National Symbols, Firsts and Superlatives PYQs – Static GK, SSC & Railway

Answer: Option 3 — No sport has been officially designated as India's national sport
In a 2020 RTI reply the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports stated that the Government has not declared any game as the national game, because its aim is to promote all popular sports equally.
Hockey's "national game" tag is popular usage born of its eight Olympic golds, not a legal status.
Revision note — Hockey and India's national symbols
• The same clarification was first given in 2012, in reply to an RTI filed by a 10-year-old schoolgirl, Aishwarya Parashar of Lucknow.
• India won hockey gold at six successive Olympics, 1928–1956, and again in 1964 (Tokyo) and 1980 (Moscow) — eight golds in all.
• Major Dhyan Chand, the Wizard of Hockey, was born on 29 August 1905; the date is National Sports Day, and the Khel Ratna was renamed the Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna in 2021.
• The men's team took Olympic bronze at Tokyo 2020 and Paris 2024, ending a 41-year medal drought.
• Hockey in India is governed by Hockey India (2009); the world body is the FIH, headquartered at Lausanne, Switzerland.
• India's declared national symbols are the Tiger, Peacock, Lotus, Banyan, Mango, Ganga and Elephant (heritage animal) — there is no national game.
Do not mix these up
• National game vs national sports day — India has no official national game, but it does observe National Sports Day on 29 August.
• Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna vs Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna — the same award, renamed in August 2021.
Also asked from this topic: the Wizard of Hockey (Dhyan Chand); the year of India's last men's hockey Olympic gold (1980, Moscow); the sport governed by Hockey India (hockey).

Answer: Option 2 — Sucheta Kriplani
Sucheta Kriplani took charge as Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh on 2 October 1963 and served till 1967.
She was the first woman to head any Indian state.
Revision note — Sucheta Kriplani and India's women 'firsts'
• Born Sucheta Mazumdar in 1908 at Ambala; she married the Congress leader Acharya J. B. Kripalani.
• She was active in the Quit India Movement of 1942 and worked with Mahatma Gandhi during the Noakhali riots of 1946-47.
• A member of the Constituent Assembly, she sang Vande Mataram in the House on the night of 14-15 August 1947, just before Nehru's "Tryst with Destiny" speech.
• First woman Chief Minister — Sucheta Kriplani (Uttar Pradesh, 1963). First woman Governor — Sarojini Naidu (United Provinces, 1947).
• First woman President of India — Pratibha Patil (2007); first woman Prime Minister — Indira Gandhi (1966).
• First woman President of the Indian National Congress — Annie Besant (1917); first Indian woman to hold it — Sarojini Naidu (1925).
• Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay led India's handicrafts and handloom revival and was among the first Indian women arrested in the salt satyagraha.
• Srimanta Sankardeva was the 15th-century Assamese Bhakti saint who founded the Ekasarana Dharma and the sattra monasteries.
Do not mix these up
• Sucheta Kriplani vs Sarojini Naidu — Kriplani was the first woman Chief Minister (UP, 1963); Naidu was the first woman Governor of an Indian state (UP, 1947).
• Sucheta Kriplani vs Indira Gandhi — Kriplani headed a state in 1963; Indira Gandhi became Prime Minister of India in 1966.
Also asked from this topic: the first woman Chief Minister of any state in India (Sucheta Kriplani); the state she headed and the date she took charge (Uttar Pradesh, 2 October 1963).

India's Largest Shipbuilding Facility (Jan 2025)
Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL)- Kerala
• Largest shipbuilding capacity in India
• Can build vessels up to 110,000 DWT
• Built India's first indigenous aircraft carrier INS Vikrant
• Has India's largest drydock facility
Answer: Option 2 → Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL)

Correct Answer: National Institute of Animal Biotechnology — Option (a)
India's first animal stem cell (stem cell) biobank was inaugurated at the National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Hyderabad. About NIAB Stem Cell Biobank: India's first Animal Stem Cell Biobank was established at the National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB) in Hyderabad; The biobank stores stem cells from various animal species — including livestock and endangered species; About NIAB: Full name: National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB); Location: Hyderabad, Telangana; It is a constituent laboratory of CSIR (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research) under the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR), Ministry of Science and Technology; Founded: 2010 (relatively new CSIR lab); Focus areas: Animal biotechnology, genomics, transgenics, stem cell research, reproductive biotechnology, livestock improvement; Significance of Animal Stem Cell Biobank: Conservation of endangered animal species (cells can be preserved for potential future cloning/revival); Livestock improvement through stem cell technologies; Development of cell-based therapies for animals; Research into disease resistance and genetic improvement; Applications include preserving genetic material of rare/endangered animals like the Asiatic lion, Snow leopard, One-horned rhinoceros; India's animal diversity: India is one of the world's most biodiverse countries — with 91,000+ known animal species; the biobank helps in conservation of this rich heritage.
Option (b) IIT Madras — Incorrect: IIT Madras (Indian Institute of Technology, Madras/Chennai) is a premier engineering and technology institution — while it conducts research in biotechnology, India's first animal stem cell biobank was inaugurated at NIAB, Hyderabad, not at IIT Madras.
Option (c) Indian Institute of Toxicology Research — Incorrect: IITR (Indian Institute of Toxicology Research) is a CSIR laboratory in Lucknow focused on toxicology research — it is not where India's first animal stem cell biobank was established; NIAB Hyderabad is the correct institution.
Option (d) Indian Institute of Science — Incorrect: IISc (Indian Institute of Science) in Bengaluru is India's premier research university — while it conducts cutting-edge research, India's first animal stem cell biobank was inaugurated at NIAB (National Institute of Animal Biotechnology), Hyderabad.

Correct Answer: General K. M. Cariappa — Option (b)
Field Marshal Kodandera Madappa (K. M.) Cariappa was the first Indian Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Army, assuming command on January 15, 1949, when General Sir Francis Butcher (a British officer) handed over command. January 15 is now celebrated as Army Day in India to commemorate this historic transition. Cariappa served as Commander-in-Chief until January 1953. He also commanded Indian forces during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947 (Kashmir War). In 1986, he was posthumously awarded the rank of Field Marshal — the highest rank in the Indian Army — along with Sam Manekshaw, making them the only two officers to have held this rank. He passed away in 1993 at the age of 94.
Option (a) General P. N. Thapar — Incorrect: General P. N. Thapar was the 4th Chief of Army Staff (1961-62); he was not the first Indian Army Chief — that was K. M. Cariappa.
Option (c) General K. S. Thimayya — Incorrect: General K. S. Thimayya was the 3rd Chief of Army Staff (1957-61), known for his role in Indo-Pakistani War and Korean War; he was not the first Indian Army Chief.
Option (d) General S. M. Srinagesh — Incorrect: General S. M. Srinagesh was the 2nd Chief of Army Staff (1953-55); the first Indian Army Chief was K. M. Cariappa who assumed command in 1949.

Correct Answer: Siachen — Option (a)
Siachen Glacier is the longest glacier in India and the second longest glacier in the world outside the polar regions (after the Fedchenko Glacier in Tajikistan). It is approximately 70 km long and is located in the Eastern Karakoram range of the Himalayas at an elevation of approximately 5,400 metres . Siachen is the highest battlefield in the world and has been under Indian Army control since Operation Meghdoot (1984). The glacier feeds the Nubra River in Ladakh, which eventually drains into the Indus River.
Option (b) Pindari — Incorrect: Pindari Glacier is located in the Kumaon Himalayas of Uttarakhand (about 3.5 km long); it is much shorter than the Siachen Glacier.
Option (c) Gangotri — Incorrect: Gangotri Glacier in Uttarakhand (about 30 km long) is the source of the Ganges River; while significant, it is shorter than the Siachen Glacier.
Option (d) Zemu — Incorrect: Zemu Glacier in Sikkim (about 26 km long) is the largest glacier in the Eastern Himalayas but is shorter than the Siachen Glacier.

Correct Answer: Sarojini Naidu — Option (a)
Sarojini Naidu was the first woman to be appointed as Governor of an Indian state. She was appointed as the Governor of the United Provinces (now Uttar Pradesh) in 1947, serving until 1949. Sarojini Naidu (1879–1949) was also a renowned poet (known as the 'Nightingale of India'), freedom fighter, and the first Indian woman to become President of the Indian National Congress (1925). She was also the first Indian woman to be appointed to a high constitutional post in independent India.
Option (b) Indira Gandhi — Incorrect: Indira Gandhi served as Prime Minister of India (1966–77, 1980–84), not as Governor; she was not the first woman Governor.
Option (c) Sucheta Kripalani — Incorrect: Sucheta Kripalani was the first woman Chief Minister of an Indian state (Uttar Pradesh, 1963–67), not the first woman Governor.
Option (d) Vijayalakshmi Pandit — Incorrect: Vijayalakshmi Pandit was the first woman President of the UN General Assembly (1953) and served as Indian Ambassador to several countries, not the first woman Governor of an Indian state.

Atal Tunnel - World Record (February 2022)
Location: Rohtang Pass, Himachal Pradesh
Altitude: 10,040 feet (3,060 meters)
Length: 9.02 km
Recognition:Longest Highway Tunnel above 10,000 feet
Awarded by: World Book of Records (February 2022)
Connects: Manali to Lahaul-Spiti Valley
Inaugurated: October 3, 2020 by PM Modi
Answer: Option 3 → Atal Tunnel

Topic: Glaciers of India
Siachen Glacieris located in the eastern Karakoram range in the Himalayas.
It is thelongest glacier in the Karakoramat approximately 76 km.
It is thesecond longest glacier outside polar regions(after Fedchenko Glacier in Tajikistan).
Located at an average altitude of 5,400 m above sea level.
Answer: Option 3 → Siachen Glacier

Topic: First Union Finance Minister of India
RK Shanmukham Chettywas appointed as the first Finance Minister of Independent India in 1947.
He presented the first budget of Independent India on November 26, 1947.
He served from August 15, 1947 to November 1949.
Other options: Rajkumari Amrit Kaur (Health Minister), Sardar Baldev Singh (Defence Minister).
Answer: Option 4 → RK Shanmukham Chetty

The correct answer is option 4.
Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay wrote 'Vande Mataram ' in 1876. The song was first published as part of his Bengali novel Anandamath (1882) and became the rallying anthem of the Indian independence movement. It was adopted as India's National Song.
Option 1 is incorrect: Devendranath Tagore was a Brahmo Samaj reformer and father of Rabindranath Tagore; he did not write Vande Mataram .
Option 2 is incorrect: Sri Aurobindo strongly championed Vande Mataram as a freedom fighter and philosopher, but he did not write it.
Option 3 is incorrect: Shyamlal Gupta Parshad wrote 'Vijay Vishwa Tiranga Pyara' (the national flag song), not Vande Mataram .

Correct Answer: Option 3 – Baldev Singh
Sardar Baldev Singh was the first Defence Minister of independent India, serving from 1947 to 1952. He was a prominent Sikh political leader who played a key role in the independence movement and was part of India's first Cabinet under Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. He oversaw the critical early phase of building the Indian armed forces during Partition and the Kashmir conflict.
Why other options are wrong:
Option 1 (Dr. Rajendra Prasad): He was the first President of India, not the Defence Minister.
Option 2 (C. Rajagopalachari): He served as the last Governor-General of India and later as Chief Minister of Madras; not the first Defence Minister.
Option 4 (Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel): He was the first Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister of India; not the Defence Minister.

The correct answer is Radhika Menon (Option 1). Captain Radhika Menon was India's first female Merchant Navy Captain and also became the first woman in the world to receive the International Maritime Organization (IMO) Award for Exceptional Bravery at Sea in 2016, for rescuing fishermen in distress in the Bay of Bengal. Option 2 (Sheetal Devi) is a para-archer. Option 3 (Aditi Pant) was India's first woman to visit Antarctica. Option 4 (Reshma Nilofer Naha) is not associated with this distinction.

Correct Answer: 1 – Rakesh Sharma.
Rakesh Sharma became the first Indian citizen to travel into space on 3 April 1984 aboard the Soviet spacecraft Soyuz T-11. He spent nearly 8 days in space at the Soviet space station Salyut 7. During a live broadcast, Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi asked him how India looked from space, to which he replied "Saare Jahan se Achha " (Best in the world).
Raja Chari (Option 2) is an Indian-American NASA astronaut, not the first Indian in space.
Sirisha Bandla (Option 3) is an Indian-American who flew on Virgin Galactic's VSS Unity in 2021.
Ravish Malhotra (Option 4) was trained as a backup cosmonaut for the 1984 mission but did not fly to space.

Correct Answer: Option 1 – Shyamlal Gupta Parshad
' Vijayi Vishwa Tiranga Pyara' (also known as the Flag Song) was composed by Shyamlal Gupta 'Parshad', a Hindi poet from Kanpur. He wrote this patriotic song in 1924 during the Indian freedom struggle. The song became closely associated with the Indian National Flag and was sung at important national events. Shyamlal Gupta Parshad is also known as 'Parshad Ji'.
Why other options are wrong:
Option 2 ( Tileswari Koch): She was a freedom fighter from Assam, not the composer of this song.
Option 3 (Sucheta Kriplani): She was a freedom fighter and politician who became the first woman Chief Minister of India (Uttar Pradesh), not the composer of this song.
Option 4 (Sukumar Sen): He was India's first Chief Election Commissioner, not associated with composing this song.

The correct answer is (b) Sudarshan Setu.
Sudarshan Setu (also called Sudama Setu) is India's longest cable-stayed bridge, inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in February 2024. It connects Okha on the mainland of Gujarat with Beyt Dwarka (Shankhodhara) island, spanning about 2.32 km. The bridge facilitates pilgrimage to the Dwarkadheesh temple on Beyt Dwarka island.
(a) Atal Setu: This is the Mumbai Trans Harbour Link, India's longest sea bridge (a causeway/viaduct, not a cable-stayed bridge); connects Mumbai with Navi Mumbai.
(c) Bhupen Hazarika Setu: India's longest river bridge (Dhola-Sadiya bridge) connecting Assam with Arunachal Pradesh over the Lohit river; not a cable-stayed bridge connecting Gujarat locations.
(d) Pamban Bridge: A rail bridge connecting Rameshwaram island to mainland Tamil Nadu; not the longest cable-stayed bridge.

The correct answer is (a) Indira Gandhi.
Indira Gandhi served as the first (and so far only) woman Prime Minister of India. She served three terms: 1966-1977 and 1980-1984. She was the daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru and was assassinated on October 31, 1984.
(b) Pratibha Patil: Became the first woman President of India (2007-2012), not Prime Minister.
(c) Rajkumari Amrit Kaur: Served as India's first Health Minister (1947-1957); never served as Prime Minister.
(d) Sarojini Naidu: Known as the Nightingale of India; became the first woman Governor of an Indian state (United Provinces, 1947); never served as Prime Minister.

India's first Green Hydrogen-powered fuel cell bus was launched in New Delhi in 2023 by Indian Oil Corporation Ltd (IOCL) in partnership with Tata Motors. The bus uses hydrogen as fuel, emitting only water vapour , making it a zero-emission vehicle.
(a) Incorrect: Bengaluru is a major tech hub but was not the city where India's first Green Hydrogen bus was launched.
(b) Incorrect: Mumbai is India's financial capital but was not the launch city for India's first Green Hydrogen-powered bus.
(c) Incorrect: Pune is known for automobile manufacturing but was not where India's first Green Hydrogen bus was launched.

Rashmi Shukla was appointed as the Director General of Police (DGP) of Maharashtra in January 2024, becoming the first woman to hold this highest police post in the state. She is a 1988 batch IPS officer of the Maharashtra cadre.
(a) Incorrect: Rachana Shah has not held the post of DGP Maharashtra.
(b) Incorrect: Smita Pandey has not been appointed as DGP Maharashtra.
(c) Incorrect: Anjali Singh has not served as DGP Maharashtra.

The correct answer is Nina Singh (Option 2).
Nina Singh became the first woman to serve as Director General (DG) of the Central Industrial Security Force (CISF). She is an IPS officer who made history by becoming the head of this central paramilitary force, which provides security to critical infrastructure including airports, nuclear installations, and government buildings.
Option 1 - Archana Ramasundaram : Archana Ramasundaram was the first woman to head the Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB) and also served in senior CRPF positions; she did not become the first woman DG of CISF.
Option 3 - Kiran Bedi: Kiran Bedi was India's first woman IPS officer and made many breakthroughs, but she did not become the first woman DG of CISF.
Option 4 - Rina Mitra: Rina Mitra is a senior IPS officer, but she was not the first woman DG of CISF.

The correct answer is Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit (Option 2).
Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit became the first Indian woman (and the first woman ever) to serve as President of the United Nations General Assembly in 1953. She was a distinguished diplomat and the sister of Jawaharlal Nehru.
Option 1 - V.K. Krishna Menon: A male diplomat who served as India's High Commissioner to the UK and Defence Minister; not the first woman to preside over the UNGA.
Option 3 - Hansa Mehta: A noted social activist and educationist who contributed to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; she did not serve as UNGA President.
Option 4 - Radhakrishnan: Dr. S. Radhakrishnan was a male philosopher and President of India; he was not associated with the UNGA presidency.

"Vande Mataram " was composed by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay (also written Bankimchandra Chattopadhyay) in 1875, and was originally published in his Bengali novel Anandamath (1882). It was later set to music by Rabindranath Tagore in 1896 and became an iconic song of the independence movement. Option 2 is correct.
Option 1 is wrong: Rabindranath Tagore composed Jana Gana Mana (India's national anthem) and set Vande Mataram to music, but he did not compose Vande Mataram — that was Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay.
Option 3 is wrong: Subramania Bharati was a celebrated Tamil poet and freedom fighter who wrote patriotic songs in Tamil, but he did not compose Vande Mataram .
Option 4 is wrong: Kavi Pradeep was a Hindi film lyricist and patriotic poet known for 'Aye Mere Watan Ke Logo'; he did not compose Vande Mataram .

R. K. Shanmukham Chetty was appointed the first Finance Minister of independent India on 15 August 1947. He presented the first Union Budget of free India on 26 November 1947. Option 4 is correct.
Option 1 is wrong: Jawaharlal Nehru was the first Prime Minister of India, not the Finance Minister.
Option 2 is wrong: C. Rajagopalachari (Rajaji) became the first Indian Governor-General of India in 1948; he was not the Finance Minister.
Option 3 is wrong: Morarji Desai served as Finance Minister later (1958-63 and 1967-69) and eventually as Prime Minister (1977-79), but was not the first Finance Minister.

Lt. Commander Prerna Deosthalee became the first woman to command an Indian naval warship (INS Trinkat ) and was featured on KBC's Independence Day special in 2025. Option 4 is correct.
Option 1 is wrong: Sofiya Qureshi is a Brigade Commander in the Indian Army (recently in news for Operation Sindoor briefings) and has not commanded a naval warship.
Option 2 is wrong: Anshula Kapoor is a Bollywood celebrity and film producer, not a naval officer.
Option 3 is wrong: Vyomika Singh is an Indian Air Force helicopter pilot and was part of the Gaganyaan astronaut shortlist, but she is not the first woman to command a naval warship.

The correct answer is Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel . After India gained independence in 1947, the first cabinet under Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru was formed. Patel, also known as the "Iron Man of India" , was appointed as the first Home Minister and Deputy Prime Minister . He played a historic role in integrating over 560 princely states into the Indian Union, ensuring national unity and stability. His efforts in maintaining law and order, framing administrative systems, and strengthening internal security laid the foundation of modern India’s governance structure.

Soumya Swaminathan was the first Indian to become the Deputy Director General ( Programmes ) of the World Health Organisation (WHO) in 2017. She later became WHO's Chief Scientist in 2019. She is a renowned paediatrician and clinical scientist with expertise in tuberculosis research.
Chandrima Saha is a molecular biologist.
Gagandeep Kang is a virologist and was the first Indian woman elected to the Royal Society.
Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay is a scientist associated with the Indian Statistical Institute.

Anandibai Gopalrao Joshi was the first Indian woman to obtain a degree in western medicine. She obtained her MD degree from the Women's Medical College of Pennsylvania, USA in 1886. She was a pioneering figure in the field of women's medical education in India.
EK Janaki Ammal was a botanist and plant scientist.
Rupa Bai Furdoonji was an early educated Indian woman but not a western medicine doctor.
Mary Poonen Lukose was a notable Indian female surgeon but not the first.

Correct Answer: Shanti Tigga (Option 2)
Shanti Tigga became the first female Jawan (soldier) in the Indian Army when she was enrolled in the Territorial Army in 2011. She belongs to the Jharkhand state. A Jawan refers to an enlisted soldier (not an officer), making her enrollment historically significant. She was enrolled in the 969 Railway Engineer Regiment of the Territorial Army.
Why other options are wrong:
Option 1 - Punita Arora: She was the first woman to reach the rank of Lieutenant General in the Indian Armed Forces (Army Medical Corps), not the first Jawan.
Option 3 - Anjali Gupta: Not associated with being the first female Jawan in the Indian Army.
Option 4 - Navjot Kaur: Not related to this distinction.

Correct Answer: Bachendri Pal (Option 3)
Bachendri Pal became the first Indian woman to climb Mount Everest on 23 May 1984. She was also the fifth woman in the world to summit Everest. She was a member of India's 7th Everest expedition. She was awarded the Padma Shri in 1984 and Padma Bhushan in 2019.
Ruma Pal was a former Chief Justice of India (not a mountaineer). Cornelia Sorabji was India's first woman lawyer. Shikha Sharma is a corporate executive (former CEO of Axis Bank).

Correct Answer: Kiran Bedi (Option 2)
Kiran Bedi became the first woman to join the Indian Police Service (IPS) in 1972. She was a 1972-batch IPS officer of the Union Territory cadre. She served in various significant roles including as the Inspector General of Tihar Jail, where she introduced major prison reforms. She was awarded the Ramon Magsaysay Award in 1994.
Annie Besant was a social reformer and theosophist. Matangini Hazra was a freedom fighter. Lakshmi Sahgal was a doctor and officer in the Indian National Army.

Sucheta Kripalani became the first woman Chief Minister of any state in India when she was elected Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh in 1963 and served until 1967. She was a freedom fighter and Congress leader. Aruna Asaf Ali was a freedom fighter; Anna Chandy was Kerala's first woman High Court judge; Kamala Nehru was a Congress leader and Jawaharlal Nehru's wife — none of them became a state Chief Minister first.

Asima Chatterjee was the first woman to be awarded the Doctor of Science (D.Sc.) degree by an Indian university — Calcutta University — in 1944. She was a pioneering Indian chemist known for her work on medicinal plants and vinca alkaloids. Option 2 (Purnima Sinha) was a physicist who made contributions to spectroscopy but did not hold this distinction. Option 3 (Kamala Sohonie ) was the first Indian woman to earn a Ph.D. in a scientific field but from Cambridge University, not an Indian university. Option 4 (Bibha Chowdhary) was a physicist associated with cosmic ray research.

Shila Dawre from Nagpur, Maharashtra is recognised as India's first female auto-rickshaw driver. She began driving an auto-rickshaw in the 1980s and became a trailblazer for women in non-traditional occupations. Why others are wrong: - Radhika Menon: She is known as the first woman to receive the IMO Award for Exceptional Bravery at Sea, not as an auto-rickshaw driver. - Parul Parmar: She is a para-badminton player, not related to this. - Debala Mitra: She was the first woman Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India.

Debala Mitra was the first woman Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), serving from 1981 to 1983. She was a renowned archaeologist and scholar. Why others are wrong: - Kamala Das: A famous Malayalam poet and writer, not associated with ASI. - Anna Chandy: She was the first woman judge of a High Court in India (Kerala HC), not related to ASI. - Chitra Ramkrishna: She was the Managing Director & CEO of NSE (National Stock Exchange), unrelated to ASI.

Pingali Venkayya designed the Indian National Flag, which became the basis of the present tricolour.
The National Emblem is adapted from the Sarnath Lion Capital of Ashoka.
The National Anthem was composed by Rabindranath Tagore.
The National Flower is the lotus.
Hence, the National Flag is correct.

India's first lithium-ion battery cell manufacturing plant at Tirupati (set up by Munoth Industries) was inaugurated in September 2022 by Rajeev Chandrasekhar, Minister of State for Electronics and Information Technology.
It was not inaugurated by the PM, Finance Minister or Home Minister.
Hence the correct option is Rajeev Chandrasekhar.

Correct Answer: Option 3 – Indian Ocean
The world's oceans ranked by size: 1st — Pacific Ocean (~165 million km²), the largest; 2nd — Atlantic Ocean (~106 million km²); 3rd — Indian Ocean (~70 million km²); 4th — Southern Ocean (~20 million km²); 5th — Arctic Ocean (~14 million km²). The Indian Ocean is bounded by Africa to the west, Asia to the north, Australia to the east, and the Southern Ocean to the south.
Option 1 (Pacific Ocean): The largest ocean, covering about 46% of Earth's water surface.
Option 2 (Atlantic Ocean): The second-largest ocean.
Option 4 (Arctic Ocean): The smallest of the five oceans, fifth in size.

Correct Answer: Option 2 – Sucheta Kriplalani
Sucheta Kriplalani became India's first woman Chief Minister when she was elected as the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh on October 2, 1963, and served until March 14, 1967. She was a veteran freedom fighter who participated in the Quit India Movement (1942) and was a member of the Constituent Assembly. She belonged to the Indian National Congress. Her tenure as CM of India's most populous state was a landmark moment for women's political representation in India.
Option 1 (Anwara Taimur): Anwara Taimur was the first woman Chief Minister of Assam (1980–81), and the first Muslim woman CM of an Indian state — but she came much later than Sucheta Kriplalani.
Option 3 (Shashikala Kakodkar): First woman Chief Minister of Goa (1973–1979) — after Sucheta Kriplalani.
Option 4 (Nandini Satpathy): First woman Chief Minister of Odisha (1972–73 and 1974–76) — after Sucheta Kriplalani.