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RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2025-26 13 June 2026 Shift 2 GK Questions – with answers & solutions

All 39 GK / GS questions asked in RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2025-26 on 13 June 2026 Shift 2, with correct answers and short solutions, subject-wise: Current Affairs, Economics, Chemistry, Medieval History, Computer, Geography.

📚 39 questions🗓️ 13 June 2026⏰ Shift 2
हिंदी में पढ़ें📥 Full paper PDF
Subjects: Current Affairs (6) · Economics (3) · Chemistry (2) · Medieval History (1) · Computer (4) · Geography (6) · Static GK (2) · Physics (1) · Biology (1) · Polity (6) · Modern History (5) · Ancient History (2)

Current Affairs (6)

National Affairs and Government Initiatives · National events and launches

Q1. The new classification system for economic activities in India termed National Industrial Classification 2025 (NIC-2025) was prepared by which national body?

  1. (a) NITI Aayog
  2. (b) Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
  3. (c) Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI)
  4. (d) National Statistical Commission (NSC)
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI)

Topic: National Industrial Classification (NIC-2025)
Key Facts:
NIC is a statistical standard for classifying economic activities in India.
NIC-2025 is prepared and maintained by theMinistry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI).
MoSPI is the nodal agency for statistical activities and industrial classification in India.
Answer: Option 3 → Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI)
Sports - Current · Records and achievements

Q2. Cricket player Suzie Bates, who became the first woman to play 350 international matches during the 2025 Women’s ODI World Cup, belongs to which country?

  1. (a) England
  2. (b) New Zealand
  3. (c) South Africa
  4. (d) Australia
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) New Zealand

Topic: Sports - Cricket
Suzie Batesis a renowned New Zealand cricketer.
She became thefirst woman to play 350 international matchesduring the 2025 Women's ODI World Cup.
She representsNew Zealandin international cricket.
Answer: Option 2 → New Zealand
Reports, Indices and Rankings · Global indices and India's rank

Q3. Which country topped the World Happiness Index 2025?

  1. (a) Denmark
  2. (b) Sweden
  3. (c) Finland
  4. (d) Norway
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Finland

World Happiness Report 2025
Finland has topped the World Happiness Index for the8th consecutive year(2018-2025).
Top 5 countries: Finland, Denmark, Iceland, Sweden, Israel.
The report is published by theUN Sustainable Development Solutions Network.
Answer: Option 3 → Finland
National Affairs and Government Initiatives · New government schemes and missions

Q4. Which of the following is NOT one of the merged schemes under Vigyan Dhara?

  1. (a) National Education Policy Implementation
  2. (b) Science and Technology Institutional and Human Capacity Building
  3. (c) Innovation, Technology Development and Deployment
  4. (d) Research and Development
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) National Education Policy Implementation

Topic: Vigyan Dhara Scheme
Vigyan Dharais an umbrella scheme launched by the Department of Science and Technology (DST) in 2024.
Three merged schemes under Vigyan Dhara:
1. Science and Technology Institutional and Human Capacity Building
2. Innovation, Technology Development and Deployment
3. Research and Development
National Education Policy Implementationis NOT part of Vigyan Dhara. It is a separate initiative under the Ministry of Education.
Answer: Option 1 → National Education Policy Implementation
Science, Technology and Space - Current · Technology launches and AI

Q5. On 17 November 2025 which of the following institute has been selected to host the Centre of Excellence in Quantum AI and Computing?

  1. (a) Indian Institute of Technology, Dharwad
  2. (b) Indian Institute of Information Technology, Dharwad
  3. (c) Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru
  4. (d) Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Indian Institute of Technology, Dharwad

Topic: Centre of Excellence in Quantum AI and Computing
Key Facts:
On 17 November 2025, IIT Dharwad was selected to host the Centre of Excellence in Quantum AI and Computing.
This initiative aims to advance research in quantum computing and artificial intelligence.
IIT Dharwad will lead cutting-edge research in quantum technologies.
Answer: Option 1 → Indian Institute of Technology, Dharwad
Environment and Climate - Current · New protected areas and Ramsar sites

Q6. Which high-altitude wildlife area was declared India’s first “cold desert biosphere reserve” under UNESCO in 2025?

  1. (a) Spiti Valley
  2. (b) Kargil Wildlife Sanctuary
  3. (c) Nubra Valley Reserve
  4. (d) Ladakh Wildlife Division
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Spiti Valley

Cold Desert Biosphere Reserve
Spiti Valley in Himachal Pradesh was declared India's first cold desert biosphere reserve under UNESCO in 2025.
Key Facts:
• Located in trans-Himalayan region
• Known for unique cold desert ecosystem
• Home to snow leopard, Tibetan wolf, ibex
Answer: Option 1 → Spiti Valley

Economics (3)

Financial Markets and Institutions · SEBI and stock exchanges

Q7. Which of the following is no more a stock exchange in the country?

  1. (a) Multi Commodity Exchange of India Ltd.
  2. (b) National Commodity & Derivatives Exchange Ltd.
  3. (c) National Stock Exchange of India Ltd.
  4. (d) Delhi Stock Exchange Ltd.
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Delhi Stock Exchange Ltd.

Topic: Stock Exchanges in India
Delhi Stock Exchange (DSE)was one of the oldest stock exchanges in India.
SEBI withdrew recognition of DSE in 2015 due to non-compliance with regulatory norms.
DSE ceased operations and isno longer a functional stock exchange.
Other options (MCX, NCDEX, NSE) are currently operational exchanges.
Answer: Option 4 → Delhi Stock Exchange Ltd.
Poverty, Unemployment and Human Development · Types of unemployment

Q8. Which type of unemployment is caused by a decline in aggregate demand during economic downturns?

  1. (a) Structural
  2. (b) Voluntary
  3. (c) Cyclical
  4. (d) Seasonal
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Cyclical

Types of Unemployment:
Cyclical Unemployment- Caused by fluctuations in economic cycle and decline in aggregate demand during recessions/downturns.
Structural- Mismatch between skills and job requirements.
Seasonal- Due to seasonal nature of work (agriculture, tourism).
Voluntary- When workers choose not to work at prevailing wage.
During economic downturns, demand falls → businesses reduce production → workers laid off → cyclical unemployment rises.
Answer: Option 3 → Cyclical
External Sector and International Economic Organisations · ADB, AIIB, NDB and other banks

Q9. Which country joined as the 9th member of New Development Bank by BRICS in 2025?

  1. (a) Myanmar
  2. (b) Algeria
  3. (c) Brunei
  4. (d) Vietnam
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Algeria

New Development Bank (NDB) - 9th Member
NDB was established by BRICS nations in 2014.
Original members: Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa.
Previous additions: Bangladesh, UAE, Egypt, Uruguay.
Algeria joined as the 9th member in 2025.
Algeria became the first African country after South Africa to join NDB.
Answer: Option 2 → Algeria

Chemistry (2)

Carbon and its Compounds · Soaps and detergents

Q10. When fats react with sodium hydroxide to produce soap and glycerol, the reaction is classified as:

  1. (a) Fermentation reaction
  2. (b) Combustion reaction
  3. (c) Precipitation reaction
  4. (d) Saponification reaction
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Saponification reaction

Topic: Chemical Reactions - Saponification
Fats/Oils + NaOH → Soap + Glycerol
Key Facts:
1. Saponification = Base hydrolysis of esters (fats)
2. Produces soap (sodium salt of fatty acid) + glycerol
3. Commercial soap-making process uses this reaction
Other options:
Fermentation → Glucose to alcohol (yeast)
Combustion → Burning with oxygen
Precipitation → Insoluble solid formation
Answer: Option 4 → Saponification reaction
Chemistry Miscellaneous · Chemists and their discoveries

Q11. Who among the following is credited with the discovery of the law of conservation of mass?

  1. (a) Dmitri Mendeleev
  2. (b) Joseph Priestley
  3. (c) Antoine Lavoisier
  4. (d) John Dalton
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Antoine Lavoisier

Law of Conservation of Mass
Discovered by:Antoine Lavoisier (1789)
States: Mass is neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions.
Lavoisier proved this through careful quantitative experiments.
Answer: Option 3 → Antoine Lavoisier

Medieval History (1)

Bhakti, Sufi and Sikh Movements · Bhakti in Maharashtra and Bengal (Namdev, Tukaram, Chaitanya)

Q12. Jnanadeva’s renowned work Bhavarthadipika (Jnaneshwari) serves as an elaborate commentary on which of the following scriptures?

  1. (a) Vishnu Purana
  2. (b) Bhagavad Gita
  3. (c) Upanishads
  4. (d) Brahma Sutras
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Bhagavad Gita

Topic: Jnanadeva (Jnaneshwar) - Medieval Bhakti Saint
Bhavarthadipika (Jnaneshwari)- Written in 1290 CE
It is a Marathi commentary on theBhagavad Gita
Written by Sant Jnaneshwar at age 16 in Marathi language
One of the earliest and most important works of Marathi literature
Answer: Option 2 → Bhagavad Gita

Computer (4)

Computer Fundamentals and History · Introduction and characteristics of computers

Q13. A computer lab server handles login requests from many students at the same time without confusion. Which characteristic does this scenario mainly highlight?

  1. (a) Lack of memory
  2. (b) Versatility only
  3. (c) Multitasking and reliability
  4. (d) Portability
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Multitasking and reliability

Topic: Computer Characteristics
Scenario Analysis:
Server handles multiple login requests simultaneously
No confusion = processes run without errors
Key Characteristics:
Multitasking:Handling many requests at same time
Reliability:Working without confusion/errors
Other options don't fit:
Memory/Versatility/Portability not relevant here
Answer: Option 3 → Multitasking and reliability
Software, Operating Systems and Programming · Types of software (system, application, utility)

Q14. Which of the following is not an application software?

  1. (a) Operating System
  2. (b) Microsoft Publisher
  3. (c) Adobe Photoshop
  4. (d) Microsoft Excel
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Operating System

Topic: Application Software vs System Software
System Software:Manages hardware and provides platform for applications.
Example: Operating System (Windows, Linux, macOS)
Application Software:Performs specific tasks for users.
Examples: MS Excel, MS Publisher, Adobe Photoshop
Operating System issystem software, not application software.
Answer: Option 1 → Operating System
Software, Operating Systems and Programming · File extensions and formats

Q15. A file with the extension “.docx” is usually created by:

  1. (a) Notepad
  2. (b) MS Paint
  3. (c) Calculator
  4. (d) MS Word
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) MS Word

File Extension: .docx
.docxis the default file format for Microsoft Word documents (Word 2007 onwards).
Notepad creates .txt files
MS Paint creates .png, .jpg, .bmp files
Calculator doesn't create files
MS Wordcreates .doc and .docx files
Answer: Option 4 → MS Word
MS Office and Productivity Tools · Keyboard shortcuts

Q16. In the Windows 11 operating system, when working with multiple open applications, pressing the Alt key combined with the Tab key is the fastest way to __________ between the running programs.

  1. (a) save
  2. (b) switch
  3. (c) open
  4. (d) close
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) switch

Windows 11 Keyboard Shortcut
Alt + Tab is a standard Windows shortcut.
Function: Quicklyswitchbetween open applications.
Shows thumbnail preview of all running programs.
Answer: Option 2 → switch

Geography (6)

India - Location, Physiography and Neighbours · Location, extent and Standard Meridian

Q17. Which of the following Indian states is NOT crossed by the Tropic of Cancer?

  1. (a) Gujarat
  2. (b) Odisha
  3. (c) Madhya Pradesh
  4. (d) West Bengal
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Odisha

Tropic of Cancer in India
The Tropic of Cancer (23°30'N) passes through8 Indian states:
Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh,
Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura, Mizoram
Odishalies south of the Tropic of Cancer
Answer: Option 2 → Odisha
Atmosphere and Climate · Climate change and global warming

Q18. Which of the following is listed as an effect of global warming?

  1. (a) Permanent cooling of ocean surface waters
  2. (b) Decrease in sea levels worldwide
  3. (c) Reduction in atmospheric temperature
  4. (d) Melting of glaciers and flooding of coastal areas
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Melting of glaciers and flooding of coastal areas

Topic: Effects of Global Warming
Key Effects:
1. Rising global temperatures cause glaciers and polar ice caps to melt
2. Melting ice increases ocean water volume
3. Thermal expansion of warmer ocean water
4. Combined effect leads to rising sea levels and coastal flooding
Other Effects:Extreme weather events, ocean acidification, ecosystem disruption
Options 1, 2, 3 are opposite to actual warming effects
Answer: Option 4 → Melting of glaciers and flooding of coastal areas
World Geography · World transport and communication routes

Q19. Most of the route of the Orient Express (Trans-Continental Railway Route) majorly lies in which continent?

  1. (a) Asia
  2. (b) Europe
  3. (c) South America
  4. (d) North America
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Europe

Orient Express - Trans-Continental Railway Route
The Orient Express is a historic luxury train service that connected Western Europe with Eastern Europe and the Balkans.
Original route: Paris (France) → Munich → Vienna → Budapest → Bucharest → Istanbul (Turkey).
Most of the route passes through European countries including France, Germany, Austria, Hungary, Romania, and Bulgaria.
Only a small portion extends into Asia (Istanbul, Turkey).
Answer: Option 2 → Europe
India - Minerals, Energy and Industries · Coal, petroleum and natural gas fields

Q20. According to the Ministry of Coal Annual Report 2024–25, which state held the highest proportion of lignite reserves in India as of April 2024?

  1. (a) Tamil Nadu
  2. (b) Jharkhand
  3. (c) Rajasthan
  4. (d) Gujarat
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Tamil Nadu

Topic: Lignite Reserves in India (Ministry of Coal Annual Report 2024-25)
Key Facts:
1. Lignite (brown coal) is a low-grade coal with lower carbon content.
2. As of April 2024,Tamil Nadu holds the highest proportion of lignite reservesin India.
3. Major lignite deposits in Tamil Nadu are located inNeyveliregion.
4. Tamil Nadu accounts for approximately90% of India's total lignite reserves.
Other states like Rajasthan and Gujarat also have lignite deposits but in much smaller quantities.
Answer: Option 1 → Tamil Nadu
India - Population and Census · Sex ratio and child sex ratio

Q21. According to the Census 2011, which of the following States and Union Territories recorded the lowest sex ratio in India?

  1. (a) Delhi
  2. (b) Daman & Diu
  3. (c) Haryana
  4. (d) Chandigarh
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Daman & Diu

Topic: Census 2011 - Sex Ratio (Females per 1000 Males)
Lowest Sex Ratios in India (Census 2011):
1. Daman & Diu → 618 (Lowest)
2. Dadra & Nagar Haveli → 775
3. Chandigarh → 818
4. Delhi → 866
5. Haryana → 877
Daman & Diu recorded the lowest sex ratio among all States and UTs.
Answer: Option 2 → Daman & Diu
India - Drainage System · River disputes and river facts

Q22. The river Kosi frequently shifts its channel in the plains mainly because:

  1. (a) Large upstream dams constantly modify their natural flow
  2. (b) It traverses a long stretch of tectonic rifted lowland
  3. (c) Its flow is sustained only by seasonal monsoon rain
  4. (d) It carries huge quantities of sediment from the Himalayas
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) It carries huge quantities of sediment from the Himalayas

Topic: River Kosi - Channel Shifting
Kosi is called'Sorrow of Bihar'due to frequent floods and channel shifts.
Key Reason:Kosi originates in the Himalayas and carries massive sediment load.
Heavy sediment deposition raises the riverbed, causing the river to change course frequently.
This process is calledaggradation- typical of Himalayan rivers in plains.
Answer: Option 4 → It carries huge quantities of sediment from the Himalayas

Static GK (2)

Books and Authors · Autobiographies and biographies

Q23. 'Playing It My Way' is the autobiography of which of the following sportspersons?

  1. (a) Subhadra Pradhan
  2. (b) Sachin Tendulkar
  3. (c) Mohammed Shahid
  4. (d) Debashish Mishra
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Sachin Tendulkar

'Playing It My Way' - Autobiography
Author:Sachin Tendulkar
Published in 2014, co-written with Boria Majumdar.
Chronicles the legendary cricketer's journey from childhood to retirement.
Answer: Option 2 → Sachin Tendulkar
Monuments and Heritage · Monuments - builders and locations

Q24. What is the name of the world’s tallest statue dedicated to Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel?

  1. (a) Statue of Liberty
  2. (b) Statue of Unity
  3. (c) Statue of Equity
  4. (d) Statue of Equality
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Statue of Unity

Statue of Unity
Located in Gujarat, India (Kevadia)
Height:182 meters (597 feet)
World's tallest statue
Dedicated toSardar Vallabhbhai Patel
Inaugurated: October 31, 2018
Answer: Option 2 → Statue of Unity

Physics (1)

Heat and Thermodynamics · Conduction, convection and radiation

Q25. Which type of surface absorbs more heat and is therefore preferred during winters?

  1. (a) Shiny surface
  2. (b) Dark-coloured surface
  3. (c) Light-coloured surface
  4. (d) White surface
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Dark-coloured surface

Topic: Heat Absorption and Surface Color
Key Principle:Dark surfaces absorb more heat radiation than light surfaces.
Dark colors absorb most wavelengths of light and convert them to heat.
Light/white surfaces reflect most radiation, absorbing less heat.
During winters, we need maximum heat absorption to stay warm.
Therefore, dark-colored surfaces are preferred.
Answer: Option 2 → Dark-coloured surface

Biology (1)

Cell - Structure and Function · Cell division - mitosis and meiosis

Q26. Which of the following is the specialized kind of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in the production of haploid daughter cells?

  1. (a) Meiosis
  2. (b) Mitosis
  3. (c) Fertilization
  4. (d) Translocation
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Meiosis

Topic:Cell Division - Meiosis
Meiosisis a specialized type of cell division that occurs in reproductive cells (gametes).
Key characteristics:
• Reduces chromosome number by half (diploid → haploid)
• Produces 4 daughter cells from one parent cell
• Occurs in two stages: Meiosis I and Meiosis II
Mitosismaintains chromosome number (produces identical diploid cells).
Fertilizationis fusion of gametes (restores diploid number).
Translocationis chromosomal rearrangement, not division.
Answer: Option 1 → Meiosis

Polity (6)

Fundamental Rights · Right to Freedom (Articles 19-22)

Q27. Article 22 provides safeguards to arrested or detained individuals under which two detention categories?

  1. (a) Temporary and permanent
  2. (b) Judicial and executive
  3. (c) Civil and military
  4. (d) Punitive and preventive
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Punitive and preventive

Article 22: Protection Against Arrest and Detention
Article 22 provides safeguards undertwo categories:
1. Punitive Detention:
Detention after conviction for a crime.
Follows normal criminal procedure.
2. Preventive Detention:
Detention without trial to prevent future offense.
Special provisions under Article 22(4) to 22(7).
Article 22(1)-(2): Rights for punitive detention.
Article 22(3)-(7): Safeguards for preventive detention.
Answer: Option 4 → Punitive and preventive
Union Executive · President - powers (executive, legislative, veto, pardon, ordinance)

Q28. Which of the following executive powers is exercised by the President of India?

  1. (a) Conducting elections to Parliament
  2. (b) Appointing the Prime Minister and, on his advice, other Union Ministers
  3. (c) Deciding the tenure of the Governors
  4. (d) Appointing judges of High Courts and framing the rules of procedure of the Supreme Court
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Appointing the Prime Minister and, on his advice, other Union Ministers

Executive Powers of President (Article 53, 75, 78)
Option 1:Elections conducted by Election Commission (Article 324), not President
Option 2:President appoints PM (leader of majority party) and other Ministers on PM's advice ✓
Option 3:Governor's tenure fixed at 5 years (Article 156), not decided by President
Option 4:President appoints HC judges but SC rules framed by CJI with President's approval
Answer: Option 2 → Appointing the Prime Minister and, on his advice, other Union Ministers
Judiciary · Tribunals, Lok Adalats and legal services

Q29. In the context of Lok Adalats, which statement is correct?

  1. (a) Lawyers are mandatory in every case presented to Lok Adalat
  2. (b) Only Supreme Court judges can preside over Lok Adalat sessions
  3. (c) Formal procedures and strict rules of evidence are followed
  4. (d) Proceedings are informal, flexible, and less technical
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Proceedings are informal, flexible, and less technical

Topic: Lok Adalats (People's Courts)
Key Features of Lok Adalats:
1. Established under Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987
2. Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanism
3.No court feesandlawyers not mandatory
4. Presided by judicial officers, retired judges, or social activists
5.Proceedings are informal, flexible, and less technical
6. Focus onconciliation and compromise, not strict evidence rules
7. Awards have status of civil court decree
Why other options are wrong:
Option 1: Lawyers arenot mandatoryin Lok Adalats
Option 2: Various judicial officers can preside, not only SC judges
Answer: Option 4 → Proceedings are informal, flexible, and less technical
Judiciary · High Courts

Q30. Under Article 226, High Courts can issue writs to which authorities within their territorial jurisdiction?

  1. (a) Only Union Government
  2. (b) Any person or authority or government
  3. (c) Only private companies
  4. (d) Only State Government
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Any person or authority or government

Article 226 - Writ Jurisdiction of High Courts
High Courts have power to issue writs under Article 226 to:
Any person or authority or governmentwithin their territorial jurisdiction
This includes:
• Central Government and its authorities
• State Government and its authorities
• Statutory bodies, tribunals, local authorities
• Private persons/bodies performing public duties
Scope: Broader than Supreme Court's Article 32
Answer: Option 2 → Any person or authority or government
DPSP and Fundamental Duties · Socialistic principles

Q31. Provision for “just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief” under the Directive Principle of State Policy (DPSP) is contained in:

  1. (a) Article 47
  2. (b) Article 41
  3. (c) Article 43
  4. (d) Article 42
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Article 42

Topic: Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP)
Article 42- Organization of work and maternity relief
Provides for just and humane conditions of work
Ensures maternity relief for women workers
Other Articles:
Article 41 - Right to work, education, public assistance
Article 43 - Living wage and conditions of work
Article 47 - Public health and nutrition
Answer: Option 4 → Article 42
DPSP and Fundamental Duties · DPSP - features and classification

Q32. Dr. BR Ambedkar described Directive Principles of State Policy as ______________.

  1. (a) an essential feature
  2. (b) an inalienable feature
  3. (c) a novel feature
  4. (d) a fundamental feature
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) a novel feature

Topic: Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP)
Dr. BR Ambedkar described DPSP as'a novel feature'of the Indian Constitution.
Novel means new and unique - borrowed from the Irish Constitution.
DPSP are non-justiciable guidelines for state policy-making.
Answer: Option 3 → a novel feature

Modern History (5)

Advent of Europeans and British Expansion · Anglo-French rivalry and Carnatic wars

Q33. Which outcome correctly reflects the impact of the Battle of Wandiwash on European rivalry in India?

  1. (a) The French authority expanded through the successful seizure of British territories.
  2. (b) British dominance increased as French military influence collapsed permanently.
  3. (c) British control weakened as their forces retreated from key southern ports.
  4. (d) French supremacy grew due to new alliances with Deccan-based rulers.
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) British dominance increased as French military influence collapsed permanently.

Battle of Wandiwash (1760)
Fought between British (led by Eyre Coote) and French (led by Comte de Lally) during the Third Carnatic War.
Key Facts:
• Decisive British victory that ended French ambitions in India.
• French lost their main army and key commander Count de Lally.
• Led to British capture of Pondicherry (1761), the French headquarters.
Impact:French military power in India collapsed permanently. British became the dominant European power.
Answer: Option 2 → British dominance increased as French military influence collapsed permanently.
Advent of Europeans and British Expansion · Portuguese

Q34. Vasco Da Gama reached Kappad near Calicut on which date to establish trade relations with Indian rulers?

  1. (a) 14 April 1492
  2. (b) 10 June 1495
  3. (c) 20 November 1500
  4. (d) 20 May 1498
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) 20 May 1498

Topic: Vasco Da Gama's Arrival in India
Historical Fact:
Portuguese explorer Vasco Da Gama landed at Kappad beach near Calicut (Kozhikode), Kerala on20 May 1498.
This marked the discovery of the sea route from Europe to India via the Cape of Good Hope.
He came to establish trade relations with Indian rulers, particularly the Zamorin of Calicut.
Answer: Option 4 → 20 May 1498
Personalities, Newspapers, Books and Slogans · Books and authors of the modern period

Q35. In pre-independence India, who among the following first discussed the concept of the poverty line in his book Poverty and Un-British Rule in India?

  1. (a) Mahatma Gandhi
  2. (b) Ravindra Nath Tagore
  3. (c) Jawaharlal Nehru
  4. (d) Dadabhai Naoroji
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Dadabhai Naoroji

Topic: Poverty Line Concept in India
Dadabhai Naoroji- Known as 'Grand Old Man of India'
Published'Poverty and Un-British Rule in India' (1901)
First to scientifically calculate poverty line in India
IntroducedDrain of Wealth Theory
Estimated minimum income needed for basic subsistence
Answer: Option 4 → Dadabhai Naoroji
Peasant, Tribal and Civil Uprisings · Moplah and Eka movements

Q36. Which socio-economic condition contributed to the prolonged Mappila uprisings?

  1. (a) Disruption of caravan trade routes linking Mysore and Malabar.
  2. (b) Taxation of pepper exports restricting maritime activities.
  3. (c) Enforcement of new fishing bans affecting coastal settlements.
  4. (d) Harsh land laws and landlord oppression in the Malabar region.
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Harsh land laws and landlord oppression in the Malabar region.

Mappila Uprisings (1836-1921)
The Mappilas were Muslim peasant tenants in Malabar (Kerala).
Key Socio-Economic Causes:
Oppressive land tenure system under British rule.
High rents and arbitrary evictions by Hindu landlords (Jenmis).
Mappilas had no security of tenure despite cultivating land.
The agrarian distress and religious identity combined to fuel repeated uprisings.
Most notable:Malabar Rebellion (1921)against landlord exploitation.
Answer: Option 4 → Harsh land laws and landlord oppression in the Malabar region.
British Administration and Policies · Print culture and the vernacular press

Q37. The rise of vernacular languages in modern Indian literature was mainly due to __________.

  1. (a) British colonial education and printing technology
  2. (b) Decline of regional kingdoms due to Western colonization
  3. (c) Printing of Mughal court documents in regional languages
  4. (d) Increase in oral storytelling traditions in various Indian languages
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) British colonial education and printing technology

Topic:Rise of Vernacular Languages in Modern Indian Literature
Key Factor: British Colonial Period
Introduction of printing press technology in India
Establishment of colonial education system promoting literacy
Mass production of books, newspapers in regional languages
Impact:
Standardization of vernacular languages through print
Growth of regional literature and journalism
Emergence of modern prose forms in Indian languages
Answer: Option 1 → British colonial education and printing technology

Ancient History (2)

Gupta Empire · Gupta rulers

Q38. Which statement correctly describes the nature of Kumaragupta I’s rule?

  1. (a) His reign focused mainly on consolidation and prosperity of the Gupta realm.
  2. (b) His reign faced the initial emergence of the Pushyabhutis, threats without major disruption.
  3. (c) His rule witnessed continuous territorial expansion across central India.
  4. (d) His reign was marked by repeated internal rebellions, weakening Gupta authority.
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) His reign focused mainly on consolidation and prosperity of the Gupta realm.

Topic: Kumaragupta I (Gupta Dynasty)
Reign Period:c. 415-455 CE
Key Features:
• Longest peaceful reign in Gupta history (40 years)
• Focused onconsolidation and prosperity
• Maintained territorial integrity without major expansion
• Patronized art, culture, and education
• FoundedNalanda University
• Performed Ashvamedha sacrifice
Note:Huna invasions began late in his reign, handled by son Skandagupta.
Answer: Option 1 → His reign focused mainly on consolidation and prosperity of the Gupta realm.
Post-Gupta Period · Nalanda and ancient universities

Q39. Dharmapala, the Pala ruler, is credited with founding which of the following famous universities near Bhagalpur in Bihar?

  1. (a) Vallabhi University
  2. (b) Odantapuri University
  3. (c) Nalanda University
  4. (d) Vikramashila University
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Vikramashila University

Topic: Pala Dynasty - Educational Institutions
Dharmapala (770-810 CE)was the second ruler of Pala Dynasty.
He foundedVikramashila Universitynear Bhagalpur, Bihar.
It became one of the most important centers of Buddhist learning.
Note:Nalanda was founded much earlier by Gupta rulers.
Answer: Option 4 → Vikramashila University
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