Q1. Which of the following authors won the Sahitya Akademi Award in Hindi and later the Jnanpith Award, and is known for novels like Rag Darbari?
- (a) Nirmal Verma
- (b) Phanishwar Nath Renu
- (c) Shrilal Shukla
- (d) Krishna Sobti
Answer & solution
Answer: (c) Shrilal Shukla
Shrilal Shukla (1925–2011), an IAS officer from Uttar Pradesh, wrote the satirical novel Rag Darbari (1968) on village politics and corruption in the fictional village of Shivpalganj.
Rag Darbari won him the Sahitya Akademi Award in 1970, and he received the Jnanpith Award for 2009 (announced 2011) along with Amar Kant; he was also awarded the Padma Bhushan (2008).
Revision note — Hindi writers who won the Jnanpith
• The Jnanpith Award (instituted 1961, first given 1965 to Malayalam poet G. Sankara Kurup for Odakkuzhal) is given by the Bharatiya Jnanpith trust founded by Sahu Shanti Prasad Jain; it carries Rs 11 lakh and a bronze Vagdevi (Saraswati) statue.
• First Hindi winner: Sumitranandan Pant (1968) for Chidambara; then Ramdhari Singh Dinkar (1972) for Urvashi, S. H. Vatsyayan 'Agyeya' (1978) for Kitni Navon Mein Kitni Baar, Mahadevi Verma (1982) for Yama.
• Later Hindi winners: Naresh Mehta (1992), Nirmal Verma (1999), Kunwar Narayan (2005), Amar Kant and Shrilal Shukla (2009), Kedarnath Singh (2013), Krishna Sobti (2017), Vinod Kumar Shukla (2024).
• Nirmal Verma (option 1) is the Nayi Kahani writer of Ve Din and Kavve aur Kala Pani (Sahitya Akademi 1985, Jnanpith 1999); Krishna Sobti (option 4) wrote Zindaginama (Sahitya Akademi 1980, Jnanpith 2017).
• Phanishwar Nath Renu (option 2) wrote the anchalik (regional) novel Maila Anchal (1954); he received the Padma Shri, not the Jnanpith.
• The Sahitya Akademi Award (since 1955) is given in 24 languages, with a prize of Rs 1 lakh.
Do not mix these up
• Rag Darbari vs Maila Anchal — both are landmark village novels, but Rag Darbari (satire, Shrilal Shukla) is set in Awadh, Maila Anchal (Renu) in Purnea, Bihar.
• Sahitya Akademi Award vs Jnanpith Award — the Akademi award is for one book in one language; the Jnanpith is for an author's lifetime contribution to Indian literature.
Also asked from this topic: the poetic collection that won Sumitranandan Pant the Jnanpith (Chidambara, 1968); the Jnanpith-winning woman Hindi writer (Mahadevi Verma, 1982).