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RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2025-26 9 May 2026 Shift 3 GK Questions – with answers & solutions

All 39 GK / GS questions asked in RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2025-26 on 9 May 2026 Shift 3, with correct answers and short solutions, subject-wise: Current Affairs, Geography, Polity, Computer, Modern History, Ancient History.

📚 39 questions🗓️ 9 May 2026⏰ Shift 3
हिंदी में पढ़ें📥 Full paper PDF
Subjects: Current Affairs (8) · Geography (6) · Polity (6) · Computer (4) · Modern History (2) · Ancient History (3) · Medieval History (3) · Biology (2) · Economics (3) · Physics (2)

Current Affairs (8)

Books, Obituaries and Days - Current · Books released

Q1. Who is the author of the book "The Great Conciliator: Lal Bahadur Shastri and the Transformation of India," which was launched in April 2025?

  1. (a) Arun Singhal and Devendra Kumar Sharma
  2. (b) P.S. Raman
  3. (c) Rosie Thomas
  4. (d) Sanjeev Chopra
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Sanjeev Chopra

Book: The Great Conciliator: Lal Bahadur Shastri and the Transformation of India
Launch: April 2025
Author:Sanjeev Chopra
The book explores Lal Bahadur Shastri's role in shaping modern India and his leadership during critical times.
Answer: Option 4 → Sanjeev Chopra
Economy, Banking and Business · Budget and economic data - current

Q2. What target does India claim to have met by July 2025, as stated in the COP30 statement?

  1. (a) 25% of electricity from non-fossil sources
  2. (b) Zero coal-based power plants
  3. (c) 50% of installed power generation capacity from non-fossil sources
  4. (d) 100% renewable energy by 2030
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) 50% of installed power generation capacity from non-fossil sources

Topic: India's Climate Commitments - COP30
India's NDC Target Achievement:
India announced at COP30 that it has achieved
50% of installed power generation capacity from
non-fossil fuel sources by July 2025.
This was 5 years ahead of the 2030 target
committed under Paris Agreement NDCs.
Answer: Option 3 → 50% of installed power generation capacity from non-fossil sources
Economy, Banking and Business · Mergers, acquisitions and partnerships

Q3. In December 2025, Orient Technologies announced a strategic partnership with which company to deliver advanced AI-powered SIEM capabilities across India?

  1. (a) Digi Yatra
  2. (b) Securonix
  3. (c) Sophos Limited
  4. (d) ServiceNow
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Securonix

Topic: Current Affairs - December 2025
Orient Technologies Partnership
Orient Technologies announced strategic partnership withSecuronixin December 2025.
Purpose: Deliver advancedAI-powered SIEM(Security Information and Event Management) capabilities across India.
SIEM provides real-time analysis of security alerts and threat detection.
Answer: Option 2 → Securonix
Economy, Banking and Business · Mergers, acquisitions and partnerships

Q4. In March 2025, Lenovo announced a partnership with which Indian AI firm to build India’s largest AI supercomputer?

  1. (a) QpiAI
  2. (b) Krutrim
  3. (c) AI4Bharat
  4. (d) L&T Semiconductor
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Krutrim

Topic: Current Affairs - Technology Partnership 2025
In March 2025, Lenovo announced a strategic partnership withKrutrim, an Indian AI startup founded by Ola's Bhavish Aggarwal.
The partnership aims to buildIndia's largest AI supercomputerto support domestic AI development and reduce dependency on foreign AI infrastructure.
Krutrim is India's first AI unicorn focused on building indigenous large language models.
Answer: Option 2 → Krutrim
Sports - Current · Cricket - current

Q5. Which Indian player set a new world record for most sixes in ODI cricket with 352 in November 2025?

  1. (a) Rohit Sharma
  2. (b) Virat Kohli
  3. (c) Shubham Gill
  4. (d) Suryakumar Yadav
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Rohit Sharma

Topic: Cricket Records - ODI Sixes
Rohit Sharmaset a new world record in November 2025.
He became the first player to hit352 sixesin ODI cricket.
This milestone surpassed previous records in One Day International format.
Answer: Option 1 → Rohit Sharma
International Affairs and Summits · Bilateral agreements and visits

Q6. Which one of the following countries and India renewed their existing Kartarpur Corridor Agreement in October 2024?

  1. (a) Pakistan
  2. (b) Bangladesh
  3. (c) China
  4. (d) Nepal
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Pakistan

Kartarpur Corridor Agreement - October 2024
The Kartarpur Corridor connects Dera Baba Nanak (India) to Gurdwara Darbar Sahib Kartarpur (Pakistan).
India and Pakistan renewed the agreement in October 2024 for another 5 years.
The corridor allows Indian Sikh pilgrims visa-free access to the holy site in Pakistan.
Originally opened in November 2019.
Answer: Option 1 → Pakistan
Books, Obituaries and Days - Current · Days and themes - current year

Q7. What was the theme for World Leprosy Day 2025?

  1. (a) “United for Dignity”
  2. (b) “Act Now. End Leprosy.”
  3. (c) “Unite. Act. Eliminate.”
  4. (d) “Beat Leprosy”.
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) “Unite. Act. Eliminate.”

World Leprosy Day 2025
Date: Last Sunday of January (26 January 2025)
Theme:"Unite. Act. Eliminate."
Focus: Global collaboration to eliminate leprosy stigma and achieve zero transmission.
Answer: Option 3 → "Unite. Act. Eliminate."
Environment and Climate - Current · Climate summits (COP)

Q8. What is the theme of the 24ᵗʰ World Sustainable Development Summit (WSDS 2025) organized by The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI)?

  1. (a) "Green Technology for Future Economies"
  2. (b) "Biodiversity Conservation and Climate Resilience"
  3. (c) "Partnerships for Accelerating Sustainable Development and Climate Solutions"
  4. (d) "Innovations for Carbon Neutrality"
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) "Partnerships for Accelerating Sustainable Development and Climate Solutions"

24th World Sustainable Development Summit (WSDS 2025)
Organized by:The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI)
Theme: Focus on collaborative efforts and partnerships to achieve sustainable development goals and address climate challenges globally.
The summit emphasizes multi-stakeholder cooperation for climate action and SDG implementation.
Answer: Option 3 → Partnerships for Accelerating Sustainable Development and Climate Solutions

Geography (6)

World Geography · Continents - facts

Q9. Which continent is known for being extremely cold and mostly covered in ice?

  1. (a) North America
  2. (b) Africa
  3. (c) Antarctica
  4. (d) South America
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Antarctica

Continent: Coldest & Ice-Covered
Antarctica is Earth's southernmost continent.
98% covered by ice sheet (average thickness 1.9 km).
Coldest temperature recorded: -89.2°C.
Answer: Option 3 → Antarctica
World Geography · Grasslands and natural regions

Q10. In which of the following types of forest trees like spruce, fir and pine along with animals like lynx and moose are most likely to be found?

  1. (a) Alpine tundra
  2. (b) Coniferous forests
  3. (c) Tropical rainforests
  4. (d) Temperate deciduous forests
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Coniferous forests

Forest Type Identification
Key Indicators:
Trees: Spruce, Fir, Pine → Needle-leaved conifers
Animals: Lynx, Moose → Cold climate adapted
Coniferous Forests (Taiga/Boreal):
Dominated by evergreen conifers (spruce, fir, pine)
Found in cold temperate regions (Canada, Russia, Scandinavia)
Fauna includes lynx, moose, wolves, bears
Answer: Option 2 → Coniferous forests
India - Population and Census · Literacy rate

Q11. What was India’s literacy rate according to the Census 2011 data?

  1. (a) 74.04%
  2. (b) 64.83%
  3. (c) 79.40%
  4. (d) 70.00%
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) 74.04%

Census 2011 - India's Literacy Rate
According to Census 2011 data:
Overall literacy rate:74.04%
Male literacy: 82.14%
Female literacy: 65.46%
This showed significant improvement from Census 2001 (64.83%).
Answer: Option 1 → 74.04%
World Geography · Grasslands and natural regions

Q12. Which of the following natural regions is dominated by xerophytic or drought-resisting scrub with long roots, few or no leaves, and waxy or needle-shaped foliage?

  1. (a) Mediterranean woodland
  2. (b) Steppe grasslands
  3. (c) British type cool temperate region
  4. (d) Hot desert (Sahara type) region
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Hot desert (Sahara type) region

Topic: Natural Vegetation Regions
Xerophytic vegetation characteristics:
• Long roots to reach deep water sources
• Few/no leaves to reduce water loss
• Waxy coating or needle-shaped foliage for moisture retention
Analysis of regions:
Mediterranean → Evergreen shrubs, not extreme xerophytes
Steppe grasslands → Short grasses, not scrub vegetation
British type → Deciduous forests, high rainfall
Hot desert → Extreme drought, xerophytic scrub (cacti, thorny bushes)
Hot desertslike Sahara have extreme aridity requiring maximum drought resistance adaptations.
Answer: Option 4 → Hot desert (Sahara type) region
India - Population and Census · Sex ratio and child sex ratio

Q13. Which Indian state recorded the lowest child sex ratio (0–6 years) in the 2011 census?

  1. (a) Chandigarh
  2. (b) Punjab
  3. (c) Haryana
  4. (d) Jammu & Kashmir
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Haryana

Child Sex Ratio (0-6 years) - Census 2011
Child Sex Ratio = Number of girls per 1000 boys (0-6 age group)
Lowest Child Sex Ratios in 2011:
1. Haryana →830(Lowest in India)
2. Punjab → 846
3. Jammu & Kashmir → 859
Haryana consistently shows poor child sex ratio due to gender discrimination and female foeticide issues.
Answer: Option 3 → Haryana
India - Climate, Soils and Natural Vegetation · Soil erosion and conservation

Q14. In semi-arid north-western India, intensified canal irrigation leads to rising soil salinity and falling crop yields. What best explains this, and what correction is required?

  1. (a) Prolonged irrigation causes waterlogging; priority is shifting to drought-resistant crop varieties.
  2. (b) Raised water table causes salt rise; priority is drainage improvement and salt leaching.
  3. (c) Excess irrigation washes nutrients downward; priority is increasing chemical fertiliser use.
  4. (d) Cold canal water stresses crops physiologically; priority is regulating irrigation water temperature.
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Raised water table causes salt rise; priority is drainage improvement and salt leaching.

Topic: Soil Salinity in Semi-Arid Regions
In semi-arid areas, intensive canal irrigation without proper drainage raises the water table.
High water table brings dissolved salts from deeper soil layers to the surface through capillary action.
As water evaporates in hot climate, salts accumulate in root zone, reducing crop yields.
Solution Required:
• Improved drainage systems to lower water table
• Salt leaching through controlled flooding
• Prevents salinization and restores soil productivity
Answer: Option 2 → Raised water table causes salt rise; priority is drainage improvement and salt leaching.

Polity (6)

Fundamental Rights · Right to Equality (Articles 14-18)

Q15. “Equality before law” and “equal protection of the laws” under fundamental rights are provided in which of the following provisions of the Constitution of India?

  1. (a) Article 16
  2. (b) Article 13
  3. (c) Article 14
  4. (d) Article 15
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Article 14

Topic: Fundamental Rights - Right to Equality
Article 14of the Constitution guarantees:
•Equality before law(British concept - negative aspect)
•Equal protection of laws(American concept - positive aspect)
Other Articles under Right to Equality:
Article 15 → Prohibition of discrimination
Article 16 → Equality of opportunity in public employment
Article 13 → Laws inconsistent with fundamental rights
Answer: Option 3 → Article 14
Judiciary · Public Interest Litigation

Q16. Public Interest Litigation is an example of which doctrine?

  1. (a) Judicial Review
  2. (b) Executive Action
  3. (c) Judicial Neutrality
  4. (d) Judicial Activism
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Judicial Activism

Public Interest Litigation (PIL)
PIL allows any citizen to approach court for public cause.
It is a tool ofJudicial Activismwhere courts take
proactive role in protecting rights of marginalized groups.
Introduced in India in 1980s by Justice P.N. Bhagwati.
Courts intervene beyond traditional disputes to ensure
social justice and constitutional rights.
Answer: Option 4 → Judicial Activism
Parliament · Composition of Parliament

Q17. What is the highest forum for discussion and debate on public issues and national policy in India?

  1. (a) Election Commission
  2. (b) President’s Office
  3. (c) Supreme Court
  4. (d) Parliament
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Parliament

Topic: Indian Parliament
Parliamentis the supreme legislative body of India.
It is the highest forum for discussion and debate on public issues and national policy.
Parliament consists of the President, Lok Sabha (House of the People), and Rajya Sabha (Council of States).
It debates laws, policies, budgets, and national matters.
Answer: Option 4 → Parliament
Constitutional and Non-Constitutional Bodies · Finance Commission

Q18. Which Constitutional Article provides for establishment of Finance Commission of India every five years Constitutionally?

  1. (a) Article 280
  2. (b) Article 299
  3. (c) Article 291
  4. (d) Article 270
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Article 280

Topic:Finance Commission of India
Article 280of the Indian Constitution provides for the establishment of a Finance Commission.
The President constitutes the Finance Commissionevery five yearsor earlier if needed.
It recommends distribution of tax revenues between Centre and States.
Answer: Option 1 → Article 280
DPSP and Fundamental Duties · Important DPSP articles (39A, 40, 44, 45, 48A, 50, 51)

Q19. The provision for organising village panchayats is mentioned under which Article of the Indian Constitution?

  1. (a) Article 50
  2. (b) Article 40
  3. (c) Article 13
  4. (d) Article 37
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Article 40

Topic: Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP)
Article 40of the Indian Constitution deals with the organization of village panchayats.
It directs the State to organize village panchayats and endow them with necessary powers and authority to function as units of self-government.
This provision falls under Part IV (DPSP) of the Constitution.
Answer: Option 2 → Article 40
Emergency and Centre-State Relations · Commissions on Centre-State relations (Sarkaria, Punchhi)

Q20. The Punchhi Commission (2007) was primarily constituted to examine and make recommendations regarding which provision of the Indian Constitution?

  1. (a) Centre–State Relations
  2. (b) Directive Principles of State Policy
  3. (c) Electoral Reforms in India
  4. (d) Fundamental Rights
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Centre–State Relations

Punchhi Commission (2007)
Officially:Commission on Centre-State Relations
Headed by: Justice Madan Mohan Punchhi (Former CJI)
Mandate: Review and recommend changes in Centre-State relations under the constitutional framework
Key Areas: Article 356 (President's Rule), Inter-State Council, Governor's role, distribution of powers
Submitted: March 2010 with 273 recommendations
Answer: Option 1 → Centre–State Relations

Computer (4)

Software, Operating Systems and Programming · Operating system - functions and types

Q21. In the architecture of the Windows Operating System, which crucial component acts as the bridge between the application programs and the core hardware, operating in a protected mode to manage process scheduling, memory allocation, and interrupt handling?

  1. (a) Win32 Subsystem, which translates instructions for 32-bit applications and manages display output.
  2. (b) Kernel, which contains the executive services, process manager, and security reference monitor.
  3. (c) Windows Shell (Explorer), which manages the desktop, taskbar, and file system user interface.
  4. (d) Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL), which isolates the kernel from platform-specific hardware differences.
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Kernel, which contains the executive services, process manager, and security reference monitor.

Topic:Windows OS Architecture
Kernelis the core component operating in protected mode.
Key Functions:
• Process scheduling and thread management
• Memory allocation and virtual memory
• Interrupt and exception handling
• Contains executive services and security monitor
Other components:
Win32 Subsystem → Application interface layer
HAL → Hardware abstraction, not core management
Explorer → User interface shell only
Answer: Option 2 → Kernel, which contains the executive services, process manager, and security reference monitor.
Software, Operating Systems and Programming · Types of software (system, application, utility)

Q22. Which of the following is the main function of system software?

  1. (a) To browse the internet.
  2. (b) To create documents.
  3. (c) To edit images.
  4. (d) To manage computer hardware and run applications.
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) To manage computer hardware and run applications.

System Software
System software acts as an interface between hardware and application software.
Main Functions:
• Manages computer hardware resources (CPU, memory, storage)
• Provides platform for running application software
• Controls and coordinates computer operations
Examples: Operating Systems (Windows, Linux), Device Drivers, Utilities
Options 1, 2, 3 are functions ofapplication software, not system software.
Answer: Option 4 → To manage computer hardware and run applications.
Computer Fundamentals and History · Applications of computers

Q23. Which computer application category is most crucial for designing complex physical objects like cars, buildings, and machinery before they are built?

  1. (a) Presentation Software
  2. (b) Data Management Systems
  3. (c) Simulation Software
  4. (d) Computer-Aided Design (CAD)
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Computer-Aided Design (CAD)

Topic: Computer Applications
Computer-Aided Design (CAD)is specialized software used for creating precise 2D/3D models of physical objects.
Key applications: Architecture (buildings), Automotive (cars), Mechanical engineering (machinery), Product design.
CAD allows engineers and designers to visualize, test, and modify designs digitally before physical construction.
Other options: Presentation software (slides), Data management (databases), Simulation (testing scenarios) - not for design creation.
Answer: Option 4 → Computer-Aided Design (CAD)
MS Office and Productivity Tools · Keyboard shortcuts

Q24. Which combination of keys closes the active applications of the computer?

  1. (a) Alt Key + F4 Function Key
  2. (b) Alt Key + F8 Function Key
  3. (c) Alt Key + F1 Function Key
  4. (d) Alt Key + F6 Function Key
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Alt Key + F4 Function Key

Topic:Keyboard Shortcuts in Windows
Alt + F4is the standard Windows shortcut to close the active application or window.
Other shortcuts:
Alt + F8 → Displays password in login screen
Alt + F1 → Not a standard Windows shortcut
Alt + F6 → Switches between windows in the same application
Answer: Option 1 → Alt Key + F4 Function Key

Modern History (2)

Rise of Nationalism and Indian National Congress · Extremists - leaders and methods

Q25. What was the fundamental change introduced by the Extremist leaders in Indian nationalism?

  1. (a) Articulation of ‘Swaraj’ with radical methods
  2. (b) Support for cooperative political dialogue
  3. (c) Emphasis on gradual constitutional reforms
  4. (d) Promotion of Western education
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Articulation of ‘Swaraj’ with radical methods

Extremist Leaders in Indian Nationalism
The Extremist leaders (Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai, Bipin Chandra Pal) emerged in early 1900s.
Fundamental Change:
They rejected Moderates' petitions and prayers approach.
Introduced concept of'Swaraj' (Self-rule)as birthright.
Adoptedradical methods: Boycott, Swadeshi, National Education.
Moderates wanted gradual reforms through dialogue.
Extremists demanded complete self-governance through mass mobilization.
Answer: Option 1 → Articulation of 'Swaraj' with radical methods
Swadeshi, Revolutionaries and Home Rule · Partition of Bengal and Swadeshi Movement

Q26. In 1905, the Swadeshi and Boycott movement was formally proclaimed in Bengal during a meeting held at:

  1. (a) Nagpur Congress
  2. (b) Benaras Congress
  3. (c) Calcutta Town Hall
  4. (d) Dacca Town Square
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Calcutta Town Hall

Swadeshi and Boycott Movement (1905)
Context: Launched againstPartition of Bengalby Lord Curzon.
Formal Proclamation:7 August 1905at a historic meeting held atCalcutta Town Hall.
Key Leaders: Surendranath Banerjee, Bipin Chandra Pal, and other prominent nationalists attended.
Significance: Marked the beginning of organized resistance through indigenous goods promotion and British goods boycott.
Answer: Option 3 → Calcutta Town Hall

Ancient History (3)

Buddhism, Jainism and Other Sects · Buddhist teachings and texts

Q27. The Vinaya Pitaka, one of the principal Buddhist texts, mainly focuses on which of the following?

  1. (a) Cosmology and astrological systems
  2. (b) Stories of the Buddha’s previous lives
  3. (c) Meditative techniques and philosophy
  4. (d) Rules for monks and nuns
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Rules for monks and nuns

Topic: Buddhist Literature - Tripitaka
The Tripitaka (Three Baskets) consists of:
1.Vinaya Pitaka- Monastic rules and discipline
2. Sutta Pitaka - Buddha's teachings and discourses
3. Abhidhamma Pitaka - Philosophy and doctrine
Vinaya Pitakacontains detailed rules of conduct,
disciplinary code, and regulations for Buddhist monks
and nuns (Sangha).
Answer: Option 4 → Rules for monks and nuns
Vedic Period · Rig Vedic society, polity and economy

Q28. The Rigveda mentions the terms arya varna and dasa varna. In the Early Vedic context, these terms indicate:

  1. (a) Occupational guilds based on trade specialization
  2. (b) Political offices within tribal administration
  3. (c) Distinction between Vedic people and non-Vedic groups
  4. (d) Fourfold caste hierarchy based strictly on birth
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Distinction between Vedic people and non-Vedic groups

Early Vedic Period - Arya and Dasa Varna
In Rigveda,arya varnaanddasa varnareferred to:
Arya:Vedic people who followed Vedic rituals and culture
Dasa:Non-Vedic indigenous groups, often enemies of Aryans
Key Point: This wasethnic-cultural distinction, not occupational or birth-based caste
The rigid fourfold varna system (Brahmana, Kshatriya, Vaishya, Shudra) developed inLater Vedic Period
Answer: Option 3 → Distinction between Vedic people and non-Vedic groups
Buddhism, Jainism and Other Sects · Buddhist teachings and texts

Q29. In which of the following Buddhist literatures are the rules of conduct for the monastic life mentioned?

  1. (a) Vinaya Pitaka
  2. (b) Abhidhamma Pitaka
  3. (c) Sutta Pitaka
  4. (d) Anguttara Nikaya
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Vinaya Pitaka

Topic: Buddhist Literature - Tripitaka
Tripitaka (Three Baskets):
1.Vinaya Pitaka- Rules of monastic discipline
2.Sutta Pitaka- Buddha's teachings and sermons
3.Abhidhamma Pitaka- Philosophical doctrines
Vinaya Pitakacontains detailed rules for monks and nuns.
Anguttara Nikaya is part of Sutta Pitaka.
Answer: Option 1 → Vinaya Pitaka

Medieval History (3)

Mughal Empire · Mughal administration (mansabdari, zabt)

Q30. Which Mughal emperor strengthened imperial authority by introducing the Mansabdari system and a centralized bureaucracy?

  1. (a) Akbar
  2. (b) Muhammad Shah
  3. (c) Humayun
  4. (d) Shah Jahan
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Akbar

Mansabdari System & Centralized Bureaucracy
TheMansabdari systemwas introduced byAkbar(1556-1605).
Key Features:
• Military-administrative ranking system (Zat & Sawar ranks)
• Nobles appointed based on merit, not heredity
• Centralized control over military and civil administration
This system strengthened imperial authority and created
an efficient bureaucratic structure in the Mughal Empire.
Answer: Option 1 → Akbar
Bhakti, Sufi and Sikh Movements · Other religious movements (Virashaiva, etc.)

Q31. Basavanna, the 12th-century saint and pioneer of the Vachana movement, made significant contributions to the devotional literature of which language?

  1. (a) Kannada
  2. (b) Oriya
  3. (c) Hindi
  4. (d) Marathi
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Kannada

Basavanna (12th Century)
Pioneer ofVachana Movementin Karnataka.
Vachanas are devotional prose-poetry written inKannada.
FoundedLingayat sectand promoted social reforms.
Answer: Option 1 → Kannada
Bhakti, Sufi and Sikh Movements · Bhakti saints of South India (Alvars, Nayanars)

Q32. What was a significant reason behind the popularity of Tamil Bhakti hymns during the Chola rule?

  1. (a) Their rejection of temple rituals
  2. (b) Their support from Vellala peasants and rulers
  3. (c) Their opposition to Vedic practices
  4. (d) Their focus on the worship of local tribal deities
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Their support from Vellala peasants and rulers

Topic: Tamil Bhakti Movement during Chola Period
Key Facts:
1. Tamil Bhakti hymns (Nayanars & Alvars) gained royal patronage under Cholas (9th-13th century).
2.Vellala peasants(dominant agricultural community) and Chola rulers actively supported Bhakti saints.
3. Chola kings built grand temples and promoted devotional literature, making Bhakti mainstream.
4. This support helped spread Tamil Bhakti hymns across South India.
Options 1, 3, 4 are incorrect — Bhakti movement embraced temple worship and Vedic traditions.
Answer: Option 2 → Their support from Vellala peasants and rulers

Biology (2)

Cell - Structure and Function · Cell membrane and cell wall

Q33. Why are lipids important in the cell membrane structure of living organisms?

  1. (a) They store genetic information.
  2. (b) They provide instructions for protein synthesis.
  3. (c) They catalyze biochemical reactions.
  4. (d) They form a barrier that controls what enters and leaves the cell.
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) They form a barrier that controls what enters and leaves the cell.

Cell Membrane Structure
Lipids (phospholipids) form thebilayer structureof cell membrane.
This bilayer creates aselectively permeable barrier.
Controls entry/exit of substances (water, ions, nutrients).
Maintains cell integrity and homeostasis.
Answer: Option 4 → They form a barrier that controls what enters and leaves the cell.
Diversity and Classification of Living Organisms · Plant kingdom groups (Thallophyta to Angiosperms)

Q34. In dicotyledonous plants, which type of root system consists of a main primary root that gives rise to lateral branches?

  1. (a) Prop root system
  2. (b) Fibrous root system
  3. (c) Tap root system
  4. (d) Adventitious root system
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Tap root system

Topic: Root Systems in Plants
Dicotyledonous plantshave atap root system.
Characteristics:
• Primary root develops from radicle
• Main central root grows vertically downward
• Lateral roots (secondary/tertiary) branch from primary root
Other root types:
• Fibrous root: Found in monocots (no main root)
• Prop root: Aerial supporting roots (e.g., banyan)
• Adventitious root: Arise from stem/leaves
Answer: Option 3 → Tap root system

Economics (3)

Money and Banking · Monetary policy tools (repo, reverse repo, CRR, SLR, MSF, bank rate)

Q35. In India, which of the following institutions conducts Open Market Operations (OMOs) to manage money supply effectively?

  1. (a) Every state-owned govt. bank
  2. (b) National Bank For Agriculture And Rural Development (NABARD)
  3. (c) Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)
  4. (d) Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Reserve Bank of India (RBI)

Open Market Operations (OMOs)
OMOs are monetary policy tools involving buying/selling of government securities in the open market.
Purpose:Control money supply and liquidity in the economy.
Conducting Authority:Reserve Bank of India (RBI) as the central bank has the exclusive authority to conduct OMOs.
Other institutions: NABARD (rural development), SEBI (securities regulation), commercial banks (banking operations).
Answer: Option 4 → Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
Public Finance - Budget and Taxation · FRBM Act and fiscal policy

Q36. In which year did the Indian Parliament enact the Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM) Act to promote fiscal prudence?

  1. (a) 1998
  2. (b) 1991
  3. (c) 2005
  4. (d) 2003
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) 2003

Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM) Act
Enacted by Indian Parliament in2003.
Objective: Promote fiscal discipline and reduce fiscal deficit.
Key provisions: Targets for fiscal deficit, revenue deficit, and debt levels.
Answer: Option 4 → 2003
Public Finance - Budget and Taxation · Direct taxes

Q37. Which of the following committees has focused on tax reforms in India?

  1. (a) Vijay L Kelkar Committee
  2. (b) Rangarajan Committee
  3. (c) Malhotra Committee
  4. (d) Narasimham Committee
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Vijay L Kelkar Committee

Topic: Tax Reform Committees in India
Vijay L Kelkar Committee (2002)- Focused on direct and indirect tax reforms, roadmap for Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM).
Other Committees:
Rangarajan Committee - Economic reforms and pricing policies
Malhotra Committee - Insurance sector reforms
Narasimham Committee - Banking and financial sector reforms
Answer: Option 1 → Vijay L Kelkar Committee

Physics (2)

Units, Measurement & Dimensions · Dimensions and dimensional analysis

Q38. When considering the dimensions of electric charge, which fundamental units must be combined to express it in terms of SI base quantities?

  1. (a) current and time
  2. (b) current and length
  3. (c) mass and current
  4. (d) length and time
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) current and time

Dimensional Analysis of Electric Charge
Electric charge Q is defined by the relation:
Q = I × t
Where:
I = Electric current (Ampere, A) - SI base unit
t = Time (Second, s) - SI base unit
Dimension:[Q] = [A][T]
Unit: 1 Coulomb = 1 Ampere × 1 Second
Answer: Option 1 → current and time
Work, Energy and Power · Conservation and transformation of energy

Q39. The conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy and then into light and thermal energy occurs in which of the following cases?

  1. (a) When a fan rotates
  2. (b) When a candle burns
  3. (c) When water is boiled
  4. (d) When a flashlight is turned on
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) When a flashlight is turned on

Energy Conversion in Flashlight:
Chemical → Electrical → Light + Heat
Battery stores chemical energy
Chemical reactions produce electrical energy
Bulb/LED converts electrical energy to light and heat
Other options:
Fan: Electrical → Mechanical (rotation)
Candle: Chemical → Light + Heat (direct)
Boiling water: Electrical/Heat → Thermal
Answer: Option 4 → When a flashlight is turned on
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