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Delhi Police Constable 2025-26 2 January 2026 Shift 3 GK Questions – with answers & solutions

All 48 GK / GS questions asked in Delhi Police Constable 2025-26 on 2 January 2026 Shift 3, with correct answers and short solutions, subject-wise: Static GK, Ancient History, Economics, Geography, Computer, Polity.

📚 48 questions🗓️ 2 January 2026⏰ Shift 3
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Subjects: Static GK (15) · Ancient History (1) · Economics (12) · Geography (7) · Computer (1) · Polity (3) · Current Affairs (4) · Medieval History (2) · Modern History (3)

Static GK (15)

Festivals, Fairs, Paintings and Crafts · Festivals by state

Q1. Which festival in Tamil Nadu marks the Tamil New Year and includes ritual baths and temple visits?

  1. (a) Pongal
  2. (b) Tamil Puthandu
  3. (c) Karthigai Deepam
  4. (d) Thaipusam
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Tamil Puthandu

Tamil Puthandu is the Tamil New Year, celebrated on April 14, marking the solar New Year according to the Tamil calendar. It includes ritual baths, temple visits, and family gatherings.
(a) Incorrect: Pongal is a harvest festival celebrated in January, not the Tamil New Year.
(b) Incorrect: Karthigai Deepam is a festival of lights celebrated in November/December, dedicated to Lord Shiva.
(c) Incorrect: Thaipusam is a Hindu festival dedicated to Lord Murugan, observed during the Tamil month of Thai.
Festivals, Fairs, Paintings and Crafts · Festivals by state

Q2. Which festival in Manipur focuses on the role of women in society and involves inviting sisters for feasting and gifts?

  1. (a) Yaoshang
  2. (b) Ningol Chakouba
  3. (c) Cheiraoba
  4. (d) Lai Haraoba
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Ningol Chakouba

Ningol Chakouba is a Meitei festival of Manipur celebrated on the second day of the Meitei month Hiyangei . Married women are invited by their brothers for a feast and gifts, highlighting the importance of women in Meitei society.
(a) Incorrect: Yaoshang is the Manipuri celebration of Holi, a five-day festival.
(b) Incorrect: Cheiraoba is the Meitei New Year festival, not specifically focused on inviting sisters.
(c) Incorrect: Lai Haraoba is a festival dedicated to the ancient Meitei deities (Umang Lai).
Books and Authors · Modern Indian books and authors

Q3. Who wrote Sea of Poppies, the first book of the Ibis Trilogy, which was shortlisted for the Booker Prize?

  1. (a) Amitav Ghosh
  2. (b) Vikram Seth
  3. (c) Salman Rushdie
  4. (d) Aravind Adiga
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Amitav Ghosh

Amitav Ghosh wrote 'Sea of Poppies' (2008), the first novel in the Ibis Trilogy set during the era of the opium trade before the First Opium War. It was shortlisted for the Man Booker Prize 2008.
(a) Incorrect: Vikram Seth is known for 'A Suitable Boy' and 'The Golden Gate', not the Ibis Trilogy.
(b) Incorrect: Salman Rushdie is known for 'Midnight's Children' (Booker Prize 1981) and 'The Satanic Verses'.
(c) Incorrect: Aravind Adiga won the Booker Prize 2008 for 'The White Tiger', not 'Sea of Poppies'.
Music and Musical Instruments · Musical instruments and exponents

Q4. Which string instrument is central to the Manganiyar musical tradition of Rajasthan?

  1. (a) Sarinda
  2. (b) Kamaicha
  3. (c) Ravanhatta
  4. (d) Dotara
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Kamaicha

Kamaicha is the signature bowed string instrument of the Manganiyar community of Rajasthan. It has a large round resonator made of mango wood covered with goatskin, and is central to Manganiyar folk music performances.
(a) Incorrect: Sarinda is a bowed string instrument found in Rajasthan but is not the primary/signature instrument of the Manganiyar tradition.
(b) Incorrect: Ravanhatta is an ancient bowed instrument of Rajasthan, more associated with Bhopa storytellers than Manganiyars .
(c) Incorrect: Dotara is a plucked string instrument more commonly found in Bengal and Assam, not in the Manganiyar tradition.
Sports · Sports and famous players

Q5. Which Indian athlete became the first Asian to win gold in the javelin throw at the World Athletics Championships?

  1. (a) Neeraj Chopra
  2. (b) Arshad Nadeem
  3. (c) Keshorn Walcott
  4. (d) Julius Yego
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Neeraj Chopra

Neeraj Chopra became the first Asian to win gold in the javelin throw at the World Athletics Championships, achieving this milestone at the Budapest World Championships in 2023 with a throw of 88.17 metres .
(a) Incorrect: Arshad Nadeem is a Pakistani javelin champion who won gold at Paris Olympics 2024 but is not the first Asian World Athletics Championship gold medallist in javelin.
(b) Incorrect: Keshorn Walcott is from Trinidad and Tobago (not Asia) and won the Olympic javelin gold in 2012.
(c) Incorrect: Julius Yego is from Kenya, Africa, and won World Athletics Championship gold in javelin in 2015, but is not Asian.
National Symbols, Firsts and Superlatives · First in India - persons

Q6. Who was appointed as the Director General of Police (DGP) of Maharashtra in January 2024, becoming the first woman to hold the post?

  1. (a) Rashmi Shukla
  2. (b) Rachana Shah
  3. (c) Smita Pandey
  4. (d) Anjali Singh
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Rashmi Shukla

Rashmi Shukla was appointed as the Director General of Police (DGP) of Maharashtra in January 2024, becoming the first woman to hold this highest police post in the state. She is a 1988 batch IPS officer of the Maharashtra cadre.
(a) Incorrect: Rachana Shah has not held the post of DGP Maharashtra.
(b) Incorrect: Smita Pandey has not been appointed as DGP Maharashtra.
(c) Incorrect: Anjali Singh has not served as DGP Maharashtra.
Awards and Honours · Nobel Prize and international awards

Q7. Who is the Indian mathematician and statistician awarded the Abel Prize in 2007 for contributions to probability theory and the theory of large deviations?

  1. (a) Manjul Bhargava
  2. (b) C.R. Rao
  3. (c) Srinivasa Varadhan
  4. (d) M.S. Narasimhan
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Srinivasa Varadhan

S.R. Srinivasa Varadhan, an Indian-American mathematician at NYU's Courant Institute, won the Abel Prize in 2007 for his fundamental contributions to probability theory, particularly the theory of large deviations, which has applications in statistics, physics, and finance.
(a) Incorrect: Manjul Bhargava is an Indian-American mathematician who won the Fields Medal in 2014 for number theory, not the Abel Prize 2007.
(b) Incorrect: C.R. Rao is a renowned Indian statistician who won the International Prize in Statistics 2023; he did not win the Abel Prize 2007.
(c) Incorrect: M.S. Narasimhan is an Indian mathematician known for the Narasimhan-Seshadri theorem in algebraic geometry; he did not win the Abel Prize 2007.
Dances · Folk dances by state

Q8. The ' Chholiya ' dance is traditionally associated with which Indian state, performed as a martial-style dance during weddings and auspicious occasions?

  1. (a) Uttarakhand
  2. (b) Himachal Pradesh
  3. (c) Punjab
  4. (d) Rajasthan
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Uttarakhand

Chholiya (also spelled Choliya ) is a traditional martial dance of the Kumaon region of Uttarakhand. Performed by men wielding swords and shields, it is presented during marriage processions to symbolise the bravery of the bridegroom and his party in traditional Rajput culture.
(a) Incorrect: Himachal Pradesh has its own traditional dances like Nati (also a UNESCO- recognised folk dance); Chholiya specifically belongs to Uttarakhand's Kumaon region.
(b) Incorrect: Punjab is known for Bhangra (men's harvest dance) and Giddha (women's folk dance); Chholiya is not associated with Punjab.
(c) Incorrect: Rajasthan has its own folk dances like Ghoomar, Kalbelia , and Chari; Chholiya belongs to the Kumaon region of Uttarakhand.
Dances · Classical dances and their states

Q9. Which classical dance from Odisha is renowned for depicting Krishna Leela through intricate gestures, expressions, and storytelling in devotional performances?

  1. (a) Odissi
  2. (b) Bharatanatyam
  3. (c) Kathak
  4. (d) Mohiniyattam
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Odissi

Odissi is one of the eight classical dance forms of India, originating from the temples of Odisha. It is characterised by its graceful, fluid movements, distinctive tribhangi (three-bend) posture, and is particularly known for depicting Lord Krishna's life, Radha-Krishna themes, and Krishna Leela through expressive abhinaya (expression).
(a) Incorrect: Bharatanatyam is a classical dance from Tamil Nadu, known for its geometric formations and Natya Shastra-based expressions; it is not from Odisha.
(b) Incorrect: Kathak is a classical dance from North India (UP/Rajasthan), characterised by fast footwork and storytelling through Mughal court traditions; not from Odisha.
(c) Incorrect: Mohiniyattam is a classical dance from Kerala, characterised by its gentle, swaying movements; it is not from Odisha.
Books and Authors · International books and authors

Q10. Who authored The Kite Runner, a novel exploring friendship, betrayal, and Afghanistan's historical turmoil, emphasizing personal redemption against a backdrop of war and political upheaval?

  1. (a) Khaled Hosseini
  2. (b) Orhan Pamuk
  3. (c) Chimamanda Adichie
  4. (d) Mohsin Hamid
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Khaled Hosseini

Khaled Hosseini, an Afghan-American author, wrote 'The Kite Runner' (2003). Set in Afghanistan from the 1970s through the Taliban era, it explores themes of friendship, guilt, redemption, and father-son relationships. It became an international bestseller.
(a) Incorrect: Orhan Pamuk is a Turkish author and Nobel Prize laureate (2006), known for 'My Name is Red' and 'Snow'; he did not write The Kite Runner.
(b) Incorrect: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie is a Nigerian author known for 'Half of a Yellow Sun' and ' Americanah '; she did not write The Kite Runner.
(c) Incorrect: Mohsin Hamid is a Pakistani author known for 'The Reluctant Fundamentalist' and 'Exit West'; he did not write The Kite Runner.
Sports · National championships - venues and winners

Q11. The 2001 National Games featured multiple sports competitions across various venues. Which state hosted the National Games in 2001?

  1. (a) Manipur
  2. (b) Tripura
  3. (c) Punjab
  4. (d) Goa
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Punjab

The National Games of India in 2001 were hosted by Punjab, with competitions held across various venues in the state. The National Games are a multi-sport event held across different Indian states on rotation.
(a) Incorrect: Manipur hosted an earlier edition of the National Games (29th edition, 1999); it did not host the 2001 edition.
(b) Incorrect: Tripura has not hosted the National Games in 2001.
(c) Incorrect: Goa hosted the 36th National Games in 2023; it was not the host for the 2001 edition.
Sports · Other sports and tournaments (tennis, chess, badminton, etc.)

Q12. Which of the following is not included in artistic gymnastics competitions, being a separate Olympic discipline?

  1. (a) Vault
  2. (b) Floor exercise
  3. (c) Rings
  4. (d) Trampoline
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Trampoline

Trampoline gymnastics is a separate and independent Olympic discipline, not part of artistic gymnastics. It was included as a distinct Olympic event starting from the Sydney 2000 Olympics. Vault, Floor exercise, and Rings are all standard events within artistic gymnastics.
(a) Incorrect: Vault IS a core apparatus event in artistic gymnastics, performed by both men and women.
(b) Incorrect: Floor exercise IS a core event in artistic gymnastics for both men (without music) and women (with music).
(c) Incorrect: Rings (still rings) IS a men's apparatus event in artistic gymnastics, testing strength and stability.
Monuments and Heritage · Monuments - builders and locations

Q13. What architectural feature is the Gol Gumbaz at Bijapur most famous for?

  1. (a) Elaborate carvings
  2. (b) Huge dome and whispering gallery
  3. (c) Golden roof
  4. (d) Garden
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Huge dome and whispering gallery

Gol Gumbaz in Bijapur (now Vijayapura), Karnataka, is most famous for its massive dome — the second largest unsupported dome in the world (after the Pantheon in Rome) — and its 'Whispering Gallery', a circular gallery at the base of the dome where even a whisper is amplified and heard clearly across the diameter.
(a) Incorrect: Gol Gumbaz is not particularly renowned for elaborate carvings; its fame rests on its architectural engineering — the colossal dome.
(b) Incorrect: Gol Gumbaz does not have a golden roof; it is a plain grey-stone dome built in the Deccan Sultanate architectural style.
(c) Incorrect: While the mausoleum has a garden (char bagh), Gol Gumbaz is primarily famous for its engineering — the dome and whispering gallery.
Sports · Sports terminology

Q14. In fencing, a 'Riposte' refers to which action following a successful defensive parry to regain priority and attempt to score?

  1. (a) First attack
  2. (b) Defence followed by counterattack
  3. (c) Penalty
  4. (d) Sudden-death point
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Defence followed by counterattack

In fencing, a Riposte is an offensive action made immediately after successfully parrying (deflecting) an opponent's attack. The fencer first defends (parry) and then immediately launches a counterattack (riposte) to score a point, combining defence with an offensive response.
(a) Incorrect: A 'First attack' or 'attack' in fencing refers to the initial offensive action, not a counteraction following a parry.
(b) Incorrect: A 'Penalty' in fencing is awarded for rule violations such as stepping off the piste or unsportsmanlike behaviour — it is not a fencing technique.
(c) Incorrect: 'Sudden-death point' is related to match formats in some sports; it is not a specific fencing technique or action.
Sports · Sports bodies and headquarters

Q15. The International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF) was established to promote and regulate table tennis worldwide. In which year was this organization founded?

  1. (a) 1926
  2. (b) 1932
  3. (c) 1945
  4. (d) 1950
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) 1926

The International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF) was founded on 15 January 1926 in Berlin, Germany. Representatives from England, Sweden, Hungary, Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, India, Denmark, and Wales established the ITTF to govern and promote table tennis globally.
(a) Incorrect: ITTF was not founded in 1932; it was established earlier in 1926.
(b) Incorrect: ITTF was not founded in 1945; 1945 marks the end of World War II, by which time ITTF had already been functioning for nearly two decades.
(c) Incorrect: ITTF was not founded in 1950; it had already been operational for 24 years by that time.

Ancient History (1)

Mahajanapadas and Rise of Magadha · Sixteen Mahajanapadas and their capitals

Q16. How many ' Mahajanapadas ' (Great Kingdoms) are mentioned in Buddhist texts as existing in the 6th century BC?

  1. (a) 10
  2. (b) 12
  3. (c) 16
  4. (d) 20
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) 16

According to Buddhist texts ( Anguttara Nikaya), there were 16 Mahajanapadas (Great Kingdoms) in the 6th century BC, including Magadha, Koshala, Vajji , Anga, Avanti, Kashi, Matsya, and others. These were significant political units in ancient India.
(a) Incorrect: 10 is not the number of Mahajanapadas mentioned in Buddhist texts.
(b) Incorrect: 12 is also not the correct count recorded in Buddhist texts.
(c) Incorrect: 20 exceeds the number actually listed in Buddhist texts.

Economics (12)

National Income · GDP, GNP, NDP and NNP

Q17. What does GDP measure?

  1. (a) The total income of all citizens
  2. (b) The total value of final goods and services produced in a country
  3. (c) The total savings in a country
  4. (d) The total exports of a country
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) The total value of final goods and services produced in a country

GDP (Gross Domestic Product) measures the total monetary value of all final goods and services produced within a country's borders in a specific time period (usually a year or a quarter). It is the broadest measure of a country's economic output.
(a) Incorrect: Total income of all citizens regardless of location describes GNI/GNP, not GDP.
(b) Incorrect: Total savings is measured by the national savings rate, not GDP.
(c) Incorrect: Total exports is only one component (net exports) in GDP calculation, not its full definition.
National Income · GDP, GNP, NDP and NNP

Q18. What does 'GNP' stand for in economics?

  1. (a) Gross National Product
  2. (b) Gross National Price
  3. (c) Government National Plan
  4. (d) General Needs Product
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Gross National Product

GNP stands for Gross National Product. It measures the total monetary value of all goods and services produced by a country's nationals (residents), regardless of their location — inside or outside the country.
(a) Incorrect: Gross National Price is not a standard economic term used in macroeconomics.
(b) Incorrect: Government National Plan is not an economic measurement term.
(c) Incorrect: General Needs Product is not a recognised economic concept or indicator.
Agriculture and Food Security · Agricultural credit and institutions (NABARD, KCC)

Q19. Which apex institution was established in 1982 to specifically look after 'rural credit' and agriculture?

  1. (a) SEBI
  2. (b) SIDBI
  3. (c) NABARD
  4. (d) EXIM Bank
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) NABARD

NABARD (National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development) was established on 12 July 1982, on the recommendation of the B. Sivaraman Committee, to provide credit and development support for agriculture and rural India. It is the apex development bank for rural credit.
(a) Incorrect: SEBI (Securities and Exchange Board of India) regulates capital markets, not rural credit or agriculture.
(b) Incorrect: SIDBI (Small Industries Development Bank of India) was established in 1990 to support micro, small, and medium enterprises, not rural credit.
(c) Incorrect: EXIM Bank was established in 1982 to finance India's international trade and investment, not rural credit.
Financial Markets and Institutions · Development financial institutions (SIDBI, NHB, EXIM Bank, IFCI)

Q20. The 'Export-Import Bank of India' (EXIM Bank) was established in which year to finance foreign trade?

  1. (a) 1975
  2. (b) 1982
  3. (c) 1991
  4. (d) 1995
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) 1982

EXIM Bank (Export-Import Bank of India) was established on 1 January 1982, under the Export-Import Bank of India Act, 1981, with the mandate to finance, facilitate, and promote India's international trade and investment.
(a) Incorrect: EXIM Bank was not established in 1975; it was set up in 1982.
(b) Incorrect: EXIM Bank was not established in 1991; 1991 was the year of India's economic liberalisation .
(c) Incorrect: EXIM Bank was not established in 1995; it has been operational since 1982.
Government Schemes and Economic Reports · Tourism and culture schemes

Q21. In March 2025, which ministry was reported to be administering the Kala Sanskriti Vikas Yojana (KSVY) for supporting traditional artists?

  1. (a) Ministry of Tourism
  2. (b) Ministry of Culture
  3. (c) Ministry of Skill Development
  4. (d) Ministry of Education
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Ministry of Culture

The Kala Sanskriti Vikas Yojana (KSVY) is administered by the Ministry of Culture, Government of India. It provides financial assistance to individuals and cultural organisations to preserve and promote traditional arts and cultural heritage.
(a) Incorrect: The Ministry of Tourism handles tourism promotion and development schemes, not traditional arts funding.
(b) Incorrect: The Ministry of Skill Development handles vocational training and skill development programmes , not traditional arts.
(c) Incorrect: The Ministry of Education oversees education policy and institutions; traditional arts support falls under the Ministry of Culture.
Government Schemes and Economic Reports · Economic indices and rankings

Q22. Which of the following is not included among the seven pillars used by the Global Innovation Index to evaluate national innovation capabilities and outputs across different economic dimensions?

  1. (a) Institutions
  2. (b) Market sophistication
  3. (c) Ecological sustainability
  4. (d) Human capital & research
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Ecological sustainability

The Global Innovation Index (GII) evaluates nations based on 7 pillars: Institutions, Human capital & research, Infrastructure, Market sophistication, Business sophistication, Knowledge & technology outputs, and Creative outputs. 'Ecological sustainability' is NOT one of the seven pillars.
(a) Incorrect: Institutions IS one of the 7 pillars of GII, measuring political environment, regulatory framework, and business environment.
(b) Incorrect: Market sophistication IS one of the 7 pillars of GII, measuring credit, investment, trade, and competition.
(c) Incorrect: Human capital & research IS one of the 7 pillars of GII, measuring education, tertiary education, and research & development.
Government Schemes and Economic Reports · Social welfare schemes

Q23. The National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP) provides social security to which of the following groups?

  1. (a) Elderly persons, widows, and persons with disabilities
  2. (b) Unemployed youth preparing for competitive exams
  3. (c) Industrial workers in hazardous sectors
  4. (d) Women entrepreneurs under self-employment schemes
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Elderly persons, widows, and persons with disabilities

The National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP), launched in 1995, provides welfare for BPL (Below Poverty Line) households. Its components target elderly persons (IGNOAPS), widows (IGNWPS), and persons with disabilities (IGNDPS) through monthly pension support.
(a) Incorrect: Unemployed youth preparing for competitive exams are not the target group of NSAP; they are covered by other schemes.
(b) Incorrect: Industrial workers in hazardous sectors are covered under ESIC (Employees' State Insurance Corporation), not NSAP.
(c) Incorrect: Women entrepreneurs are supported by schemes like MUDRA, PM SVANidhi , or Stand-Up India, not NSAP.
Money and Banking · Monetary policy tools (repo, reverse repo, CRR, SLR, MSF, bank rate)

Q24. What is the term for the interest rate at which the RBI borrows money from commercial banks?

  1. (a) Repo Rate
  2. (b) Fiscal Rate
  3. (c) Reverse Repo Rate
  4. (d) Inflation Rate
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Reverse Repo Rate

Reverse Repo Rate is the rate at which the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) borrows money from commercial banks. When banks park their excess funds with the RBI overnight, they earn interest at the Reverse Repo Rate. It is used to absorb excess liquidity from the banking system.
(a) Incorrect: Repo Rate (Repurchase Rate) is the rate at which RBI LENDS money to commercial banks — the direction is opposite to Reverse Repo Rate.
(b) Incorrect: Fiscal Rate is not a standard RBI monetary policy term; it is not used in the context of central bank lending/borrowing.
(c) Incorrect: Inflation Rate measures the rate of increase in the general price level, not an interest rate for RBI borrowing.
External Sector and International Economic Organisations · Balance of payments and current account

Q25. What economic situation is described by the term 'Trade Surplus'?

  1. (a) When Imports are equal to Exports
  2. (b) When Imports are greater than Exports
  3. (c) When Exports are greater than Imports
  4. (d) When there is no trade
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) When Exports are greater than Imports

A Trade Surplus occurs when a country's total value of exports exceeds its total value of imports. This results in a positive trade balance, meaning the country earns more from selling goods/services abroad than it spends on buying from abroad.
(a) Incorrect: When imports equal exports, it results in a Trade Balance (equilibrium or balanced trade), not a surplus.
(b) Incorrect: When imports are greater than exports, it results in a Trade Deficit (negative trade balance), the opposite of a surplus.
(c) Incorrect: 'When there is no trade' describes a condition of autarky or economic isolation, not a trade surplus.
Money and Banking · Commercial banks and bank nationalisation

Q26. In which year did the Government of India nationalize 14 major commercial banks?

  1. (a) 1947
  2. (b) 1951
  3. (c) 1969
  4. (d) 1980
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) 1969

On 19 July 1969, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's government nationalized 14 major commercial banks through the Banking Companies (Acquisition and Transfer of Undertakings) Ordinance. This was a landmark step to expand banking services to rural areas and priority sectors.
(a) Incorrect: In 1947, India became independent; bank nationalization had not yet been initiated.
(b) Incorrect: 1951 marked the beginning of India's First Five Year Plan; bank nationalization occurred much later in 1969.
(c) Incorrect: In 1980, a second round of bank nationalization occurred under Indira Gandhi, when 6 more banks were nationalized; the original 14 were nationalized in 1969.
Public Finance - Budget and Taxation · Direct taxes

Q27. The 'Raja Chelliah Committee' was appointed to recommend reforms in which specific sector?

  1. (a) Tax Structure
  2. (b) Stock Market
  3. (c) Space Technology
  4. (d) Sports
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Tax Structure

The Raja J. Chelliah Committee (Tax Reforms Committee) was appointed in 1991 to recommend comprehensive reforms to India's tax structure. It recommended reducing income tax rates, broadening the tax base, simplifying indirect taxes, and introducing a VAT system.
(a) Incorrect: Stock market reforms were addressed by the Narasimham Committee (banking/financial sector reforms, 1991–1998); not the Chelliah Committee.
(b) Incorrect: Space technology policy is guided by ISRO and the Department of Space; no Chelliah Committee addressed this.
(c) Incorrect: Sports policy is managed by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports; the Chelliah Committee was specifically for tax structure reform.
Industry and Infrastructure · Disinvestment

Q28. The 'Disinvestment Commission', set up in 1996 under G.V. Ramakrishna, was tasked with advising the government on?

  1. (a) Buying new companies
  2. (b) Fixing interest rates
  3. (c) Closing down banks
  4. (d) Privatization and selling shares of PSUs
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Privatization and selling shares of PSUs

The Disinvestment Commission, established in 1996 under the chairmanship of G.V. Ramakrishna, was set up to advise the Indian government on disinvestment strategies — specifically on privatization and selling government stakes (shares) in Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs) to private investors.
(a) Incorrect: Buying new companies is the opposite of disinvestment; the commission was set up to divest (sell), not acquire.
(b) Incorrect: Fixing interest rates is the function of the Reserve Bank of India's Monetary Policy Committee, not the Disinvestment Commission.
(c) Incorrect: Closing down banks is a banking regulatory matter handled by RBI and government; it is not the mandate of the Disinvestment Commission.

Geography (7)

India - Minerals, Energy and Industries · Metallic minerals and mines

Q29. Which plateau region is known as the 'mineral heartland' or 'storehouse of minerals' in India?

  1. (a) Deccan Plateau
  2. (b) Chota Nagpur Plateau
  3. (c) Malwa Plateau
  4. (d) Shillong Plateau
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Chota Nagpur Plateau

Chota Nagpur Plateau (mainly in Jharkhand) is called India's 'mineral heartland' or 'storehouse of minerals'. It is rich in coal, iron ore, manganese, bauxite, mica, and copper, contributing about 40% of India's mineral wealth.
(a) Incorrect: Deccan Plateau is known for its black cotton soil (Regur) and is not primarily the mineral heartland.
(b) Incorrect: Malwa Plateau is known for fertile black soil and agriculture, particularly wheat and soybean cultivation.
(c) Incorrect: Shillong Plateau in Meghalaya is not considered India's mineral heartland.
India - Location, Physiography and Neighbours · Neighbouring countries and border states

Q30. The Doklam plateau, a region of past standoff, is located near the tri-junction of:

  1. (a) India-Nepal-China
  2. (b) India-Bhutan-China
  3. (c) India-Myanmar-China
  4. (d) India-Pakistan-China
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) India-Bhutan-China

The Doklam plateau is situated near the tri-junction of India, Bhutan, and China. In 2017, a 73-day standoff occurred between Indian and Chinese forces here, as India objected to China constructing a road in this disputed territory near Bhutan's border.
(a) Incorrect: Nepal is not part of the Doklam tri-junction; the correct countries are India, Bhutan, and China.
(b) Incorrect: Myanmar shares its border with India in the northeast but is not part of the Doklam plateau tri-junction.
(c) Incorrect: Pakistan shares its border with India in the northwest; it has no connection to the Doklam tri-junction.
India - Population and Census · Urbanisation and migration

Q31. What type of migration is defined by the movement of people within the borders of a single country?

  1. (a) Internal
  2. (b) International
  3. (c) Immigration
  4. (d) Emigration
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Internal

Internal migration refers to the movement of people within the borders of a single country, from one region, state, or city to another. Examples include rural-to-urban migration and inter-state migration within India.
(a) Incorrect: International migration involves the movement of people across national borders from one country to another.
(b) Incorrect: Immigration specifically refers to people moving INTO a country from another country as their destination.
(c) Incorrect: Emigration refers to people leaving their home country to settle in another country permanently.
Lithosphere - Earth's Interior and Landforms · Geomorphic processes and mass movements

Q32. The town of Joshimath, which was in the news for a major 'land subsidence' (sinking) event, is located in which state?

  1. (a) Uttarakhand
  2. (b) Himachal Pradesh
  3. (c) Sikkim
  4. (d) Jammu and Kashmir
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Uttarakhand

Joshimath is a town in Chamoli district of Uttarakhand. In January 2023, it gained national and international attention due to widespread land subsidence (sinking) that caused severe cracks in hundreds of buildings, houses, and roads, forcing mass evacuations.
(a) Incorrect: Himachal Pradesh is a different Himalayan state; Joshimath is specifically in Uttarakhand's Chamoli district.
(b) Incorrect: Sikkim is a northeastern Himalayan state; Joshimath is not located there.
(c) Incorrect: Jammu and Kashmir is in northwestern India; Joshimath is in Uttarakhand in the central Himalayas.
India - Location, Physiography and Neighbours · Islands (Andaman & Nicobar, Lakshadweep)

Q33. On which island is India's only active volcano located?

  1. (a) Minicoy Island
  2. (b) Barren Island
  3. (c) Kavaratti Island
  4. (d) Havelock Island
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Barren Island

Barren Island, located in the Andaman Sea (part of the Andaman & Nicobar Islands), is India's only confirmed active volcano. It is a stratovolcano and has erupted multiple times in recent decades, with notable activity in 1991, 1994–1995, 2005, 2010, and 2017.
(a) Incorrect: Minicoy Island is the southernmost island of Lakshadweep and has no volcanic activity.
(b) Incorrect: Kavaratti Island is the capital of Lakshadweep; it is a coral atoll with no volcanic activity.
(c) Incorrect: Havelock Island (now renamed Swaraj Dweep ) in Andaman is known for its beaches and coral reefs, not volcanic activity.
India - Location, Physiography and Neighbours · Himalayas - ranges and peaks

Q34. The 'Karewa' soil formation found in Kashmir is famous for the cultivation of which crop?

  1. (a) Growing sugarcane
  2. (b) Cultivation of Saffron
  3. (c) Coal deposits
  4. (d) Bauxite deposits
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Cultivation of Saffron

Karewa (plural Karewas ) are ancient lacustrine (lake) deposits found as terraced formations in the Kashmir valley. Their unique soil composition and elevation provide ideal conditions for saffron (Kesar) cultivation. Kashmir saffron holds a GI (Geographical Indication) tag.
(a) Incorrect: Sugarcane cultivation requires tropical/subtropical lowland conditions and is not associated with the elevated Karewa formations.
(b) Incorrect: Coal deposits are formed from compressed organic matter in different geological conditions; Karewas are lacustrine deposits, not coal-bearing.
(c) Incorrect: Bauxite ( aluminium ore) is found in laterite soils in peninsular India; it is not associated with the Karewa formations of Kashmir.
India - Minerals, Energy and Industries · Non-metallic minerals

Q35. Which of the following minerals is classified as 'non-metallic'?

  1. (a) Iron Ore
  2. (b) Bauxite
  3. (c) Manganese
  4. (d) Mica
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Mica

Mica is classified as a non-metallic mineral. It is a phyllosilicate mineral found in large quantities in Jharkhand, Bihar, and Rajasthan. It is widely used as an electrical insulator, in cosmetics, and in the paint industry. Non-metallic minerals lack metallic properties and lustre .
(a) Incorrect: Iron Ore is a metallic mineral used as the primary raw material for producing iron and steel.
(b) Incorrect: Bauxite is a metallic mineral ( aluminium ore) used for producing aluminium metal through smelting.
(c) Incorrect: Manganese is a metallic mineral used in steel production, batteries, and chemical processes.

Computer (1)

Emerging Technologies and E-Governance · E-governance and Digital India

Q36. What is the purpose of the 'UMANG' (Unified Mobile Application for New-age Governance) app?

  1. (a) A social media app
  2. (b) A digital payment app
  3. (c) A single platform for accessing various government services
  4. (d) An online learning app
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) A single platform for accessing various government services

UMANG (Unified Mobile Application for New-age Governance) provides a single mobile platform for accessing over 1,200+ government services from Central and State governments, including PF, Aadhar, DigiLocker , pension, and various utility payments.
(a) Incorrect: UMANG is not a social media app; it is a government services delivery platform.
(b) Incorrect: While UMANG supports some payment services, its primary purpose is providing access to multiple government services, not solely digital payments.
(c) Incorrect: UMANG is not designed as an online learning app; it is a governance services platform.

Polity (3)

Fundamental Rights · Right to Constitutional Remedies (Article 32) and writs

Q37. Which of the given writs literally means 'command', i.e. to command a person to do its duty?

  1. (a) Prohibition
  2. (b) Certiorari
  3. (c) Mandamus
  4. (d) Quo warranto
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Mandamus

Mandamus (Latin: 'we command') is a writ issued by a superior court directing a person, corporation, or inferior court to perform a public or statutory duty. It literally translates to 'we command' and is used to enforce performance of legal duties.
(a) Incorrect: Prohibition is a writ issued to prevent a lower court or tribunal from exceeding its jurisdiction.
(b) Incorrect: Certiorari is a writ issued to quash the order of a lower court or quasi-judicial body that acted beyond its jurisdiction.
(c) Incorrect: Quo warranto (meaning 'by what authority') challenges a person's right or authority to hold a public office.
Preamble, Features, Parts and Schedules · Parts of the Constitution

Q38. In which Part of the Constitution are the provisions relating to Civil Services, including recruitment and conditions of service for government employees, contained?

  1. (a) Part IX
  2. (b) Part XIV
  3. (c) Part XV
  4. (d) Part XVI
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Part XIV

Part XIV of the Indian Constitution (Articles 308–323) deals with 'Services Under the Union and the States'. It contains provisions relating to the All India Services, recruitment, and conditions of service for government employees, including Articles 309–312 on service matters.
(a) Incorrect: Part IX of the Constitution deals with Panchayats (Local Self-Government in rural areas), not civil services.
(b) Incorrect: Part XV deals with Elections (Articles 324–329), not civil services.
(c) Incorrect: Part XVI deals with Special Provisions relating to certain classes (SC, ST, OBC), not civil services.
Union, Territory and Citizenship · OCI, NRI and CAA

Q39. The 'Citizenship (Amendment) Act', 2019, aims to provide a fast-track to Indian citizenship for minorities from which three countries?

  1. (a) Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar
  2. (b) Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Pakistan
  3. (c) Sri Lanka, China, Nepal
  4. (d) Pakistan, Iraq, Iran
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Pakistan

The Citizenship (Amendment) Act (CAA) 2019 provides fast-track Indian citizenship to persecuted religious minorities (Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis, and Christians) who entered India from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, and Pakistan before 31 December 2014.
(a) Incorrect: Nepal, Bhutan, and Myanmar are not the three countries specified in the CAA 2019.
(b) Incorrect: Sri Lanka, China, and Nepal are not mentioned in the CAA 2019; the correct countries are Afghanistan, Bangladesh, and Pakistan.
(c) Incorrect: Iraq and Iran are not among the three countries mentioned in the CAA; only Afghanistan, Bangladesh, and Pakistan are specified.

Current Affairs (4)

Sports - Current · Tournaments and winners

Q40. In 2025, which young Indian weight-lifter won gold in the junior men's 88 kg category at the Commonwealth Weightlifting Championships and set new junior records?

  1. (a) Sanket Mahadev
  2. (b) Sairaj Pardeshi
  3. (c) Jeremy Lalrinnunga
  4. (d) Achinta Sheuli
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Sairaj Pardeshi

Sairaj Pardeshi won gold in the junior men's 88 kg category at the Commonwealth Weightlifting Championships 2025, setting new junior records. He is a young Indian weightlifter representing India at international level.
(a) Incorrect: Sanket Mahadev Sargar is known for winning silver at Commonwealth Games 2022 in the 55 kg category, not 2025 junior 88 kg.
(b) Incorrect: Jeremy Lalrinnunga won Commonwealth Games gold in 2022 in the 67 kg category, not 2025 junior 88 kg.
(c) Incorrect: Achinta Sheuli won Commonwealth Games gold in 2022 in the 73 kg category, not the 2025 junior 88 kg event.
Appointments and Resignations · National appointments

Q41. Who has been the Lieutenant Governor of Puducherry since 7 August 2024?

  1. (a) Vinai Kumar Saxena
  2. (b) Kuniyil Kailashnathan
  3. (c) Manoj Sinha
  4. (d) B. D. Mishra
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Kuniyil Kailashnathan

Kuniyil Kailashnathan was appointed as the Lieutenant Governor of Puducherry on 7 August 2024. He is a retired IAS officer of the 1979 Kerala cadre who served as Chief Secretary of Kerala.
(a) Incorrect: Vinai Kumar Saxena is the Lieutenant Governor of Delhi, not Puducherry.
(b) Incorrect: Manoj Sinha served as the Lieutenant Governor of Jammu & Kashmir (2020–2024), not Puducherry.
(c) Incorrect: B.D. Mishra served as the Lieutenant Governor of Arunachal Pradesh and later of Ladakh, not Puducherry.
Appointments and Resignations · National appointments

Q42. Who was appointed as the new Controller General of Defence Accounts (CGDA) of India in November 2025?

  1. (a) Vishvajit Sahay
  2. (b) Ajay Kumar
  3. (c) K. Sanjay Murthy
  4. (d) Gyanesh Kumar
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Vishvajit Sahay

Vishvajit Sahay was appointed as the new Controller General of Defence Accounts (CGDA) of India in November 2025. The CGDA is the head of the Defence Accounts Department, overseeing financial management and audit of defence expenditure.
(a) Incorrect: Ajay Kumar has served in defence -related roles but was not appointed CGDA in November 2025.
(b) Incorrect: K. Sanjay Murthy was appointed as the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India in 2024, which is a different post from CGDA.
(c) Incorrect: Gyanesh Kumar is the Chief Election Commissioner of India, not the CGDA.
Books, Obituaries and Days - Current · Days and themes - current year

Q43. What was the official theme for World Wetlands Day celebrated on February 2, 2025?

  1. (a) Wetlands and Water
  2. (b) Wetlands and Climate Change
  3. (c) Protecting Wetlands for Our Common Future
  4. (d) Wetlands and Biodiversity
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Protecting Wetlands for Our Common Future

The official theme for World Wetlands Day 2025 (February 2) was 'Protecting Wetlands for Our Common Future'. World Wetlands Day has been observed globally since 1997 to raise awareness about the importance of wetlands for biodiversity, water purification, flood control, and carbon storage.
(a) Incorrect: 'Wetlands and Water' was the theme for World Wetlands Day 2013, not 2025.
(b) Incorrect: 'Wetlands and Climate Change' was the theme for World Wetlands Day 2024, not 2025.
(c) Incorrect: 'Wetlands and Biodiversity' was the theme for World Wetlands Day 2010, not 2025.

Medieval History (2)

Early Medieval North India · Tripartite struggle (Palas, Pratiharas, Rashtrakutas)

Q44. Who was the founder of the 'Pala' dynasty, which ruled Bengal and Bihar?

  1. (a) Dharmapala
  2. (b) Devapala
  3. (c) Gopala
  4. (d) Mahipala
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Gopala

Gopala founded the Pala dynasty around 750 CE. He was elected king by the nobles of Bengal after a period of political chaos, making it one of the first recorded democratic elections in Indian history. He established the Pala Empire which ruled Bengal and Bihar.
(a) Incorrect: Dharmapala was the second ruler of the Pala dynasty (r. 770–810 CE), son of Gopala, not the founder.
(b) Incorrect: Devapala was the third ruler of the Pala dynasty (r. 810–850 CE), not the founder.
(c) Incorrect: Mahipala I was a later ruler of the Pala dynasty who revived the empire in the 10th–11th century CE; he was not the founder.
Vijayanagara and Bahmani Kingdoms · Vijayanagara dynasties and rulers

Q45. The ' Vijayanagara Empire' on the banks of the Tungabhadra River was founded by?

  1. (a) Krishnadevaraya
  2. (b) Deva Raya II
  3. (c) Harihara and Bukka
  4. (d) Ramadevaraya
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Harihara and Bukka

Harihara I and Bukka I (two brothers) founded the Vijayanagara Empire in 1336 CE on the banks of the Tungabhadra River. They were originally ministers in the Hoysala and Kampili kingdoms and established the capital at Vijayanagara (modern Hampi , Karnataka).
(a) Incorrect: Krishnadevaraya (r. 1509–1529 CE) was the greatest ruler of the Vijayanagara Empire but not its founder.
(b) Incorrect: Deva Raya II (r. 1424–1446 CE) was a powerful king of the Vijayanagara Empire but not its founder.
(c) Incorrect: Ramadevaraya (Rama Raya) was a regent/minister who dominated the empire in the early 16th century; he was not the founder.

Modern History (3)

Towards Independence and Partition · Cabinet Mission

Q46. Which British mission in 1946 proposed the formation of a 'Constituent Assembly' and an 'Interim Government'?

  1. (a) Simon Commission
  2. (b) Cripps Mission
  3. (c) Wavell Plan
  4. (d) Cabinet Mission
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Cabinet Mission

The Cabinet Mission of 1946, led by three British Cabinet ministers (Lord Pethick-Lawrence, Sir Stafford Cripps, and A.V. Alexander), proposed the formation of a Constituent Assembly to draft India's Constitution and an Interim Government for the transition to independence.
(a) Incorrect: Simon Commission (1927) was appointed to review India's constitutional reforms but was boycotted by Indians and did not propose a Constituent Assembly.
(b) Incorrect: Cripps Mission (1942) proposed Dominion Status after WWII but did not specifically propose the Constituent Assembly + Interim Government combination.
(c) Incorrect: Wavell Plan (1945) proposed reconstituting the Viceroy's Executive Council with equal Hindu-Muslim representation but did not propose a Constituent Assembly.
Towards Independence and Partition · Integration of princely states

Q47. After 1947, which leader was primarily responsible for the 'Integration of Princely States' into India?

  1. (a) Jawaharlal Nehru
  2. (b) B.R. Ambedkar
  3. (c) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
  4. (d) C. Rajagopalachari
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, as the first Home Minister and Deputy Prime Minister of India, was primarily responsible for integrating 562 princely states into the Indian Union through diplomacy, persuasion, and political acumen. He is called the 'Iron Man of India' and 'Unifier of India' for this achievement.
(a) Incorrect: Jawaharlal Nehru was the first Prime Minister who handled foreign policy and economic planning; the integration of princely states was Patel's responsibility as Home Minister.
(b) Incorrect: B.R. Ambedkar was the chief architect of the Indian Constitution and was not primarily responsible for the integration of princely states.
(c) Incorrect: C. Rajagopalachari (Rajaji) served as the first Indian Governor General after independence; integration of princely states was Patel's domain.
Rise of Nationalism and Indian National Congress · INC sessions, venues and presidents

Q48. Who was the first British person to become the President of the Indian National Congress?

  1. (a) A.O. Hume
  2. (b) William Wedderburn
  3. (c) George Yule
  4. (d) Alfred Webb
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) George Yule

George Yule was the first British person to become President of the Indian National Congress, presiding over its 4th session held in Allahabad in 1888. A.O. Hume, while the founder of the INC, never served as its President.
(a) Incorrect: A.O. Hume FOUNDED the Indian National Congress in 1885 and served as General Secretary, but he never held the position of INC President.
(b) Incorrect: William Wedderburn served as INC President in 1889 (5th session) and 1910 (25th session), but George Yule was the FIRST British person to hold this position (1888).
(c) Incorrect: Alfred Webb served as INC President in 1894 (10th session, Madras), after George Yule had already become the first British INC President.
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