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RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2025-26 20 June 2026 Shift 1 GK Questions – with answers & solutions

All 40 GK / GS questions asked in RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2025-26 on 20 June 2026 Shift 1, with correct answers and short solutions, subject-wise: Static GK, Current Affairs, Polity, Computer, Economics, Modern History.

📚 40 questions🗓️ 20 June 2026⏰ Shift 1
हिंदी में पढ़ें📥 Full paper PDF
Subjects: Static GK (4) · Current Affairs (8) · Polity (6) · Computer (4) · Economics (2) · Modern History (3) · Chemistry (2) · Biology (2) · Physics (2) · Ancient History (2) · Geography (4) · Medieval History (1)

Static GK (4)

National Symbols, Firsts and Superlatives · Largest, longest, highest, smallest - India

Q1. As of January 2025, which of the following was India's largest shipbuilding facility in terms of maximum shipbuilding capacity?

  1. (a) Goa Shipyard Limited
  2. (b) Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL)
  3. (c) Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited
  4. (d) Kattupalli Shipyard
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL)

India's Largest Shipbuilding Facility (Jan 2025)
Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL)- Kerala
• Largest shipbuilding capacity in India
• Can build vessels up to 110,000 DWT
• Built India's first indigenous aircraft carrier INS Vikrant
• Has India's largest drydock facility
Answer: Option 2 → Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL)
Festivals, Fairs, Paintings and Crafts · Puppetry and theatre forms

Q2. Western Scholar Pishel associated the terms Sutradhar and Sthapak in Sanskrit plays with:

  1. (a) Ancient musical instruments
  2. (b) Classical dance performances
  3. (c) Puppet dance tradition
  4. (d) Ritual ceremonies
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Puppet dance tradition

Topic: Sanskrit Drama & Puppetry
Pishel's Research:Western scholar Pishel studied Sanskrit theatrical traditions and their connection to puppetry.
Key Terms:
•Sutradhar= literally 'holder of strings' in Sanskrit
•Sthapak= one who establishes or sets up
Connection:Both terms in Sanskrit plays refer to the puppeteer who manipulates string puppets, controlling the performance.
Pishel linked these theatrical roles to the ancientpuppet dance traditionin India.
Answer: Option 3 → Puppet dance tradition
Music and Musical Instruments · Carnatic music

Q3. Who is credited with codifying the method of Carnatic music?

  1. (a) Purandara Dasa
  2. (b) Gopala Dasa
  3. (c) Jagannatha Dasa
  4. (d) Kanaka Dasa
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Purandara Dasa

Carnatic Music Codification
Purandara Dasa (1484-1564)is known as the
'Father of Carnatic Music'.
He systematized the teaching method by introducing:
• Basic exercises (Sarale Varase)
• Graded lessons (Janta Varase, Alankaras)
• Structured curriculum for beginners
His contributions formed the foundation of modern
Carnatic music pedagogy.
Answer: Option 1 → Purandara Dasa
Tribes, Languages and Religions · Classical and scheduled languages

Q4. In which year did the Government of India declare Odia as a classical language?

  1. (a) 2014
  2. (b) 2017
  3. (c) 2004
  4. (d) 2005
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) 2014

Classical Languages of India
Odia was declared as the6th Classical Languageof India.
The Government of India granted this status on20 February 2014.
Other classical languages: Tamil (2004), Sanskrit (2005),
Kannada (2008), Telugu (2008), Malayalam (2013).
Answer: Option 1 → 2014

Current Affairs (8)

National Affairs and Government Initiatives · National events and launches

Q5. Where did Narendra Modi inaugurate India’s first deepwater transshipment port in May 2025?

  1. (a) Karnataka
  2. (b) Maharashtra
  3. (c) Kerala
  4. (d) Gujarat
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Kerala

India's First Deepwater Transshipment Port
Location:Vizhinjam, Kerala
Inaugurated by PM Narendra Modi inMay 2025
Key Facts:
• India's first automated port with deepwater facility
• Located near Thiruvananthapuram
• Reduces cargo transshipment dependency on foreign ports
Answer: Option 3 → Kerala
Defence and Security - Current · Security operations

Q6. In May 2025, what operation did India launch, involving missile and drone strikes in Pakistan, that escalated tensions significantly?

  1. (a) Operation Sunrise
  2. (b) Operation Horizon
  3. (c) Operation Trident
  4. (d) Operation Sindoor
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Operation Sindoor

Topic: Current Affairs - India-Pakistan Relations (May 2025)
Operation Sindoorwas launched by India in May 2025.
Key Facts:
• Involved coordinated missile and drone strikes in Pakistan
• Marked significant escalation in India-Pakistan tensions
• Named 'Sindoor' (vermillion in Hindi)
Answer: Option 4 → Operation Sindoor
International Affairs and Summits · International organisations - current

Q7. Which European country declared its exit from the International Criminal Court in April 2025?

  1. (a) Czech Republic
  2. (b) Hungary
  3. (c) Slovakia
  4. (d) Bulgaria
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Hungary

Topic:International Criminal Court (ICC) - Recent Developments
Hungary's Exit from ICC (April 2025)
Hungary announced its withdrawal from the International Criminal Court in April 2025.
This decision was part of Hungary's foreign policy shift under its current government.
Hungary became the first EU member state to exit the ICC.
Answer: Option 2 → Hungary
Science, Technology and Space - Current · Health and medical research

Q8. India, in October 2025, developed its first indigenously discovered antibiotic, effective against resistant respiratory infections. What is its name?

  1. (a) Nafithromycin
  2. (b) Penicillin-G
  3. (c) Cefixime
  4. (d) Azithromycin
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Nafithromycin

Topic:India's First Indigenous Antibiotic (October 2025)
Nafithromycin- India's first indigenously discovered antibiotic.
Developed to combat drug-resistant respiratory infections.
Marks a significant milestone in India's pharmaceutical research.
Other options are existing antibiotics, not indigenously discovered.
Answer: Option 1 → Nafithromycin
International Affairs and Summits · Summits and conferences

Q9. In which city did the World Health Summit 2024 take place?

  1. (a) Paris
  2. (b) Geneva
  3. (c) Berlin
  4. (d) London
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Berlin

World Health Summit 2024
The World Health Summit is an annual international conference on global health.
The 2024 edition was held inBerlin, Germanyfrom October 13-15, 2024.
Berlin has been the traditional host city for this summit since its inception in 2009.
Answer: Option 3 → Berlin
Science, Technology and Space - Current · Technology launches and AI

Q10. Which institute helped carry out the cloud seeding trial in Delhi in October 2025?

  1. (a) IIT Guwahati
  2. (b) IIT Bombay
  3. (c) IIT Madras
  4. (d) IIT Kanpur
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) IIT Kanpur

Topic:Cloud Seeding Trial in Delhi (October 2025)
IIT Kanpurconducted the cloud seeding trial in Delhi.
Purpose: Combat air pollution and improve air quality.
Method: Silver iodide particles dispersed in clouds to induce artificial rain.
Answer: Option 4 → IIT Kanpur
National Affairs and Government Initiatives · Policies, laws and bills

Q11. Which one of the following is NOT true in regard to The Waqf (Amendment) Bill, 2025 passed by the Indian government?

  1. (a) Female heirs are not guaranteed their rightful share in family waqf.
  2. (b) The bill also seeks to improve the economic and social status of Muslim women.
  3. (c) The bill retains two Muslim women members in central Waqf council.
  4. (d) The bill retains two Muslim women members in state Waqf board.
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Female heirs are not guaranteed their rightful share in family waqf.

Topic: The Waqf (Amendment) Bill, 2025
Key Provisions:
1. Female heirs ARE guaranteed rightful share in family waqf
2. Aims to improve economic and social status of Muslim women
3. Retains 2 Muslim women members in Central Waqf Council
4. Retains 2 Muslim women members in State Waqf Boards
Analysis:
Option 1 states female heirs are NOT guaranteed share
This is FALSE - the bill ensures their rights
Options 2, 3, 4 are all TRUE provisions
Answer: Option 1 → Female heirs are not guaranteed their rightful share in family waqf.
Economy, Banking and Business · Business and corporate news

Q12. The Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) successfully concluded the 13th edition of EXCON 2025 in which of the following cities?

  1. (a) Jaipur
  2. (b) New Delhi
  3. (c) Chandigarh
  4. (d) Bengaluru
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Bengaluru

EXCON 2025 - Construction Equipment Exhibition
Organized by: Confederation of Indian Industry (CII)
Edition: 13th edition
Venue:Bengaluru, Karnataka
EXCON is India's largest construction equipment trade fair held biennially in Bengaluru.
Answer: Option 4 → Bengaluru

Polity (6)

Union Executive · Council of Ministers and Cabinet

Q13. Which Article prohibits judicial inquiry into ministerial advice tendered to President during constitutional functioning?

  1. (a) Article 72
  2. (b) Article 76
  3. (c) Article 78
  4. (d) Article 74
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Article 74

Topic: Constitutional Provisions - President & Council of Ministers
Article 74deals with Council of Ministers to aid and advise President.
Article 74(2)specifically states that the question whether any advice was tendered by Ministers to President shall not be inquired into in any court.
This provision protects the confidentiality of ministerial advice and prevents judicial review of such advice.
Other Articles: Art 72 (Pardoning power), Art 76 (Attorney General), Art 78 (Duties of PM).
Answer: Option 4 → Article 74
Special Provisions, Official Language and Miscellaneous Provisions · Official language (Part XVII) and Eighth Schedule languages

Q14. Which Amendment added Konkani, Manipuri, and Nepali to the Eighth Schedule?

  1. (a) 42ⁿᵈ Amendment
  2. (b) 71ˢᵗ Amendment
  3. (c) 63ʳᵈ Amendment
  4. (d) 52ⁿᵈ Amendment
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) 71ˢᵗ Amendment

Topic: Constitutional Amendments - Eighth Schedule
Eighth Schedulelists official languages of India.
71st Amendment Act, 1992added three languages:
• Konkani
• Manipuri
• Nepali
Originally 15 languages, now 22 languages total.
Answer: Option 2 → 71ˢᵗ Amendment
DPSP and Fundamental Duties · Important DPSP articles (39A, 40, 44, 45, 48A, 50, 51)

Q15. According to Article 39A, the State shall:

  1. (a) provide religious freedom
  2. (b) provide free legal aid
  3. (c) promote international peace and security
  4. (d) provide clean drinking water
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) provide free legal aid

Article 39A - Equal Justice and Free Legal Aid
Part of Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP)
Key Provisions:
• State shall secure equal justice for all citizens
• Providefree legal aidto ensure no one is denied justice due to economic or other disabilities
• Added by42nd Amendment Act, 1976
This ensures access to justice for economically weaker sections
Answer: Option 2 → provide free legal aid
DPSP and Fundamental Duties · Fundamental Duties - Article 51A and list

Q16. How many Fundamental Duties were finally included in the Constitution in 1976 (based on committee recommendations)?

  1. (a) Nine
  2. (b) Seven
  3. (c) Six
  4. (d) Ten
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Ten

Fundamental Duties - 1976 Amendment
Added by42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976
Based onSwaran Singh Committeerecommendations
Originally10 Fundamental Dutieswere added in Article 51A
Later, 11th duty added by 86th Amendment (2002) - education of children
In 1976: Total duties included =10
Answer: Option 4 → Ten
Judiciary · Subordinate courts

Q17. Who among the following appoints judges of Family Courts in India?

  1. (a) State Government
  2. (b) Union Home Minister
  3. (c) President
  4. (d) Governor
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) State Government

Family Courts Act, 1984
Section 4: Appointment of Judges
Judges of Family Courts are appointed by theState Governmentin consultation with the High Court.
Family Courts deal with family disputes and matrimonial matters at the state level.
Answer: Option 1 → State Government
Parliament · Parliament - institutions, records and digital resources

Q18. From which year onward does PDL (Parliament Digital Library) have the digitized archives of legislative debates?

  1. (a) 1900
  2. (b) 1953
  3. (c) 1854
  4. (d) 1947
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) 1854

Parliament Digital Library (PDL)
PDL is a digital repository of parliamentary documents and debates.
It contains digitized archives of legislative debates from1854 onwards.
This marks the beginning of systematic recording of parliamentary proceedings in India.
Answer: Option 3 → 1854

Computer (4)

MS Office and Productivity Tools · Keyboard shortcuts

Q19. Which key is used to open the Start Menu in Windows 11?

  1. (a) Windows Key
  2. (b) Ctrl
  3. (c) Enter
  4. (d) Shift
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Windows Key

Windows 11 Start Menu Access
TheWindows Key(⊞ Win) is the primary shortcut to open the Start Menu in Windows 11.
Key Facts:
• Located between Ctrl and Alt on keyboard
• Single press opens/closes Start Menu
• Works across all Windows versions (95 onwards)
Answer: Option 1 → Windows Key
Software, Operating Systems and Programming · Types of software (system, application, utility)

Q20. A game installed on your computer belongs to:

  1. (a) Application software
  2. (b) System utilities
  3. (c) Device drivers
  4. (d) Primary memory
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Application software

Computer Software Classification
System Software:OS, utilities, drivers - manage hardware
Application Software:Programs for specific user tasks
Games are user-focused programs for entertainment
Examples: PUBG, Minecraft, Chess, etc.
Device drivers control hardware devices
System utilities maintain system performance
Primary memory (RAM/ROM) is hardware, not software
Answer: Option 1 → Application software
MS Office and Productivity Tools · Keyboard shortcuts

Q21. In Windows 11 operating system, what happens when Alt + F4 is pressed while no applications or windows are open?

  1. (a) Opens the Task Manager window
  2. (b) Shows the system shutdown dialog
  3. (c) Launches the File Explorer window
  4. (d) Refreshes the desktop environment
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Shows the system shutdown dialog

Topic: Windows 11 Keyboard Shortcuts
Alt + F4is a universal Windows shortcut to close the active window or application.
Whenno applications or windows are open(only desktop is active):
Alt + F4 triggers theShut Down Windows dialog box.
This dialog provides options: Shut down, Restart, Sleep, etc.
Answer: Option 2 → Shows the system shutdown dialog
Software, Operating Systems and Programming · Windows features and utilities

Q22. In Windows 11, what is the purpose of using dir /s /b "syllabus.pdf" inside Command Prompt?

  1. (a) To open “syllabus.pdf” using the default PDF viewer
  2. (b) To show the file size and attributes of “report.pdf”
  3. (c) To copy “syllabus.pdf” into a new destination folder
  4. (d) To list full file paths of “syllabus.pdf” from all nested folders
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) To list full file paths of “syllabus.pdf” from all nested folders

Command: dir /s /b "syllabus.pdf"
/s switch:Searches in current directory and all subdirectories (nested folders)
/b switch:Bare format - displays only full file paths without extra details
Combined effect: Lists complete paths of all "syllabus.pdf" files found in current and nested folders
Example output:
C:\Users\Documents\syllabus.pdf
C:\Users\Documents\Backup\syllabus.pdf
Answer: Option 4 → To list full file paths of "syllabus.pdf" from all nested folders

Economics (2)

Industry and Infrastructure · LPG reforms of 1991

Q23. What was the main aim of the 1991 economic reforms in India regarding industries?

  1. (a) To increase government control
  2. (b) To reduce agricultural output
  3. (c) To decrease foreign investment
  4. (d) To promote privatization and competition
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) To promote privatization and competition

1991 Economic Reforms - Industrial Policy
Context: India faced severe economic crisis in 1991
Key Reforms:
• Liberalization - Reduced government control
• Privatization - Encouraged private sector participation
• Globalization - Opened economy to foreign investment
Industrial licensing abolished for most sectors
Public sector monopoly reduced significantly
Foreign investment limits increased
Main aim: Shift from controlled economy to market-driven
Answer: Option 4 → To promote privatization and competition
Government Schemes and Economic Reports · Financial inclusion schemes (PMJDY, PMJJBY, PMSBY, APY)

Q24. What is the maximum loan amount available under PMMY for entrepreneurs who have successfully repaid previous ‘Tarun’ category loans?

  1. (a) ₹10 lakh
  2. (b) ₹20 lakh
  3. (c) ₹50 lakh
  4. (d) ₹5 lakh
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) ₹20 lakh

PMMY (Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana)
Three loan categories:
• Shishu: up to ₹50,000
• Kishore: ₹50,001 to ₹5 lakh
• Tarun: ₹5,00,001 to ₹10 lakh
Special Provision:
Entrepreneurs who successfully repay Tarun loans
are eligible fornext cycle loan up to ₹20 lakh
Answer: Option 2 → ₹20 lakh

Modern History (3)

Revolt of 1857 · Consequences and Queen's Proclamation

Q25. Which concern of the British government directly influenced the reorganisation of the Indian army after the Revolt of 1857?

  1. (a) Avoiding financial strain caused by the overseas deployment of Indian troops.
  2. (b) Limiting the political awareness of Indian soldiers through restricted education.
  3. (c) Preventing a future unified military uprising by Indian soldiers against British rule.
  4. (d) Reducing the influence of Indian cavalry units in strategic military decisions.
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Preventing a future unified military uprising by Indian soldiers against British rule.

Topic: Post-1857 Revolt Army Reorganisation
The 1857 Revolt showed unified action by Indian soldiers across regions and communities posed the greatest threat to British rule.
British implemented'Divide and Rule'policy in army reorganisation:
• Mixed regiments with different castes, religions, regions
• Reduced proportion of Indian to British troops (2:1 ratio)
• Increased European artillery units
• Prevented formation of homogeneous Indian units
Primary concern: Stop another coordinated military rebellion.
Answer: Option 3 → Preventing a future unified military uprising by Indian soldiers against British rule.
Socio-Religious Reform Movements · Raja Ram Mohan Roy and Brahmo Samaj

Q26. Which organisation was founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy in 1828?

  1. (a) Prarthana Samaj
  2. (b) Brahmo Samaj
  3. (c) Ramakrishna Mission
  4. (d) Arya Samaj
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Brahmo Samaj

Raja Ram Mohan Roy - Social Reformer
FoundedBrahmo Samajin1828in Calcutta.
Key Facts:
• Opposed idol worship and promoted monotheism
• Fought against Sati practice
• Advocated for women's rights and education
Other Organizations:
• Prarthana Samaj - 1867 (Bombay)
• Arya Samaj - 1875 (Swami Dayanand Saraswati)
• Ramakrishna Mission - 1897 (Swami Vivekananda)
Answer: Option 2 → Brahmo Samaj
Advent of Europeans and British Expansion · Dutch, Danish and French

Q27. The Dutch lost influence in India mainly due to their defeat by which European power?

  1. (a) Danish
  2. (b) French
  3. (c) British
  4. (d) Portuguese
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) British

Topic: European Powers in India
Dutch East India Companyestablished trading posts in India in early 17th century.
Major Dutch settlements: Pulicat, Nagapattinam, Chinsurah, Surat.
Battle of Colachel (1741): Dutch defeated by Travancore, weakening their position.
Anglo-Dutch Wars: British naval superiority defeated Dutch in multiple conflicts.
Battle of Bedara (1759): British decisively defeated Dutch forces in Bengal.
Dutch focused on Indonesian spice trade, gradually withdrew from India by late 18th century.
Answer: Option 3 → British

Chemistry (2)

Atoms, Molecules and Mole Concept · Mole concept and Avogadro number

Q28. Which information is essential to perform stoichiometric calculations for a chemical reaction?

  1. (a) A balanced chemical equation
  2. (b) The color of the reactants
  3. (c) Temperature of the reaction
  4. (d) Type of apparatus used
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) A balanced chemical equation

Stoichiometric Calculations
Stoichiometry deals with quantitative relationships between reactants and products in a chemical reaction.
Essential Requirement:
A balanced chemical equation is mandatory because:
• It shows the mole ratio of reactants to products
• Allows calculation of amounts of substances involved
• Follows Law of Conservation of Mass
Color, temperature, and apparatus type do not affect stoichiometric calculations.
Answer: Option 1 → A balanced chemical equation
Environmental Chemistry · Acid rain

Q29. Which gas is the main contributor to acid rain formation?

  1. (a) Methane
  2. (b) Sulphur dioxide
  3. (c) Hydrogen
  4. (d) Neon
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Sulphur dioxide

Topic:Acid Rain Formation
Main Contributors:
SO₂ (Sulphur dioxide) + H₂O → H₂SO₃ (Sulphurous acid)
SO₂ oxidizes to SO₃ → H₂SO₄ (Sulphuric acid)
Sources:Coal burning, industrial emissions, volcanic activity
NO₂ also contributes but SO₂ is the primary cause
Answer: Option 2 → Sulphur dioxide

Biology (2)

Ecology and Environment · Biodiversity and its conservation (in-situ, ex-situ)

Q30. Which wildlife conservation strategy protects entire ecosystems rather than a single species?

  1. (a) Seed banks
  2. (b) In-situ conservation
  3. (c) Captive breeding
  4. (d) Biodiversity hotspots
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) In-situ conservation

Wildlife Conservation Strategies:
In-situ conservation→ Protection of species in their natural habitats
Protects entire ecosystems including all flora, fauna, and environment
Examples: National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves
Other options:
Seed banks → Store plant genetic material only
Captive breeding → Breed endangered species outside natural habitat
Biodiversity hotspots → Regions with high species diversity (not a strategy)
Answer: Option 2 → In-situ conservation
Cell - Structure and Function · Biomolecules and enzymes

Q31. DNA and RNA are polymers made of long chains of ______.

  1. (a) Fatty acids
  2. (b) Nucleotides
  3. (c) Monosaccharides
  4. (d) Amino acids
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Nucleotides

Topic: Biomolecules - Nucleic Acids
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)andRNA (Ribonucleic Acid)are nucleic acids.
Both arepolymers of nucleotides.
Each nucleotide consists of:
• A nitrogenous base
• A pentose sugar (ribose/deoxyribose)
• A phosphate group
Note: Proteins are polymers of amino acids, carbohydrates are polymers of monosaccharides, and lipids contain fatty acids.
Answer: Option 2 → Nucleotides

Physics (2)

Work, Energy and Power · Kinetic energy

Q32. Which quantities influence the kinetic energy of a moving body?

  1. (a) Only velocity
  2. (b) Only mass
  3. (c) Its shape
  4. (d) Both mass and velocity
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Both mass and velocity

Kinetic Energy Formula
KE = ½mv²
Where:
m = mass of the body
v = velocity of the body
From the formula, kinetic energy depends on:
• Mass (m) - directly proportional
• Velocity (v) - proportional to square of velocity
Shape does not appear in the formula.
Answer: Option 4 → Both mass and velocity
Heat and Thermodynamics · Thermal expansion and anomalous expansion of water

Q33. Which of the following statements is true for water when it is cooled from 4°C to 0°C?

  1. (a) Volume and density both increase
  2. (b) Volume decreases but density remains same
  3. (c) Volume increases but density decreases
  4. (d) Volume and density both decrease
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Volume increases but density decreases

Topic:Anomalous Expansion of Water
Water has maximum density at4°C.
When cooled from 4°C to 0°C:
Water expands (anomalous behavior)
Volume increases
Since Density = Mass/Volume
Mass remains constant, Volume increases
Therefore, Density decreases
Answer: Option 3 → Volume increases but density decreases

Ancient History (2)

Vedic Period · Rig Vedic society, polity and economy

Q34. According to references in the Rigveda, the early Vedic Aryans inhabited a region known as:

  1. (a) Brahmavarta
  2. (b) Aryavarta
  3. (c) Sapta-Sindhu
  4. (d) Madhyadesha
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Sapta-Sindhu

Topic: Early Vedic Period - Geography
Sapta-Sindhu= Land of Seven Rivers
Rigveda mentions the region ofSapta-Sindhu(modern Punjab and surrounding areas).
The seven rivers: Indus, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, Sutlej, and Saraswati.
This was the primary settlement area of early Vedic Aryans.
Brahmavarta and Aryavarta are later geographical terms.
Answer: Option 3 → Sapta-Sindhu
Ancient Art, Culture and Science · Cave architecture (Ajanta, Ellora, Elephanta, etc.)

Q35. In which Indian state are the renowned Bagh Caves, famous for their ancient murals, located?

  1. (a) Odisha
  2. (b) Madhya Pradesh
  3. (c) Maharashtra
  4. (d) Chhattisgarh
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Madhya Pradesh

Bagh Caves
Location: Bagh town, Dhar district,Madhya Pradesh
Features: 9 rock-cut Buddhist caves (5th-7th century CE)
Famous for: Ancient murals depicting Jataka tales and Buddhist themes
Answer: Option 2 → Madhya Pradesh

Geography (4)

India - Location, Physiography and Neighbours · Thar Desert

Q36. Which of the following regions in India is characterised by brackish lakes locally known as playas?

  1. (a) Western Ghats
  2. (b) Thar Desert
  3. (c) Deccan Plateau
  4. (d) Malabar Coast
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Thar Desert

Topic: Indian Geography - Desert Landforms
Playasare temporary salt lakes formed in desert regions.
In India, playas are found in theThar Desert(Rajasthan).
These are shallow, brackish water bodies that appear during monsoon.
Famous examples: Sambhar Lake, Didwana Lake.
Answer: Option 2 → Thar Desert
India - Population and Census · Demographic concepts and transition

Q37. Which one of the following represents the correct formula for crude birth rate (CBR), where B = live births during the year; P= Estimated mid year population of the area?

  1. (a) (Births × Population) ÷ 1000
  2. (b) (Births ÷ Population) × 1000
  3. (c) (Population ÷ Births) × 100
  4. (d) (Births + Population) × 100
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) (Births ÷ Population) × 1000

Crude Birth Rate (CBR) Formula
CBR measures number of live births per 1000 population in a year.
Formula: CBR = (B ÷ P) × 1000
Where:
B = Live births during the year
P = Estimated mid-year population
Example: If 5000 births in population of 2,50,000
CBR = (5000 ÷ 2,50,000) × 1000 = 20 births per 1000 people
Answer: Option 2 → (Births ÷ Population) × 1000
India - Population and Census · Urbanisation and migration

Q38. Which of the following is NOT a pull factor of migration?

  1. (a) Peace and stability
  2. (b) Better job opportunities
  3. (c) Socio-economic backwardness
  4. (d) Security of life
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Socio-economic backwardness

Migration Factors
Pull Factors(attract people to destination):
• Peace and stability
• Better job opportunities
• Security of life
• Better living conditions
Push Factors(force people to leave origin):
• Socio-economic backwardness
• Unemployment
• Political instability
Socio-economic backwardness is apush factor, not pull.
Answer: Option 3 → Socio-economic backwardness
India - Minerals, Energy and Industries · Textile and other industries

Q39. What was the installed cement capacity and production of cement, respectively, in the Indian cement industry by 2022-23?

  1. (a) 600 MT and 391 MT
  2. (b) 500 MT and 231 MT
  3. (c) 300 MT and 181 MT
  4. (d) 250 MT and 151 MT
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) 600 MT and 391 MT

Topic:Indian Cement Industry Statistics (2022-23)
India is the 2nd largest cement producer globally.
Installed Capacity:600 Million Tonnes (MT)
Actual Production:391 Million Tonnes (MT)
Capacity utilization ≈ 65% in 2022-23.
Answer: Option 1 → 600 MT and 391 MT

Medieval History (1)

Delhi Sultanate · Sultanate administration and iqta system

Q40. Khut, Muqaddam and Patwari during the Delhi Sultanate were _________.

  1. (a) royal court functionaries
  2. (b) provincial functionaries
  3. (c) town functionaries
  4. (d) village functionaries
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) village functionaries

Administrative Officials in Delhi Sultanate
Khut:Village headman, responsible for revenue collection at village level.
Muqaddam:Village headman who assisted in revenue assessment and collection.
Patwari:Village accountant who maintained land records and revenue details.
All three werevillage-level revenue officialsunder the Sultanate's administrative system.
Answer: Option 4 → village functionaries
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