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RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2025-26 18 June 2026 Shift 1 GK Questions – with answers & solutions

All 39 GK / GS questions asked in RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2025-26 on 18 June 2026 Shift 1, with correct answers and short solutions, subject-wise: Modern History, Geography, Physics, Static GK, Economics, Computer.

📚 39 questions🗓️ 18 June 2026⏰ Shift 1
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Subjects: Modern History (3) · Geography (5) · Physics (1) · Static GK (2) · Economics (3) · Computer (4) · Ancient History (3) · Current Affairs (8) · Chemistry (2) · Biology (1) · Polity (6) · Medieval History (1)

Modern History (3)

Socio-Religious Reform Movements · Arya Samaj and Dayananda Saraswati

Q1. Which of the following was a unique feature of Arya Samaj meetings, as seen during Dayanand Saraswati’s time?

  1. (a) They were held only in temples
  2. (b) Only Brahmins could attend
  3. (c) They involved animal sacrifices
  4. (d) Women participated equally
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Women participated equally

Topic: Arya Samaj - Social Reforms
Founded by:Swami Dayanand Saraswati (1875)
Key Progressive Features:
• Rejected caste discrimination and idol worship
• Promoted women's education and rights
•Women participated equally in meetings- revolutionary for that era
• Opposed child marriage and supported widow remarriage
This equal participation was unique compared to orthodox Hindu practices.
Answer: Option 4 → Women participated equally
Peasant, Tribal and Civil Uprisings · Early civil and tribal revolts

Q2. Which factor led to the Mysore rebellion of 1830–31 against the restored Wodeyar administration?

  1. (a) Increased revenue pressure that ultimately burdened cultivators.
  2. (b) Expansion of irrigation that reduced the cost of agricultural dues.
  3. (c) Reduction in policing that strengthened the power of local chiefs.
  4. (d) Protectionist policies designed to shield peasants from levies.
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Increased revenue pressure that ultimately burdened cultivators.

Mysore Rebellion (1830–31)
Context:After Tipu Sultan's defeat (1799), British restored Wodeyar dynasty but retained control.
Key Cause:Heavy revenue demands imposed by restored administration.
British-backed policies increased tax burden on cultivators beyond their capacity.
This economic exploitation triggered widespread peasant uprising in 1830–31.
Answer: Option 1 → Increased revenue pressure that ultimately burdened cultivators.
Peasant, Tribal and Civil Uprisings · Early civil and tribal revolts

Q3. The Paika Rebellion (1817), considered one of the earliest anti-colonial uprisings, took place in which region?

  1. (a) Odisha
  2. (b) Maharashtra
  3. (c) Assam
  4. (d) Bengal
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Odisha

Paika Rebellion (1817)
Location:Odisha(formerly Orissa)
Key Facts:
• Led byBakshi Jagabandhu, military chief of Khurda
• Paikas were traditional land-owning militia of Odisha
• Rebellion against British land revenue policies and annexation
• Preceded the 1857 Revolt by 40 years
• Recognized as first organized armed rebellion against British
Answer: Option 1 → Odisha

Geography (5)

Atmosphere and Climate · Pressure belts

Q4. Which of the following does NOT influence the horizontal distribution of air pressure?

  1. (a) Presence of water vapour
  2. (b) Air temperature
  3. (c) Ocean salinity
  4. (d) Earth’s rotation
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Ocean salinity

Topic:Factors affecting horizontal air pressure distribution
Factors that influence horizontal air pressure:
1. Air temperature - Warm air rises (low pressure), cold air sinks (high pressure)
2. Water vapour - Moist air is lighter than dry air, affects pressure
3. Earth's rotation - Creates pressure belts and wind patterns (Coriolis effect)
Ocean salinityaffects water density and ocean currents, NOT air pressure.
It is a property of water bodies, not atmospheric conditions.
Answer: Option 3 → Ocean salinity
India - Population and Census · Demographic concepts and transition

Q5. What demographic shift characterizes Brazil’s transition since the 1980s?

  1. (a) Rising urban mortality
  2. (b) Falling birth and death rates
  3. (c) Stable fertility with immigration
  4. (d) High births with low longevity
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Falling birth and death rates

Brazil's Demographic Transition (1980s onwards)
Key Changes:
• Birth rate declined significantly due to urbanization and family planning
• Death rate fell due to improved healthcare and sanitation
• Life expectancy increased substantially
• Shift from high birth-death to low birth-death model
Demographic Transition Theory:
Brazil moved from Stage 2 to Stage 3-4 with both rates declining
Answer: Option 2 → Falling birth and death rates
India - Location, Physiography and Neighbours · Coastal plains

Q6. Which of the following coastal plains contains irregular, indented coastlines with natural harbours?

  1. (a) Konkan Region
  2. (b) Rann of Kutch
  3. (c) East Coastal Plain
  4. (d) Kathiawar Plain
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Konkan Region

Topic:Coastal Plains of India
Konkan Coastextends from Daman to Goa along Maharashtra.
Features irregular and indented coastline with rocky cliffs.
Contains excellent natural harbours like Mumbai, Ratnagiri.
East Coastal Plain has regular, smooth coastline.
Rann of Kutch is a salt marsh, not a coastal plain.
Kathiawar Plain has regular coastline.
Answer: Option 1 → Konkan Region
Atmosphere and Climate · Climate classification and climatic regions

Q7. Which of the following statements is true regarding the Marine West Coast Climate (Cfb) as per Koeppen's scheme of classification of climate?

  1. (a) It receives less than 20 cm of rainfall annually.
  2. (b) It has a pronounced dry season in summer.
  3. (c) It is found in the interiors of continents far from the coast.
  4. (d) It experiences small daily and annual temperature ranges due to oceanic influence.
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) It experiences small daily and annual temperature ranges due to oceanic influence.

Topic: Marine West Coast Climate (Cfb) - Koeppen Classification
Key Characteristics of Cfb Climate:
• Located on western coasts (40°-60° latitude)
• Strong oceanic influence moderates temperatures
• Receives abundant rainfall (75-150 cm annually)
• No dry season - rainfall throughout the year
• Cool summers and mild winters
Analysis of Options:
Option 1: False - receives 75-150 cm rainfall
Option 2: False - no pronounced dry season
Option 3: False - found on coastal areas, not interiors
Option 4: True - oceanic influence creates small temperature ranges
India - Transport and Communication · Inland waterways

Q8. Which organization is responsible for the development and regulation of navigation through rivers and canals in India?

  1. (a) National Highway Authority of India
  2. (b) Shipping Corporation of India
  3. (c) Inland Waterways Authority of India
  4. (d) Central Water Commission
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Inland Waterways Authority of India

Topic: Inland Water Transport in India
Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI)was established in 1986 under the IWAI Act, 1985.
Functions: Development, maintenance, and regulation of national waterways for shipping and navigation through rivers, canals, and other inland water bodies.
Headquarters: Noida, Uttar Pradesh.
Currently manages 111 National Waterways across India.
Answer: Option 3 → Inland Waterways Authority of India

Physics (1)

Electricity · Resistance, resistivity and their factors

Q9. The quantity represented by the unit volt per ampere corresponds to which electrical unit?

  1. (a) Coulomb
  2. (b) Ohm
  3. (c) Joule
  4. (d) Watt
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Ohm

Ohm's Law: V = I × R
Rearranging: R = V/I
Unit of Resistance (R) = Volt/Ampere
Volt/Ampere =Ohm (Ω)
Answer: Option 2 → Ohm

Static GK (2)

Music and Musical Instruments · Musical instruments and exponents

Q10. Who is known for popularising the Santoor, an Indian classical instrument, globally?

  1. (a) Pandit Shivkumar Sharma
  2. (b) Pandit Ravi Shankar
  3. (c) Ustad Amjad Ali Khan
  4. (d) Pandit Hariprasad Chaurasia
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Pandit Shivkumar Sharma

Topic: Indian Classical Music & Instruments
Santooris a stringed percussion instrument from Kashmir.
Pandit Shivkumar Sharma(1938-2022) pioneered Santoor in classical music.
He transformed it from folk to classical instrument globally.
Other artists: Ravi Shankar (Sitar), Amjad Ali Khan (Sarod), Hariprasad Chaurasia (Flute).
Answer: Option 1 → Pandit Shivkumar Sharma
Music and Musical Instruments · Indian classical music - overview and traditions

Q11. Which of the following traditions are the two major streams of Indian classical music?

  1. (a) Tribal Folk and Bhakti
  2. (b) Hindustani and Western Classical
  3. (c) Hindustani and Carnatic
  4. (d) Carnatic and Rajasthani Folk
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Hindustani and Carnatic

Topic:Indian Classical Music Traditions
Two Major Streams:
1.Hindustani- North Indian classical music
2.Carnatic- South Indian classical music
Both evolved from ancient Vedic traditions and share common roots but developed distinct styles over centuries.
Answer: Option 3 → Hindustani and Carnatic

Economics (3)

Poverty, Unemployment and Human Development · Poverty - measurement and committees

Q12. How did the Rangarajan Group recommend updating the poverty line in the future?

  1. (a) By relying on the National Accounts Statistics
  2. (b) By using the Fisher Index with data from NSSO
  3. (c) By removing the concept of poverty line altogether
  4. (d) By using a relative poverty measure compared to an absolute measure
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) By using the Fisher Index with data from NSSO

Topic: Rangarajan Committee on Poverty Estimation (2014)
The Rangarajan Group was constituted to review poverty estimation methodology in India.
Key Recommendation:
The committee recommended using theFisher Price Indexfor updating the poverty line.
Data source:NSSO (National Sample Survey Office)consumption expenditure surveys.
Fisher Index = Geometric mean of Laspeyres and Paasche indices, providing better price adjustment.
This replaced the earlier Tendulkar Committee's approach.
Answer: Option 2 → By using the Fisher Index with data from NSSO
Money and Banking · Currency and coins (printing, security, denominations)

Q13. Which of the following was NOT a key objective of the demonetisation initiative implemented in November 2016?

  1. (a) Reducing counterfeit currency and terror financing
  2. (b) Increasing reliance on cash transactions
  3. (c) Promoting digital payments and a cashless economy
  4. (d) Curbing corruption and black money
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Increasing reliance on cash transactions

Topic:Demonetisation 2016 - Key Objectives
On November 8, 2016, ₹500 and ₹1000 notes were demonetised.
Main Objectives:
1. Eliminate black money and corruption
2. Curb counterfeit currency and terror financing
3. Promote digital payments and cashless economy
4. Formalize the economy and increase tax base
The initiative aimed toreduce cash dependency, not increase it.
Answer: Option 2 → Increasing reliance on cash transactions
Industry and Infrastructure · LPG reforms of 1991

Q14. Which of the following factors does NOT promote globalisation?

  1. (a) Removal of trade barriers
  2. (b) Subsidies and protectionism in domestic markets
  3. (c) Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
  4. (d) Privatization of state-owned enterprises
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Subsidies and protectionism in domestic markets

Globalisationmeans integration of economies through trade, investment, and technology.
Factors promoting globalisation:
• Removal of trade barriers → encourages free trade
• FDI → brings foreign capital and technology
• Privatization → increases efficiency and global competition
Subsidies and protectionism:
• Protect domestic industries from foreign competition
• Create trade barriers and restrict imports
• Oppose the principles of free trade and globalisation
Answer: Option 2 → Subsidies and protectionism in domestic markets

Computer (4)

Computer Fundamentals and History · Introduction and characteristics of computers

Q15. Which statement is True or False regarding a computer's characteristics?(i) Accuracy guarantees zero errors in output, even with flawed input.(ii) No IQ means a computer cannot perform tasks without explicit instructions from the user or programmer.

  1. (a) (i) False, (ii) True
  2. (b) (i) True, (ii) False
  3. (c) (i) True, (ii) True
  4. (d) (i) False, (ii) False
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) (i) False, (ii) True

Computer Characteristics Analysis
Statement (i): Accuracy guarantees zero errors in output, even with flawed input
This isFalse.
Accuracy means computer processes data correctly as per instructions.
However, principle:GIGO (Garbage In, Garbage Out)
If input is flawed/incorrect, output will also be incorrect.
Accuracy ≠ Intelligence to detect wrong input.
Statement (ii): No IQ means computer cannot perform tasks without explicit instructions
This isTrue.
Computer haszero IQ (Intelligence Quotient).
It cannot think, decide, or work independently.
Requires step-by-step instructions (program) from user/programmer.
Answer: Option 1 → (i) False, (ii) True
Networking and Data Communication · Types of networks (LAN, MAN, WAN, PAN)

Q16. During group project file sharing in the CSE classroom, LAN connects which devices directly?

  1. (a) Local computers within the same building
  2. (b) Printers connected via Bluetooth pairing
  3. (c) Satellite phones for remote areas only
  4. (d) Global internet servers across continents
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Local computers within the same building

Topic: LAN (Local Area Network)
Definition:LAN connects devices within a limited area like a building, office, or campus.
Key Characteristics:
• Covers small geographical area (room/building)
• High-speed data transfer
• Connects computers, printers via wired/wireless
Analysis of Options:
Option 1: ✓ Correct - LAN connects local computers in same building
Option 2: ✗ Bluetooth is separate wireless technology, not LAN
Option 3: ✗ Satellite phones use satellite networks, not LAN
Option 4: ✗ Global servers use WAN (Wide Area Network), not LAN
Software, Operating Systems and Programming · Windows features and utilities

Q17. A user wants to quickly access a folder named Reports which is frequently used, but it is deeply nested within the following path: C:\Users\Public\Documents\Projects\2020_Q2\Reports. Which feature of the Windows File Explorer offers the most efficient way to create a one-click shortcut to this folder within the file explorer window itself?

  1. (a) Adding the folder to the Quick Access section
  2. (b) Pinning the folder to the Start Menu
  3. (c) Mapping the folder as a new Network Drive
  4. (d) Creating a new library and including the folder
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Adding the folder to the Quick Access section

Question: Quick access to deeply nested folder in File Explorer
Quick Access Feature:
Located in left pane of File Explorer
Right-click folder → Pin to Quick Access
Creates instant one-click shortcut within Explorer
Why other options are less efficient:
Option 2: Start Menu pin opens outside File Explorer
Option 3: Network Drive for local folders is unnecessary
Option 4: Libraries are for grouping multiple locations
Quick Access is the most efficient solution
Provides direct access within File Explorer itself
Answer: Option 1 → Adding the folder to the Quick Access section
MS Office and Productivity Tools · Keyboard shortcuts

Q18. Which of the following shortcut keys opens File Explorer directly in MS Windows?

  1. (a) Shift + E
  2. (b) Alt + E
  3. (c) Windows logo key + E
  4. (d) Ctrl + E
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Windows logo key + E

File Explorer Shortcut in Windows
Windows logo key + E is the standard shortcut to open File Explorer directly.
Other shortcuts:
Ctrl + E → Select search box in Explorer
Alt + E → Opens Edit menu (older Windows)
Shift + E → No default function
Answer: Option 3 → Windows logo key + E

Ancient History (3)

Vedic Period · Vedic literature (Vedas, Brahmanas, Aranyakas, Upanishads)

Q19. The Rigveda, the oldest of the Vedas, mainly consists of which of the following?

  1. (a) Philosophical essays
  2. (b) Hymns
  3. (c) Epic narratives
  4. (d) Ritual manuals
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Hymns

Topic: Rigveda - Oldest Veda
The Rigveda is the oldest of the four Vedas (Rigveda, Samaveda, Yajurveda, Atharvaveda).
It contains1,028 hymns (suktas)organized in 10 books (mandalas).
These hymns are prayers and praises dedicated to various deities like Indra, Agni, Varuna, etc.
Composed in Vedic Sanskrit around 1500-1200 BCE.
Answer: Option 2 → Hymns
Vedic Period · Vedic literature (Vedas, Brahmanas, Aranyakas, Upanishads)

Q20. Which of the following texts is considered the earliest Vedic composition depicting the life of early Vedic people?

  1. (a) Rigveda
  2. (b) Atharvaveda
  3. (c) Yajurveda
  4. (d) Samaveda
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Rigveda

Topic: Vedic Literature
TheRigvedais the oldest of the four Vedas, composed around 1500-1200 BCE.
It contains 1,028 hymns (suktas) in 10 mandalas, depicting early Vedic society, rituals, and deities.
Other Vedas came later: Yajurveda (rituals), Samaveda (melodies), Atharvaveda (spells).
Answer: Option 1 → Rigveda
Indus Valley Civilisation · Town planning and structures

Q21. Which of the following was a characteristic feature of Harappan street planning?

  1. (a) Elevated stone causeways replacing ordinary streets
  2. (b) Streets intersecting at right angles forming a criss-cross pattern
  3. (c) Broad circular roads radiating out from a central square
  4. (d) Narrow zig-zag streets designed to control traffic flow
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Streets intersecting at right angles forming a criss-cross pattern

Topic: Harappan Civilization - Urban Planning
Key Features of Harappan Street Planning:
Streets laid out ingrid pattern(chess-board layout)
Main streets rannorth-south and east-west
Streets intersected atright angles (90°)
Created rectangular blocks for houses
Main streets were 9-12 meters wide
Lanes were narrower, about 1.5-3 meters
This grid system showedadvanced urban planning
and organized city layout.
Answer: Option 2 → Streets intersecting at right angles forming a criss-cross pattern

Current Affairs (8)

Defence and Security - Current · Defence acquisitions and indigenous systems

Q22. In August 2025, which mission did PM Modi announce to stop enemy defence infiltrations and boost India’s attack strength?

  1. (a) Agni‑V Shield Mission
  2. (b) Project Kusha
  3. (c) Mission Trishul
  4. (d) Sudarshan Chakra Mission
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Sudarshan Chakra Mission

Mission Sudarshan Chakra
Announced by PM Modi inAugust 2025.
Objective: Stop enemy defence infiltrations and boost India's attack strength.
Named after Lord Vishnu's divine weapon symbolizing protection and offensive capability.
Answer: Option 4 → Sudarshan Chakra Mission
Economy, Banking and Business · Budget and economic data - current

Q23. The overall Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR) for persons aged 15 years and above increased to what percentage in October 2025?

  1. (a) 55.4%
  2. (b) 55.0%
  3. (c) 54.2%
  4. (d) 56.1%
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) 55.4%

Topic:Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR) - October 2025
LFPR measures the proportion of working-age population that is economically active.
As per recent data released by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, the overall LFPR for persons aged 15 years and above increased to55.4%in October 2025.
This indicates an improvement in workforce participation across the country.
Answer: Option 1 → 55.4%
Reports, Indices and Rankings · Global indices and India's rank

Q24. India has secured which rank in the Asia Power Index 2025?

  1. (a) Second
  2. (b) Fourth
  3. (c) Third
  4. (d) First
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Third

Asia Power Index 2025 Rankings
The Asia Power Index measures comprehensive power of countries across diplomatic, economic, military, and cultural dimensions.
Top Rankings:
1st → United States
2nd → China
3rd → India
India maintained its third position, demonstrating strong regional influence and growing comprehensive power in the Indo-Pacific region.
Answer: Option 3 → Third
Books, Obituaries and Days - Current · Books released

Q25. What is the title of the book, released in April 2025 in New Delhi, that compiles Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s speeches on culture?

  1. (a) Sanskriti Ke Shilpkar
  2. (b) Modi on Culture and Heritage
  3. (c) Sanskriti Ka Panchva Adhyay
  4. (d) Bharat Ki Sanskritik Yatra
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Sanskriti Ka Panchva Adhyay

Book Release: April 2025, New Delhi
Book compiling PM Narendra Modi's speeches on culture
Title: Sanskriti Ka Panchva Adhyay
(The Fifth Chapter of Culture)
Released by Publications Division
Answer: Option 3 → Sanskriti Ka Panchva Adhyay
International Affairs and Summits · Summits and conferences

Q26. In June 2025, which major summit was hosted for the first time by the Netherlands in The Hague (24–25 June)?

  1. (a) ASEAN Summit
  2. (b) EU-27 Summit
  3. (c) NATO Summit
  4. (d) G7 Summit
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) NATO Summit

NATO Summit - June 2025
The Netherlands hosted theNATO Summitin The Hague on 24-25 June 2025.
This was the first time the Netherlands hosted a major NATO Summit.
The Hague is known for hosting international organizations and summits.
Answer: Option 3 → NATO Summit
Books, Obituaries and Days - Current · Days and themes - current year

Q27. What was the theme of World Environmental Health Day 2025 observed on 26 September 2025?

  1. (a) Plastic-Free Future
  2. (b) Water for All
  3. (c) Clean Air, Healthy People
  4. (d) Protecting Our Planet
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Clean Air, Healthy People

World Environmental Health Day 2025
Date: 26 September 2025
Theme:Clean Air, Healthy People
Focus: Highlighting the critical link between air quality and public health, emphasizing the need for clean air to ensure healthy communities worldwide.
Answer: Option 3 → Clean Air, Healthy People
Sports - Current · Tournaments and winners

Q28. India’s fourth Asia Cup win in men’s hockey (2025) ended a drought of how many years?

  1. (a) 5 years
  2. (b) 8 years
  3. (c) 10 years
  4. (d) 12 years
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) 8 years

India's Asia Cup Hockey Victory 2025
India won theAsia Cup 2025in men's hockey.
This was India'sfourth Asia Cup title.
Previous win:2017
Gap: 2025 - 2017 =8 years
Answer: Option 2 → 8 years
Appointments and Resignations · International appointments

Q29. Annalena Baerbock, who served as the President of the 80th session of the UN General Assembly in 2025, belongs to which country?

  1. (a) Czech Republic
  2. (b) Denmark
  3. (c) Germany
  4. (d) Austria
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Germany

Topic: International Organizations - UN General Assembly
Annalena Baerbockis a German politician and diplomat.
She serves as Germany'sForeign Ministersince 2021.
She was elected asPresident of the 80th UN General Assemblyin 2025.
She is a member of theAlliance 90/The Greensparty in Germany.
Answer: Option 3 → Germany

Chemistry (2)

Chemical Reactions and Equations · Oxidation, reduction and redox reactions

Q30. Oxidation in a redox reaction involves which of the following?

  1. (a) Electrons lost
  2. (b) Protons gained
  3. (c) Protons lost
  4. (d) Electrons gained
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Electrons lost

Redox Reaction - Oxidation Process
Oxidation is defined as theloss of electrons.
Mnemonic:OIL RIG
Oxidation Is Loss (of electrons)
Reduction Is Gain (of electrons)
Example: Fe → Fe²⁺ + 2e⁻ (oxidation)
Answer: Option 1 → Electrons lost
Everyday and Industrial Chemistry · Drugs and medicines (antacids, antibiotics, analgesics)

Q31. How do antacids reduce pain during indigestion?

  1. (a) Thickening stomach walls
  2. (b) Reducing food intake
  3. (c) Increasing acid production
  4. (d) Neutralising excess stomach acid
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Neutralising excess stomach acid

Topic: Antacids and Indigestion
Indigestion occurs when excessHCl (hydrochloric acid)is produced in the stomach.
Antacids containbasic compoundslike Mg(OH)₂, Al(OH)₃, NaHCO₃.
These basesneutralise excess acidthrough acid-base reaction.
Reaction: HCl + Base → Salt + Water
This reduces acidity and relieves pain.
Answer: Option 4 → Neutralising excess stomach acid

Biology (1)

Heredity and Evolution · Mendel's laws and experiments

Q32. The phenotype short in pea plants is expressed by which allele combination?

  1. (a) tT
  2. (b) TT
  3. (c) tt
  4. (d) Tt
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) tt

Mendelian Genetics - Height in Pea Plants
Tall (T) is dominant over short (t)
Phenotype expression:
TT → Tall (homozygous dominant)
Tt or tT → Tall (heterozygous)
tt → Short (homozygous recessive)
Short phenotype appears only when both alleles are recessive
Answer: Option 3 → tt

Polity (6)

Parliament · Rajya Sabha

Q33. What factors have caused the number of Rajya Sabha seats assigned to States and Union Territories to fluctuate since 1952?

  1. (a) Decisions of the Supreme Court
  2. (b) Reorganization and formation of new States
  3. (c) Change in the President’s powers
  4. (d) Economic reforms
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Reorganization and formation of new States

Rajya Sabha Seat Allocation
Constitutional Provision: Article 80 allocates Rajya Sabha seats to States based on population.
Key Factor: Since 1952, India underwent majorState Reorganization:
• 1956 - States Reorganisation Act (linguistic basis)
• Formation of new states: Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, etc.
• Recent: Telangana (2014), J&K reorganization (2019)
Each reorganization changed state boundaries and populations, requiring seat reallocation.
Supreme Court decisions, Presidential powers, and economic reforms do not affect seat distribution.
Answer: Option 2 → Reorganization and formation of new States
Emergency and Centre-State Relations · National Emergency (Article 352)

Q34. The phrase “internal disturbance” in the Emergency provisions of the Constitution of India was replaced with which term?

  1. (a) Civil unrest
  2. (b) National instability
  3. (c) Armed rebellion
  4. (d) Internal security threat
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Armed rebellion

Topic: Constitutional Amendment - Emergency Provisions
Original Article 352 used term'internal disturbance'
44th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1978 replaced it with'armed rebellion'
This made Emergency declaration more specific and difficult to misuse
Change was made after 1975-77 Emergency experience
Answer: Option 3 → Armed rebellion
State Government · Legislative Council - creation and abolition

Q35. How does the Vidhan Parishad elect its chairman?

  1. (a) Elected by members of the Vidhan Parishad
  2. (b) Appointed by the President
  3. (c) Elected by members of the Lok Sabha
  4. (d) Nominated by the Governor
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Elected by members of the Vidhan Parishad

Topic: Vidhan Parishad (Legislative Council)
Constitutional Provision:
Article 182 deals with Chairman and Deputy Chairman of Legislative Council.
Election Process:
The Chairman is elected by the members of Vidhan Parishad from amongst themselves.
Similar to Rajya Sabha electing its Chairman (Vice President is ex-officio).
Key Point:
It is an internal election by council members, not external appointment.
Answer: Option 1 → Elected by members of the Vidhan Parishad
Local Government · PESA Act, State Finance and State Election Commissions

Q36. Elections to Panchayats and Municipalities are managed by which body according to the Constitution?

  1. (a) Lok Sabha Secretariat
  2. (b) District Magistrates
  3. (c) Central Election Commission
  4. (d) State Election Commissions
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) State Election Commissions

Constitutional Provision: Article 243K and 243ZA
Article 243K → Panchayat elections conducted byState Election Commission
Article 243ZA → Municipality elections conducted byState Election Commission
Each state has independent State Election Commission for local body elections.
Central Election Commission manages only Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, and State Legislative elections.
Answer: Option 4 → State Election Commissions
Special Provisions, Official Language and Miscellaneous Provisions · Scheduled and tribal areas (Fifth and Sixth Schedules)

Q37. Under the Fifth Schedule of the Indian Constitution, which States are excluded from the definition of State?

  1. (a) Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram
  2. (b) Assam, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim
  3. (c) Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya
  4. (d) Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, Nagaland
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram

Fifth Schedule: Administration of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes
The Fifth Schedule applies to Scheduled Areas in states except:
• Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram
These four states are excluded because they are covered under theSixth Schedule, which provides special provisions for tribal areas in the Northeast.
The Sixth Schedule deals with autonomous district councils in tribal areas of these states.
Answer: Option 1 → Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram
Amendments and Important Articles · Major constitutional amendments

Q38. Which of the following Amendments to the Constitution of India allows both the centre and states to levy the Goods and Services Tax (GST)?

  1. (a) 80th Amendment, 2000
  2. (b) 67th Amendment, 1990
  3. (c) 74th Amendment, 1992
  4. (d) 101st Amendment, 2016
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) 101st Amendment, 2016

Topic: Constitutional Amendment for GST
The101st Constitutional Amendment Act, 2016introduced GST in India.
Key provisions:
• Enabled both Centre and States to levy GST concurrently
• Added Article 246A for dual taxation power
• Established GST Council under Article 279A
• Subsumed multiple indirect taxes into single GST
Other options: 80th (2000) - Service Tax, 67th (1990) - Reservation, 74th (1992) - Municipalities
Answer: Option 4 → 101st Amendment, 2016

Medieval History (1)

Delhi Sultanate · Khalji dynasty

Q39. Who among the following introduced the system of branding of horses (dagh) and maintaining descriptive rolls of soldiers (chehra)?

  1. (a) Alauddin Khalji
  2. (b) Muhammad bin Tughlaq
  3. (c) Iltutmish
  4. (d) Balban
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Alauddin Khalji

Military Reforms of Alauddin Khalji
Dagh System:Branding of horses to prevent soldiers from substituting horses during musters.
Chehra System:Maintaining descriptive rolls of soldiers with physical descriptions to prevent fake enrollments.
Purpose: To eliminate corruption in the army and ensure a strong, efficient military force.
These reforms made his army one of the most disciplined in medieval India.
Answer: Option 1 → Alauddin Khalji
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