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Delhi Police Constable 2025-26 30 December 2025 Shift 2 GK Questions – with answers & solutions

All 48 GK / GS questions asked in Delhi Police Constable 2025-26 on 30 December 2025 Shift 2, with correct answers and short solutions, subject-wise: Static GK, Ancient History, Medieval History, Economics, Geography, Current Affairs.

📚 48 questions🗓️ 30 December 2025⏰ Shift 2
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Subjects: Static GK (14) · Ancient History (1) · Medieval History (2) · Economics (13) · Geography (7) · Current Affairs (3) · Modern History (4) · Polity (4)

Static GK (14)

Festivals, Fairs, Paintings and Crafts · Festivals by state

Q1. Which festival in Punjab celebrates the birth of Guru Gobind Singh and includes martial arts displays by Sikhs?

  1. (a) Baisakhi
  2. (b) Hola Mohalla
  3. (c) Maghi
  4. (d) Gurpurab
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Gurpurab

Gurpurab is the Sikh festival that commemorates the birth anniversary of Guru Gobind Singh Ji. It is one of the most important festivals for the Sikh community and is celebrated with great devotion through prayers, processions and kirtan.
(a) Incorrect: Baisakhi is the harvest festival of Punjab marking the Sikh New Year, not specifically the birth of Guru Gobind Singh.
(b) Incorrect: Hola Mohalla, created by Guru Gobind Singh, is held the day after Holi at Anandpur Sahib and features martial arts, but is not about his birth anniversary.
(c) Incorrect: Maghi marks the day when 40 Sikh warriors (Chali Mukte) who had deserted Guru Gobind Singh were martyred and is observed at Muktsar.
Books and Authors · Modern Indian books and authors

Q2. Which Indian author wrote the internationally acclaimed novel Midnight's Children, which won the Booker Prize in 1981?

  1. (a) Vikram Seth
  2. (b) Salman Rushdie
  3. (c) Arundhati Roy
  4. (d) Kiran Desai
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Salman Rushdie

Salman Rushdie wrote 'Midnight's Children' (1981), which won the Booker Prize. The novel's protagonist Saleem Sinai is born at the exact moment of India's independence, intertwining his life with the nation's history.
(a) Incorrect: Vikram Seth is known for 'A Suitable Boy' and 'The Golden Gate,' not 'Midnight's Children.'
(c) Incorrect: Arundhati Roy wrote 'The God of Small Things,' which won the Booker Prize in 1997, not 'Midnight's Children.'
(d) Incorrect: Kiran Desai wrote 'The Inheritance of Loss,' which won the Booker Prize in 2006.
Dances · Folk dances by state

Q3. Which folk dance of Gujarat is performed during Navaratri?

  1. (a) Garba
  2. (b) Giddha
  3. (c) Tamasha
  4. (d) Lavani
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Garba

Garba is the traditional folk dance of Gujarat performed during the nine-night festival of Navaratri. It is performed in circles around a clay pot with a lamp inside and is dedicated to the goddess Durga/Amba.
(b) Incorrect: Giddha is a folk dance from Punjab, not Gujarat.
(c) Incorrect: Tamasha is a folk theatre form from Maharashtra, not a dance of Gujarat during Navaratri.
(d) Incorrect: Lavani is a genre of music and dance from Maharashtra, not associated with Gujarat or Navaratri.
Sports · Asian Games and Commonwealth Games

Q4. How many total medals did India collect at the Christchurch 1974 Commonwealth Games?

  1. (a) 12
  2. (b) 14
  3. (c) 15
  4. (d) 16
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) 15

India won a total of 15 medals (4 gold, 7 silver, 4 bronze) at the 1974 Christchurch Commonwealth Games held in New Zealand. This was a significant performance for India in those Games.
(a) Incorrect: 12 medals is an undercount; India actually won 15 medals at the 1974 Christchurch Commonwealth Games.
(b) Incorrect: 14 medals is not the correct total; India's medal tally was 15.
(d) Incorrect: 16 medals overstates India's performance at the 1974 Games.
Books and Authors · Modern Indian books and authors

Q5. The novel "The Last Labyrinth", known for its psychological complexity, was written by:

  1. (a) U. R. Ananthamurthy
  2. (b) Manohar Shyam Joshi
  3. (c) Arun Joshi
  4. (d) O. V. Vijayan
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Arun Joshi

'The Last Labyrinth' is a novel by Arun Joshi, an Indian English novelist known for his existentialist themes and psychological depth. The novel explores themes of love, obsession, and spiritual quest.
(a) Incorrect: U. R. Ananthamurthy was a Kannada writer known for works like 'Samskara'; he did not write 'The Last Labyrinth.'
(b) Incorrect: Manohar Shyam Joshi was a Hindi writer known for works like 'Kuru Kuru Swaha', not this novel.
(d) Incorrect: O. V. Vijayan was a Malayalam writer known for 'The Legends of Khasak', not 'The Last Labyrinth.'
Festivals, Fairs, Paintings and Crafts · Painting styles and schools

Q6. The painting "Mahishasura," which blends mythology with expressionism, is the work of:

  1. (a) S. H. Raza
  2. (b) Jogen Chowdhury
  3. (c) Tyeb Mehta
  4. (d) Anjolie Ela Menon
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Tyeb Mehta

'Mahishasura' is one of the iconic paintings by Tyeb Mehta, a prominent Indian modernist painter. The work depicts the buffalo demon from Hindu mythology and is noted for its bold lines, diagonals, and powerful expressionistic style.
(a) Incorrect: S. H. Raza is known for his geometric abstract paintings featuring the 'Bindu' (point), not for 'Mahishasura.'
(b) Incorrect: Jogen Chowdhury is known for his figurative art with a distinctive style, but not for 'Mahishasura.'
(d) Incorrect: Anjolie Ela Menon is known for works featuring women and Christian iconography, not 'Mahishasura.'
Sports · Cricket

Q7. Fill in the blanks: The first Limited Overs international cricket match was played in ______.

  1. (a) Melbourne
  2. (b) Kolkata
  3. (c) London
  4. (d) Sydney
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Melbourne

The first Limited Overs International (LOI) cricket match was played on 5 January 1971 at the Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG) between Australia and England. It was organised as a substitute after the third Test was washed out.
(b) Incorrect: Kolkata has not hosted the first Limited Overs International cricket match.
(c) Incorrect: London was not the venue for the first Limited Overs International match; it was Melbourne, Australia.
(d) Incorrect: Sydney was not the venue for the first Limited Overs International match.
Music and Musical Instruments · Folk music and songs by state

Q8. Which folk music form is associated with devotional songs in praise of deities?

  1. (a) Qawwali
  2. (b) Dandiya
  3. (c) Bhajan
  4. (d) Baul
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Bhajan

Bhajans are Hindu devotional songs sung in praise of deities like Vishnu, Krishna, Rama, Shiva, and Devi. They are a form of folk and classical music forming an integral part of Indian religious and spiritual culture.
(a) Incorrect: Qawwali is a form of Sufi Islamic devotional music associated with shrines (dargahs), not specifically Hindu deities.
(b) Incorrect: Dandiya is a stick dance form performed during Navaratri, not a devotional singing form in praise of deities.
(d) Incorrect: Baul is a mystical folk music tradition from Bengal with spiritual themes but is not specifically associated with praise of Hindu deities.
Space, Defence and Technology · Evacuation and humanitarian relief operations

Q9. The Silkyara-Barkot tunnel, which was in the news due to a major rescue operation, is located in which state?

  1. (a) Himachal Pradesh
  2. (b) Uttarakhand
  3. (c) Arunachal Pradesh
  4. (d) Sikkim
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Uttarakhand

The Silkyara-Barkot tunnel is located in Uttarkashi district of Uttarakhand. It gained national attention in November 2023 when 41 workers were trapped inside during construction and were rescued after 17 days in a dramatic multi-agency operation.
(a) Incorrect: Himachal Pradesh does not host the Silkyara-Barkot tunnel; this tunnel is part of the Char Dham highway project in Uttarakhand.
(c) Incorrect: Arunachal Pradesh is in northeast India and is not associated with the Silkyara-Barkot tunnel.
(d) Incorrect: Sikkim does not host this tunnel; the Silkyara-Barkot tunnel is specifically in Uttarkashi, Uttarakhand.
Dances · Folk dances by state

Q10. 'Mayurbhanj Chhau' is a classical martial folk dance. Which Indian state is known for this dance, combining storytelling with vigorous movements?

  1. (a) Odisha
  2. (b) West Bengal
  3. (c) Jharkhand
  4. (d) Maharashtra
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Odisha

Mayurbhanj Chhau is a martial folk dance from Mayurbhanj district of Odisha. Unlike the Seraikella and Purulia forms of Chhau, the Mayurbhanj style is performed without masks and combines martial movements with storytelling about Hindu epics and mythology.
(b) Incorrect: West Bengal has its own form called Purulia Chhau performed with elaborate masks, but Mayurbhanj Chhau belongs to Odisha.
(c) Incorrect: Jharkhand has Seraikella Chhau, another form of this dance, but Mayurbhanj Chhau is specific to Odisha.
(d) Incorrect: Maharashtra does not have a tradition of Chhau dance; it is specific to the border regions of Odisha, Jharkhand, and West Bengal.
Books and Authors · International books and authors

Q11. The Night Circus, a fantasy novel about magical competitions and romance, was authored by whom?

  1. (a) Erin Morgenstern
  2. (b) J.K. Rowling
  3. (c) Philip Pullman
  4. (d) Neil Gaiman
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Erin Morgenstern

'The Night Circus' (2011) was written by American author Erin Morgenstern. The novel is set in a mysterious black-and-white circus that only appears at night, featuring two young magicians competing in a magical duel.
(b) Incorrect: J.K. Rowling is the author of the Harry Potter series, not 'The Night Circus.'
(c) Incorrect: Philip Pullman is known for 'His Dark Materials' trilogy (The Golden Compass, etc.), not 'The Night Circus.'
(d) Incorrect: Neil Gaiman is known for 'American Gods,' 'Good Omens,' and 'Coraline,' but not 'The Night Circus.'
Sports · Other sports and tournaments (tennis, chess, badminton, etc.)

Q12. The 2021 National Kabaddi Championships for men aimed to promote Kabaddi at the national level. Which venue hosted this championship?

  1. (a) Ayodhya
  2. (b) Jaipur
  3. (c) Rohtak
  4. (d) Hyderabad
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Ayodhya

The 2021 National Kabaddi Championship (Senior Men) was hosted in Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh. The championship is organized by the Amateur Kabaddi Federation of India (AKFI) to promote the sport at the national level.
(b) Incorrect: Jaipur did not host the 2021 National Kabaddi Championship for men.
(c) Incorrect: Rohtak, known as the 'City of Wrestlers,' is associated with wrestling sports, not the 2021 Kabaddi Championship.
(d) Incorrect: Hyderabad did not host the 2021 National Kabaddi Championship for men.
Organisations and Headquarters · Indian organisations and headquarters

Q13. The 'Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF) Act, 2023' was passed to create a new body for?

  1. (a) Funding scientific research
  2. (b) Building new roads
  3. (c) Regulating sports
  4. (d) Controlling the media
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Funding scientific research

The Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF) Act, 2023 was enacted to establish the ANRF, which aims to fund, coordinate, and promote research and development in science and technology across India's universities, colleges, and research institutions.
(b) Incorrect: Building roads is the domain of the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways and NHAI, not the ANRF.
(c) Incorrect: Regulating sports falls under the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports and respective sports federations, not the ANRF.
(d) Incorrect: Controlling media is handled by regulatory bodies like the Press Council and MIB, not the Anusandhan National Research Foundation.
Sports · Sports bodies and headquarters

Q14. The Asian Football Confederation (AFC), which governs football across Asia and Oceania, has its headquarters in which city?

  1. (a) Kuala Lumpur
  2. (b) Doha
  3. (c) Tokyo
  4. (d) Jakarta
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Kuala Lumpur

The Asian Football Confederation (AFC) has its headquarters in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The AFC governs football across Asia and Australia (Oceania) with 47 member associations.
(b) Incorrect: Doha (Qatar) is known for hosting the FIFA World Cup 2022 but is not the headquarters of the AFC.
(c) Incorrect: Tokyo (Japan) is not the headquarters of the AFC; Japan is an AFC member country but the HQ is in Malaysia.
(d) Incorrect: Jakarta (Indonesia) is not the home of AFC headquarters; the organization is based in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Ancient History (1)

Vedic Period · Vedic literature (Vedas, Brahmanas, Aranyakas, Upanishads)

Q15. Which Veda is known as the 'Book of Chants' and is the origin of Indian music?

  1. (a) Rigveda
  2. (b) Samaveda
  3. (c) Yajurveda
  4. (d) Atharvaveda
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Samaveda

The Samaveda is known as the 'Book of Chants' or 'Veda of Melodies'. It contains hymns meant to be sung during religious ceremonies and is considered the origin of Indian classical music.
(a) Incorrect: Rigveda is the oldest of the four Vedas and consists of hymns in praise of gods.
(c) Incorrect: Yajurveda contains prose mantras for rituals and sacrificial rites.
(d) Incorrect: Atharvaveda contains hymns, spells and incantations and deals with everyday life.

Medieval History (2)

Delhi Sultanate · Slave (Mamluk) dynasty

Q16. Which Delhi Sultan introduced the Persian customs of 'Sijda' (prostration) and 'Paibos' (kissing the feet)?

  1. (a) Iltutmish
  2. (b) Alauddin Khalji
  3. (c) Muhammad bin Tughlaq
  4. (d) Ghiyasuddin Balban
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Ghiyasuddin Balban

Ghiyasuddin Balban (1266-1287) introduced the Persian court practices of Sijda (prostration before the king) and Paibos (kissing the king's feet) to establish his divine status and reinforce absolute authority.
(a) Incorrect: Iltutmish organized the Delhi Sultanate but did not introduce Sijda and Paibos.
(b) Incorrect: Alauddin Khalji is known for market reforms and military expansion, not these court rituals.
(c) Incorrect: Muhammad bin Tughlaq is known for controversial policies like shifting the capital, not Sijda and Paibos.
Mughal Empire · Mughal administration (mansabdari, zabt)

Q17. What was the primary purpose of the Mansabdari system under Akbar?

  1. (a) To establish control over the southern kingdoms.
  2. (b) To organize the military and nobility for efficient administration.
  3. (c) To encourage the formation of private armies.
  4. (d) To facilitate foreign trade and commerce.
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) To organize the military and nobility for efficient administration.

The Mansabdari system introduced by Akbar was a hierarchical rank system that organized both the military and civil administration. Every officer (mansabdar) held a rank (mansab) determining his salary and the number of cavalry he had to maintain, ensuring efficient administration of the Mughal Empire.
(a) Incorrect: Control over southern kingdoms was achieved through military campaigns, not specifically through the Mansabdari system.
(c) Incorrect: The Mansabdari system was designed to control and integrate nobility under central authority — the opposite of encouraging private armies.
(d) Incorrect: Foreign trade and commerce were managed through other means; the Mansabdari system focused on organizing military and administrative hierarchy.

Economics (13)

Public Finance - Budget and Taxation · Revenue and capital receipts and expenditure

Q18. Money that the government spends on day-to-day running, like paying salaries and pensions, is called?

  1. (a) Revenue Expenditure
  2. (b) Capital Expenditure
  3. (c) Investment
  4. (d) Deficit
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Revenue Expenditure

Revenue Expenditure refers to government spending on day-to-day operations such as paying salaries, pensions, interest on debt, and subsidies. It does not create assets and is met from revenue receipts.
(b) Incorrect: Capital Expenditure is spending on creating or acquiring long-term assets like infrastructure, buildings, and machinery.
(c) Incorrect: Investment refers to funds allocated to create wealth or income-generating assets, distinct from routine operational spending.
(d) Incorrect: Deficit refers to the shortfall between government revenues and expenditures, not a type of spending itself.
Basic Concepts and Economic Systems · Demand, supply and elasticity

Q19. The 'Law of Demand' states that when the price of a good increases, what happens to the quantity demanded?

  1. (a) It increases
  2. (b) It decreases
  3. (c) It stays the same
  4. (d) It becomes zero
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) It decreases

The Law of Demand states that there is an inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded. When the price of a good increases, consumers tend to buy less of it, so the quantity demanded decreases.
(a) Incorrect: Demand does not increase when price increases — this would describe a Giffen good, which is an exception, not the general law.
(c) Incorrect: Demand does not stay the same; it falls as prices rise under normal circumstances.
(d) Incorrect: Demand becoming zero would only occur at extremely high prices, not as a general rule.
Money and Banking · Monetary policy tools (repo, reverse repo, CRR, SLR, MSF, bank rate)

Q20. What is the rate at which the RBI borrows money from commercial banks called?

  1. (a) Repo Rate
  2. (b) Fiscal Rate
  3. (c) Reverse Repo Rate
  4. (d) Inflation Rate
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Reverse Repo Rate

The Reverse Repo Rate is the rate at which the Reserve Bank of India borrows money from commercial banks for short periods. It is a monetary policy tool used by the RBI to absorb excess liquidity from the banking system.
(a) Incorrect: Repo Rate is the rate at which the RBI lends money to commercial banks (the opposite direction).
(b) Incorrect: Fiscal Rate is not a standard monetary policy term; it relates to fiscal policy, not RBI borrowing.
(d) Incorrect: Inflation Rate refers to the rate at which prices rise in an economy, not an RBI borrowing rate.
Agriculture and Food Security · Green Revolution and other agricultural revolutions

Q21. What is the 'Blue Revolution' in India associated with?

  1. (a) Milk production
  2. (b) Egg production
  3. (c) Fish and aquaculture production
  4. (d) Oilseed production
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Fish and aquaculture production

The Blue Revolution (Neel Kranti) in India refers to initiatives to increase fish production and aquaculture development. It aims to double fish production and increase fishermen's incomes through sustainable practices.
(a) Incorrect: Milk production is associated with the White Revolution (Operation Flood).
(b) Incorrect: Egg production falls under poultry development, not the Blue Revolution.
(d) Incorrect: Oilseed production is associated with the Yellow Revolution.
Planning and NITI Aayog · Five-Year Plans - objectives and models

Q22. The 'Seventh Five-Year Plan' (1985-1990) was the last plan before what major event?

  1. (a) The Green Revolution
  2. (b) The bank nationalization
  3. (c) The 1991 Economic Reforms
  4. (d) The creation of NITI Aayog
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) The 1991 Economic Reforms

The Seventh Five-Year Plan (1985-1990) was the last before the major economic crisis and subsequent liberalization reforms of 1991. The 1991 Economic Reforms, led by Finance Minister Manmohan Singh, opened India's economy to foreign investment and privatization.
(a) Incorrect: The Green Revolution occurred in the 1960s-70s, well before the Seventh Plan.
(b) Incorrect: Bank nationalization happened in 1969, before the Seventh Five-Year Plan.
(d) Incorrect: NITI Aayog was created in 2015, long after the Seventh Plan ended.
Industry and Infrastructure · Public sector undertakings (Maharatna, Navratna, Miniratna)

Q23. The 'Coal Mines (Nationalisation) Act' was passed in which year, bringing the coal sector under government control?

  1. (a) 1956
  2. (b) 1969
  3. (c) 1973
  4. (d) 1991
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) 1973

The Coal Mines (Nationalisation) Act was enacted in 1973, bringing all coal mines in India under government control. This was done to ensure systematic and scientific development of coal reserves for national benefit.
(a) Incorrect: 1956 was the year of the Industrial Policy Resolution and nationalization of the life insurance sector, not coal mines.
(b) Incorrect: 1969 saw the nationalization of 14 major banks, not coal mines.
(d) Incorrect: 1991 was the year of economic liberalization reforms, not coal mine nationalization.
Financial Markets and Institutions · SEBI and stock exchanges

Q24. The 'Securities and Exchange Board of India' (SEBI) was initially set up as a non-statutory body in which year?

  1. (a) 1988
  2. (b) 1992
  3. (c) 1995
  4. (d) 2000
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) 1988

SEBI (Securities and Exchange Board of India) was first set up as a non-statutory body in 1988 through a government resolution. It was later given statutory powers through the SEBI Act, 1992.
(b) Incorrect: 1992 is when SEBI became a statutory body through the SEBI Act, not when it was set up as a non-statutory body.
(c) Incorrect: 1995 has no significance in SEBI's establishment history.
(d) Incorrect: 2000 saw the introduction of Internet trading through SEBI regulations, but SEBI was not established then.
Poverty, Unemployment and Human Development · Population and demographic dividend

Q25. The 'Family Planning Programme' to control population growth was introduced by the Government of India in which year?

  1. (a) 1947
  2. (b) 1950
  3. (c) 1952
  4. (d) 1961
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) 1952

India launched the National Family Planning Programme in 1952, becoming the first country in the world to have a government-sponsored family planning program. It aimed to control population growth through education and contraception.
(a) Incorrect: 1947 was the year of India's independence; the Family Planning Programme was not launched then.
(b) Incorrect: 1950 was when the Indian Constitution came into effect, not when the Family Planning Programme began.
(d) Incorrect: 1961 was the year of the third census of independent India, not the launch of the Family Planning Programme.
Industry and Infrastructure · LPG reforms of 1991

Q26. Who was the Finance Minister of India credited as the architect of the 1991 reforms?

  1. (a) P. Chidambaram
  2. (b) Yashwant Sinha
  3. (c) Manmohan Singh
  4. (d) Pranab Mukherjee
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Manmohan Singh

Dr. Manmohan Singh, as Finance Minister of India in 1991 under Prime Minister P. V. Narasimha Rao, introduced landmark economic reforms that liberalized India's economy and moved away from the License Raj. He is widely regarded as the architect of the 1991 reforms.
(a) Incorrect: P. Chidambaram served as Finance Minister in later years (1996-98, 2004-08, 2012-14), not during the 1991 reforms.
(b) Incorrect: Yashwant Sinha served as Finance Minister under the BJP government in 1998-2002, not in 1991.
(d) Incorrect: Pranab Mukherjee served as Finance Minister in 1982-84 and 2009-12 and later became President, but was not associated with the 1991 reforms.
Industry and Infrastructure · LPG reforms of 1991

Q27. To get an emergency loan in 1991, India had to approach which international organization?

  1. (a) United Nations (UN)
  2. (b) International Monetary Fund (IMF)
  3. (c) World Trade Organization (WTO)
  4. (d) SAARC
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) International Monetary Fund (IMF)

During the severe balance of payments crisis of 1991, India approached the International Monetary Fund (IMF) for emergency loans. India also pledged 67 tonnes of gold as collateral to secure foreign exchange.
(a) Incorrect: The United Nations (UN) is a political and humanitarian organization; it does not provide emergency balance-of-payments loans.
(c) Incorrect: The World Trade Organization (WTO) governs international trade rules but does not provide emergency loans.
(d) Incorrect: SAARC is a regional cooperation organization with no financial lending capacity for balance-of-payments crises.
Government Schemes and Economic Reports · Tourism and culture schemes

Q28. The 48 projects sanctioned under the PRASHAD Scheme cover how many States and Union Territories?

  1. (a) 15 States/UTs
  2. (b) 20 States/UTs
  3. (c) 27 States/UTs
  4. (d) 33 States/UTs
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) 27 States/UTs

Under the PRASHAD (Pilgrimage Rejuvenation and Spiritual, Heritage Augmentation Drive) Scheme of the Ministry of Tourism, the 48 sanctioned projects cover 27 States and Union Territories. The scheme focuses on developing infrastructure at major pilgrimage sites.
(a) Incorrect: 15 States/UTs is an undercount; the PRASHAD Scheme's 48 projects span 27 States and UTs.
(b) Incorrect: 20 States/UTs is also lower than the actual coverage of the scheme.
(d) Incorrect: 33 States/UTs exceeds the actual number; the correct figure is 27 States and UTs.
Government Schemes and Economic Reports · Financial inclusion schemes (PMJDY, PMJJBY, PMSBY, APY)

Q29. The MUDRA Yojana provides credit support mainly for:

  1. (a) Mega industrial parks
  2. (b) Micro and small enterprises
  3. (c) Agricultural crop loans
  4. (d) Tourism development projects
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Micro and small enterprises

The Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana (PMMY) provides collateral-free loans to non-corporate, non-farm small/micro enterprises through banks, NBFCs, and MFIs. Loans range from Rs. 50,000 (Shishu) to Rs. 10 lakh (Tarun) to help entrepreneurs at different stages of growth.
(a) Incorrect: Mega industrial parks are funded by large-scale government infrastructure schemes, not MUDRA Yojana.
(c) Incorrect: Agricultural crop loans are covered under separate schemes like Kisan Credit Card, not MUDRA Yojana.
(d) Incorrect: Tourism development projects are supported by Ministry of Tourism schemes like PRASHAD, not MUDRA Yojana.
External Sector and International Economic Organisations · Economic groupings (BRICS, G20, ASEAN)

Q30. Where was the first BRIC summit held in 2009?

  1. (a) Moscow
  2. (b) Beijing
  3. (c) Yekaterinburg
  4. (d) New Delhi
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Yekaterinburg

The first BRIC summit was held in Yekaterinburg, Russia on 16 June 2009. BRIC (later BRICS after South Africa joined in 2010) consisted of Brazil, Russia, India, and China. Russia hosted this inaugural summit.
(a) Incorrect: Moscow, though Russia's capital, was not the venue; the summit was held in Yekaterinburg.
(b) Incorrect: Beijing, China was not the location; the first BRIC summit was hosted by Russia in Yekaterinburg.
(d) Incorrect: New Delhi did not host the first BRIC summit; India hosted a BRICS summit later in 2012.

Geography (7)

India - Agriculture · Cropping seasons (kharif, rabi, zaid)

Q31. What is the main cropping season in India that starts with the onset of the monsoon (June-July) and includes rice?

  1. (a) Rabi
  2. (b) Kharif
  3. (c) Zaid
  4. (d) Winter
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Kharif

Kharif crops are sown at the beginning of the monsoon season (June-July) and harvested around September-October. Rice, maize, cotton, sugarcane, and jowar are important Kharif crops.
(a) Incorrect: Rabi crops are winter crops, sown around October-November and harvested in March-April. Examples include wheat, barley, and mustard.
(c) Incorrect: Zaid crops are grown between March and June in a short summer season between Rabi and Kharif.
(d) Incorrect: Winter is not a standard name for any Indian cropping season; it overlaps with the Rabi season.
India - Transport and Communication · Expressways and corridors

Q32. The 'East-West Corridor' of the North-South and East-West Corridor project connects which two cities?

  1. (a) Mumbai to Kolkata
  2. (b) Porbandar (Gujarat) to Silchar (Assam)
  3. (c) Jammu to Kanyakumari
  4. (d) Surat to Paradip
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Porbandar (Gujarat) to Silchar (Assam)

The East-West Corridor runs from Porbandar in Gujarat to Silchar in Assam, covering about 3,640 km, connecting India's eastern and western extremities under the National Highway Development Project.
(a) Incorrect: Mumbai to Kolkata is a section of the Golden Quadrilateral, not the East-West Corridor specifically.
(c) Incorrect: Jammu to Kanyakumari is along a north-south axis; the East-West Corridor runs east to west.
(d) Incorrect: Surat to Paradip is not one of the designated corridors under the National Highway Development Project.
India - Drainage System · Lakes of India

Q33. 'Lonar Lake', a crater lake created by a meteorite impact, is located in which state?

  1. (a) Maharashtra
  2. (b) Rajasthan
  3. (c) Madhya Pradesh
  4. (d) Gujarat
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Maharashtra

Lonar Lake is a saline, soda lake in Buldhana district of Maharashtra. It was formed approximately 50,000 years ago due to a meteorite impact and is one of only four known hyper-velocity impact craters in basaltic rock in the world.
(b) Incorrect: Rajasthan is known for desert lakes like Sambhar Lake, not a meteorite-impact crater lake.
(c) Incorrect: Madhya Pradesh has other notable lakes like Upper Lake in Bhopal, but not the Lonar crater lake.
(d) Incorrect: Gujarat is known for coastal features and the Rann of Kutch, not the Lonar crater lake.
India - Drainage System · River origins and lengths

Q34. The River Ganga, in its origin state, is known by what name when it emerges from the Gangotri glacier?

  1. (a) Alaknanda
  2. (b) Mandakini
  3. (c) Bhagirathi
  4. (d) Ganga
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Bhagirathi

When the Ganga emerges from the Gangotri glacier at Gomukh in Uttarakhand, it is called the Bhagirathi. The river later merges with the Alaknanda at Devprayag to form the main Ganga.
(a) Incorrect: Alaknanda is a tributary originating from Satopanth glacier, not from Gangotri.
(b) Incorrect: Mandakini is a river that flows through Kedarnath and Rudraprayag; it is not associated with Gangotri glacier.
(d) Incorrect: The name 'Ganga' applies only after the confluence of Bhagirathi and Alaknanda at Devprayag.
India - Population and Census · Census 2011 - population and growth

Q35. What specific characteristic of the Indian population is defined by individuals generally grouped in the age range of 10 to 19 years?

  1. (a) Adult
  2. (b) Elderly
  3. (c) Adolescent
  4. (d) Infant
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Adolescent

As per the WHO and Indian demographic classifications, individuals in the age group of 10 to 19 years are defined as 'Adolescents'. This group undergoes significant physical, psychological, and social changes during puberty and early teenage years.
(a) Incorrect: Adults are typically defined as individuals aged 18 years and above in legal contexts.
(b) Incorrect: Elderly refers to older persons, generally classified as those above 60 or 65 years of age.
(d) Incorrect: Infants are children in the earliest period of life, typically from birth to 12 months.
Environment and Protected Areas · Elephant reserves and other conservation projects

Q36. 'Project RE-HAB' was first launched as a pilot project in which state?

  1. (a) Assam
  2. (b) Karnataka
  3. (c) Odisha
  4. (d) Uttarakhand
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Karnataka

Project RE-HAB (Reducing Elephant-Human Attacks using Bees) was first launched as a pilot project in Karnataka by the Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC). The project uses bee boxes around forest boundaries to deter elephants from entering human settlements.
(a) Incorrect: Assam has issues with human-elephant conflict but was not the state where Project RE-HAB was first piloted.
(c) Incorrect: Odisha does have elephant corridors but was not the launch state for Project RE-HAB.
(d) Incorrect: Uttarakhand was not the location of the pilot launch of Project RE-HAB.
India - Population and Census · Literacy rate

Q37. As per the 2011 Census, what is the definition of a 'literate' person?

  1. (a) Anyone who can sign their name
  2. (b) Age 7 and above, who can read and write in any language
  3. (c) Age 5 and above, who can read in one language
  4. (d) Anyone with a formal school education
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Age 7 and above, who can read and write in any language

As per the 2011 Census of India, a person aged 7 years and above who can both read and write with understanding in any language is defined as 'literate'. This definition excludes those who can only read or only sign their name.
(a) Incorrect: The ability to sign one's name does not qualify as literacy under the 2011 Census definition, which requires both reading and writing ability.
(c) Incorrect: The literacy definition applies to those aged 7 and above, not 5 and above; and requires ability to both read and write.
(d) Incorrect: Having formal school education is not required; a self-taught person who can read and write is also considered literate.

Current Affairs (3)

Reports, Indices and Rankings · Global indices and India's rank

Q38. According to the Global Innovation Index (GII) 2025, how many economies are classified as 'innovation overperformers'?

  1. (a) 10
  2. (b) 12
  3. (c) 17
  4. (d) 25
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) 17

According to the Global Innovation Index (GII) 2025, 17 economies have been identified as innovation overperformers — countries that perform better than what their level of economic development would predict.
(a) Incorrect: 10 economies is an underestimate; the actual number of overperformers identified is 17.
(b) Incorrect: 12 economies is not the correct number mentioned in the GII 2025 report for innovation overperformers.
(d) Incorrect: 25 economies overstates the number; the GII 2025 identifies 17 economies in this category.
Appointments and Resignations · National appointments

Q39. Who became Chief Secretary of Uttar Pradesh in July 2025?

  1. (a) Shashi Prakash Goyal
  2. (b) Arvind Kumar Sharma
  3. (c) Durga Shankar Mishra
  4. (d) Rajendra Kumar Tiwari
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Shashi Prakash Goyal

Shashi Prakash Goyal, an IAS officer from the 1988 batch, was appointed as the Chief Secretary of Uttar Pradesh in July 2025. He is a senior bureaucrat who served in various key positions before this appointment.
(b) Incorrect: Arvind Kumar Sharma served in other capacities but was not the Chief Secretary of UP in July 2025.
(c) Incorrect: Durga Shankar Mishra served as Chief Secretary of Uttar Pradesh at an earlier period, not in July 2025.
(d) Incorrect: Rajendra Kumar Tiwari is a senior IAS officer but did not become Chief Secretary of UP in July 2025.
National Affairs and Government Initiatives · New government schemes and missions

Q40. What is the typical duration of internships offered under the PM Internship Scheme?

  1. (a) 3 months
  2. (b) 6 months
  3. (c) 12 months
  4. (d) 24 months
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) 12 months

Under the PM Internship Scheme launched by the Government of India, internships are offered for a duration of 12 months. The scheme aims to provide practical work experience to young people in top companies across India.
(a) Incorrect: 3 months is not the duration specified under the PM Internship Scheme; the scheme is designed for a full year.
(b) Incorrect: 6 months is not the designated duration; the PM Internship Scheme runs for 12 months.
(d) Incorrect: 24 months is too long; the scheme is specifically designed for a 12-month internship period.

Modern History (4)

Socio-Religious Reform Movements · Social reform laws (sati, widow remarriage, child marriage)

Q41. The 'Child Marriage Restraint Act' of 1929, which fixed the marriage age for girls at 14 and boys at 18, is popularly known as the?

  1. (a) Sati Prevention Act
  2. (b) Widow Remarriage Act
  3. (c) Sharda Act
  4. (d) Age of Consent Act
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Sharda Act

The Child Marriage Restraint Act, 1929 is popularly known as the Sharda Act, named after Harbilas Sarda, the Hindu Mahasabha member who introduced the bill. It set the minimum marriage age at 14 for girls and 18 for boys.
(a) Incorrect: The Sati Prevention Act was enacted in 1987 to prevent the practice of widow immolation, not child marriage.
(b) Incorrect: The Widow Remarriage Act (Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act, 1856) allowed Hindu widows to remarry, unrelated to child marriage.
(d) Incorrect: The Age of Consent Act, 1891 raised the age of consent for sexual intercourse, not a child marriage restraint act.
Swadeshi, Revolutionaries and Home Rule · Muslim League and Morley-Minto Reforms

Q42. Who presided over the 'Allahabad Session' of the Muslim League that demanded Pakistan in 1930?

  1. (a) Muhammad Ali Jinnah
  2. (b) Aga Khan
  3. (c) Allama Iqbal
  4. (d) Khwaja Nazimuddin
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Allama Iqbal

Allama Iqbal presided over the historic Allahabad Session of the All India Muslim League in 1930, where he put forth the idea of a separate Muslim homeland in northwestern India. This is considered the intellectual foundation for the demand for Pakistan.
(a) Incorrect: Muhammad Ali Jinnah was not the president of the 1930 Allahabad session; he became the prominent League leader later.
(b) Incorrect: Aga Khan presided over earlier sessions of the Muslim League but not the 1930 Allahabad session.
(d) Incorrect: Khwaja Nazimuddin was a politician from Bengal who later became Prime Minister of Pakistan, not the president of the 1930 Allahabad session.
British Administration and Policies · Constitutional Acts under British rule

Q43. Which reform first introduced the principle of 'separate electorates' (for Muslims), also known as communal representation?

  1. (a) Morley-Minto Reforms (1909)
  2. (b) Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms (1919)
  3. (c) Government of India Act, 1935
  4. (d) Simon Commission
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Morley-Minto Reforms (1909)

The Morley-Minto Reforms (Indian Councils Act, 1909) introduced the principle of separate electorates for Muslims for the first time, allowing Muslim voters to elect Muslim representatives to legislative councils. This is widely seen as a major step toward communal politics in British India.
(b) Incorrect: Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms (1919) introduced dyarchy and expanded legislative councils but built on the communal electorates already established by 1909.
(c) Incorrect: The Government of India Act, 1935 further expanded provincial autonomy but built on the communal electorates already introduced in 1909.
(d) Incorrect: The Simon Commission was a fact-finding committee that submitted a report in 1930 but did not itself introduce separate electorates.
Gandhian Era · Civil Disobedience Movement and Dandi March

Q44. What did Mahatma Gandhi and his followers do at Dandi to break the salt law?

  1. (a) Smuggled salt from neighboring countries
  2. (b) Boiled sea water to produce salt
  3. (c) Manufactured salt in factories
  4. (d) Bought salt from local markets
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Boiled sea water to produce salt

During the Dandi March (Salt March) in March-April 1930, Mahatma Gandhi and his followers walked 241 miles to the coastal village of Dandi in Gujarat, where they boiled sea water to make salt, breaking the British Salt Act of 1882 which prohibited Indians from making salt.
(a) Incorrect: Gandhi and his followers made salt from seawater at Dandi; they did not smuggle salt from neighboring countries.
(c) Incorrect: Salt was made directly from seawater at the seashore, not manufactured in factories.
(d) Incorrect: Buying salt from markets would have complied with British law; the protest was about making salt illegally to challenge the British monopoly.

Polity (4)

Constitutional Development and Making · Borrowed features - sources of the Constitution

Q45. Which of the following is not a feature of the Indian Constitution borrowed from the British system?

  1. (a) Parliamentary government
  2. (b) Rule of Law
  3. (c) Cabinet responsibility
  4. (d) Fundamental Duties
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Fundamental Duties

Fundamental Duties were incorporated through the 42nd Constitutional Amendment in 1976 and were inspired by the Soviet (USSR) constitution, not the British system. Features like Parliamentary government, Rule of Law, and Cabinet responsibility are all borrowed from Britain.
(a) Incorrect: Parliamentary government (Cabinet system with PM as head) is indeed borrowed from Britain.
(b) Incorrect: Rule of Law is a concept taken from the British constitution and Dicey's writings.
(c) Incorrect: Cabinet responsibility (collective responsibility to Parliament) is borrowed from the British system.
Constitutional Development and Making · Borrowed features - sources of the Constitution

Q46. Office of CAG was brought to our constitution from which of the following country?

  1. (a) Britain
  2. (b) Australia
  3. (c) Canada
  4. (d) USA
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Britain

The office of the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India was borrowed from Britain. The CAG is the supreme audit institution of India, responsible for auditing the accounts of the Union and State governments.
(b) Incorrect: Australia contributed features like the Concurrent List; the CAG model came from Britain.
(c) Incorrect: Canada contributed the concept of a strong Centre with residuary powers, not the CAG office.
(d) Incorrect: The USA contributed features like fundamental rights and judicial review; the CAG concept is British.
Parliament · Speaker and Deputy Speaker

Q47. Who presided over the 18th Lok Sabha as the Speaker in 2025?

  1. (a) Om Birla
  2. (b) Meenakshi Lekhi
  3. (c) Kiren Rijiju
  4. (d) Rajnath Singh
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Om Birla

Om Birla is the Speaker of the 18th Lok Sabha, elected in 2024, and presided over the Lok Sabha's proceedings in 2025. He represents the Kota constituency in Rajasthan as a BJP Member of Parliament.
(b) Incorrect: Meenakshi Lekhi is a BJP politician who served as a Minister of State, not the Speaker of the 18th Lok Sabha.
(c) Incorrect: Kiren Rijiju served as the Minister of Parliamentary Affairs and Law, not as the Lok Sabha Speaker.
(d) Incorrect: Rajnath Singh is the Defence Minister of India, not the Speaker of the Lok Sabha.
Constitutional and Non-Constitutional Bodies · Inter-State Council and Zonal Councils

Q48. Under which Article is the Inter-State Council established to promote coordination between the Union and States and resolve inter-governmental disputes?

  1. (a) 262
  2. (b) 263
  3. (c) 280
  4. (d) 312
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) 263

Article 263 of the Indian Constitution provides for the establishment of an Inter-State Council by the President to promote coordination between the Union and States and investigate disputes between States. The Inter-State Council was established in 1990.
(a) Incorrect: Article 262 relates to the adjudication of disputes relating to the use of inter-state rivers and river valleys.
(c) Incorrect: Article 280 provides for the constitution of the Finance Commission to make recommendations on financial matters.
(d) Incorrect: Article 312 provides for the creation of All India Services common to both the Union and States.
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