year Award in 2025?

  1. (a) Mondo Duplantis
  2. (b) Novak Djokovic
  3. (c) Serena Williams
  4. (d) Tom Pidcock
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Mondo Duplantis

Laureus World Sportsman of the Year 2025
Winner:Mondo Duplantis(Sweden)
Achievement: Olympic pole vault champion and world record holder
Broke his own world record multiple times in 2024
Answer: Option 1 → Mondo Duplantis
International Affairs and Summits · Summits and conferences

Q14. The International Monetary Fund AlUla Conference on Emerging Market Economies 2025 focuses on:

  1. (a) Strategies for developed economies to combat inflation
  2. (b) The role of artificial intelligence in stock market predictions
  3. (c) The impact of cryptocurrency on global trade
  4. (d) Policy challenges and opportunities for emerging markets in a shifting economic landscape
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Policy challenges and opportunities for emerging markets in a shifting economic landscape

Topic: IMF AlUla Conference 2025
Key Facts:
1. Conference held in AlUla, Saudi Arabia
2. Focuses onemerging market economies
3. Addresses policy challenges and opportunities in changing global economic conditions
4. Discusses structural reforms, growth strategies, and resilience building
Answer: Option 4 → Policy challenges and opportunities for emerging markets in a shifting economic landscape
Reports, Indices and Rankings · Reports and their publishers

Q15. Which ministry released the fourth issue of the publication titled “Children in India 2025” on 25 September 2025?

  1. (a) Ministry of Women and Child Development
  2. (b) Ministry of Education
  3. (c) Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation
  4. (d) Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation

Publication: Children in India 2025
Released by:Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI)
Date: 25 September 2025
This is thefourth issueof the publication.
MoSPI regularly publishes statistical reports on various demographic segments including children.
Answer: Option 3 → Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation
National Affairs and Government Initiatives · Policies, laws and bills

Q16. Under the Viksit Bharat – Guarantee for Rozgar and Ajeevika Mission (Gramin) (VB-G RAM G) Act, 2025, rural households are guaranteed a minimum of how many days of wage employment per year?

  1. (a) 50 days
  2. (b) 75 days
  3. (c) 100 days
  4. (d) 125 days
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) 125 days

VB-GRAM Act, 2025 - Employment Guarantee
The Viksit Bharat – Guarantee for Rozgar and Ajeevika Mission (Gramin) Act, 2025 is an enhanced version of the employment guarantee scheme.
Key Feature:
Guarantees125 daysof wage employment per year to rural households.
This is an increase from the earlier 100 days under MGNREGA.
Answer: Option 4 → 125 days
State News · State elections and results

Q17. Which Indian political leader was appointed as the central observer for the Bharatiya Janata Party’s legislative-party-leader selection in Bihar in Nov 2025?

  1. (a) Yogi Adityanath
  2. (b) Keshav Prasad Maurya
  3. (c) Arjun Ram Meghwal
  4. (d) Sadhvi Niranjan Jyoti
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Keshav Prasad Maurya

Topic:BJP Central Observer for Bihar (Nov 2025)
The Bharatiya Janata Party appointedKeshav Prasad Mauryaas the central observer for selecting the legislative party leader in Bihar.
Keshav Prasad Maurya is the Deputy Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh and a senior BJP leader.
This appointment was made in November 2025 for the Bihar legislative party leader selection process.
Answer: Option 2 → Keshav Prasad Maurya
Reports, Indices and Rankings · Global indices and India's rank

Q18. In 2025, India’s ranking in the Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI) was:

  1. (a) 15th
  2. (b) 18th
  3. (c) 10th
  4. (d) 12th
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) 10th

Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI) 2025
India ranked10thin CCPI 2025.
Key Facts:
• Published annually by Germanwatch, NewClimate Institute, and CAN.
• India maintained its position in thetop 10for consecutive years.
• Evaluated on: GHG Emissions, Renewable Energy, Energy Use, Climate Policy.
Answer: Option 3 → 10th

Economics (2)

Industry and Infrastructure · LPG reforms of 1991

Q19. Which of the following was a major goal of liberalisation under the 1991 economic reforms?

  1. (a) Ban foreign companies
  2. (b) Remove barriers to trade and industry
  3. (c) Increase government control over industries
  4. (d) Promote public sector dominance
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Remove barriers to trade and industry

1991 Economic Reforms - Liberalisation Goals
Context: India faced severe economic crisis in 1991 (balance of payment crisis, high fiscal deficit).
Major goal ofLiberalisation:
•Reduce government controlover economy
•Remove licensing requirements(License Raj ended)
•Reduce trade barriers- lower import tariffs
•Encourage private sectorparticipation
•Allow foreign investmentand competition
Options 1, 3, 4 contradict liberalisation principles.
Answer: Option 2 → Remove barriers to trade and industry
Agriculture and Food Security · Crop insurance and farmer schemes

Q20. Which of the following is the funding ratio shared by the Central and State Governments under the 'Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana' in the North-eastern and Himalayan States?

  1. (a) 50 : 50
  2. (b) 80 : 20
  3. (c) 60 : 40
  4. (d) 90 : 10
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) 90 : 10

Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY)
Launched in 2015 under Soil Health Management (SHM).
Promotes organic farming through cluster approach.
Funding Pattern:
General States: Centre 60% : State 40%
NE & Himalayan States: Centre 90% : State 10%
Answer: Option 4 → 90 : 10

Polity (5)

Parliament · Parliamentary committees

Q21. What is the primary purpose of a Parliamentary Committee in India?

  1. (a) To amend provisions of the Constitution
  2. (b) To appoint ministers to executive offices
  3. (c) To examine bills and policies in detail
  4. (d) To supervise elections across the country
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) To examine bills and policies in detail

Parliamentary Committees in India
Parliamentary Committees are specialized bodies formed by Parliament to examine legislative and administrative matters in detail.
Key Functions:
• Detailed examination of bills before Parliament
• Scrutiny of government policies and expenditure
• Review of ministry performance and implementation
Committees provide expert analysis that helps Parliament make informed decisions on complex matters.
Answer: Option 3 → To examine bills and policies in detail
DPSP and Fundamental Duties · Swaran Singh Committee and 42nd/86th amendments

Q22. Which of the following Fundamental Duties was added in the Constitution by the 86ᵗʰ Constitution Amendment Act, 2002?

  1. (a) To value and preserve the rich heritage of the country's composite culture
  2. (b) To develop scientific temper
  3. (c) To protect and improve the natural environment
  4. (d) To provide opportunities for education to a child or ward between ages six and fourteen
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) To provide opportunities for education to a child or ward between ages six and fourteen

Topic: Fundamental Duties - Constitutional Amendment
86th Amendment Act, 2002:
Added Article 21A - Right to Education (6-14 years)
Added new Fundamental Duty under Article 51A(k)
Duty: Parent/guardian to provide education opportunity to child (6-14 years)
Other Options:
Options 1, 2, 3 - Added by 42nd Amendment Act, 1976
Answer: Option 4 → To provide opportunities for education to a child or ward between ages six and fourteen
State Government · State Legislature - Legislative Assembly

Q23. What is the term of an elected MLA in Indian State Legislatures, unless dissolved prematurely?

  1. (a) 3 years
  2. (b) 4 years
  3. (c) 6 years
  4. (d) 5 years
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) 5 years

Topic:State Legislature - Term of MLA
As perArticle 172of Indian Constitution:
State Legislative Assembly term =5 yearsfrom first meeting
Can be dissolved earlier by Governor on CM's advice
President's Rule can also suspend the assembly
Answer: Option 4 → 5 years
Polity Miscellaneous · Important acts and rights laws (RTI, RTE, etc.)

Q24. What was the Untouchability (Offences) Act, 1955, renamed as in 1976?

  1. (a) Civil Rights Enforcement Act
  2. (b) Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955
  3. (c) Fundamental Rights Protection Act
  4. (d) Social Justice Act
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955

Topic: Constitutional and Social Reforms
TheUntouchability (Offences) Act, 1955was enacted to abolish untouchability and make its practice a punishable offense.
In1976, this Act was renamed as theProtection of Civil Rights Act, 1955to give it a broader scope.
The Act provides punishment for preventing persons from entering public places, using wells, and other discriminatory practices.
Answer: Option 2 → Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955
Union, Territory and Citizenship · Citizenship Act - acquisition and loss

Q25. In which of the following years was the Citizenship Act passed by the Indian Parliament?

  1. (a) 1955
  2. (b) 1953
  3. (c) 1952
  4. (d) 1950
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) 1955

Topic:Citizenship Act of India
TheCitizenship Act, 1955was passed by the Indian Parliament.
It came into force on30 December 1955.
This Act provides for acquisition and determination of Indian citizenship.
Answer: Option 1 → 1955

Physics (2)

Work, Energy and Power · Commercial unit of energy (kWh)

Q26. The commercial unit of electrical energy is kilowatt hour (kWh) and 1 kW h is equal to __________.

  1. (a) 3.6 × 10⁶ watt second
  2. (b) 3.6 × 10⁹ watt second
  3. (c) 3.6 × 10⁷ watt second
  4. (d) 3.6 × 10⁸ watt second
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) 3.6 × 10⁶ watt second

Given: 1 kWh (kilowatt hour)
Conversion:
1 kWh = 1 kilowatt × 1 hour
1 kW = 1000 watt
1 hour = 3600 seconds
Calculation:
1 kWh = 1000 watt × 3600 seconds
1 kWh = 3,600,000 watt second
1 kWh =3.6 × 10⁶ watt second
Answer: Option 1 → 3.6 × 10⁶ watt second
Electricity · Heating effect of current and Joule's law

Q27. What change occurs in the amount of heat produced when the electric current in a conductor is doubled?

  1. (a) Half
  2. (b) Same as before
  3. (c) Double
  4. (d) Four times
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Four times

Joule's Law of Heating:
Heat produced:H = I²Rt
Where I = current, R = resistance, t = time
When current is doubled: I' = 2I
New heat: H' = (2I)²Rt = 4I²Rt = 4H
Heat becomesfour timesthe original value
Answer: Option 4 → Four times

Chemistry (2)

Physical Chemistry · Gas laws (Boyle, Charles, Avogadro, ideal gas)

Q28. Which law governs the relationship between the pressure and volume of a fixed amount of gas at constant temperature?

  1. (a) Avogadro's Law
  2. (b) Charles's Law
  3. (c) Gay-Lussac's Law
  4. (d) Boyle's Law
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Boyle's Law

Topic:Gas Laws
Boyle's Law:At constant temperature, pressure and volume of a fixed amount of gas are inversely proportional.
Formula:P ∝ 1/VorPV = constant
Other laws:
Charles's Law → V ∝ T (at constant P)
Gay-Lussac's Law → P ∝ T (at constant V)
Avogadro's Law → V ∝ n (at constant P, T)
Answer: Option 4 → Boyle's Law
Periodic Classification of Elements · Periodic trends (atomic size, metallic character, electronegativity, ionisation energy)

Q29. Which factors are responsible for the increase in metallic character down a group in the periodic table?

  1. (a) Decreasing ionization energy and increasing atomic size
  2. (b) Increasing ionization energy and decreasing atomic size
  3. (c) Constant ionization energy and decreasing atomic size
  4. (d) Increasing atomic size and constant ionization energy
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Decreasing ionization energy and increasing atomic size

Metallic Character Down a Group
As we move down a group:
•Atomic size increases(more electron shells added)
•Ionization energy decreases(outer electrons farther from nucleus)
Metallic character = tendency to lose electrons
Larger atoms with lower ionization energy lose electrons more easily
Hence, metallic character increases down the group
Answer: Option 1 → Decreasing ionization energy and increasing atomic size

Static GK (5)

Dances · Folk dances by state

Q30. Chhau, a celebrated dance tradition from Eastern India, has been acknowledged by UNESCO under which cultural recognition category?

  1. (a) Cultural Landscape Heritage
  2. (b) World Heritage Sites
  3. (c) Oral and Literary Heritage
  4. (d) Intangible Cultural Heritage
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Intangible Cultural Heritage

Topic: UNESCO Cultural Recognition - Chhau Dance
Chhau Dance:Traditional masked dance from Jharkhand, West Bengal, and Odisha.
UNESCO Recognition:Inscribed in 2010 on the Representative List of theIntangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.
Intangible Cultural Heritageincludes living traditions like performing arts, festivals, rituals, and craftsmanship passed through generations.
Answer: Option 4 → Intangible Cultural Heritage
Music and Musical Instruments · Hindustani music (ragas, gharanas)

Q31. Which of the following is NOT a style of Hindustani classical music?

  1. (a) Varnam
  2. (b) Khyal
  3. (c) Dhrupad
  4. (d) Tappa
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Varnam

Hindustani Classical Music Styles
Khyal:Most popular vocal form in Hindustani music.
Dhrupad:Oldest and most serious form of Hindustani vocal.
Tappa:Fast-paced vocal style with intricate patterns.
Varnam:Belongs toCarnatic music(South Indian classical).
It is a composition used for practice and concerts in Carnatic tradition.
Answer: Option 1 → Varnam
Space, Defence and Technology · Launch vehicles and satellites

Q32. Which platform successfully completed in‑orbit testing of an environmentally friendly green propulsion system?

  1. (a) PSLV payload module from TDF
  2. (b) Geosynchronous satellite
  3. (c) GSLV upper stage
  4. (d) Chandrayaan lander
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) PSLV payload module from TDF

Topic: ISRO's Green Propulsion System
PSLV Orbital Experimental Module (POEM)
ISRO's Technology Demonstration Forum (TDF) used PSLV's fourth stage as an orbital platform.
Green Propulsion System
Successfully tested hydroxyl ammonium nitrate (HAN)-based green propellant.
This is environmentally friendly alternative to hydrazine.
POEM-3 mission (2024) demonstrated this technology in orbit.
Answer: Option 1 → PSLV payload module from TDF
Organisations and Headquarters · Regional groupings (SAARC, ASEAN, BIMSTEC, SCO, G20)

Q33. India became a full member of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) in which of the following years?

  1. (a) 2017
  2. (b) 2005
  3. (c) 2001
  4. (d) 2015
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) 2017

Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)
India and Pakistan were grantedobserver statusin 2005.
Both countries becamefull membersat the Astana Summit inJune 2017.
SCO was founded in 2001 with 6 original members: China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan.
Answer: Option 1 → 2017
Music and Musical Instruments · Musical instruments and exponents

Q34. Which of the following is a percussion instrument commonly used in Indian classical music?

  1. (a) Flute
  2. (b) Mridangam
  3. (c) Santoor
  4. (d) Veena
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Mridangam

Topic: Indian Classical Music Instruments
Percussion instrumentsare played by striking/beating.
Mridangam:Double-sided barrel drum, struck with hands.
Used in Carnatic music (South Indian classical).
Flute → Wind instrument (blown)
Santoor → String instrument (struck with mallets, but classified as string)
Veena → String instrument (plucked)
Answer: Option 2 → Mridangam

Medieval History (1)

Delhi Sultanate · Sultanate architecture

Q35. Which of the following architectural techniques was introduced to India during the Sultanate period?

  1. (a) Arch and dome construction technique
  2. (b) Barrel vaulting
  3. (c) Wooden truss construction
  4. (d) Slab-and-beam roofing
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Arch and dome construction technique

Architectural Innovation: Sultanate Period
The Delhi Sultanate (1206-1526 CE) introducedIslamic architectural techniquesto India.
Key Introduction: Arch and Dome
True arch (voussoir arch) and dome construction were brought by Turkish-Afghan rulers.
Earlier Indian architecture used corbelling and trabeate (post-and-beam) systems.
Examples: Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque, Qutub Minar complex, Alai Darwaza.
Answer: Option 1 → Arch and dome construction technique

Ancient History (2)

Mauryan Empire · Ashokan edicts and inscriptions

Q36. Which inscription expresses Ashoka’s remorse after the Kalinga war?

  1. (a) Rock Edict XIII
  2. (b) Rock Edict I
  3. (c) Pillar Edict V
  4. (d) Rock Edict VII
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Rock Edict XIII

Topic: Ashoka's Inscriptions
Rock Edict XIII is the most famous inscription where Ashoka expresses deep remorse and regret after the Kalinga war.
Key points mentioned in Rock Edict XIII:
- Describes the horrors and suffering caused by the Kalinga war
- Expresses Ashoka's grief over the death and destruction
- Marks his conversion to Buddhism and adoption of Dhamma
Answer: Option 1 → Rock Edict XIII
Mauryan Empire · Mauryan administration and economy

Q37. In Arthashastra, which two types of courts dealt with disputes among citizens and between the state and citizens?

  1. (a) Dharmasthiya and Kantakashodhana
  2. (b) Mantriparishad and Parishad
  3. (c) Sangha and Gana
  4. (d) Sabha and Samiti
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Dharmasthiya and Kantakashodhana

Topic:Kautilya's Arthashastra - Judicial System
Dharmasthiya:Civil court dealing with disputes among citizens (civil cases, property, contracts, family matters).
Kantakashodhana:Criminal court dealing with disputes between state and citizens (crimes, offenses against state).
Other options: Mantriparishad (council of ministers), Sangha-Gana (republican assemblies), Sabha-Samiti (Vedic assemblies).
Answer: Option 1 → Dharmasthiya and Kantakashodhana

Modern History (3)

Post-Independence India · Major political events after independence

Q38. What was the main purpose of the Commission of Inquiry, appointed by the Janata Party government in May 1977?

  1. (a) To assess the impact of the Emergency on civil liberties
  2. (b) To investigate the economic policies of the previous government
  3. (c) To examine allegations of abuse of authority during the Emergency
  4. (d) To evaluate the effectiveness of the Janata Party government
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) To examine allegations of abuse of authority during the Emergency

Commission of Inquiry (May 1977)
After Janata Party came to power in 1977, they appointed theShah Commissionheaded by Justice J.C. Shah.
The commission was specifically tasked to investigate and examine theallegations of abuse of authority and misuse of powerduring the Emergency period (1975-77).
It focused on excesses committed during Emergency including forced sterilizations, illegal detentions, and demolitions.
Answer: Option 3 → To examine allegations of abuse of authority during the Emergency
British Administration and Policies · Press acts and other laws

Q39. What was the primary objective of the Vernacular Press Act (1878)?

  1. (a) Restricting non-English publications to prevent criticism of British political actions.
  2. (b) Encouraging regional newspapers to defend imperial policies against opponents.
  3. (c) Removing censorship rules to allow free expression in vernacular print outlets.
  4. (d) Promoting bilingual journalism to support cultural unity in colonial territories.
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Restricting non-English publications to prevent criticism of British political actions.

Vernacular Press Act (1878)
Enacted by:Lord Lytton(Viceroy of India)
Primary Objective: Control and suppress Indian-language newspapers that criticized British policies.
Key Features:
• Applied only to vernacular (non-English) press
• Magistrates could demand security deposits and confiscate printing equipment
• English newspapers remained exempt from restrictions
Purpose: Prevent nationalist sentiments and criticism of British rule in regional languages.
Repealed: 1881 by Lord Ripon
Answer: Option 1 → Restricting non-English publications to prevent criticism of British political actions.
Revolt of 1857 · Centres and leaders

Q40. In which of the following years was Rani Lakshmi Bai killed?

  1. (a) 1858
  2. (b) 1854
  3. (c) 1857
  4. (d) 1878
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) 1858

Rani Lakshmi Bai - Queen of Jhansi
She was a prominent leader in theIndian Rebellion of 1857.
She fought bravely against British forces in the Battle of Gwalior.
She was killed in battle onJune 18, 1858at Gwalior.
Answer: Option 1 → 1858
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