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SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 12 November 2025 Shift 2 GK Questions – with answers & solutions

All 47 GK / GS questions asked in SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 on 12 November 2025 Shift 2, with correct answers and short solutions, subject-wise: Static GK, Current Affairs, Economics, Geography, Physics, Chemistry.

📚 47 questions🗓️ 12 November 2025⏰ Shift 2
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Subjects: Static GK (10) · Current Affairs (7) · Economics (10) · Geography (6) · Physics (4) · Chemistry (2) · Medieval History (2) · Polity (2) · Biology (2) · Ancient History (2)

Static GK (10)

Sports · Sports and famous players

Q1. Tokyo Olympian C.A. Bhavani Devi is associated with which sport?

  1. (a) Fencing
  2. (b) Shooting
  3. (c) Badminton
  4. (d) Gymnastics
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Fencing

C.A. Bhavani Devi is India's first Olympic fencer. She represented India at the Tokyo 2020 Olympics and won a bronze medal at the 2022 Commonwealth Games in Fencing. Shooting and Badminton are unrelated sports; Gymnastics is associated with Dipa Karmakar.
Books and Authors · Modern Indian books and authors

Q2. Who is the author of the book 'The Illicit Happiness of Other People'?

  1. (a) Janice Pariat
  2. (b) Madhuri Vijay
  3. (c) Neel Mukherjee
  4. (d) Manu Joseph
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Manu Joseph

Manu Joseph, an Indian author and journalist, wrote 'The Illicit Happiness of Other People' (2012), set in the city of Madras (Chennai). Janice Pariat wrote 'Seahorse'; Madhuri Vijay wrote 'The Far Field'; Neel Mukherjee wrote 'The Lives of Others' — all are different works.
Music and Musical Instruments · Folk music and songs by state

Q3. ' Abhanga Vanis' are folk songs of which state?

  1. (a) Manipur
  2. (b) West Bengal
  3. (c) Maharashtra
  4. (d) Tamil Nadu
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Maharashtra

Abhanga Vanis are devotional songs rooted in the Varkari tradition of Maharashtra. They were composed and sung by Marathi saints like Sant Tukaram and Sant Dnyaneshwar as forms of devotion to Lord Vitthal ( Vithoba ) at Pandharpur. They are not associated with Manipur, West Bengal, or Tamil Nadu.
Dances · Folk dances by state

Q4. The ' Jhoda ' dance, performed on a full moon night around Holi, belongs to which Indian state?

  1. (a) Goa
  2. (b) Uttarakhand
  3. (c) Andhra Pradesh
  4. (d) Karnataka
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Uttarakhand

Jhoda (also called Joda) is a traditional folk dance of Uttarakhand, typically performed by men and women in circular formation during the Holi season on full moon nights. It is an integral part of Uttarakhand's folk culture. The other states — Goa, Andhra Pradesh, and Karnataka — have their own distinct folk dances but not the Jhoda .
Indian Railways · Railway projects and technology (Kavach, DFC, high-speed rail)

Q5. Which railway zone became India's first to switch to compostable bioplastic on trains in August 2025?

  1. (a) Northern Railway
  2. (b) Southern Railway
  3. (c) Western Railway
  4. (d) Northeast Frontier Railway
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Northeast Frontier Railway

In August 2025, the Northeast Frontier Railway (NFR) became India's first railway zone to switch to compostable bioplastic materials (replacing conventional plastic utensils/packaging) on trains. This was part of an environment-friendly initiative. Northern, Southern, and Western Railways had not achieved this milestone first.
Sports · Sports and famous players

Q6. Tokyo Olympian C. A. Bhavani Devi is associated with which sport?

  1. (a) Fencing
  2. (b) Shooting
  3. (c) Badminton
  4. (d) Gymnastics
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Fencing

Correct Answer: Fencing
C. A. Bhavani Devi (Chadalavada Anandha Sundhararaman Bhavani Devi) is India's first fencer to qualify for the Olympics. She competed in the Tokyo 2020 Olympics in the women's sabre event.
Why other options are wrong:
- Shooting: Associated with athletes like Abhinav Bindra, Manu Bhaker.
- Badminton: Associated with P. V. Sindhu, Saina Nehwal.
- Gymnastics: Associated with Dipa Karmakar.
Books and Authors · Modern Indian books and authors

Q7. Who is the author of the book 'The Illicit Happiness of Other People'?

  1. (a) Janice Pariat
  2. (b) Madhuri Vijay
  3. (c) Neel Mukherjee
  4. (d) Manu Joseph
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Manu Joseph

Correct Answer: Manu Joseph
'The Illicit Happiness of Other People' is a novel by Manu Joseph, an Indian author and journalist. Published in 2012, it is set in Chennai and explores the story of a father investigating his son's mysterious death.
Why other options are wrong:
- Janice Pariat: Known for 'Boats on Land' and 'Everything the Light Touches.'
- Madhuri Vijay: Known for her debut novel 'The Far Field' (2019).
- Neel Mukherjee: Known for 'The Lives of Others' and 'A State of Freedom.'
Music and Musical Instruments · Folk music and songs by state

Q8. ' Abhanga Vanis' are folk songs of which state?

  1. (a) Manipur
  2. (b) West Bengal
  3. (c) Maharashtra
  4. (d) Tamil Nadu
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Maharashtra

Correct Answer: Maharashtra
Abhanga (or Abhang) is a form of devotional poetry and folk songs from Maharashtra. These are compositions by the saints of the Warkari movement, especially Sant Tukaram, Sant Dnyaneshwar, and Sant Namdev. They are sung in praise of the deity Vitthal of Pandharpur.
Why other options are wrong:
- Manipur: Known for Lai Haraoba and Pung Cholom folk forms.
- West Bengal: Known for Baul and Bhatiali folk music.
- Tamil Nadu: Known for Bharatanatyam and Carnatic music traditions.
Dances · Folk dances by state

Q9. The ' Jhoda ' dance, performed on a full moon night around Holi, belongs to which Indian state?

  1. (a) Goa
  2. (b) Uttarakhand
  3. (c) Andhra Pradesh
  4. (d) Karnataka
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Uttarakhand

Correct Answer: Uttarakhand
The Jhoda dance is a traditional folk dance of Uttarakhand, performed by both men and women on the full moon night around the Holi festival. It is associated with the Kumaoni culture of the region.
Why other options are wrong:
- Goa: Known for Fugdi , Dekhni, and Dhalo folk dances.
- Andhra Pradesh: Known for Kuchipudi, Kolattam , and Lambadi dances.
- Karnataka: Known for Yakshagana and Dollu Kunitha folk forms.
Indian Railways · Railway projects and technology (Kavach, DFC, high-speed rail)

Q10. Which railway zone became India's first to switch to compostable bioplastic on trains in August 2025?

  1. (a) Northern Railway
  2. (b) Southern Railway
  3. (c) Western Railway
  4. (d) Northeast Frontier Railway
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Northeast Frontier Railway

Correct Answer: Northeast Frontier Railway
Northeast Frontier Railway (NFR) became India's first railway zone to introduce compostable bioplastic items on trains in August 2025, replacing single-use plastic. This initiative was part of India's green mission to reduce plastic waste on the Indian Railways network.
Why other options are wrong:
- Northern Railway: Not the first to adopt compostable bioplastic.
- Southern Railway: Not associated with this specific initiative.
- Western Railway: Not the first zone for compostable bioplastic on trains.

Current Affairs (7)

Appointments and Resignations · Heads of organisations

Q11. As of 31st May 2025, who is the Chairman of the Bar Council of India?

  1. (a) Ashok Arora
  2. (b) Manan Kumar Mishra
  3. (c) Vikas Singh
  4. (d) Dushyant Dave
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Manan Kumar Mishra

Manan Kumar Mishra, a senior advocate of the Supreme Court, was elected Chairman of the Bar Council of India in October 2023 and continued in office as of 31st May 2025. The other options — Ashok Arora, Vikas Singh, and Dushyant Dave — have not held this position at the relevant time.
Reports, Indices and Rankings · Global indices and India's rank

Q12. Which index in 2025 highlighted that account ownership in India has reached 89% since 2011?

  1. (a) Global Findex 2025
  2. (b) Fiscal Health Index 2025
  3. (c) Gross Financial Index 2025
  4. (d) National Strategy for Financial Education
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Global Findex 2025

The Global Findex Report 2025, published by the World Bank, highlighted that account ownership in India has reached 89%, a significant rise since 2011. It tracks financial inclusion globally. The Fiscal Health Index and other options are unrelated to financial inclusion measurement.
National Affairs and Government Initiatives · National events and launches

Q13. India's first airport-based self-powered indoor air quality monitoring facility 'Pavana Chitra' was unveiled at which airport in October 2024?

  1. (a) Chennai International Airport
  2. (b) Bengaluru International Airport
  3. (c) Jaipur International Airport
  4. (d) Thiruvananthapuram International Airport
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Thiruvananthapuram International Airport

'Pavana Chitra', India's first airport-based self-powered indoor air quality monitoring facility, was unveiled at the Thiruvananthapuram International Airport (Kerala) in October 2024. It is powered by renewable energy. The other airports — Chennai, Bengaluru, and Jaipur — did not host this inaugural facility.
Appointments and Resignations · Heads of organisations

Q14. As of 31st May 2025, who is the Chairman of the Bar Council of India?

  1. (a) Ashok Arora
  2. (b) Manan Kumar Mishra
  3. (c) Vikas Singh
  4. (d) Dushyant Dave
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Manan Kumar Mishra

Correct Answer: Manan Kumar Mishra
Manan Kumar Mishra is a senior advocate and has been serving as Chairman of the Bar Council of India. He is also a prominent leader of the BJP's legal cell.
Why other options are wrong:
- Ashok Arora: Not a known BCI chairman.
- Vikas Singh: Former president of Supreme Court Bar Association, not BCI chairman.
- Dushyant Dave: Former president of Supreme Court Bar Association.
National Affairs and Government Initiatives · New government schemes and missions

Q15. In 2025, the Women Entrepreneurship Platform (WEP), launched EmpowHER Biz ? Sapno Ki Udaan in partnership with _____.

  1. (a) New Shop
  2. (b) TATA Trusts
  3. (c) Azad Foundation
  4. (d) JIO World
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) New Shop

Correct Answer: New Shop
In 2025, WEP (Women Entrepreneurship Platform) ? an initiative by NITI Aayog ? launched ' EmpowHER Biz ? Sapno Ki Udaan' in partnership with New Shop to support women entrepreneurs across India.
Why other options are wrong:
- TATA Trusts: A major philanthropic body; not the partner for this specific initiative.
- Azad Foundation: Works on women's livelihood but not the partner here.
- JIO World: A commercial/entertainment venue; not linked to this programme .
Reports, Indices and Rankings · Global indices and India's rank

Q16. Which index in 2025 highlighted that account ownership in India has reached to 89% since 2011?

  1. (a) Global Findex 2025
  2. (b) Fiscal Health Index 2025
  3. (c) Gross Financial Index 2025
  4. (d) National Strategy for Financial Education
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Global Findex 2025

Correct Answer: Global Findex 2025
The Global Findex Database 2025, published by the World Bank, reported that account ownership in India has risen to 89%, a significant increase since the first Findex survey in 2011 (when it was around 35%). This reflects the success of financial inclusion programmes like Jan Dhan Yojana.
Why other options are wrong:
- Fiscal Health Index 2025: Measures state government finances; unrelated to account ownership.
- Gross Financial Index 2025: No such recognised index exists.
- National Strategy for Financial Education: This is a policy document by RBI/SEBI, not an index.
National Affairs and Government Initiatives · National events and launches

Q17. India's first airport based self-powered indoor air quality monitoring facility 'Pavana Chitra' was unveiled at which airport in October 2024?

  1. (a) Chennai International Airport
  2. (b) Bengaluru International Airport
  3. (c) Jaipur International Airport
  4. (d) Thiruvananthapuram International Airport
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Thiruvananthapuram International Airport

Correct Answer: Thiruvananthapuram International Airport
'Pavana Chitra' ? India's first airport-based, self-powered indoor air quality monitoring facility ? was unveiled at Thiruvananthapuram International Airport in October 2024. It runs on solar energy and monitors parameters such as PM2.5, CO2, and VOCs in real time.
Why other options are wrong:
- Chennai Airport: No such facility unveiled here in October 2024.
- Bengaluru Airport: Not the location of Pavana Chitra.
- Jaipur Airport: Not associated with this specific facility.

Economics (10)

Public Finance - Budget and Taxation · Union Budget - latest highlights

Q18. Announced in the Union Budget 2025-26, what is the primary objective of the National Geospatial Mission?

  1. (a) To create and manage an integrated geospatial infrastructure for governance and development
  2. (b) To promote satellite launch services for private companies
  3. (c) To provide free GPS services to rural areas
  4. (d) To monitor climate change patterns through satellite data
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) To create and manage an integrated geospatial infrastructure for governance and development

The National Geospatial Mission announced in Union Budget 2025-26 aims to create and manage an integrated geospatial infrastructure to support governance, planning, and development in India. It focuses on building foundational geospatial data layers for various sectors. The other options describe unrelated satellite or space-policy objectives.
Basic Concepts and Economic Systems · Demand, supply and elasticity

Q19. In the context of Microeconomics, the graphical representation of the demand function is called the ________.

  1. (a) demand curve
  2. (b) goods curve
  3. (c) supply curve
  4. (d) seller curve
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) demand curve

In microeconomics, the demand function (relationship between price and quantity demanded) is graphically represented as the demand curve, which typically slopes downward from left to right, illustrating the inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded. The supply curve represents the supply function; the goods curve belongs to IS-LM analysis; 'seller curve' is not a standard economic term.
Inflation · WPI and CPI

Q20. Abhijit Sen was the chairman of the Committee on the Wholesale Price Index which submitted its report in ________.

  1. (a) 2004
  2. (b) 2008
  3. (c) 2010
  4. (d) 2006
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) 2008

The Technical Review Committee on the Wholesale Price Index (WPI), chaired by economist Abhijit Sen, submitted its report in 2008. The committee recommended revising the WPI series and adopting 2004-05 as the new base year. The other years — 2004, 2010, and 2006 — do not correspond to the submission of this committee's report.
Planning and NITI Aayog · Planning Commission and NDC

Q21. Who among the following was the Deputy Chairman of Planning Commission under the Tenth Five Year Plan?

  1. (a) Shankarrao Chavan
  2. (b) K.C. Pant
  3. (c) Yaswant Sinha
  4. (d) P. Shiv Shankar
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) K.C. Pant

K.C. Pant served as the Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission during the initial years of the Tenth Five Year Plan (2002–2007) under the Vajpayee government. He served in this role from 2001–2004. Shankarrao Chavan, Yaswant Sinha, and P. Shiv Shankar held other important positions but were not Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission during the Tenth Plan period.
External Sector and International Economic Organisations · Foreign trade policy and EXIM

Q22. In the context of trade policy tools, which of the following is considered as a non-tariff measure?
I. Antidumping measures
II. Technical barriers to trade measures

  1. (a) Only I
  2. (b) Only II
  3. (c) Both I and II
  4. (d) Neither I nor II
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Both I and II

Both antidumping measures and technical barriers to trade (TBT) are non-tariff measures (NTMs) in international trade. Antidumping measures are duties imposed to counter imports priced unfairly below cost. Technical barriers include product standards, regulations, and testing requirements applied to imports. Both are recognized WTO-covered non-tariff instruments.
Public Finance - Budget and Taxation · Union Budget - latest highlights

Q23. Announced in the Union Budget 2025?26, what is the primary objective of the National Geospatial Mission?

  1. (a) To create and manage an integrated geospatial infrastructure for governance and development
  2. (b) To promote satellite launch services for private companies
  3. (c) To provide free GPS services to rural areas
  4. (d) To monitor climate change patterns through satellite data
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) To create and manage an integrated geospatial infrastructure for governance and development

Correct Answer: To create and manage an integrated geospatial infrastructure for governance and development
The National Geospatial Mission, announced in Union Budget 2025-26, aims to build an integrated geospatial data infrastructure to support evidence-based governance, urban/rural planning, and national development.
Why other options are wrong:
- Satellite launch for private companies: This is the goal of IN- SPACe / ISRO commercial policy, not this mission.
- Free GPS for rural areas: GPS is already freely available; this is not the mission's objective.
- Monitor climate change via satellite: This relates to environmental agencies like ISRO's climate programmes , not this specific mission.
Basic Concepts and Economic Systems · Demand, supply and elasticity

Q24. In the context of Microeconomics, the graphical representation of the demand function is called the _____.

  1. (a) demand curve
  2. (b) goods curve
  3. (c) supply curve
  4. (d) seller curve
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) demand curve

Correct Answer: Demand curve
In Microeconomics, the demand function shows the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity demanded. When this function is plotted on a graph (price on Y-axis, quantity on X-axis), it is called the Demand Curve. It typically slopes downward from left to right, following the Law of Demand.
Why other options are wrong:
- Goods curve: Not a standard term in economics.
- Supply curve: Represents the supply function, not the demand function.
- Seller curve: Not a recognised economic concept.
Inflation · WPI and CPI

Q25. Abhijit Sen was the chairman of the Committee on the Wholesale Price Index which submitted its report in _____.

  1. (a) 2004
  2. (b) 2008
  3. (c) 2010
  4. (d) 2006
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) 2008

Correct Answer: 2008
The Working Group on Revision of the Wholesale Price Index (WPI) was chaired by Prof. Abhijit Sen, a member of the Planning Commission. The committee submitted its report in 2008, leading to the revision of the WPI series (base year changed to 2004-05).
Why other options are wrong:
- 2004: The committee was not reporting in 2004.
- 2010: The revised WPI series was released later, but the committee report was in 2008.
- 2006: Not the correct year of submission.
Planning and NITI Aayog · Planning Commission and NDC

Q26. Who among the following was the deputy chairman of Planning Commission under the tenth five year plan?

  1. (a) Shankarrao Chavan
  2. (b) K.C. Pant
  3. (c) Yaswant Sinha
  4. (d) P. Shiv Shankar
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) K.C. Pant

Correct Answer: K.C. Pant
K.C. Pant (Krishnachandra Pant) served as the Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission during the Tenth Five Year Plan (2002?2007), under the NDA government led by Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee.
Why other options are wrong:
- Shankarrao Chavan: Was a senior Congress leader and served as Finance Minister; not deputy chairman of Planning Commission at this time.
- Yaswant Sinha: Served as Finance Minister under NDA; not the deputy chairman of Planning Commission.
- P. Shiv Shankar: Was a Congress politician and former minister; not linked to the 10th Plan Planning Commission leadership.
External Sector and International Economic Organisations · Foreign trade policy and EXIM

Q27. In the context of trade policy tools, which of the following is considered as non-tariff measure?
I. Anti-dumping measures
II. Technical barriers to trade measures

  1. (a) Only I
  2. (b) Only II
  3. (c) Both I and II
  4. (d) Neither I nor II
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Both I and II

Correct Answer: Both I and II
Non-tariff measures (NTMs) are trade policy tools other than customs tariffs that can restrict or regulate international trade. Both the given measures are NTMs:
- Anti-dumping measures: Duties imposed on imported goods sold below fair value to protect domestic industries. These are non-tariff in nature as they go beyond standard customs duties.
- Technical barriers to trade (TBT): These include product standards, testing requirements, labelling, and certification procedures that countries impose on imports. They are among the most common NTMs.
Why 'Only I' is wrong: TBT is also a non-tariff measure.
Why 'Only II' is wrong: Anti-dumping is also a non-tariff measure.
Why 'Neither' is wrong: Both are well- recognised NTMs under WTO framework.

Geography (6)

Environment and Protected Areas · Elephant reserves and other conservation projects

Q28. ________ Project is the world's first inter-continental large wild carnivore translocation project.

  1. (a) Lion
  2. (b) Cheetah
  3. (c) Crocodile
  4. (d) Panther
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Cheetah

Project Cheetah is the world's first inter-continental large wild carnivore translocation project. Cheetahs were brought from Namibia (2022) and South Africa (2023) to Kuno National Park in Madhya Pradesh, India. Cheetahs had become extinct in India since 1952. No such large-scale inter-continental translocation project exists for lions, crocodiles, or panthers.
India - Agriculture · Cropping seasons (kharif, rabi, zaid)

Q29. Which of the following is NOT a cropping season in India?

  1. (a) Kharif
  2. (b) Rabi
  3. (c) Zaid
  4. (d) Barani
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Barani

India has three main cropping seasons: Kharif (June–October, e.g., rice, cotton), Rabi (October–March, e.g., wheat, mustard), and Zaid (March–June, e.g., vegetables). 'Barani' is NOT a cropping season; it refers to rainfed/dryland farming (cultivation without irrigation, dependent on rainfall). It describes a type of cultivation, not a seasonal crop cycle.
India - Population and Census · Census 2011 - population and growth

Q30. What led to the decline in mortality rate in India during 1921–1951?

  1. (a) Second World War
  2. (b) Improved health and sanitation
  3. (c) Increase in birth rate
  4. (d) Artificial intelligence
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Improved health and sanitation

The decline in mortality rate in India during 1921–1951 was primarily driven by improved health and sanitation measures, including vaccination campaigns, control of epidemic diseases (plague, cholera, malaria), introduction of antibiotics, and better public health infrastructure. The Second World War had no direct positive impact on India's mortality. Increase in birth rate raises population, not reduces mortality. Artificial intelligence did not exist during this period.
Environment and Protected Areas · Elephant reserves and other conservation projects

Q31. Project _____ is the world's first inter-continental large wild carnivore translocation project.

  1. (a) Lion
  2. (b) Cheetah
  3. (c) Crocodile
  4. (d) Panther
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Cheetah

Correct Answer: Cheetah
Project Cheetah is the world's first inter-continental translocation of a large wild carnivore. Cheetahs were translocated from Namibia (September 2022) and South Africa (2023) to Kuno National Park in Madhya Pradesh, India. The African cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) was brought to reintroduce the species which had become extinct in India by the 1950s.
Why other options are wrong:
- Lion: Project Lion (Asiatic Lion) focuses on habitat restoration in Gir; it is not inter-continental.
- Crocodile: Crocodile conservation involves local breeding programmes , not inter-continental translocation.
- Panther: No such large-scale inter-continental translocation project exists for panthers.
India - Agriculture · Cropping seasons (kharif, rabi, zaid)

Q32. Which of the following is NOT a cropping season in India?

  1. (a) Kharif
  2. (b) Rabi
  3. (c) Zaid
  4. (d) Barani
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Barani

Correct Answer: Barani
India has three main cropping seasons:
- Kharif: Sown in June?July (monsoon), harvested in September?October . Examples: Rice, Maize, Cotton.
- Rabi: Sown in October?November , harvested in March?April . Examples: Wheat, Mustard, Barley.
- Zaid: A short summer season between Rabi and Kharif. Examples: Watermelon, Cucumber.
'Barani' is not a cropping season. It refers to rain-fed (unirrigated) farming, i.e., land that depends entirely on rainfall for water. It describes a type of agriculture, not a season.
Hence, Barani is NOT a cropping season in India.
India - Population and Census · Census 2011 - population and growth

Q33. What led to the decline in mortality rate in India during 1921-1951?

  1. (a) Second world war
  2. (b) Improved health and sanitation
  3. (c) Increase in birth rate
  4. (d) Artificial intelligence
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Improved health and sanitation

Correct Answer: Improved health and sanitation
During 1921?1951, the mortality rate in India declined primarily due to improvements in health infrastructure and sanitation, including:
- Control of epidemic diseases like plague, cholera, and smallpox.
- Introduction of modern medicines and vaccines.
- Expansion of hospitals and health services.
- Better sanitation and safe drinking water in urban areas.
This period is known as the beginning of the 'demographic transition' in India.
Why other options are wrong:
- Second World War (1939?1945): Actually caused increased mortality in some regions, not a decline.
- Increase in birth rate: Birth rate affects population growth, not mortality rate directly.
- Artificial intelligence: Did not exist during this period.

Physics (4)

Gravitation · Satellites, orbital velocity and escape velocity

Q34. If a satellite is in the plane of the equator with 0 degrees inclination and at a height of about 36,000 km, then it is said to be in ________ orbit.

  1. (a) Polar
  2. (b) Geo-stationary
  3. (c) Elliptical
  4. (d) Sun-synchronous
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Geo-stationary

A geo-stationary orbit is located at approximately 35,786 km above the equator with 0 degrees inclination. The satellite moves in sync with Earth's rotation, appearing stationary relative to a point on Earth. Polar orbits have high inclination (near 90°); elliptical orbits are non-circular; sun-synchronous orbits maintain a consistent solar angle — all are different from geostationary.
Work, Energy and Power · Potential energy

Q35. What is gravitational potential energy?

  1. (a) Energy possessed by an object due to its motion
  2. (b) Energy stored in an object due to its position above the ground
  3. (c) Energy that is released during a chemical reaction
  4. (d) Energy transferred through heat
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Energy stored in an object due to its position above the ground

Gravitational potential energy (GPE) is the energy stored in an object because of its height/position above the ground. It is given by GPE = mgh . Energy due to motion is kinetic energy; energy released in a chemical reaction is chemical energy; energy transferred through heat is thermal/heat energy.
Gravitation · Satellites, orbital velocity and escape velocity

Q36. If a satellite is in the plane of the equator with 0 degrees inclination and at a height of about 36000 km then it is said to be in _____ orbit.

  1. (a) Polar
  2. (b) Geo-stationary
  3. (c) Elliptical
  4. (d) Sun-synchronous
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Geo-stationary

Correct Answer: Geo-stationary
A geostationary orbit (GEO) is a circular orbit located directly above the Earth's equator (0? inclination) at an altitude of approximately 35,786 km (~36,000 km). A satellite in this orbit rotates at the same angular speed as Earth, appearing stationary relative to the ground. It is widely used for communication and weather satellites.
Why other options are wrong:
- Polar orbit: Has an inclination of ~90?, passing over the poles.
- Elliptical orbit: Has varying altitude; the orbit is not circular.
- Sun-synchronous: A near-polar orbit (~98? inclination) that passes over any given point at the same local solar time.
Work, Energy and Power · Potential energy

Q37. What is gravitational potential energy?

  1. (a) Energy possessed by an object due to its motion
  2. (b) Energy stored in an object due to its position above the ground
  3. (c) Energy that is released during a chemical reaction
  4. (d) Energy transferred through heat
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Energy stored in an object due to its position above the ground

Correct Answer: Energy stored in an object due to its position above the ground
Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE) is the energy stored in an object due to its height (position) above a reference point (usually the ground). Formula: GPE = mgh , where m = mass, g = acceleration due to gravity, h = height.
Why other options are wrong:
- Energy due to motion: This is kinetic energy (KE = ?mv?).
- Energy released during chemical reaction: This is chemical energy.
- Energy transferred through heat: This is thermal/heat energy.

Chemistry (2)

Matter and its States · Evaporation and its factors

Q38. Which of the following is NOT a main factor affecting the rate of evaporation?

  1. (a) Surface area
  2. (b) Buoyancy
  3. (c) Wind speed
  4. (d) Humidity
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Buoyancy

Buoyancy is an upward force exerted by a fluid on an object submerged in it — it has no relation to the rate of evaporation. The main factors affecting evaporation are: surface area (larger surface = faster evaporation), wind speed (higher wind = faster evaporation), temperature, and humidity (lower humidity = faster evaporation).
Matter and its States · Evaporation and its factors

Q39. Which of the following is NOT a main factor affecting the rate of evaporation?

  1. (a) Surface area
  2. (b) Buoyancy
  3. (c) Wind speed
  4. (d) Humidity
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Buoyancy

Correct Answer: Buoyancy
Buoyancy is the upward force exerted by a fluid on an object submerged in it (Archimedes' Principle). It has no direct relationship with the rate of evaporation.
The main factors that DO affect evaporation rate are:
- Surface area: Larger area = more evaporation.
- Wind speed: Higher wind disperses water vapour , increasing evaporation.
- Humidity: Lower humidity = faster evaporation.
- Temperature: Higher temperature = higher evaporation rate.

Medieval History (2)

Later Mughals and Regional Powers · Later Mughals

Q40. Which of the following Mughal Emperors was assassinated by his nobles?
I. Farrukh Siyar
II. Alamgir II

  1. (a) Only I
  2. (b) Only II
  3. (c) Both I and II
  4. (d) Neither I nor II
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Both I and II

Both Farrukh Siyar and Alamgir II were assassinated by their nobles. Farrukh Siyar (r. 1713–1719) was blinded and murdered by the Sayyid Brothers who were powerful nobles and kingmakers. Alamgir II (r. 1754–1759) was stabbed to death on the orders of his wazir Imad-ul-Mulk (Ghazi ud -Din). Therefore, Both I and II is the correct answer.
Later Mughals and Regional Powers · Later Mughals

Q41. Which of the following Mughal Emperor was assassinated by his nobles?
I. Farrukh Siyar
II. Alamgir II

  1. (a) Only I
  2. (b) Only II
  3. (c) Both I and II
  4. (d) Neither I nor II
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Both I and II

Correct Answer: Both I and II
Both Farrukh Siyar and Alamgir II were Mughal Emperors who were assassinated by their own nobles:
- Farrukh Siyar (r. 1713?1719): Deposed and killed by the Sayyid Brothers (Abdullah Khan and Husain Ali Khan), who wielded real power at the Mughal court.
- Alamgir II (r. 1754?1759): Murdered by Imad-ul-Mulk (Ghazi- ud -Din Khan), the Wazir, who was the real power behind the throne.
Why 'Only I' is wrong: Alamgir II was also assassinated.
Why 'Only II' is wrong: Farrukh Siyar was also assassinated.
Why 'Neither' is wrong: Both were indeed assassinated.

Polity (2)

Emergency and Centre-State Relations · Legislative relations and Seventh Schedule lists

Q42. Which of the following subjects falls under the Concurrent List in the Indian Constitution?

  1. (a) Police
  2. (b) Criminal matters
  3. (c) Radio and television
  4. (d) Foreign affairs
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Criminal matters

Criminal law and criminal procedure fall under Entry 1 of the Concurrent List, meaning both Parliament and State Legislatures can legislate on them. Police (Entry 2) is a State List subject. Radio and television fall under the Union List (Entry 31). Foreign affairs (Entry 10) is also a Union List subject.
Emergency and Centre-State Relations · Legislative relations and Seventh Schedule lists

Q43. Which of the following subjects falls under the Concurrent List in the Indian Constitution?

  1. (a) Police
  2. (b) Criminal matters
  3. (c) Radio and television
  4. (d) Foreign affairs
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Criminal matters

Correct Answer: Criminal matters
The Concurrent List (List III) of the Indian Constitution contains subjects on which both the Union and State governments can legislate. Criminal law (including Criminal Procedure Code) is Entry 1 of the Concurrent List.
Why other options are wrong:
- Police: Entry 2 of the State List (List II) ? only states have jurisdiction.
- Radio and television: Entry 31 of the Union List (List I) ? exclusively under Central Government.
- Foreign affairs: Entry 10 of the Union List ? exclusively under Central Government.

Biology (2)

Nutrition and Digestion · Nutrition in animals (amoeba, ruminants)

Q44. What are the temporary finger-like extensions of the cell surface used by Amoeba to take in food called?

  1. (a) Flagella
  2. (b) Cilia
  3. (c) Vacuoles
  4. (d) Pseudopodia
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Pseudopodia

Pseudopodia (meaning 'false feet') are temporary, finger-like cytoplasmic projections extended by Amoeba. They are used for locomotion and engulfing food particles through a process called phagocytosis. Flagella are long whip-like structures used for movement (e.g., in Euglena). Cilia are short hair-like projections (e.g., in Paramecium). Vacuoles are membrane-bound sacs used for storage or digestion — not extensions.
Nutrition and Digestion · Nutrition in animals (amoeba, ruminants)

Q45. What are the temporary finger-like extensions of the cell surface used by Amoeba to take in food called?

  1. (a) Flagella
  2. (b) Cilia
  3. (c) Vacuoles
  4. (d) Pseudopodia
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Pseudopodia

Correct Answer: Pseudopodia
Pseudopodia (singular: pseudopodium) are temporary, finger-like projections of the cell membrane and cytoplasm in Amoeba. They are used for:
- Locomotion (amoeboid movement)
- Capturing and engulfing food (phagocytosis)
Why other options are wrong:
- Flagella: Long, whip-like structures used for swimming movement (e.g., in Euglena, sperm cells).
- Cilia: Short, hair-like structures used for movement and creating water currents (e.g., in Paramecium).
- Vacuoles: Membrane-bound organelles used for storage, digestion, and waste removal; not extensions.

Ancient History (2)

Vedic Period · Purusharthas, samskaras and social concepts

Q46. What does 'Moksha' stand for in the fourfold objective of life according to Vedic philosophy?

  1. (a) Pursuit of desires
  2. (b) Social status
  3. (c) Spiritual freedom
  4. (d) Wealth accumulation
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Spiritual freedom

In Vedic philosophy, life has four objectives called the Purusharthas : Dharma (righteousness/duty), Artha (wealth/prosperity), Kama (desire/pleasure), and Moksha (liberation). Moksha represents spiritual freedom — liberation from the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth (samsara). Pursuit of desires = Kama; wealth accumulation = Artha; social status is not one of the four Purusharthas .
Vedic Period · Purusharthas, samskaras and social concepts

Q47. What does 'moksha' stand for in the fourfold objective of life according to Vedic philosophy?

  1. (a) Pursuit of desires
  2. (b) Social status
  3. (c) Spiritual freedom
  4. (d) Wealth accumulation
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Spiritual freedom

Correct Answer: Spiritual freedom
In Vedic philosophy, life has four objectives called the Purusharthas ( Chaturvidha Purusharthas ):
- Dharma: Righteousness and moral duty.
- Artha: Wealth and material prosperity.
- Kama: Desires and pleasures.
- Moksha: Liberation or spiritual freedom ? the ultimate goal of life, meaning freedom from the cycle of birth and death (samsara).
Why other options are wrong:
- Pursuit of desires: This corresponds to 'Kama', not Moksha.
- Social status: Not one of the four Purusharthas .
- Wealth accumulation: This corresponds to 'Artha', not Moksha.
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