RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2025-26 9 May 2026 Shift 1 GK Questions Asked – Question Paper with Answers & Solutions

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Subjects: Economics (3) · Medieval History (1) · Computer (4) · Geography (5) · Physics (3) · Static GK (2) · Current Affairs (7) · Modern History (3) · Polity (6) · Ancient History (3) · Biology (2)

Economics (3)

Industry and Infrastructure · LPG reforms of 1991

Q1. The main aim of globalisation in India was to____.

(a) Restrict and close foreign trade completely
(b) Promote only self-sufficiency within the nation
(c) Increase and maintain higher trade barriers
(d) Integrate Indian economy with global markets

Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Integrate Indian economy with global markets

Topic: Globalisation in India (1991 Economic Reforms)
Key Facts:
1. Globalisation aimed to open Indian economy to world markets
2. Reduced trade barriers and import restrictions
3. Encouraged foreign investment and technology transfer
4. Integration with global economy for growth and competition
Options 1, 2, 3 represent opposite policies (protectionism)
Answer: Option 4 → Integrate Indian economy with global markets

Poverty, Unemployment and Human Development · Types of unemployment

Q2. Which of the following is an example of structural unemployment?

(a) A textile worker loses the job due to industry automation
(b) A worker is laid off during a temporary dip in demand
(c) A person quits a job to pursue higher education
(d) A worker loses their job due to seasonal fluctuations in tourism

Answer & solution

Answer: (a) A textile worker loses the job due to industry automation

Structural Unemployment
Definition: Job loss due to fundamental changes in economy structure, technology, or industry shifts.
Analysis of Options:
Option 1: Automation replaces workers → permanent industry change →Structural
Option 2: Temporary demand dip →Cyclical unemployment
Option 3: Voluntary quit for education →Frictional unemployment
Option 4: Seasonal job loss →Seasonal unemployment
Answer: Option 1 → A textile worker loses the job due to industry automation

Money and Banking · NPAs and banking reforms (Narasimham, SARFAESI, IBC)

Q3. What was a significant objective of the fiscal and monetary policy reforms initiated in India post 1991?

(a) To decrease foreign investment in the financial sector
(b) To maintain fixed interest rates across all financial products
(c) To increase government control over the banking sector
(d) To stabilise the economy by liberalising interest rates and enhancing financial sector efficiency

Answer & solution

Answer: (d) To stabilise the economy by liberalising interest rates and enhancing financial sector efficiency

Topic: Economic Reforms 1991 - Fiscal & Monetary Policy
Key Objectives of 1991 Reforms:
1. Liberalisation of interest rates (ended administered pricing)
2. Enhanced financial sector efficiency through competition
3. Reduced government control, increased private participation
4. Stabilised economy through market-driven mechanisms
Context:1991 Balance of Payment crisis led to LPG reforms
(Liberalisation, Privatisation, Globalisation)
Answer: Option 4 → To stabilise the economy by liberalising interest rates and enhancing financial sector efficiency

Medieval History (1)

Bhakti, Sufi and Sikh Movements · Bhakti in Maharashtra and Bengal (Namdev, Tukaram, Chaitanya)

Q4. Through his renowned work Jnaneshwari, Sant Gyaneshwar rendered the Bhagavad Gita into which regional language?

(a) Malayalam
(b) Punjabi
(c) Odia
(d) Marathi

Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Marathi

Sant Gyaneshwar (Jnaneshwar)- 13th century Marathi saint and poet
Jnaneshwari (Bhavarth Deepika)- Commentary on Bhagavad Gita written in 1290 CE
He translated and explained the Bhagavad Gita inMarathilanguage
This made spiritual knowledge accessible to common people of Maharashtra
Answer: Option 4 → Marathi

Computer (4)

Software, Operating Systems and Programming · Popular operating systems

Q5. Which of the following statements is/are true or false about the Windows 11 Task Manager?(i) It can monitor network usage and identify which app is using the most bandwidth.(ii) It can only view or end unresponsive apps, not start new programs or processes.

(a) (i) False, (ii) False
(b) (i) False, (ii) True
(c) (i) True, (ii) False
(d) (i) True, (ii) True

Answer & solution

Answer: (c) (i) True, (ii) False

Windows 11 Task Manager Features:
Statement (i):Monitor network usage and identify bandwidth-consuming apps
✓ TRUE - Performance tab shows network usage
✓ App history tab displays network data per application
Statement (ii):Can only view/end apps, not start new programs
✗ FALSE - Task Manager has 'Run new task' option
✓ File menu → Run new task allows starting programs
✓ Can end tasks AND create new processes
Answer: Option 3 → (i) True, (ii) False

Abbreviations and Miscellaneous · Computer abbreviations

Q6. What does RAM stand for in a computer system?

(a) Read Access Memory
(b) Random Allocation Memory
(c) Random Access Memory
(d) Read-Only Access Memory

Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Random Access Memory

Topic: Computer Memory
RAMstands forRandom Access Memory.
It is a volatile memory that stores data temporarily while the computer is running.
Data can be read from or written to any location randomly, hence the name.
Answer: Option 3 → Random Access Memory

Software, Operating Systems and Programming · File extensions and formats

Q7. Which of the following file formats does not get affected by the destination format and version?

(a) .docx
(b) .ppt
(c) .pptx
(d) .pdf

Answer & solution

Answer: (d) .pdf

Topic: File Formats and Compatibility
.pdf (Portable Document Format)is designed to be platform-independent and version-independent.
Key characteristics of PDF:
• Preserves exact formatting regardless of software or device
• Not affected by destination format or version changes
• Displays same content on all systems
Other formats (.docx, .ppt, .pptx) are application-specific and may change appearance based on software version and compatibility.
Answer: Option 4 → .pdf

Software, Operating Systems and Programming · Types of software (system, application, utility)

Q8. A web browser such as Chrome is used to access the internet. This makes it a/an:

(a) Device troubleshooter
(b) Hardware
(c) Application software
(d) System software

Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Application software

Topic: Computer Software Classification
A web browser (Chrome, Firefox, Edge) is software that runs on top of the operating system to perform specific user tasks like browsing the internet.
Key Points:
•System Software:OS, drivers - manages hardware
•Application Software:Programs for specific tasks - browsers, MS Office, games
Chrome is an application that helps users access and view web content.
Answer: Option 3 → Application software

Geography (5)

Environment and Protected Areas · Elephant reserves and other conservation projects

Q9. Which animal is targeted in Project Hangul?

(a) Red panda
(b) Indian Bison
(c) Kashmir Stag
(d) Himalayan Musk deer

Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Kashmir Stag

Project Hangul
Hangul is the local name forKashmir Stag.
It is a critically endangered deer species found in
Dachigam National Park, Jammu & Kashmir.
Project Hangul was launched to conserve this species.
Answer: Option 3 → Kashmir Stag

India - Minerals, Energy and Industries · Power plants (thermal, hydro, nuclear, solar, wind)

Q10. The Bhadla Solar Park, one of the largest in the world, is located in which Indian state?

(a) Gujarat
(b) Maharashtra
(c) Madhya Pradesh
(d) Rajasthan

Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Rajasthan

Bhadla Solar Park
Location: Bhadla village, Jodhpur district,Rajasthan
Capacity:2,245 MW(one of world's largest)
Spread across: 14,000 acres in Thar Desert
Answer: Option 4 → Rajasthan

Atmosphere and Climate · Planetary, seasonal and local winds

Q11. Which season in India is characterised by hot, dry winds known as ‘Loo’?

(a) Pre-monsoon showers
(b) Retreating monsoon
(c) Summer season
(d) Cold weather season

Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Summer season

Topic: Indian Seasons and Climate
Loo- Strong, hot, dry westerly winds
Characteristics:
Blows across North and Northwest India
Occurs duringMay-June(peak summer)
Temperature can reach 45-50°C
Causes heat strokes and dehydration
Answer: Option 3 → Summer season

India - Agriculture · Irrigation in India

Q12. Tank irrigation is mainly practiced in which of the following states of India due to uneven terrain and less rainfall?

(a) Haryana
(b) Himachal Pradesh
(c) West Bengal
(d) Karnataka

Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Karnataka

Tank Irrigation in India
Tank irrigation involves storing rainwater in small reservoirs (tanks) for agricultural use.
Geographical Suitability:
• Practiced in areas with uneven/rocky terrain
• Regions with seasonal/scanty rainfall
• Hard rock plateau regions
Karnataka:
• Located in Deccan Plateau with undulating terrain
• Receives low to moderate rainfall (500-1000 mm)
• Rocky terrain prevents canal irrigation
• Has maximum number of tanks in India
Answer: Option 4 → Karnataka

India - Location, Physiography and Neighbours · Islands (Andaman & Nicobar, Lakshadweep)

Q13. Which of the following islands/island groups of India is of coral origin?

(a) Diu Island
(b) Lakshadweep Islands
(c) Nicobar Islands
(d) Andaman Islands

Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Lakshadweep Islands

Topic: Coral Islands of India
Coral Islands:Formed by accumulation of coral reefs
and skeletal remains of marine organisms.
Lakshadweep Islands:Entirely of coral origin,
located in Arabian Sea, formed from coral atolls.
Other Options:
Andaman & Nicobar → Volcanic origin
Diu → Continental island (sedimentary rocks)
Answer: Option 2 → Lakshadweep Islands

Physics (3)

Force and Laws of Motion · Numericals on force and momentum

Q14. What will be the resultant force if a body of mass 10 kg is moving with an acceleration of 5m/sec²?

(a) 5 Newton
(b) 2 Newton
(c) 50 Newton
(d) 2 Joule

Answer & solution

Answer: (c) 50 Newton

Given: Mass (m) = 10 kg, Acceleration (a) = 5 m/s²
Formula:Force (F) = Mass × Acceleration
F = m × a = 10 × 5 =50 N
Answer: Option 3 → 50 Newton

Work, Energy and Power · Work and its sign

Q15. In which of the following cases is the work done negative?

(a) Force and displacement are between 0° and 90°
(b) Force and displacement are between 90° and 180°
(c) Force and displacement are in the same direction
(d) Force and displacement are mutually perpendicular

Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Force and displacement are between 90° and 180°

Work Done Formula:W = F × d × cos θ
where θ = angle between force and displacement
Analysis:
• 0° < θ < 90° → cos θ is positive → W is positive
• θ = 90° → cos 90° = 0 → W = 0
• 90° < θ < 180° → cos θ is negative →W is negative
• θ = 0° (same direction) → cos 0° = 1 → W is positive
When angle is obtuse (90° to 180°), work done is negative.
Answer: Option 2 → Force and displacement are between 90° and 180°

Units, Measurement & Dimensions · Unit conversions and prefixes

Q16. Which of the following SI prefixes has a multiplicative factor of 10–⁹ ?

(a) Nano
(b) Centi
(c) Milli
(d) Micro

Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Nano

SI Prefix Multiplicative Factors:
Nano (n)= 10⁻⁹
Centi (c)= 10⁻²
Milli (m)= 10⁻³
Micro (μ)= 10⁻⁶
The prefix with factor 10⁻⁹ isNano.
Answer: Option 1 → Nano

Static GK (2)

Sports · Football and hockey

Q17. Which of the following situations in football leads to a 'Penalty Kick' being awarded?

(a) A player scores three consecutive goals
(b) A foul is committed inside the penalty area
(c) A player is offside
(d) The goalkeeper handles the ball outside the goal

Answer & solution

Answer: (b) A foul is committed inside the penalty area

Topic:Football Rules - Penalty Kick
APenalty Kickis awarded when a defending player commits a foul inside their own penalty area.
Common fouls: handball, tripping, pushing, holding an opponent.
Other options incorrect:
- Hat-trick (3 goals) = no penalty
- Offside = free kick, not penalty
- Goalkeeper handling outside box = free kick
Answer: Option 2 → A foul is committed inside the penalty area

Organisations and Headquarters · Founders and founding years

Q18. In which year was the Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan established for the development and promotion of Sanskrit?

(a) 1990
(b) 1970
(c) 1960
(d) 1980

Answer & solution

Answer: (b) 1970

Topic: Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan
The Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan is an autonomous organization under the Ministry of Education (formerly HRD).
It was established in1970as Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan to promote and develop Sanskrit education in India.
The institution has its headquarters in New Delhi and operates various campuses across India.
Answer: Option 2 → 1970

Current Affairs (7)

Economy, Banking and Business · Business and corporate news

Q19. Which company announced in 2025 that it plans to invest US$15 billion for the expansion of airports in India by 2030?

(a) Reliance Group
(b) Tata Group
(c) Jindal Group
(d) Adani Group

Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Adani Group

Topic: Current Affairs 2025 - Infrastructure Investment
Adani Group's Airport Expansion Plan:
• Announced US$15 billion investment for airport expansion in India by 2030
• Adani Airport Holdings operates 8 airports across India
• Major airports: Mumbai, Ahmedabad, Lucknow, Mangaluru, Jaipur, Guwahati, Thiruvananthapuram
• Largest private airport operator in India
Answer: Option 4 → Adani Group

Science, Technology and Space - Current · Technology launches and AI

Q20. According to a 2025 release by the Department of Science and Technology, the new sodium-ion battery developed at Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) can be fast-charged to about 80% in roughly:

(a) 16 minutes
(b) 26 minutes
(c) 6 minutes
(d) 36 minutes

Answer & solution

Answer: (c) 6 minutes

Topic: Recent Development in Battery Technology (2025)
JNCASR Sodium-Ion Battery Innovation:
The Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research
(JNCASR), Bengaluru developed a breakthrough sodium-ion battery.
Key Feature: Ultra-fast charging capability - can charge to
approximately 80% capacity in just6 minutes.
This represents a significant advancement in battery technology,
making it suitable for electric vehicles and energy storage.
Answer: Option 3 → 6 minutes

State News · State schemes and events

Q21. After months of deadlock and implementation refusal, which State Government in November 2025 mandated the digitization of Waqf properties on the UMEED portal?

(a) Andhra Pradesh
(b) West Bengal
(c) Kerala
(d) Bihar

Answer & solution

Answer: (b) West Bengal

Topic: Waqf Property Digitization (November 2025)
After months of deadlock and resistance,West Bengal Governmentmandated the digitization of Waqf properties on theUMEED portalin November 2025.
UMEED (Unified Management of Endowment and Estate Data) is a centralized digital platform for managing Waqf properties across India.
West Bengal had initially refused implementation but later complied with the directive.
Answer: Option 2 → West Bengal

Appointments and Resignations · National appointments

Q22. Which body’s Chairperson was appointed on 1 September 2025, with Ajay Seth taking over the role?

(a) NITI Aayog
(b) Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)
(c) Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI)
(d) Reserve Bank of India (RBI)

Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI)

Appointment: Ajay Seth as IRDAI Chairperson
Date: 1 September 2025
Ajay Seth, former Economic Affairs Secretary, was appointed as the Chairperson ofInsurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI).
IRDAI regulates and promotes the insurance and reinsurance industries in India.
Answer: Option 3 → Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI)

Environment and Climate - Current · Climate summits (COP)

Q23. Which session of the UN Climate Change Conference was held in Baku, Azerbaijan, in November 2024?

(a) COP28
(b) COP26
(c) COP29
(d) COP27

Answer & solution

Answer: (c) COP29

Topic: UN Climate Change Conference (COP)
COP29 was held inBaku, AzerbaijanfromNovember 11-22, 2024.
Key Focus: Climate finance, loss and damage fund, and emission reduction targets.
Previous: COP28 (Dubai 2023), COP27 (Egypt 2022), COP26 (Glasgow 2021).
Answer: Option 3 → COP29

International Affairs and Summits · Global events and elections

Q24. In 2025, who among the following became the first female Prime Minister of Japan?

(a) Satsuki Katayama
(b) Yōko Kamikawa
(c) Kimi Onoda
(d) Sanae Takaichi

Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Sanae Takaichi

Topic:Japan's First Female Prime Minister (2025)
Sanae Takaichibecame Japan's first female Prime Minister in 2025.
She is a member of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP).
Previously served as Minister of Internal Affairs and Communications.
Answer: Option 4 → Sanae Takaichi

Science, Technology and Space - Current · Space missions - current

Q25. What is the primary goal of the Bharatiya Antariksha Station (BAS) initiative announced by ISRO?

(a) To build India’s first space telescope
(b) To privatize satellite launches in India
(c) To launch India’s first human mission to Mars
(d) To establish an indigenous space station

Answer & solution

Answer: (d) To establish an indigenous space station

Bharatiya Antariksha Station (BAS)
ISRO announced the BAS initiative to establish India's own indigenous space station in low Earth orbit.
The station is planned to be operational by 2035, following the success of Gaganyaan missions.
BAS will enable long-term human presence in space and advanced scientific research capabilities.
Answer: Option 4 → To establish an indigenous space station

Modern History (3)

Revolt of 1857 · Centres and leaders

Q26. In which year was the Indian freedom fighter Tantia Tope, a prominent leader of the Revolt of 1857, executed by the British?

(a) 1857
(b) 1860
(c) 1859
(d) 1858

Answer & solution

Answer: (c) 1859

Tantia Tope (Ramachandra Pandurang Tope)
Key Facts:
• Prominent general in the 1857 Revolt
• Close associate of Nana Sahib and Rani Lakshmibai
• Led guerrilla warfare against British forces
• Captured in April 1859 by British forces
•Executed on 18 April 1859in Shivpuri, Madhya Pradesh
Answer: Option 3 → 1859

British Administration and Policies · Education policies and commissions

Q27. Which policy decision of Lord Curzon directly provoked strong nationalist opposition in the early 1900s?

(a) Altering advisory council arrangements without increasing Indian representation.
(b) Enacting the Universities Act of 1904, which tightened official control over Indian higher education.
(c) Issuing minor administrative regulations that changed routine procedures in provincial departments.
(d) Revising local body finances by making small adjustments to grants and supervisory rules.

Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Enacting the Universities Act of 1904, which tightened official control over Indian higher education.

Lord Curzon's Policies and Nationalist Opposition
Universities Act of 1904:
- Increased government control over universities
- Reduced autonomy of Indian educational institutions
- Restricted freedom of academic activities
- Seen as attempt to curb nationalist thought in education
Impact:
Strong opposition from Indian nationalists and intellectuals who viewed it as suppression of educational freedom and nationalist ideas.
Answer: Option 2 → Enacting the Universities Act of 1904, which tightened official control over Indian higher education.

Gandhian Era · Khilafat and Non-Cooperation Movement

Q28. What event caused Mahatma Gandhi to withdraw the non-cooperation movement in February 1922?

(a) A nationwide strike by textile workers in Bombay and Ahmedabad.
(b) The violent attack on policemen during the Chauri Chaura incident.
(c) A decision by the British to suspend restrictions on civil liberties.
(d) The approval of a new round of constitutional negotiations by London.

Answer & solution

Answer: (b) The violent attack on policemen during the Chauri Chaura incident.

Topic: Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922)
Chauri Chaura Incident - February 4, 1922
Location: Chauri Chaura, Gorakhpur (Uttar Pradesh)
A mob of protesters attacked a police station, killing 22 policemen by setting the station on fire.
Gandhi's Response:
Shocked by the violence, Gandhi immediately withdrew the Non-Cooperation Movement on February 12, 1922.
He believed the movement had turned violent, contradicting his principle of non-violence (Ahimsa).
Answer: Option 2 → The violent attack on policemen during the Chauri Chaura incident.

Polity (6)

Elections, Parties and Representation · Delimitation and reservation of seats

Q29. Which post-100th Amendment is the most recent and aims to reserve seats for women, with certain transitional and delimitation requirements before it becomes fully operational?

(a) 103rd Amendment
(b) 106th Amendment
(c) 104th Amendment
(d) 105th Amendment

Answer & solution

Answer: (b) 106th Amendment

Topic: Constitutional Amendments - Women's Reservation
106th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2023
Provides33% reservation for womenin Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies.
Passed in September 2023, received Presidential assent.
Key Feature:Implementation after delimitation exercise and census.
Most recent post-100th Amendment with transitional requirements.
Note:103rd = EWS quota, 104th = SC/ST quota extension, 105th = State powers restoration.
Answer: Option 2 → 106th Amendment

Emergency and Centre-State Relations · National Emergency (Article 352)

Q30. Suspension of enforcement of Fundamental Rights except Articles 20 and 21 occurs under which Article of the Indian Constitution?

(a) Article 360
(b) Article 353
(c) Article 352
(d) Article 359

Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Article 359

Topic: Fundamental Rights during Emergency
Article 359- Suspension of enforcement of Fundamental Rights during Emergency
During National Emergency (Article 352), President can suspend the right to move any court for enforcement of Fundamental Rights.
Exception:Articles 20 and 21 cannot be suspended (Right to Life and Personal Liberty, Protection against conviction).
Article 352 - Proclamation of Emergency
Article 353 - Effect of Emergency on Centre-State relations
Article 360 - Financial Emergency
Answer: Option 4 → Article 359

Judiciary · Tribunals, Lok Adalats and legal services

Q31. In which year did Junagadh district gain recognition for organizing the country’s first-ever Lok Adalat at Una?

(a) 1983
(b) 1985
(c) 1984
(d) 1982

Answer & solution

Answer: (d) 1982

Topic: Lok Adalat - Historical Milestone
First Lok Adalat in India:
Organized in Una, Junagadh district, Gujarat
Year:1982
Key Facts:
• Pioneer initiative in alternative dispute resolution
• Set precedent for nationwide Lok Adalat system
• Legal Services Authorities Act formalized it in 1987
Answer: Option 4 → 1982

Union, Territory and Citizenship · Citizenship Act - acquisition and loss

Q32. According to the Constitution of India, Citizenship by incorporation of territory applies when _________________.

(a) India acquires new territory
(b) A state is divided into two
(c) A foreigner resides for five years
(d) A citizen moves from one state to another

Answer & solution

Answer: (a) India acquires new territory

Citizenship by Incorporation of Territory
Article 2 empowers Parliament to admit new states or establish new states.
When India acquires/incorporates new territory, persons residing there may become Indian citizens.
Example: Pondicherry (1962), Goa, Daman & Diu (1961) incorporation.
State division (Option 2) doesn't affect citizenship - already citizens.
Five years residence (Option 3) relates to naturalization, not incorporation.
Answer: Option 1 → India acquires new territory

Judiciary · Public Interest Litigation

Q33. Which of the following judicial approaches is best exemplified by the practice of Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in India?

(a) Judicial Activism
(b) Judicial Restraint
(c) Judicial Absolutism
(d) Judicial Passivism

Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Judicial Activism

Topic: Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in India
PILallows any citizen to approach courts for public causes, even without direct personal injury.
Introduced in 1980s by Justice P.N. Bhagwati and Justice V.R. Krishna Iyer.
Courts proactively take up cases on social issues like environment, human rights, corruption.
This representsJudicial Activism- courts actively interpreting law to protect public interest beyond traditional boundaries.
Judicial Restraint = courts limit their role; Absolutism/Passivism = not standard judicial terms.
Answer: Option 1 → Judicial Activism

Union, Territory and Citizenship · Union and its territory (Articles 1-4)

Q34. As of November 2025, Article 1 of the Indian Constitution classifies Indian territory into how many distinct categories under Constitutional provisions?

(a) Four
(b) Two
(c) Three
(d) Five

Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Three

Topic: Indian Constitution - Article 1
Article 1: Name and Territory of the Union
Article 1 classifies Indian territory intothree categories:
1.The States
2.The Union Territories
3.Territories that may be acquired
This classification defines the territorial jurisdiction of India.
Answer: Option 3 → Three

Ancient History (3)

Gupta Empire · Gupta literature and scholars

Q35. Kalidasa, the celebrated Sanskrit poet and dramatist, flourished in the court of which Gupta ruler?

(a) Chandragupta I
(b) Skandagupta
(c) Chandragupta II
(d) Samudragupta

Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Chandragupta II

Topic: Gupta Period - Literature and Culture
Kalidasawas one of theNavaratnas (Nine Gems)in the court ofChandragupta II(also known asVikramaditya).
Chandragupta II ruled from380-415 CE, marking theGolden Ageof the Gupta Empire.
Kalidasa's famous works:Abhijnanasakuntalam, Meghaduta, Raghuvamsa, Kumarasambhava.
Answer: Option 3 → Chandragupta II

Indus Valley Civilisation · Artefacts and findings

Q36. Name the popular technique used by the Harappans for casting bronze.

(a) Lost-Wax Technique
(b) Open Mould Casting Technique
(c) Die Casting Technique
(d) Sand Casting Technique

Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Lost-Wax Technique

Harappan Bronze Casting Technique
The Harappans used theLost-Wax (Cire Perdue) Techniquefor casting bronze sculptures.
Famous example: TheDancing Girl of Mohenjo-Darobronze statue was created using this method.
Process: A wax model is covered with clay, heated to melt the wax, then molten bronze is poured into the hollow mold.
This technique allowed creation of intricate and detailed bronze artifacts.
Answer: Option 1 → Lost-Wax Technique

Post-Mauryan Period · Shakas and Parthians

Q37. Which of the following rulers issued the famous Junagarh inscription?

(a) Nahapana
(b) Rudradaman I
(c) Kanishka
(d) Kadphises I

Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Rudradaman I

Junagarh Inscription (150 CE)
Issued byRudradaman I, Saka Satrap ruler.
Located at Girnar Hill, Gujarat.
Written inSanskrit, earliest long inscription in Sanskrit.
Records repair of Sudarshana Lake (built by Chandragupta Maurya).
Answer: Option 2 → Rudradaman I

Biology (2)

Control and Coordination · Endocrine glands and hormones

Q38. Which pancreatic hormone regulates blood glucose levels by stimulating the uptake of glucose by body cells?

(a) Cortisol
(b) Glucagon
(c) Thyroxine
(d) Insulin

Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Insulin

Topic:Pancreatic Hormones and Blood Glucose Regulation
Insulinis secreted by beta cells of pancreas.
Function: Lowers blood glucose by promoting glucose uptake into cells.
Converts excess glucose to glycogen (stored in liver and muscles).
Glucagonhas opposite effect - raises blood glucose.
Answer: Option 4 → Insulin

Biotechnology and Applied Biology · Agricultural practices (manures, fertilisers, irrigation, weeding)

Q39. Which irrigation technique is considered most efficient for conserving water?

(a) Canal irrigation
(b) Sprinkler irrigation
(c) Drip irrigation
(d) Flood irrigation

Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Drip irrigation

Topic: Irrigation Techniques - Water Efficiency
Drip Irrigation:Water delivered directly to plant roots through pipes/tubes.
Water efficiency:90-95%(minimal evaporation & wastage).
Comparison:
Sprinkler: 70-80% efficient (some evaporation loss).
Canal/Flood: 40-60% efficient (high seepage & evaporation).
Answer: Option 3 → Drip irrigation

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