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RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2025-26 24 March 2026 Shift 1 GK Questions – with answers & solutions

All 39 GK / GS questions asked in RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2025-26 on 24 March 2026 Shift 1, with correct answers and short solutions, subject-wise: Ancient History, Computer, Current Affairs, Chemistry, Geography, Biology.

📚 39 questions🗓️ 24 March 2026⏰ Shift 1
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Subjects: Ancient History (3) · Computer (5) · Current Affairs (7) · Chemistry (1) · Geography (4) · Biology (3) · Polity (6) · Medieval History (1) · Modern History (2) · Economics (4) · Physics (1) · Static GK (2)

Ancient History (3)

Post-Gupta Period · Nalanda and ancient universities

Q1. The first residential university of the world, Nalanda, was established under the patronage of which of the following rulers?

  1. (a) Samudragupta
  2. (b) Chandragupta I
  3. (c) Kumaragupta I
  4. (d) Skandagupta
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Kumaragupta I

Nalanda University - Historical Facts
Nalanda was established in the5th century CEduring the Gupta period.
Founded under the patronage ofKumaragupta I (415-455 CE).
Located in present-day Bihar, it became the world's first residential university.
Later rulers like Harshavardhana and Pala kings also patronized it.
Answer: Option 3 → Kumaragupta I
Post-Gupta Period · Pallavas

Q2. The Pallava dynasty had its capital at which of the following places?

  1. (a) Vatapi
  2. (b) Madurai
  3. (c) Badami
  4. (d) Kanchipuram
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Kanchipuram

Topic:Pallava Dynasty Capital
The Pallavas ruled from 275 CE to 897 CE in South India.
Kanchipuram(Tamil Nadu) was their capital and major cultural center.
Other options: Vatapi/Badami → Chalukya capital, Madurai → Pandya capital.
Answer: Option 4 → Kanchipuram
Indus Valley Civilisation · Town planning and structures

Q3. Which of the following is a distinctive feature found in Harappan cities?

  1. (a) Efficient transportation
  2. (b) Trade routes
  3. (c) Religious processions
  4. (d) Drainage system
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Drainage system

Topic:Harappan Civilization - Urban Planning
The Harappan cities (2600-1900 BCE) are famous for their advanced urban planning and sanitation systems.
Key Feature:Well-planned underground drainage system with covered drains running along streets.
Every house was connected to the main drainage network, showing remarkable civic planning.
This sophisticated drainage system is unique and distinguishes Harappan cities from other contemporary civilizations.
Answer: Option 4 → Drainage system

Computer (5)

Software, Operating Systems and Programming · Popular operating systems

Q4. Which of the following wildcards is used for finding the files matching a pattern?

  1. (a) /.[file extension]
  2. (b) -.[file extension]
  3. (c) +.[file extension]
  4. (d) *.[file extension]
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) *.[file extension]

Topic:Wildcards in File Systems
Asterisk (*)is the universal wildcard character.
It matches zero or more characters in filenames.
Example: *.txt finds all text files
Example: data*.csv finds data1.csv, data_new.csv, etc.
Other wildcards: ? (single char), [ ] (character set)
Answer: Option 4 → *.[file extension]
Computer Fundamentals and History · Introduction and characteristics of computers

Q5. The term GIGO (Garbage In Garbage Out) is most closely related to which computer characteristic?

  1. (a) No Heuristics
  2. (b) Diligence
  3. (c) Storage Capacity
  4. (d) Accuracy
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Accuracy

Topic: Computer Fundamentals - GIGO Principle
GIGO (Garbage In Garbage Out)means if incorrect or poor quality data is input into a computer, the output will also be incorrect or meaningless.
This principle is directly related toAccuracy- computers process data with precision, but accuracy of output depends entirely on accuracy of input data.
Computer cannot judge quality of input; it processes whatever data is given with 100% precision.
Answer: Option 4 → Accuracy
Cyber Security and Viruses · Cyber laws (IT Act 2000) and CERT-In

Q6. What is the role of parental consent under the DPDP Act, 2023, as of December 2025?

  1. (a) To allow schools to access children’s medical records
  2. (b) To permit processing of a child’s personal data by data fiduciaries
  3. (c) To grant children access to online exams
  4. (d) To approve all digital device purchases
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) To permit processing of a child’s personal data by data fiduciaries

DPDP Act, 2023 - Parental Consent Provision
Key Point:Section 9 of the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023
The Act mandatesverifiable parental consentbefore processing personal data of children (below 18 years).
Data Fiduciary's Obligation:
Must obtain consent from parent/legal guardian before collecting, storing, or processing child's data.
This protects children from unauthorized data usage and ensures parental control over their digital footprint.
Answer: Option 2 → To permit processing of a child's personal data by data fiduciaries
Computer Memory · Primary memory (RAM, ROM and their types)

Q7. Which type of computer memory loses its stored data when the power supply is turned off?

  1. (a) Magnetic memory set
  2. (b) Optical memory form
  3. (c) Volatile memory type
  4. (d) Non-volatile memory type
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Volatile memory type

Computer Memory Types:
Volatile Memory:Loses data when power is off.
Examples: RAM (Random Access Memory), Cache memory.
Non-Volatile Memory:Retains data without power.
Examples: ROM, Hard Disk, SSD, Flash drives.
Answer: Option 3 → Volatile memory type
MS Office and Productivity Tools · Keyboard shortcuts

Q8. What is the function of the keyboard shortcut Ctrl + Tab?

  1. (a) Switch between open tabs
  2. (b) Close a tab
  3. (c) Copy content
  4. (d) Save content
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Switch between open tabs

Keyboard Shortcut: Ctrl + Tab
Function: Switches between open tabs in browsers and applications.
Common Usage: Navigate forward through tabs in Chrome, Firefox, Excel, etc.
Note: Ctrl + Shift + Tab switches backward through tabs.
Answer: Option 1 → Switch between open tabs

Current Affairs (7)

Awards and Honours - Current · Sports and film awards - current

Q9. Which award is recognized as the highest honour in Indian cinema, presented to Mohanlal in September 2025?

  1. (a) Dadasaheb Phalke Award
  2. (b) Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award
  3. (c) National Award for Best Actor
  4. (d) Padma Bhushan
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Dadasaheb Phalke Award

Topic: Indian Cinema Awards
Dadasaheb Phalke Awardis the highest honour in Indian cinema.
Instituted in 1969, awarded by the Government of India for outstanding contribution to Indian cinema.
Mohanlalreceived this prestigious award in September 2025.
Named after Dadasaheb Phalke, the father of Indian cinema.
Answer: Option 1 → Dadasaheb Phalke Award
Reports, Indices and Rankings · Global indices and India's rank

Q10. Which Indian cooperatives were ranked first and second, respectively, in the International Cooperative Alliance World Cooperative Monitor 2025, as announced at the ICA CM50 Conference in Doha in 2025?

  1. (a) Amul (GCMMF) ranked first and IFFCO ranked second
  2. (b) IFFCO ranked first and Amul (GCMMF) ranked second
  3. (c) IFFCO ranked first and KRIBHCO ranked second
  4. (d) Amul (GCMMF) ranked first and KRIBHCO ranked second
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Amul (GCMMF) ranked first and IFFCO ranked second

ICA World Cooperative Monitor 2025
Announced at:ICA CM50 Conference, Doha (2025)
Indian Cooperatives Ranking:
1st Position:Amul (GCMMF)- Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation
2nd Position:IFFCO- Indian Farmers Fertiliser Cooperative
This ranking highlights India's strong cooperative sector globally.
Answer: Option 1 → Amul (GCMMF) ranked first and IFFCO ranked second
Awards and Honours - Current · National awards - current

Q11. Which of the following sectors is Shri Uday Kotak connected with, for which he was awarded the Padma Bhushan as announced in the Padma Awards 2026?

  1. (a) Social Development
  2. (b) Science and Innovation
  3. (c) Trade and Industry
  4. (d) Public Service
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Trade and Industry

Shri Uday Kotak - Padma Bhushan 2026
Uday Kotak is a prominent Indian banker and businessman.
He is the founder ofKotak Mahindra Bank, one of India's leading private sector banks.
His contributions are in thebanking and financial services sector, which falls under Trade and Industry.
Answer: Option 3 → Trade and Industry
Reports, Indices and Rankings · Reports and their publishers

Q12. In 2025, which United Nations body released the Global Methane Status Report?

  1. (a) UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
  2. (b) World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
  3. (c) UN Environment Programme (UNEP)
  4. (d) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) UN Environment Programme (UNEP)

Topic: Global Methane Status Report 2025
TheUN Environment Programme (UNEP)released the Global Methane Status Report in 2025.
Key Facts:
• UNEP coordinates global methane tracking and reduction efforts
• Report highlights methane emissions from agriculture, energy, and waste sectors
• Part of the Global Methane Pledge initiative
Answer: Option 3 → UN Environment Programme (UNEP)
Art, Culture and Events - Current · Festivals and cultural events - current

Q13. Where was the Nagpur Book Festival 2025 scheduled to be held?

  1. (a) Reshimbagh Ground
  2. (b) Kasturchand Park
  3. (c) Yeshwant Stadium
  4. (d) Mankapur Stadium
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Reshimbagh Ground

Nagpur Book Festival 2025
The Nagpur Book Festival 2025 was scheduled to be held atReshimbagh Ground.
Reshimbagh Ground is a popular venue in Nagpur for hosting large-scale events, exhibitions, and cultural festivals.
Answer: Option 1 → Reshimbagh Ground
Science, Technology and Space - Current · Health and medical research

Q14. In 2025, which province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo reported a new Ebola outbreak caused by the Zaire Ebola virus strain?

  1. (a) Kasai Province
  2. (b) North Kivu Province
  3. (c) Ituri Province
  4. (d) Kinshasa Province
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Kasai Province

Topic:Ebola Outbreak 2025 - Democratic Republic of Congo
In February 2025, DRC reported a new Ebola outbreak.
Location:Kasai Province(central DRC)
Strain:Zaire Ebola virus(most deadly strain)
This marked a fresh outbreak requiring immediate containment.
Answer: Option 1 → Kasai Province
International Affairs and Summits · Summits and conferences

Q15. Space Summit 2026, a specially curated two-day elite conference held on 2–3 February 2026, took place in which of the following countries?

  1. (a) United States
  2. (b) United Arab Emirates
  3. (c) Singapore
  4. (d) India
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Singapore

Space Summit 2026
Event: Elite two-day conference on space industry
Date: 2–3 February 2026
Location:Singapore
The summit focused on global space collaboration,
innovation, and commercial space opportunities.
Answer: Option 3 → Singapore

Chemistry (1)

Acids, Bases and Salts · Properties of acids

Q16. Which ion is responsible for the acidic nature of solutions?

  1. (a) Hydrogen ion (H+)
  2. (b) Chloride ion (Cl-)
  3. (c) Hydroxide ion (OH-)
  4. (d) Sodium ion (Na+)
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Hydrogen ion (H+)

Acidic Nature of Solutions
Acids releaseH⁺ ions(hydrogen ions) when dissolved in water.
H⁺ ions are responsible for acidic properties like sour taste, turning blue litmus red, and pH < 7.
OH⁻ ions cause basic nature, while Cl⁻ and Na⁺ are neutral ions.
Answer: Option 1 → Hydrogen ion (H+)

Geography (4)

India - Minerals, Energy and Industries · Metallic minerals and mines

Q17. Which factor has contributed most to the depletion of high-grade mineral ores in India over recent decades?

  1. (a) Increased export of unprocessed minerals
  2. (b) Limited foreign investment in mining
  3. (c) Overdependence on coal-based industries
  4. (d) Selective mining of rich ores
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Selective mining of rich ores

Topic: Mineral Resource Depletion in India
Selective Miningrefers to extracting only high-grade,
easily accessible ores while leaving low-grade deposits.
Key Impact:
• Best quality ores extracted first for quick profits
• Low-grade reserves remain unexploited
• Gradual exhaustion of premium mineral deposits
This practice has been the primary cause of high-grade
ore depletion in iron, manganese, and other minerals.
Answer: Option 4 → Selective mining of rich ores
India - Location, Physiography and Neighbours · Himalayas - ranges and peaks

Q18. The cold and chilly winds that are blocked by the Himalayas originate from Central Asia and regions close to which of the following?

  1. (a) Pacific Ocean
  2. (b) Arctic Circle
  3. (c) Mediterranean Region
  4. (d) Central Africa
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Arctic Circle

Topic: Himalayas and Climate of India
The Himalayas act as a climatic barrier for India.
Cold winds originate fromCentral Asia and Arctic Circleregions.
These extremely cold winds blow southward during winter.
The Himalayas block these Arctic winds, preventing them from entering the Indian subcontinent.
This protection keeps India warmer than other regions at similar latitudes.
Answer: Option 2 → Arctic Circle
Lithosphere - Earth's Interior and Landforms · Types of mountains, plateaus and plains

Q19. Which of the following processes is/are primarily responsible for the formation of fold mountains such as the Himalayas?

  1. (a) Erosion by rivers
  2. (b) Wind deposition
  3. (c) Volcanic eruptions
  4. (d) Plate collision
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Plate collision

Topic: Formation of Fold Mountains
Fold mountains form whentectonic plates collideand compress sedimentary rock layers, causing them to fold and rise.
Himalayas Example:
Formed by collision of Indian Plate with Eurasian Plate (~50 million years ago).
Other processes:
• Erosion (Option 1) - wears down mountains, doesn't create them
• Wind deposition (Option 2) - forms dunes, not mountains
• Volcanic eruptions (Option 3) - create volcanic mountains, not fold mountains
Answer: Option 4 → Plate collision
World Geography · World population - distribution, density and growth

Q20. According to the World Population Review Report, 2024, which of the following regions of the world has the highest population density?

  1. (a) Central Africa
  2. (b) North America
  3. (c) Western Europe
  4. (d) South-Central Asia
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) South-Central Asia

Topic: World Population Density 2024
South-Central Asia includes India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, Afghanistan, and Maldives.
This region has thehighest population densityglobally due to countries like Bangladesh (~1,265 people/km²) and India (~464 people/km²).
Other regions have lower densities: Western Europe (~180/km²), Central Africa (~50/km²), North America (~22/km²).
Answer: Option 4 → South-Central Asia

Biology (3)

Ecology and Environment · Pollution - effects on living beings

Q21. Which of the following is the most significant source of nutrient pollution leading to eutrophication in freshwater bodies?

  1. (a) Industrial effluents
  2. (b) Sewage discharge
  3. (c) Agricultural runoff
  4. (d) Urban stormwater
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Agricultural runoff

Topic: Eutrophication and Nutrient Pollution
Eutrophication:Excessive nutrient enrichment (N, P) in water bodies causing algal blooms.
Major Sources Comparison:
• Agricultural runoff: Contains high levels of fertilizers (nitrates, phosphates) from farmlands
• Covers largest land area and contributes 50-70% of nutrient pollution
• Sewage & industrial effluents: Localized point sources
Key Fact:Agricultural runoff is theleading non-point sourceof nutrient pollution globally.
Answer: Option 3 → Agricultural runoff
Cell - Structure and Function · Biomolecules and enzymes

Q22. Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) belong to which class of biomolecules?

  1. (a) Carbohydrate
  2. (b) Lipid
  3. (c) Protein
  4. (d) Nucleic acids
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Nucleic acids

Topic:Biomolecules Classification
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)andRNA (Ribonucleic Acid)are polymers of nucleotides.
They belong to the class ofNucleic Acids, which are responsible for storage and transmission of genetic information.
Other biomolecule classes: Carbohydrates (sugars), Lipids (fats), Proteins (amino acid polymers).
Answer: Option 4 → Nucleic acids
Plant Physiology and Morphology · Photosynthesis - process and factors

Q23. In the light-independent or dark phase of photosynthesis, apart from CO ₂ , which of the following components act as essential starting materials?

  1. (a) CO ₂ and H ₂ O
  2. (b) CO ₂ and glucose
  3. (c) Hydrolase and H ₂ O
  4. (d) ATP and NADPH
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) ATP and NADPH

Photosynthesis has two stages:
Light Reaction (Light-dependent)
Produces ATP and NADPH using light energy
Dark Reaction (Light-independent/Calvin Cycle)
Uses CO₂ + ATP + NADPH to synthesize glucose
Does not require direct light
Essential starting materials for dark phase:
CO₂ (from atmosphere) +ATP and NADPH(from light reaction)
Answer: Option 4 → ATP AND NADPH

Polity (6)

DPSP and Fundamental Duties · Important DPSP articles (39A, 40, 44, 45, 48A, 50, 51)

Q24. Which of the following Articles of the Indian Constitution provides for a Uniform Civil Code (UCC)?

  1. (a) Article 44
  2. (b) Article 46
  3. (c) Article 48
  4. (d) Article 42
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Article 44

Topic: Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP)
Article 44- Uniform Civil Code for citizens
States shall endeavor to secure a UCC throughout India.
Part of DPSP (Articles 36-51), not justiciable.
Other options:
Article 46 - Promotion of educational and economic interests of SCs/STs
Article 48 - Organization of agriculture and animal husbandry
Article 42 - Provision for just and humane conditions of work
Answer: Option 1 → Article 44
State Government · Legislative Council - creation and abolition

Q25. According to Article 171 of the Constitution of India, the total membership of a State’s Legislative Council shall not surpass which of the following proportions of the total members of the State Legislative Assembly?

  1. (a) Two-thirds
  2. (b) One-third
  3. (c) One-half
  4. (d) One-fourth
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) One-third

Topic: Article 171 - State Legislative Council
Constitutional Provision:
Article 171 deals with composition of Legislative Councils in states.
Key Facts:
1. Maximum strength: Not more than1/3rdof Legislative Assembly members.
2. Minimum strength: Not less than40 members.
3. Only 6 states currently have Legislative Councils.
Answer: Option 2 → One-third
DPSP and Fundamental Duties · Socialistic principles

Q26. Which Article of the Directive Principles of State Policy enshrines the principle of equal pay for equal work for both men and women in India?

  1. (a) Article 39
  2. (b) Article 43
  3. (c) Article 41
  4. (d) Article 44
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Article 39

Topic: Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP)
Article 39deals with certain principles of policy to be followed by the State.
Article 39(d)specifically states: Equal pay for equal work for both men and women.
Other options:
Article 41 → Right to work, education, and public assistance
Article 43 → Living wage and working conditions
Article 44 → Uniform Civil Code
Answer: Option 1 → Article 39
Fundamental Rights · Right to Equality (Articles 14-18)

Q27. 27% reservation for OBCs in educational institutions was provided through which Constitutional Amendment of the Indian Constitution?

  1. (a) Ninety-Fourth Amendment
  2. (b) Eighty-Sixth Amendment
  3. (c) Ninety-Third Amendment
  4. (d) Ninety-Seventh Amendment
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Ninety-Third Amendment

Topic:Constitutional Amendment for OBC Reservation
93rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 2005
Key Provisions:
- Inserted Article 15(5) in the Constitution
- Enabled 27% reservation for OBCs (Other Backward Classes)
- Applied to central educational institutions
- Exempted from Article 15(1) restrictions
Note: This amendment allowed reservation in institutions
like IITs, IIMs, and central universities.
Answer: Option 3 → Ninety-Third Amendment
Special Provisions, Official Language and Miscellaneous Provisions · Union Territories administration

Q28. Which of the following Union Territories has a Legislative Assembly and Council of Ministers?

  1. (a) Puducherry
  2. (b) Daman and Diu
  3. (c) Dadra and Nagar Haveli
  4. (d) Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Puducherry

Topic:Union Territories with Legislature
Article 239A: Parliament may create legislature for UTs.
UTs with Legislative Assembly:
1. Delhi (NCT) - Assembly + Council of Ministers
2. Puducherry - Assembly + Council of Ministers
3. Jammu & Kashmir - Assembly + Council of Ministers
Other UTs: Administrator-ruled (no legislature).
Answer: Option 1 → Puducherry
Local Government · 74th Amendment - urban local bodies

Q29. Under the 74th Amendment of the Indian Constitution, who is eligible for representation in a municipality without voting rights?

  1. (a) Governors of States
  2. (b) Persons with special knowledge in municipal administration
  3. (c) Members of the Gram Sabha
  4. (d) The Chief Minister
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Persons with special knowledge in municipal administration

74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992
Article 243R deals with composition of municipalities.
Key Provision:
State Legislature may provide for representation of persons havingspecial knowledge or experience in municipal administration.
Important: These persons do NOT have voting rights in municipality meetings.
They serve in advisory capacity to bring expertise.
Answer: Option 2 → Persons with special knowledge in municipal administration

Medieval History (1)

Bhakti, Sufi and Sikh Movements · Bhakti in Maharashtra and Bengal (Namdev, Tukaram, Chaitanya)

Q30. Which of the following languages is linked with the abhang devotional verses composed by Sant Tukaram in praise of the Divine?

  1. (a) Hindi
  2. (b) Marathi
  3. (c) Gujarati
  4. (d) Kannada
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Marathi

Topic: Sant Tukaram and Abhang Literature
Sant Tukaram (1608-1650)was a prominent Marathi saint and poet from Maharashtra.
He composed devotional verses calledAbhangsin praise of Lord Vitthal ( Vithoba ).
Abhangis a form of devotional poetry inMarathi language, part of the Bhakti movement.
His works are compiled inAbhanga Gatha, a major contribution to Marathi literature.
Answer: Option 2 → Marathi

Modern History (2)

Peasant, Tribal and Civil Uprisings · Early civil and tribal revolts

Q31. In which year did the Vellore Mutiny take place?

  1. (a) 1806 CE
  2. (b) 1799 CE
  3. (c) 1857 CE
  4. (d) 1817 CE
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) 1806 CE

Vellore Mutiny - 1806 CE
First major uprising against British East India Company.
Occurred on 10 July 1806 at Vellore Fort, Tamil Nadu.
Triggered by new dress code regulations that offended religious sentiments of Indian sepoys.
Predated the 1857 Revolt by 51 years.
Answer: Option 1 → 1806 CE
Advent of Europeans and British Expansion · Dutch, Danish and French

Q32. Which battle in 1741 marked the defeat of the Dutch by an Indian ruler?

  1. (a) Carnatic Wars
  2. (b) Battle of Buxar
  3. (c) Battle of Plassey
  4. (d) Battle of Colachel
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Battle of Colachel

Battle of Colachel (1741)
Fought between:Travancore(under Maharaja Marthanda Varma) vsDutch East India Company
Location: Colachel , present-day Tamil Nadu
Outcome: Decisive victory for Travancore; Dutch commanderEustachius De Lannoycaptured
Significance: First major defeat of a European power by an Indian ruler in naval warfare
Other options: Carnatic Wars (1746-1763), Plassey (1757), Buxar (1764) - all involved British, not Dutch
Answer: Option 4 → Battle of Colachel

Economics (4)

Industry and Infrastructure · LPG reforms of 1991

Q33. Which process in the contemporary period is responsible for economic integration of countries on a global scale?

  1. (a) Glocalisation
  2. (b) Transnationalisation
  3. (c) Industrialisation
  4. (d) Globalisation
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Globalisation

Topic: Economic Integration
Globalisationis the process of economic, political, and cultural integration of countries worldwide.
Key features:
• Free flow of goods, services, capital, and labor across borders
• Integration of national economies into global economy
• Increased interdependence among nations
Other options:
Glocalisation = Global + Local adaptation
Transnationalisation = Operations across borders
Industrialisation = Development of industries
Answer: Option 4 → Globalisation
Industry and Infrastructure · LPG reforms of 1991

Q34. What are the three aims of economic policy listed in the 1991 document?

  1. (a) Nationalisation, Deregulation, Decentralisation
  2. (b) Liberalisation, Globalisation, Privatisation
  3. (c) Market Liberalisation, Trade Restrictions, State Control
  4. (d) Protectionism, Regulation, Public Ownership
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Liberalisation, Globalisation, Privatisation

Topic: Economic Reforms of 1991
The 1991 economic policy document introduced major reforms in India under Prime Minister P.V. Narasimha Rao and Finance Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh.
Three Main Aims:
1.Liberalisation→ Removing government controls and restrictions on industries
2.Globalisation→ Integrating Indian economy with world economy
3.Privatisation→ Reducing public sector role and encouraging private sector
These reforms marked a shift from socialist policies to market-oriented economy.
Answer: Option 2 → Liberalisation, Globalisation, Privatisation
Inflation · Types of inflation (demand-pull, cost-push, stagflation)

Q35. Which of the following is a limitation of increasing government expenditure to encourage economic growth in the Indian economy?

  1. (a) A substantial increase in social capital development
  2. (b) A substantial increase in foreign trade
  3. (c) Possibility of increased inflation
  4. (d) Creation of a tendency toward stagflation
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Possibility of increased inflation

Topic:Fiscal Policy & Government Spending
Question:Limitation of increasing government expenditure to promote economic growth
Key Concept:Expansionary fiscal policy increases aggregate demand
Main Limitation:Excess government spending → Higher demand → Demand-pull inflation
When government spending exceeds productive capacity, prices rise rapidly
Other options incorrect:
Social capital development & foreign trade are positive outcomes
Stagflation = inflation + stagnation (not typical result of spending increase)
Answer: Option 3 →
External Sector and International Economic Organisations · FDI, FPI and FEMA

Q36. FDI in Multi Brand Retail Trade is permitted up to what limit?

  1. (a) 74%
  2. (b) 49%
  3. (c) 51%
  4. (d) 100%
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) 51%

FDI in Multi Brand Retail Trade (MBRT)
Policy: FDI allowed up to51%under approval route.
Key Conditions:
• Minimum investment: $100 million
• 30% sourcing from MSMEs mandatory
• Only in cities with 1 million+ population
Note: Single Brand Retail allows up to 100% FDI.
Answer: Option 3 → 51%

Physics (1)

Heat and Thermodynamics · Laws of thermodynamics and heat engines

Q37. Which type of thermodynamic system does not allow any exchange of energy or matter between the system and its surroundings?

  1. (a) Partially closed
  2. (b) Open
  3. (c) Isolated
  4. (d) Closed
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Isolated

Topic:Thermodynamic Systems
Types of Systems:
1.Open System→ Exchange of both mass and energy
2.Closed System→ Exchange of energy only, no mass
3.Isolated System→ No exchange of mass or energy
Question asks: No exchange of energy OR mass
Isolated System→ Completely sealed from surroundings

Static GK (2)

Dances · Classical dances and their states

Q38. _________ or ‘Dance of an Enchantress’ is a solo dance, performed primarily by women, in the state of Kerala.

  1. (a) Bharatanatyam
  2. (b) Thiruvathirakali
  3. (c) Kathakali
  4. (d) Mohiniyaattam
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Mohiniyaattam

Topic: Classical Dance Forms of Kerala
Mohiniyaattammeans 'Dance of the Enchantress' (Mohini = enchantress).
It is a classical solo dance form ofKerala, performed primarily bywomen.
Features graceful, swaying movements resembling a woman in love.
Recognized as one of the eight classical dances of India.
Answer: Option 4 → Mohiniyaattam
Music and Musical Instruments · Devotional and semi-classical song forms

Q39. Which classical Indian music form is primarily performed in temples as part of devotional worship, especially in Kerala?

  1. (a) Khayal
  2. (b) Dhrupad
  3. (c) Thumri
  4. (d) Sopana Sangeetham
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Sopana Sangeetham

Topic: Classical Indian Music Forms
Sopana Sangeethamis a classical music form of Kerala performed on the steps (sopana) of temples during devotional worship.
It is characterized by slow tempo and devotional lyrics, primarily associated with temple rituals.
Other Options:
Khayal, Dhrupad, Thumri → Hindustani classical forms, not temple-specific to Kerala.
Answer: Option 4 → Sopana Sangeetham
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