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RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2025-26 25 March 2026 Shift 1 GK Questions – with answers & solutions

All 38 GK / GS questions asked in RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2025-26 on 25 March 2026 Shift 1, with correct answers and short solutions, subject-wise: Current Affairs, Polity, Geography, Physics, Static GK, Modern History.

📚 38 questions🗓️ 25 March 2026⏰ Shift 1
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Subjects: Current Affairs (6) · Polity (7) · Geography (5) · Physics (3) · Static GK (2) · Modern History (3) · Biology (2) · Computer (4) · Ancient History (3) · Medieval History (1) · Economics (2)

Current Affairs (6)

International Affairs and Summits · International organisations - current

Q1. What is the primary objective of the UN80 Initiative launched by the UN Secretary-General in 2025?

  1. (a) To expand military presence in conflict zones
  2. (b) To improve efficiency and cost-effectiveness within the UN
  3. (c) To c r eate a new global currency
  4. (d) To promote global tourism
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) To improve efficiency and cost-effectiveness within the UN

UN80 Initiative (2025)
Launched by UN Secretary-General to mark the organization's upcoming 80th anniversary in 2025.
Primary objective: Comprehensive reform to enhance operational efficiency and reduce costs across UN operations.
Focus areas: Streamlining bureaucracy, optimizing resource allocation, and improving service delivery.
Answer: Option 2 → To improve efficiency and cost-effectiveness within the UN
International Affairs and Summits · Summits and conferences

Q2. The 47th ASEAN Summit in October 2025 primarily focused on which of the following issues?

  1. (a) Trade tariffs
  2. (b) Inclusivity & Sustainability
  3. (c) Digital transformation
  4. (d) Food safety
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Inclusivity & Sustainability

47th ASEAN Summit - October 2025
The summit was held in Vientiane, Laos.
Primary Focus:Inclusivity & Sustainability
Key themes included inclusive growth, sustainable development,
and regional cooperation for equitable progress.
Answer: Option 2 → Inclusivity & Sustainability
Reports, Indices and Rankings · National indices and rankings

Q3. According to the NIRF Rankings 2025 released in September 2025, which institute secured the top overall position?

  1. (a) IIT Bombay
  2. (b) AIIMS Delhi
  3. (c) IISc Bengaluru
  4. (d) IIT Madras
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) IIT Madras

NIRF Rankings 2025 (Released September 2025)
Overall Category Top Position:
IIT Madras secured the1st rankin overall category.
IIT Madras has consistently maintained top positions in NIRF rankings.
Answer: Option 4 → IIT Madras
Science, Technology and Space - Current · Research breakthroughs - current

Q4. In December 2025, which advanced brain stent was successfully trialed by AIIMS Delhi under the GRASSROOT trial?

  1. (a) Supernova stent
  2. (b) OncoMark
  3. (c) da Vinci
  4. (d) Vikram-I
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Supernova stent

Topic:GRASSROOT Trial - AIIMS Delhi (December 2025)
Advanced Brain Stent:Supernova stent
Key Facts:
- Successfully trialed at AIIMS Delhi
- Part of GRASSROOT clinical trial
- Advanced neurovascular intervention device
Other options:
- OncoMark: Cancer diagnostic marker
- da Vinci: Surgical robotic system
- Vikram-I: Space/launch vehicle
Answer: Option 1 → Supernova stent
International Affairs and Summits · International organisations - current

Q5. In November 2025, Oman enhanced its global environmental leadership by joining which international council?

  1. (a) IUCN Council
  2. (b) UNEP Governing Council
  3. (c) UNESCO World Heritage Committee
  4. (d) UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Council
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Council

Topic: International Environmental Organizations
InNovember 2025, Oman joined theUNESCO Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Council.
The MAB Programme promotes sustainable development and biodiversity conservation through biosphere reserves.
This membership strengthens Oman's role in global environmental governance and conservation efforts.
Answer: Option 4 → UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Council
National Affairs and Government Initiatives · National events and launches

Q6. In December 2025, which organization hosted the national stakeholder consultation on the High Seas Treaty (BBNJ) in Kochi, India?

  1. (a) Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
  2. (b) Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute
  3. (c) Indian Council of Agricultural Research
  4. (d) Food and Agriculture Organization
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute

Topic: High Seas Treaty (BBNJ) Consultation - December 2025
Key Facts:
1.CMFRI(Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute) hosted the national stakeholder consultation on theHigh Seas Treaty (BBNJ)inKochi, Indiain December 2025.
2.BBNJ= Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction Treaty, also known as theHigh Seas Treaty.
3. CMFRI is under ICAR and is India's premier marine fisheries research organization located in Kochi, Kerala.
Answer: Option 2 → Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute

Polity (7)

Judiciary · Supreme Court - jurisdiction (original, appellate, advisory)

Q7. Which Article of the Indian Constitution empowers the Supreme Court to review any judgment pronounced or order made by it?

  1. (a) Article 145
  2. (b) Article 141
  3. (c) Article 136
  4. (d) Article 137
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Article 137

Topic:Supreme Court Powers - Review Jurisdiction
Article 137- Review of judgments or orders by the Supreme Court
Key Provision: Subject to provisions of any law made by Parliament and rules under Article 145, the Supreme Court has power to review any judgment pronounced or order made by it.
Other Articles:
Article 136 - Special Leave Petition (SLP)
Article 141 - Law declared by SC binding on all courts
Article 145 - Rules of Court, procedure
Answer: Option 4 → Article 137
Special Provisions, Official Language and Miscellaneous Provisions · Official language (Part XVII) and Eighth Schedule languages

Q8. What is the total number of languages listed under the 8th Schedule of the Constitution of India, as on 30 June 2024?

  1. (a) 26
  2. (b) 22
  3. (c) 16
  4. (d) 20
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) 22

8th Schedule of Indian Constitution
Originally contained14 languagesin 1950.
Sindhi added by21st Amendment (1967).
Konkani, Manipuri, Nepali added by71st Amendment (1992).
Bodo, Dogri, Maithili, Santhali added by92nd Amendment (2003).
Total languages = 14 + 1 + 3 + 4 =22
As on 30 June 2024,22 languagesare listed.
Answer: Option 2 → 22
Constitutional and Non-Constitutional Bodies · GST Council

Q9. In the decision-making process of the GST Council, how is the voting power distributed between the Central Government and the State Governments?

  1. (a) Centre = 1/2, States = 1/2
  2. (b) Centre = 1/3, States = 2/3
  3. (c) Centre = 2/3, States = 1/3
  4. (d) States alone = 1 , Centre = 0
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Centre = 1/3, States = 2/3

GST Council Voting Power Distribution
Constitutional Provision: Article 279A
The GST Council makes decisions through voting when consensus fails.
Voting Power Formula:
• Central Government (Union Finance Minister) =1/3 voting power
• All State Governments combined =2/3 voting power
Decision requires at least3/4 majorityof weighted votes.
This ensures states have collective dominance while giving Centre significant say.
Answer: Option 2 → Centre = 1/3, States = 2/3
DPSP and Fundamental Duties · DPSP - features and classification

Q10. According to L. M. Singhvi, what are the Directive Principles of State Policy considered as?

  1. (a) Fundamental Rights
  2. (b) Moral Rights
  3. (c) Legal Rights
  4. (d) Life-giving provisions of the Constitution
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Life-giving provisions of the Constitution

L. M. Singhvi's View on DPSPs
L. M. Singhvi was a renowned jurist and constitutional expert.
He described theDirective Principles of State Policy (DPSPs)as the'Life-giving provisions of the Constitution'.
This metaphor emphasizes that DPSPs provide vitality and direction to the Constitution by guiding state policy towards social and economic justice.
Unlike Fundamental Rights (justiciable), DPSPs are non-justiciable but fundamental in governance.
Answer: Option 4 → Life-giving provisions of the Constitution
Local Government · 74th Amendment - urban local bodies

Q11. Article 243V of the Indian Constitution applies to disqualification for membership in which type of body?

  1. (a) State Legislature
  2. (b) Panchayats
  3. (c) District Council
  4. (d) Municipality
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Municipality

Topic: Indian Constitution - Article 243V
Part IX-Aof the Constitution deals with Municipalities (Articles 243P to 243ZG).
Article 243Vspecifically deals with disqualification for membership of Municipalities.
It states that a person shall be disqualified for being chosen as, and for being, a member of a Municipality if disqualified under any law for the time being in force for the purposes of elections to the Legislature of the State.
Note:Article 191 deals with State Legislature disqualification, Article 243F deals with Panchayat disqualification.
Answer: Option 4 → Municipality
Special Provisions, Official Language and Miscellaneous Provisions · Co-operative societies (Part IXB)

Q12. The 97th Constitutional Amendment provided constitutional status to which of the following?

  1. (a) District Planning Committees
  2. (b) Metropolitan Councils
  3. (c) Cooperative Societies
  4. (d) Market Regulatory Boards
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Cooperative Societies

97th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2011
Key Provisions:
• Added Article 43B - State policy to promote cooperative societies
• Added Article 19(1)(c) - Right to form cooperative societies as Fundamental Right
• Added Part IXB (Articles 243ZH to 243ZT) - Provisions relating to cooperative societies
This amendment gaveconstitutional status and protection to cooperative societies
Answer: Option 3 → Cooperative Societies
Fundamental Rights · Fundamental Rights - general (Articles 12, 13)

Q13. Consider the following statements.
1. Article 13 provides for judicial review of both pre-constitutional and post-constitutional laws.
2. Article 13 declares that all laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the Fundamental Rights shall be null and void.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

  1. (a) 1 only
  2. (b) Neither 1 nor 2
  3. (c) 2 only
  4. (d) Both 1 and 2
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Both 1 and 2

Topic: Article 13 - Laws Inconsistent with Fundamental Rights
Statement 1 Analysis:
Article 13(1) covers pre-constitutional laws (laws in force before Constitution)
Article 13(2) covers post-constitutional laws (laws made after Constitution)
Both are subject to judicial review if they violate Fundamental Rights
Statement 1 is CORRECT ✓
Statement 2 Analysis:
Article 13(2) explicitly states: 'The State shall not make any law which takes away or abridges the rights conferred by Part III'
Any law inconsistent with Fundamental Rights shall be void to the extent of inconsistency
Statement 2 is CORRECT ✓
Answer: Option 4 → Both 1 and 2

Geography (5)

India - Minerals, Energy and Industries · Industrial regions and cities

Q14. Which of the following is an example of a minor industrial region of India?

  1. (a) Brahmaputra valley
  2. (b) Hugli region
  3. (c) Gujarat region
  4. (d) Chota Nagpur region
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Brahmaputra valley

Industrial Regions of India Classification
Major Industrial Regions:
Hugli region (Kolkata) - oldest, jute, engineering
Gujarat region (Ahmedabad-Vadodara) - textiles, petrochemicals
Chota Nagpur region - minerals, heavy industries
Minor Industrial Regions:
Brahmaputra valley - tea processing, oil refineries
Limited industrial base, scattered units
Primarily agro-based and resource extraction
Answer: Option 1 → Brahmaputra valley
Environment and Protected Areas · National parks

Q15. In 2025, which state government announced the creation of a new eco-sensitive zone around the Bannerghatta National Park?

  1. (a) Gujarat
  2. (b) Madhya Pradesh
  3. (c) Kerala
  4. (d) Karnataka
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Karnataka

Topic: Eco-Sensitive Zone - Bannerghatta National Park
Bannerghatta National Parkis located in Karnataka, near Bangalore.
In 2025,Karnataka governmentannounced creation of eco-sensitive zone around this park.
Purpose: Protect wildlife habitat and regulate activities around the park.
Answer: Option 4 → Karnataka
India - Agriculture · Cash crops and leading states (cotton, jute, sugarcane, tea, coffee, rubber)

Q16. Tea cultivation in India is mainly concentrated in which of the following regions?

  1. (a) North-Eastern Hills
  2. (b) Thar Desert
  3. (c) Central Plateau
  4. (d) Aravali Hills
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) North-Eastern Hills

Topic: Tea Cultivation in India
India is the 2nd largest tea producer globally.
Major Tea Growing Regions:
Assam - Largest tea producing state (Brahmaputra Valley)
West Bengal - Darjeeling and Dooars regions
Tamil Nadu - Nilgiri Hills
Kerala - High ranges
North-Eastern Hills(Assam, West Bengal hills) account
for over 80% of India's total tea production.
Favorable conditions: High rainfall, humidity, well-drained
Answer: Option 1 → North-Eastern Hills
Lithosphere - Earth's Interior and Landforms · Interior of the Earth - layers and discontinuities

Q17. At approximately what depth inside the Earth is the boundary between the mantle and the core located?

  1. (a) 1,900 km
  2. (b) 2,900 km
  3. (c) 3,900 km
  4. (d) 4,900 km
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) 2,900 km

Earth's Internal Structure
The Earth has three main layers:
• Crust (0-100 km)
• Mantle (100-2,900 km)
• Core (2,900-6,371 km)
TheGutenberg Discontinuitymarks the boundary between the mantle and outer core.
This boundary is located at approximately2,900 kmdepth from Earth's surface.
Answer: Option 2 → 2,900 km
India - Climate, Soils and Natural Vegetation · Indian monsoon - mechanism

Q18. What is the primary reason for the intensification of the monsoon trough over North India by the end of May?

  1. (a) Shift in wind patterns
  2. (b) High temperature in the region
  3. (c) Decrease in humidity
  4. (d) Increase in atmospheric pressure
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) High temperature in the region

Monsoon Trough Intensification
By end of May, North India experiences extreme heating.
Key Process:
High temperature → Low pressure zone formation
Creates thermal low over Indo-Gangetic plains
This intensifies the monsoon trough
Facts:
Temperature reaches 45-48°C in May-June
Heat low attracts moisture-laden winds
Trough acts as convergence zone for monsoon
Answer: Option 2 → High temperature in the region

Physics (3)

Work, Energy and Power · Conservation and transformation of energy

Q19. Which two forms of energy together make up the total mechanical energy of an object?

  1. (a) Light and heat energy
  2. (b) Potential and kinetic energy
  3. (c) Heat and sound energy
  4. (d) Electrical and chemical energy
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Potential and kinetic energy

Mechanical Energy Components
Mechanical energy is the energy possessed by an object due to its motion or position.
Two forms:
1.Potential Energy (PE)- Energy due to position or configuration
2.Kinetic Energy (KE)- Energy due to motion
Total Mechanical Energy = PE + KE
Example: A swinging pendulum has both PE (at height) and KE (during motion).
Answer: Option 2 → Potential and kinetic energy
Light - Refraction and Lenses · Laws of refraction and Snell's law

Q20. The phenomenon called ________ occurs when light passes from one transparent medium to another.

  1. (a) refraction
  2. (b) scattering
  3. (c) reflection
  4. (d) diffraction
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) refraction

Topic: Behavior of Light
Refractionis the bending of light when it passes from one transparent medium to another (e.g., air to water).
This occurs due to change in speed of light in different media.
Other phenomena:
• Reflection - bouncing back of light from a surface
• Scattering - light spreads in different directions
• Diffraction - bending around obstacles/edges
Answer: Option 1 → refraction
Units, Measurement & Dimensions · SI base units

Q21. _______ is the SI unit used for measuring thermodynamic temperature.

  1. (a) Rankine
  2. (b) Kelvin
  3. (c) Celsius
  4. (d) Fahrenheit
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Kelvin

SI Unit of Thermodynamic Temperature
The International System of Units (SI) definesKelvin (K)as the base unit for thermodynamic temperature.
Other temperature scales:
• Celsius (°C) - derived unit, not SI base unit
• Fahrenheit (°F) - imperial system
• Rankine (°R) - absolute scale in imperial system
Kelvin scale starts from absolute zero (0 K = -273.15°C).
Answer: Option 2 → Kelvin

Static GK (2)

Awards and Honours · Padma awards

Q22. Which award did Pandit Hariprasad Chaurasia receive in 1992 for his contribution to Indian music?

  1. (a) Maharashtra Gaurav Puraskar
  2. (b) Padma Vibhushan
  3. (c) Padma Shri
  4. (d) Padma Bhushan
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Padma Bhushan

Pandit Hariprasad Chaurasia, the legendary Indian classical flautist (bansuri player), was honored with the Padma Bhushan in 1992 for his exceptional contributions to Indian music.
(Note: He later went on to receive India's second-highest civilian award, the Padma Vibhushan, in the year 2000.)
Organisations and Headquarters · Founders and founding years

Q23. In which of the following years was the School of Minerals, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering (SMMME) established at Bhubaneswar?

  1. (a) 1995
  2. (b) 1984
  3. (c) 2002
  4. (d) 2012
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) 2012

Topic:School of Minerals, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering (SMMME)
Location:Bhubaneswar(IIT Bhubaneswar)
The SMMME was established as one of the initial schools when IIT Bhubaneswar started its academic operations.
Year of Establishment:2012
Answer: Option 4 → 2012

Modern History (3)

Gandhian Era · Civil Disobedience Movement and Dandi March

Q24. In which year did Mahatma Gandhi break the Salt Act at Dandi?

  1. (a) 1929
  2. (b) 1930
  3. (c) 1928
  4. (d) 1931
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) 1930

Dandi March (Salt Satyagraha)
Started: March 12, 1930 from Sabarmati Ashram
Gandhi reached Dandi on April 6, 1930
Broke Salt Law by making salt from seawater
This act defied British monopoly on salt production
Answer: Option 2 → 1930
Advent of Europeans and British Expansion · Portuguese

Q25. Which of the following cities did Vasco da Gama first reach in India after discovering the all-sea route from Europe?

  1. (a) Goa
  2. (b) Surat
  3. (c) Diu
  4. (d) Calicut
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Calicut

Topic: Vasco da Gama's Arrival in India
Historical Fact:
Vasco da Gama discovered the sea route from Europe to India in1498.
He sailed around the Cape of Good Hope (Africa) and crossed the Indian Ocean.
First landing:Calicut (Kozhikode)on the Malabar Coast of Kerala.
He was received by the Zamorin (ruler) of Calicut.
This opened direct trade between Europe and India, bypassing Arab middlemen.
Answer: Option 4 → Calicut
Advent of Europeans and British Expansion · Portuguese

Q26. Who was the first Portuguese Governor to implement the "Blue Water Policy" in India?

  1. (a) Vasco da Gama
  2. (b) Alfonso de Albuquerque
  3. (c) Francisco de Almeida
  4. (d) Pedro Álvares Cabral
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Francisco de Almeida

Blue Water Policy
Policy: Naval supremacy without territorial expansion.
Francisco de Almeida(1505-1509) was the first Portuguese Governor in India.
He implemented the Blue Water Policy - focusing on controlling sea routes and trade through naval power.
Defeated combined fleet atBattle of Diu (1509), establishing Portuguese naval dominance.
Answer: Option 3 → Francisco de Almeida

Biology (2)

Plant Physiology and Morphology · Plant secretions and defence (latex, resins)

Q27. Many plants secrete a sticky milky fluid and use it for their defence mechanism. This fluid is known as ___________________.

  1. (a) enzyme
  2. (b) plant hormone
  3. (c) latex
  4. (d) cell sap
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) latex

Topic: Plant Defence Mechanism
Many plants secrete asticky milky fluidas a defence mechanism.
This fluid is calledLatex.
Examples: Rubber tree, Papaya, Euphorbia, Poppy.
Function: Protects against herbivores and insects.
Answer: Option 3 → latex
Ecology and Environment · Sustainable development and Earth's spheres

Q28. Which of the following reports of the Brundtland Commission (1987) defined the concept of sustainable development?

  1. (a) Limits to Growth
  2. (b) Silent Spring
  3. (c) Agenda 21
  4. (d) Our Common Future
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Our Common Future

Brundtland Commission Report (1987)
The World Commission on Environment and Development, chaired by Gro Harlem Brundtland, published'Our Common Future'in 1987.
This report first definedSustainable Developmentas: 'Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.'
Other options: Limits to Growth (1972 - Club of Rome), Silent Spring (1962 - Rachel Carson), Agenda 21 (1992 - Rio Summit).
Answer: Option 4 → Our Common Future

Computer (4)

Data Representation and Logic · Computer codes (ASCII, Unicode, BCD, EBCDIC)

Q29. Which of the following statements about ASCII is correct?

  1. (a) ASCII is a type of local area network
  2. (b) ASCII is used to store audio on a CD
  3. (c) ASCII represents characters using numeric codes
  4. (d) ASCII is a high-capacity optical disk format
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) ASCII represents characters using numeric codes

Topic: ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)
Key Facts:
ASCII is a character encoding standard that assigns numeric codes to characters.
It uses 7-bit binary numbers (0-127) to represent letters, digits, and symbols.
Example: 'A' = 65, 'a' = 97, '0' = 48
Analysis of Options:
Option 1: Incorrect - ASCII is not a network type
Option 2: Incorrect - ASCII is not for audio storage
Option 3:Correct- ASCII represents characters using numeric codes
Option 4: Incorrect - ASCII is not a disk format
Answer: Option 3 → ASCII represents characters using numeric codes
Software, Operating Systems and Programming · Popular operating systems

Q30. In the Windows Operating System, if a file named config.ini is located in the root directory of the main drive, what is the correct and complete absolute path to reference this file?

  1. (a) config.ini
  2. (b) \config.ini
  3. (c) C:\config.ini
  4. (d) C:\Users\config.ini
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) C:\config.ini

Topic:Absolute Path in Windows OS
Absolute Path= Complete path from root directory
Format:Drive Letter:\Path\Filename
Main drive in Windows =C:
Root directory =C:\
File config.ini in root directory
Complete absolute path =C:\config.ini
Option 1: Relative path (no drive/directory)
Option 2: Missing drive letter
Option 4: Incorrect location (Users folder)
Answer: Option 3 → C:\config.ini
Software, Operating Systems and Programming · Types of software (system, application, utility)

Q31. Which of the following operations specifically relies on system software instead of application software to function properly?

  1. (a) Playing an audio or video file on System
  2. (b) Allocating memory to programs
  3. (c) Modifying a digital photo file
  4. (d) Designing a presentation file
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Allocating memory to programs

System Software vs Application Software
System Software:Manages hardware and provides platform for applications
Examples: Operating System, Device Drivers, Utilities
Functions: Memory management, process scheduling, file management
Application Software:Performs specific user tasks
Examples: Media players, photo editors, presentation tools
Analysis of Options:
Option 1: Media player (application software)
Option 2:Memory allocation- core OS function (system software)
Option 3: Photo editor (application software)
Option 4: Presentation tool (application software)
Software, Operating Systems and Programming · Translators (compiler, interpreter, assembler)

Q32. Which classification best describes a compiler based on its role in program translation?

  1. (a) It is a hardware abstraction layer
  2. (b) System software because it converts code for OS execution
  3. (c) Application software because users launch it manually
  4. (d) Application software because it edits documents
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) System software because it converts code for OS execution

Compiler Classification
Acompileris a program that translates high-level
language code into machine/executable code.
System Software:Programs that manage hardware and
provide platform for application software to run.
Compiler converts source code → machine code for OS
execution. It's essential system software, not an
application that end-users directly interact with.
Options 1, 3, 4 are incorrect as compiler is neither
hardware layer nor user application nor document editor.
Answer: Option 2 → System software because it converts code for OS execution

Ancient History (3)

Vedic Period · Rig Vedic society, polity and economy

Q33. What did the term 'gopati' refer to in Early Vedic society?

  1. (a) Priest who conducts rituals
  2. (b) Warrior who leads battles
  3. (c) Chief who protects cows
  4. (d) Head of the family
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Chief who protects cows

Topic:Early Vedic Society - Social Structure
'Gopati'literally means 'lord of cattle' (Go = cow, Pati = lord/protector).
In Early Vedic period, wealth was measured in cattle.
The chief's primary role was protecting the community's cattle wealth.
Gopati = tribal chief who safeguarded cows and pastoral economy.
Answer: Option 3 → Chief who protects cows
Sources and Prehistoric India · Palaeolithic Age

Q34. Bhimbetka Paleolithic site is located near which river valley of India?

  1. (a) Satluj
  2. (b) Narmada
  3. (c) Ganga
  4. (d) Yamuna
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Narmada

Bhimbetka Rock Shelters
Location: Raisen district, Madhya Pradesh
Situated in theVindhya Rangefoothills
NearNarmada River Valley
UNESCO World Heritage Site (2003)
Contains prehistoric cave paintings dating back toPaleolithic era
Answer: Option 2 → Narmada
Buddhism, Jainism and Other Sects · Buddhist teachings and texts

Q35. Which Buddhist text, compiled around the 1st century CE, narrates stories of the Buddha’s past lives?

  1. (a) Jataka Tales
  2. (b) Vinaya Pitaka
  3. (c) Dhammapada
  4. (d) Sutta Pitaka
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Jataka Tales

Topic: Buddhist Literature
Jataka Talesare a collection of stories about the previous births of Buddha.
Compiled around1st century CE, these tales describe Buddha's journey through various lives before attaining enlightenment.
Each story illustrates moral lessons and Buddhist values through Buddha's past incarnations as animals, humans, and divine beings.
Answer: Option 1 → Jataka Tales

Medieval History (1)

Mughal Empire · Mughal painting, literature and music

Q36. Which Mughal court historian authored the Akbarnāma, the official chronicle of Emperor Akbar’s reign?

  1. (a) Ferishta
  2. (b) Abul Fazl
  3. (c) Minhaj-i-Siraj
  4. (d) Ziauddin Barani
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Abul Fazl

Topic: Mughal Court Historians
Akbarnāmais the official chronicle of Emperor Akbar's reign.
Abul Fazl(1551-1602) was Akbar's court historian and one of the Navratnas .
He authoredAkbarnāma(in 3 volumes) andAin- i -Akbari.
Other historians: Ferishta wrote Tarikh-i-Ferishta, Minhaj-i-Siraj wrote Tabaqat-i-Nasiri, Barani wrote Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi.
Answer: Option 2 → Abul Fazl

Economics (2)

Industry and Infrastructure · LPG reforms of 1991

Q37. During the 1990–91 balance of payments crisis, India’s foreign exchange reserves were sufficient to finance imports for only:

  1. (a) two weeks
  2. (b) one week
  3. (c) three months
  4. (d) one month
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) two weeks

1990-91 Balance of Payments Crisis
India faced severe economic crisis in 1990-91 due to:
• Gulf War → oil prices increased sharply
• Political instability → loss of investor confidence
• High fiscal deficit and current account deficit
Foreign Exchange Reserves Status:
By July 1991, India's forex reserves had depleted to approximately$1 billion
This amount was sufficient to finance imports for onlytwo weeks
India had to pledge 67 tonnes of gold to avoid default
Answer: Option 1 → two weeks
Industry and Infrastructure · LPG reforms of 1991

Q38. Which of the following is NOT an impact of globalisation on Indian economy?

  1. (a) Foreign direct investment (FDI) has been liberalised
  2. (b) Introduction of a system of partial convertibility of the rupee
  3. (c) Two stage devaluation of the rupee by about twenty percent in July, 1991
  4. (d) Foreign institutional investments are made more restrictive for stability of the economy
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Foreign institutional investments are made more restrictive for stability of the economy

Topic: Globalisation Impact on Indian Economy
Globalisation Effects (1991 onwards):
•FDI Liberalisation- Foreign investment limits increased across sectors
•Rupee Convertibility- Partial convertibility introduced for current account
•Rupee Devaluation (July 1991)- Two-stage 18-19% devaluation to boost exports
•FII Liberalisation- Foreign institutional investments were LIBERALISED, not restricted
Key Point:
Globalisation promotes opening up of economy through liberalisation.
Making FII more restrictive contradicts globalisation principles.
Answer: Option 4 → Foreign institutional investments are made more restrictive for stability of the economy
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