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RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2025-26 24 March 2026 Shift 3 GK Questions – with answers & solutions

All 40 GK / GS questions asked in RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2025-26 on 24 March 2026 Shift 3, with correct answers and short solutions, subject-wise: Geography, Economics, Static GK, Computer, Current Affairs, Polity.

📚 40 questions🗓️ 24 March 2026⏰ Shift 3
हिंदी में पढ़ें📥 Full paper PDF
Subjects: Geography (4) · Economics (5) · Static GK (4) · Computer (4) · Current Affairs (7) · Polity (7) · Biology (4) · Medieval History (1) · Modern History (3) · Physics (1)

Geography (4)

India - Drainage System · Tributaries and confluences

Q1. The Satluj, Beas, Ravi, Chenab and Jhelum merge into which river system near Mithankot?

  1. (a) Indus
  2. (b) Godavari
  3. (c) Ganga
  4. (d) Brahmaputra
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Indus

Topic: Indian River Systems - Indus Basin
Five Rivers of Punjab:
Satluj, Beas, Ravi, Chenab, and Jhelum are the five major tributaries of the Indus River.
Confluence Point:
All five rivers merge into theIndus RivernearMithankotin Pakistan (Punjab province).
Key Fact:
The word 'Punjab' means 'Land of Five Rivers', referring to these tributaries of the Indus system.
Answer: Option 1 → Indus
Lithosphere - Earth's Interior and Landforms · Aeolian and karst landforms

Q2. Which of the following types of weathering is primarily responsible for the formation of karst landscapes?

  1. (a) Mechanical weathering
  2. (b) Thermal weathering
  3. (c) Biological weathering
  4. (d) Chemical weathering
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Chemical weathering

Topic: Karst Landscapes Formation
Karst landscapesform in limestone/carbonate rock regions through dissolution.
Chemical weathering(carbonation) dissolves limestone:
CO₂ + H₂O + CaCO₃ → Ca(HCO₃)₂ (soluble)
Creates features: caves, sinkholes, underground drainage.
Mechanical/thermal/biological weathering break rocks physically but don't dissolve limestone.
Answer: Option 4 → Chemical weathering
India - Drainage System · West-flowing rivers

Q3. The statement "Most of the major Peninsular rivers flow from west to east" is an EXCEPTION for:

  1. (a) Godavari and Krishna
  2. (b) Mahanadi and Kaveri
  3. (c) Narmada and Tapi
  4. (d) Kaveri and Krishna
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Narmada and Tapi

Topic: Peninsular Rivers of India
West to East flowing rivers:
Godavari, Krishna, Mahanadi, Kaveri flow from west to east into Bay of Bengal.
Exception (East to West):
Narmada and Tapi are the only major peninsular rivers that flow from east to west.
They drain into the Arabian Sea through rift valleys.
Answer: Option 3 → Narmada and Tapi
World Geography · World transport and communication routes

Q4. The Trans-Siberian Railways major rail route of Russia runs from St. Petersburg in the west to _______ on the Pacific Coast in the east.

  1. (a) Novosibirsk
  2. (b) Moscow
  3. (c) Irkutask
  4. (d) Vladivostok
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Vladivostok

Trans-Siberian Railway
World's longest railway line connecting European Russia to the Pacific Coast.
Route:Moscow (west) → Vladivostok (east)
Length: ~9,289 km across Russia
Eastern terminus:Vladivostok(Pacific port city)
Note: Question mentions St. Petersburg, but actual western terminus is Moscow.
Answer: Option 4 → Vladivostok

Economics (5)

Agriculture and Food Security · Crop insurance and farmer schemes

Q5. Under the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY), what is the premium rate paid by farmers for annual commercial and horticultural crops?

  1. (a) 2% of the sum insured
  2. (b) 7% of the sum insured
  3. (c) 5% of the sum insured
  4. (d) 3% of the sum insured
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) 5% of the sum insured

Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY)
Premium rates paid by farmers:
• Kharif crops:2%of sum insured
• Rabi crops:1.5%of sum insured
• Annual commercial/horticultural crops:5%of sum insured
Balance premium is subsidized by Government (Centre + State).
Answer: Option 3 → 5% of the sum insured
Government Schemes and Economic Reports · Financial inclusion schemes (PMJDY, PMJJBY, PMSBY, APY)

Q6. Stand Up India Scheme was launched in which of the following years?

  1. (a) 2016
  2. (b) 2015
  3. (c) 2019
  4. (d) 2014
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) 2016

Stand Up India Scheme
Launched by: Prime Minister Narendra Modi
Launch Date:5th April 2016
Purpose: Facilitate bank loans between ₹10 lakh to ₹1 crore for SC/ST and women entrepreneurs to set up greenfield enterprises.
Answer: Option 1 → 2016
Poverty, Unemployment and Human Development · Poverty alleviation and employment programmes (MGNREGA, etc.)

Q7. Which of the following programs aims at self-employment for the rural poor?

  1. (a) Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
  2. (b) Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana
  3. (c) Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana
  4. (d) National Rural Health Mission
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana

Topic:Rural Development Schemes
Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana (DAY-NRLM)
Launched in 2011, restructured in 2015
Aims atself-employment and skill developmentfor rural poor
Focuses on organizing poor into Self-Help Groups (SHGs)
Provides financial assistance and training for livelihood
Other schemes:
MGNREGA → Wage employment (100 days guaranteed work)
PMAY → Housing for all
NRHM → Rural healthcare services
Answer: Option 3 → Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana
Government Schemes and Economic Reports · Skill development and employment schemes

Q8. What is the primary purpose of the Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-GKY)?

  1. (a) To skill rural youth and promote wage employment opportunities
  2. (b) To offer old-age pensions in villages
  3. (c) To provide free food to rural households
  4. (d) To supply subsid ised agricultural inputs to farmers
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) To skill rural youth and promote wage employment opportunities

Topic: Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-GKY)
Launched in 2014 under Ministry of Rural Development.
Primary objective: Skill training for rural poor youth (15-35 years).
Focus on placement-linked skill development and wage employment.
Part of National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM).
Answer: Option 1 → To skill rural youth and promote wage employment opportunities
Government Schemes and Economic Reports · Energy and power sector schemes

Q9. Which of the following is the primary objective to promote the "Ultra Mega Power Projects" (UMPP) initiative in India?

  1. (a) Rooftop solar systems in rural areas
  2. (b) Wind farms in rural areas
  3. (c) High-capacity coal-based power plants
  4. (d) Small-scale solar plants
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) High-capacity coal-based power plants

Ultra Mega Power Projects (UMPP)
UMPP is a Government of India initiative launched in 2006.
Primary objective: Develop large-scale thermal power plants with capacity ≥4000 MW each.
These are primarilycoal-based power plantsto meet India's growing electricity demand.
Projects awarded through competitive bidding to ensure lower tariffs.
Answer: Option 3 → High-capacity coal-based power plants

Static GK (4)

Dances · Folk dances by state

Q10. Whom among the following deities is the traditional dance of Karnataka Dollu Kunitha associated with?

  1. (a) Lord Ganesha
  2. (b) Lord Vishnu
  3. (c) Lord Shiva
  4. (d) Lord Brahma
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Lord Shiva

Dollu Kunitha - Traditional Dance of Karnataka
Dollu Kunitha is a popular drum dance performed by the Kuruba community.
The dance is performed in honor ofLord Shivaand is associated with Shaivism.
Performers wear the Dollu (drum) around their necks and dance to rhythmic beats.
It is performed during festivals and religious processions dedicated to Lord Shiva.
Answer: Option 3 → Lord Shiva
Dances · Dance institutions and awards

Q11. Which institution formed by Pandit Birju Maharaj focuses on imparting training in the field of Kathak and related disciplines?

  1. (a) Kala Kendra
  2. (b) Natya Vriksha
  3. (c) Kalashram
  4. (d) Satrang Kala
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Kalashram

Pandit Birju Maharaj and Kathak
Pandit Birju Maharaj was a legendary Kathak dancer and exponent of the Lucknow Gharana.
He foundedKalashramin New Delhi to preserve and promote the art of Kathak dance.
Kalashram provides comprehensive training in Kathak and related classical dance disciplines.
Answer: Option 3 → Kalashram
Dances · Folk dances by state

Q12. In which of the following states did the Chhau dance originate?

  1. (a) Jharkhand
  2. (b) Haryana
  3. (c) Uttarakhand
  4. (d) Punjab
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Jharkhand

Topic: Chhau Dance - Traditional Indian Folk Dance
Origin:Chhau dance originated in eastern India, primarily inJharkhand, West Bengal, and Odisha.
Three main styles:
1. Seraikella Chhau (Jharkhand)
2. Purulia Chhau (West Bengal)
3. Mayurbhanj Chhau (Odisha)
Features:Martial arts-based, uses masks (except Mayurbhanj), depicts mythological themes.
Recognition:UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage (2010).
Answer: Option 1 → Jharkhand
Monuments and Heritage · Temples and religious places

Q13. Which of the following dynasties is associated with the Thousand Pillars Temple at Warangal built in the 12 ᵗ ʰ century?

  1. (a) Hoysala dynasty
  2. (b) Rashtrakuta dynasty
  3. (c) Chalukya dynasty
  4. (d) Kakatiya dynasty
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Kakatiya dynasty

Thousand Pillars Temple, Warangal
Built in:1163 CE (12th century)
Dynasty:Kakatiya dynasty
Commissioned by: King Rudra Deva
Features: Dedicated to Shiva, Vishnu, and Surya with intricate stone pillars
Location: Hanamkonda, Telangana (near Warangal)
Answer: Option 4 → Kakatiya dynasty

Computer (4)

MS Office and Productivity Tools · MS Excel

Q14. Which feature primarily differentiates spreadsheet software from word processing software?

  1. (a) Ability to change font and size
  2. (b) Calculation using formulas
  3. (c) Creating slides
  4. (d) Ability to format text
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Calculation using formulas

Topic: Spreadsheet vs Word Processor
Spreadsheet Software (Excel, Google Sheets):
Primary function: Data organization, calculations, formulas
Uses cells arranged in rows and columns
Performs mathematical operations automatically
Word Processing Software (MS Word, Google Docs):
Primary function: Text document creation and formatting
Common Features:Font/size changes, text formatting
Unique to Spreadsheet:Formula-based calculations
Slides:Presentation software feature (PowerPoint)
Answer: Option 2 → Calculation using formulas
Computer Fundamentals and History · Applications of computers

Q15. In the field of e-commerce and financial trading, which application of computers is essential for analyzing massive volumes of rapidly changing market data and detecting complex patterns to inform investment decisions?

  1. (a) Inventory Management Systems
  2. (b) Data Encryption and Security Software
  3. (c) Real-time Predictive Analytics
  4. (d) Word Processing and Desktop Publishing
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Real-time Predictive Analytics

Topic:Computer Applications in E-commerce & Financial Trading
Question asks: Application for analyzing massive volumes of rapidly
changing market data and detecting complex patterns for investments.
Key Requirements:
• Massive data volumes → Big Data processing
• Rapidly changing → Real-time analysis needed
• Pattern detection → Predictive algorithms
• Investment decisions → Forecasting & analytics
Real-time Predictive Analyticsuses machine learning and statistical
models to process streaming market data, identify trends, and predict
future movements for informed trading decisions.
Answer: Option 3 → Real-time Predictive Analytics
Abbreviations and Miscellaneous · Computer abbreviations

Q16. LAN is often used in schools and offices. This abbreviation expands to:

  1. (a) Linked Access Node
  2. (b) Large Area Network
  3. (c) Local Area Network
  4. (d) Long Access Network
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Local Area Network

Topic: Computer Networks
LAN = Local Area Network
A network that connects computers within a limited area
such as a school, office building, or home.
Characteristics: High speed, limited geographical area,
privately owned, connects devices via Ethernet or Wi-Fi.
Answer: Option 3 → Local Area Network
Software, Operating Systems and Programming · Popular operating systems

Q17. Which of the following components of Windows provides quick access to frequently used applications and system settings?

  1. (a) Disk Cleanup
  2. (b) Recycle Bin
  3. (c) Desktop Wallpaper
  4. (d) Taskbar
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Taskbar

Topic: Windows Components
Taskbaris the horizontal bar at the bottom of Windows screen.
Functions:
• Quick access to pinned and running applications
• System tray for notifications and settings
• Start menu access for programs and system settings
Other options:
Disk Cleanup → removes temporary files
Recycle Bin → stores deleted files temporarily
Desktop Wallpaper → background image only
Answer: Option 4 → Taskbar

Current Affairs (7)

International Affairs and Summits · Summits and conferences

Q18. What was the theme of the 16th session of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD16) held in Geneva in October 2025?

  1. (a) Climate Action for a Sustainable Future
  2. (b) Promoting global trade and financial stability
  3. (c) Shaping the future: Driving economic transformation for equitable, inclusive and sustainable development
  4. (d) Advancing technology and innovation for sustainable economies
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Shaping the future: Driving economic transformation for equitable, inclusive and sustainable development

UNCTAD16 Conference Details:
Event: 16th United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
Location: Geneva, Switzerland
Time: October 2025
Theme:Shaping the future: Driving economic transformation for equitable, inclusive and sustainable development
Focus: Economic transformation with emphasis on equity, inclusion, and sustainability in global trade and development.
Answer: Option 3 → Shaping the future: Driving economic transformation for equitable, inclusive and sustainable development
Reports, Indices and Rankings · Reports and their publishers

Q19. What is the primary purpose of the Sustainable Development Goals – National Indicator Framework Progress Report, 2025?

  1. (a) To monitor national-level progress of the 17 SDGs
  2. (b) To allocate national funds for SDG projects
  3. (c) To conduct environmental fieldwork
  4. (d) To compare Indian SDGs with other countries
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) To monitor national-level progress of the 17 SDGs

Topic: Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) – National Indicator Framework
The SDG-NIF Progress Report 2025 is published by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI).
Its primary purpose is to track and monitor India's progress on all 17 SDGs using national-level indicators.
The report provides data-driven insights on achievements and gaps in SDG implementation across various sectors.
Answer: Option 1 → To monitor national-level progress of the 17 SDGs
Economy, Banking and Business · GDP and growth forecasts

Q20. As per the World Economic Outlook January 2026, by the International Monetary Fund, global economic expansion in 2027, is expected to be which of the following rates?

  1. (a) 4.0 percent
  2. (b) 2.9 percent
  3. (c) 3.2 percent
  4. (d) 3.5 percent
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) 3.2 percent

Topic: World Economic Outlook January 2026 - IMF
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) releases the World Economic Outlook report periodically to forecast global economic growth.
As per theJanuary 2026 edition, the IMF projected global economic expansion for2027 at 3.2 percent.
This reflects moderate growth expectations amid global economic challenges and recovery patterns.
Answer: Option 3 → 3.2 percent
Sports - Current · Tournaments and winners

Q21. Who was the chief guest at the inauguration of the 58 ᵗ ʰ Inter-IIT Sports Meet at IIT Hyderabad?

  1. (a) Saina Nehwal
  2. (b) BVR Mohan Reddy
  3. (c) Prof B S Murty
  4. (d) Pullela Gopichand
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Saina Nehwal

58th Inter-IIT Sports Meet at IIT Hyderabad
Event: Annual sports competition among IITs
Chief Guest:Saina Nehwal
- Olympic bronze medalist (2012)
- Former World No. 1 in badminton
- Padma Bhushan awardee
Answer: Option 1 → Saina Nehwal
Science, Technology and Space - Current · Technology launches and AI

Q22. Which group at IIT Bombay developed the Quantum Diamond Microscope in November 2025?

  1. (a) Quantum Leap Group
  2. (b) Vikas Research Group
  3. (c) P-Quest Group
  4. (d) NanoTech Group
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) P-Quest Group

Quantum Diamond Microscope (QDM) Development
Developed by:P-Quest Group at IIT Bombay
Key Facts:
• Announced in November 2025
• Uses nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond
• Enables magnetic field imaging at nanoscale
• Application in quantum sensing and materials research
Answer: Option 3 → P-Quest Group
Reports, Indices and Rankings · Global indices and India's rank

Q23. In 2025, which country secured the third rank in the Asia Power Index, after the United States and China?

  1. (a) South Korea
  2. (b) Australia
  3. (c) Japan
  4. (d) India
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) India

Asia Power Index 2025
Published by: Lowy Institute, Australia
Top Rankings:
1st → United States
2nd → China
3rd → India
India's rise reflects growing economic strength,
military capabilities, and diplomatic influence
in the Indo-Pacific region.
Answer: Option 4 → India
Reports, Indices and Rankings · Global indices and India's rank

Q24. As per the 2025 Global Gender Gap Index, what rank did India secure among 148 countries?

  1. (a) 132
  2. (b) 131
  3. (c) 136
  4. (d) 138
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) 131

2025 Global Gender Gap Index - India's Rank
Report published by:World Economic Forum (WEF)
India's rank:131 out of 148 countries
Key highlights:
- India improved from 129th position in 2024
- Score: 0.641 (on scale of 0 to 1)
- Lowest rank in South Asia region
Answer: Option 2 → 131

Polity (7)

Fundamental Rights · Articles 33-35 and suspension of Fundamental Rights

Q25. Which of the following Articles of the Constitution of India authorises Parliament to alter the applicability of Fundamental Rights with respect to members of the Armed Forces and the forces entrusted with the maintenance of public order?

  1. (a) Article 35
  2. (b) Article 45
  3. (c) Article 33
  4. (d) Article 42
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Article 33

Topic:Constitutional Provisions for Armed Forces
Article 33of the Constitution empowers Parliament to modify
the application of Fundamental Rights (Part III) for:
1. Members of the Armed Forces
2. Forces charged with maintenance of public order
3. Intelligence agencies
This ensures proper discipline and effective discharge of duties
in these services while balancing individual rights.
Other Articles: Art 35 → Parliament's power to legislate on FR
Art 42 → 42nd Amendment, Art 45 → Early childhood care
Answer: Option 3 → Article 33
Special Provisions, Official Language and Miscellaneous Provisions · Official language (Part XVII) and Eighth Schedule languages

Q26. Which of the following parts of the Indian Constitution deals with the Official Languages of the Indian Union?

  1. (a) Part XVI
  2. (b) Part XX
  3. (c) Part XVII
  4. (d) Part XV
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Part XVII

Topic: Indian Constitution - Official Languages
Part XVIIof the Indian Constitution deals with theOfficial Languagesof the Indian Union.
It containsArticles 343 to 351.
Key provisions:
• Article 343: Hindi in Devanagari script as official language
• Article 344: Commission and Committee on official language
• Article 351: Directive for development of Hindi language
Answer: Option 3 → Part XVII
Polity Miscellaneous · Important acts and rights laws (RTI, RTE, etc.)

Q27. Which among the following statements is INCORRECT related to the Right to Information Act, 2005?

  1. (a) It covers all constitutional authorities, including the President and the Supreme Court.
  2. (b) The Act mandates that the information be provided within 30 days of the request in normal ca ses.
  3. (c) All the non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that are financed by the government come under the purview of RTI Act.
  4. (d) The Central Information Commission is a constitutional body.
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) The Central Information Commission is a constitutional body.

Right to Information Act, 2005 - Key Facts
Statement 1:Correct- RTI covers all constitutional authorities including President and Supreme Court.
Statement 2:Correct- Information must be provided within30 daysof request (48 hours for life/liberty matters).
Statement 3:Correct- NGOs substantially financed by government come under RTI purview.
Statement 4:INCORRECT- Central Information Commission is astatutory bodycreated under RTI Act, 2005, NOT a constitutional body.
Constitutional bodies are established by Constitution (e.g., Election Commission, CAG).
Answer: Option 4 → The Central Information Commission is a constitutional body.
Special Provisions, Official Language and Miscellaneous Provisions · Official language (Part XVII) and Eighth Schedule languages

Q28. Which of the following languages is NOT included in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution?

  1. (a) English
  2. (b) Urdu
  3. (c) Sanskrit
  4. (d) Nepali
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) English

Topic: Eighth Schedule of Indian Constitution
The Eighth Schedule lists22 official languagesrecognized by the Constitution.
Languages included: Hindi, Bengali, Telugu, Marathi, Tamil, Urdu, Gujarati, Malayalam, Kannada, Odia, Punjabi, Assamese, Kashmiri, Sindhi, Sanskrit, Konkani, Manipuri, Nepali, Bodo, Santhali, Maithili, Dogri.
English is NOT in the Eighth Schedule.
English has special status underArticle 343as an associate official language but is not listed in the Eighth Schedule.
Answer: Option 1 → English
Union, Territory and Citizenship · Union and its territory (Articles 1-4)

Q29. The Land Boundary Agreement with Bangladesh was constitutionalized through which Constitutional Amendment?

  1. (a) Ninety-Seventh Amendment
  2. (b) One Hundredth Amendment
  3. (c) Ninety-Eighth Amendment
  4. (d) One Hundred and First Amendment
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) One Hundredth Amendment

Topic: Constitutional Amendments - India-Bangladesh Relations
100th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2015
Key Facts:
• Ratified the Land Boundary Agreement (LBA) signed in 1974
• Enabled exchange of enclaves between India and Bangladesh
• Resolved 68-year-old border dispute
• Transferred 111 Indian enclaves to Bangladesh and 51 Bangladeshi enclaves to India
Answer: Option 2 → One Hundredth Amendment
Preamble, Features, Parts and Schedules · Schedules of the Constitution

Q30. Which Schedule of the Indian Constitution deals with the allocation of seats in the Rajya Sabha to States and Union Territories?

  1. (a) Second Schedule
  2. (b) First Schedule
  3. (c) Sixth Schedule
  4. (d) Fourth Schedule
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Fourth Schedule

Topic: Schedules of Indian Constitution
Fourth Scheduledeals with allocation of seats in Rajya Sabha to States and UTs.
Key Points:
• Total Rajya Sabha seats: 245 (238 States + 7 UTs)
• Seats allocated based on population
• Updated through Constitutional Amendments
Other Schedules:
First Schedule: List of States and UTs
Second Schedule: Salaries of officials
Sixth Schedule: Administration of Tribal Areas
Answer: Option 4 → Fourth Schedule
DPSP and Fundamental Duties · Socialistic principles

Q31. Which Article of the Indian Constitution mandates the provision of humane working conditions and maternity relief?

  1. (a) Article 42
  2. (b) Article 48
  3. (c) Article 41
  4. (d) Article 44
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Article 42

Topic: Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP)
Article 42- Just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief
Key Fact: Part IV of Constitution contains DPSP (Articles 36-51)
Article 42 directs the State to make provisions for:
• Securing just and humane conditions of work
• Maternity relief for women workers
Other options:
Article 41 - Right to work, education, public assistance
Article 44 - Uniform Civil Code
Article 48 - Organization of agriculture and animal husbandry
Answer: Option 1 → Article 42

Biology (4)

Control and Coordination · Sense organs (eye, ear, nose, tongue, skin)

Q32. Which type of receptors in the human body are responsible for detecting taste?

  1. (a) Olfactory receptors
  2. (b) Thermo receptors
  3. (c) Auditory receptors
  4. (d) Gustatory receptors
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Gustatory receptors

Topic: Sensory Receptors in Human Body
Gustatory receptorsare specialized sensory cells located on taste buds of the tongue.
They detect five basic tastes: sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami.
Other receptors: Olfactory (smell), Thermo (temperature), Auditory (sound).
Answer: Option 4 → Gustatory receptors
Plant Physiology and Morphology · Photosynthesis - process and factors

Q33. The process of fixing inorganic CO₂ into an organic form (sugar) is carried out in which of the following phases during photosynthesis?

  1. (a) Calvin-Benson cycle
  2. (b) Kreb’s cycle
  3. (c) Glycolysis
  4. (d) Light-dependent phase
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Calvin-Benson cycle

Topic:Photosynthesis - Carbon Fixation
Calvin-Benson Cycle (Dark Reaction/Light-Independent)
- Occurs in stroma of chloroplast
- Fixes atmospheric CO₂ into organic compounds
- Converts CO₂ → 3-PGA → G3P → Glucose
- Does not require direct light (uses ATP & NADPH from light reaction)
Other Options:
Kreb's cycle → Cellular respiration (mitochondria)
Glycolysis → Glucose breakdown (cytoplasm)
Light-dependent phase → Produces ATP & NADPH only
Answer: Option 1 → Calvin-Benson cycle
Plant Physiology and Morphology · Photosynthesis - process and factors

Q34. The primary "food" or energy source produced by the plant during photosynthesis is a type of:

  1. (a) Vitamin
  2. (b) Mineral
  3. (c) Protein
  4. (d) Carbohydrate
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Carbohydrate

Topic:Photosynthesis - Primary Product
During photosynthesis, plants convert CO₂ and H₂O into glucose using sunlight.
Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) is a simple sugar, which is acarbohydrate.
This glucose serves as the primary energy source for the plant.
Answer: Option 4 → Carbohydrate
Ecology and Environment · Pollution - effects on living beings

Q35. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2025, which pollutant was identified as the primary cause of increased respiratory illnesses due to air pollution?

  1. (a) Particulate matter (PM2.5)
  2. (b) Sulphur dioxide (SO\u2082)
  3. (c) Ozone (O\u2083)
  4. (d) Carbon monoxide (CO)
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Particulate matter (PM2.5)

Topic: Air Pollution & Health (WHO 2025)
Particulate Matter (PM2.5)- particles ≤2.5 micrometers
Key Facts:
• Penetrates deep into lungs and bloodstream
• Primary cause of respiratory illnesses globally
• WHO identifies PM2.5 as most harmful air pollutant
Sources: vehicle emissions, industrial smoke, burning
Answer: Option 1 → Particulate matter (PM2.5)

Medieval History (1)

Delhi Sultanate · Sultanate administration and iqta system

Q36. [TABLE]
Terms / Rulers | Descriptions
[/TABLE]
[TABLE]
A. Circle of Justice | 1. Concept explaining the interdependence of rulers, soldiers, and peasants
[/TABLE]
[TABLE]
B. Iqta | 2. Land granted to governors for revenue collection and military maintenance
[/TABLE]
[TABLE]
C. Razia Sultan | 3. Daughter of Iltutmish; faced opposition due to gender
[/TABLE]
[TABLE]
D. Minhaj-us-Siraj | 4. Chronicler critical of female ruler
[/TABLE]

  1. (a) A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2
  2. (b) A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3
  3. (c) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
  4. (d) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4

Administrative Terms - Delhi Sultanate
A. Circle of Justice:Persian concept adopted by Delhi Sultans explaining interdependence of rulers, soldiers, revenue, and peasants for stable governance.
B. Iqta:Land assignment system where governors (muqtis) collected revenue and maintained military forces in assigned territories.
C. Razia Sultan:Daughter of Sultan Iltutmish (1236-1240); first female Muslim ruler of India; faced opposition from nobles due to gender.
D. Minhaj-us-Siraj:Persian chronicler who wrote Tabaqat-i-Nasiri; documented Delhi Sultanate history; critical of Razia Sultan's rule.
Correct Matching:
A-1 (Circle of Justice → Interdependence concept)
B-2 (Iqta → Land grant system)
C-3 (Razia Sultan → Iltutmish's daughter)
Answer: Option 3 → A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4

Modern History (3)

Personalities, Newspapers, Books and Slogans · Slogans and their authors

Q37. Which leader famously declared 'Swaraj is my birth right and I shall have it' during the Extremist Phase of the Indian National Movement?

  1. (a) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
  2. (b) Aurobindo Ghose
  3. (c) Lala Lajpat Rai
  4. (d) Bipin Chandra Pal
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Bal Gangadhar Tilak

Topic: Indian National Movement - Extremist Phase
Bal Gangadhar Tilakfamously declared 'Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it' in 1916.
He was one of the prominent leaders of the Extremist/Assertive Nationalist group.
Known as 'Lokmanya Tilak' and 'Father of Indian Unrest'.
Answer: Option 1 → Bal Gangadhar Tilak
British Administration and Policies · Constitutional Acts under British rule

Q38. Which of the following Acts was enacted by the British Parliament to regulate the administration of the British East India Company’s territories in India, particularly in Bengal?

  1. (a) Charter Act, 1813
  2. (b) Regulating Act, 1773
  3. (c) Government of India Act, 1858
  4. (d) Pitt’s India Act, 1784
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Regulating Act, 1773

Topic: British Acts in India
Regulating Act, 1773was the first British Parliamentary Act to regulate East India Company's administration in India.
Key provisions:
• Established Governor-General post in Bengal (Warren Hastings - first)
• Created Supreme Court in Calcutta (1774)
• Made Company accountable to British Parliament
Other Acts:
• Charter Act 1813 - ended Company's trade monopoly
• Pitt's India Act 1784 - dual government system
• Govt of India Act 1858 - transferred power to British Crown
Answer: Option 2 → Regulating Act, 1773
Revolt of 1857 · Causes of the revolt

Q39. Which action connected with the new rifle system offended the religious beliefs of Indian sepoys and became a major cause of discontent in 1857?

  1. (a) Forcing sepoys to bite cartridges greased with animal fat
  2. (b) Prohibiting religious processions in army cantonments
  3. (c) Imposing a ban on temple entry
  4. (d) Manda ting Sunday church attendance for all soldiers
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Forcing sepoys to bite cartridges greased with animal fat

Topic: Revolt of 1857 - Immediate Cause
The Enfield rifle introduced in 1856 used cartridges greased with cow and pig fat.
Soldiers had tobite off the cartridgebefore loading the rifle.
This offended bothHindu sepoys(cow sacred) andMuslim sepoys(pig forbidden).
This became theimmediate triggerfor the 1857 uprising.
Answer: Option 1 → Forcing sepoys to bite cartridges greased with animal fat

Physics (1)

Light - Reflection and Mirrors · Nature and properties of light

Q40. Polaroid glass is used in photographic cameras because:

  1. (a) it improves the resolution of camera
  2. (b) it improves image processing
  3. (c) it helps in auto focus of the lens
  4. (d) it reduces the light intensity to half on account of polarisation
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) it reduces the light intensity to half on account of polarisation

Topic: Polaroid Glass in Cameras
Key Facts:
1. Polaroid glass acts as a polarizing filter
2. It blocks one plane of light vibration
3. Unpolarized light has vibrations in all planes
Working Principle:
When unpolarized light passes through polaroid,
only one plane of vibration is transmitted
This reduces intensity to approximately half
Application in Cameras:
Controls excessive light entering the lens
Answer: Option 4 → it reduces the light intensity to half on account of polarisation
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