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RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2025-26 25 March 2026 Shift 2 GK Questions – with answers & solutions

All 40 GK / GS questions asked in RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2025-26 on 25 March 2026 Shift 2, with correct answers and short solutions, subject-wise: Current Affairs, Economics, Ancient History, Biology, Polity, Geography.

📚 40 questions🗓️ 25 March 2026⏰ Shift 2
हिंदी में पढ़ें📥 Full paper PDF
Subjects: Current Affairs (5) · Economics (6) · Ancient History (4) · Biology (4) · Polity (6) · Geography (4) · Computer (4) · Modern History (3) · Chemistry (2) · Static GK (2)

Current Affairs (5)

National Affairs and Government Initiatives · Policies, laws and bills

Q1. With which State did the Department of Biotechnology sign the first Centre–State Memorandum of Understanding under the BioE3 Policy in 2025 to promote high-performance biomanufacturing?

  1. (a) Assam
  2. (b) Tamil Nadu
  3. (c) Karnataka
  4. (d) Gujarat
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Assam

Topic: BioE3 Policy 2025 - Centre-State MoU
BioE3 Policy:Biotechnology for Economy, Environment and Employment
First MoU signed:Department of Biotechnology signed the first Centre-State MoU withAssamin 2025
Purpose:To promote high-performance biomanufacturing and strengthen biotechnology ecosystem
Answer: Option 1 → Assam
International Affairs and Summits · Bilateral agreements and visits

Q2. In November 2025, India and Israel signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on Defence Cooperation during which meeting?

  1. (a) 20th Indo-Israel Defence Forum
  2. (b) 14th Strategic Defence Summit
  3. (c) 17th India–Israel Joint Working Group (JWG) meeting
  4. (d) 10th India–Israel Defence Dialogue
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) 17th India–Israel Joint Working Group (JWG) meeting

Topic: India-Israel Defence Cooperation (November 2025)
The MoU on Defence Cooperation was signed during the17th India–Israel Joint Working Group (JWG) meeting.
The JWG is the primary bilateral mechanism for defence cooperation between India and Israel.
This meeting focused on strengthening defence ties and strategic partnership.
Answer: Option 3 → 17th India–Israel Joint Working Group (JWG) meeting
National Affairs and Government Initiatives · Policies, laws and bills

Q3. Which of the following number series was prescribed by the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) on 16 December 2025, for IRDAI-regulated entities to use for consumer service and transactional calls, to be implemented by 15 February 2026?

  1. (a) 1600 series
  2. (b) 1900 series
  3. (c) 1500 series
  4. (d) 1400 series
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) 1600 series

Topic: TRAI Regulation for IRDAI Entities
Key Facts:
TRAI prescribed1600 seriesnumbers on 16 Dec 2025.
Purpose: Consumer service and transactional calls by IRDAI-regulated entities (insurance companies).
Implementation deadline:15 February 2026.
Answer: Option 1 → 1600 series
National Affairs and Government Initiatives · National events and launches

Q4. During which nationwide event, observed in 2025, did the Union Minister of Science and Technology emphasize inclusive participation in India’s biotechnology mission and the goal of achieving a $300 billion bioeconomy by 2030?

  1. (a) Global Biotech Innovation and Sustainability Summit
  2. (b) World Bioproduct Day – The BioE3 Way
  3. (c) National Biotechnology Awareness Week Programme
  4. (d) India Bioeconomy Vision 2030 Outreach Event
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) World Bioproduct Day – The BioE3 Way

Event Context:
In 2025, Union Minister of Science and Technology addressedWorld Bioproduct Day – The BioE3 Way.
Key highlights of the event:
• Emphasizedinclusive participationin India's biotechnology mission
• Announced goal of achieving$300 billion bioeconomy by 2030
• BioE3 (Biotechnology for Economy, Environment and Employment) policy focus
This nationwide event promoted sustainable bioproducts and biotechnology innovation.
Answer: Option 2 → World Bioproduct Day – The BioE3 Way
International Affairs and Summits · Global events and elections

Q5. Who made history in November 2025 as the first Muslim and South Asian American elected Lieutenant Governor of Virginia?

  1. (a) Pramila Jayapal
  2. (b) Ghazala Hashmi
  3. (c) Suhas Subramanyam
  4. (d) Zeeshan Siddiqui
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Ghazala Hashmi

Topic: Current Affairs - US Politics 2025
Ghazala Hashmimade history in November 2025.
She became the first Muslim and South Asian American elected asLieutenant Governor of Virginia.
She is a former Virginia State Senator and educator.
Answer: Option 2 → Ghazala Hashmi

Economics (6)

External Sector and International Economic Organisations · Economic groupings (BRICS, G20, ASEAN)

Q6. In December 2025, which country officially transferred the BRICS presidency to India during the concluding session of the 4th BRICS Sherpas Meeting?

  1. (a) Brazil
  2. (b) South Africa
  3. (c) Russia
  4. (d) China
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Brazil

BRICS Presidency Transfer - December 2025
BRICS follows annual rotating presidency among member nations.
Brazilheld the BRICS presidency in 2025.
During the concluding session of the4th BRICS Sherpas Meetingin December 2025, Brazil officially transferred the presidency toIndiafor 2026.
India will host theBRICS Summit 2026as the presiding nation.
Answer: Option 1 → Brazil
Inflation · Inflation targeting

Q7. The primary objective of monetary policy is _____________.

  1. (a) To fund elections
  2. (b) To maintain price stability
  3. (c) To maximize employment
  4. (d) To evade taxes
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) To maintain price stability

Monetary Policyis formulated by theReserve Bank of India (RBI).
It controls money supply and interest rates in the economy.
Primary Objective:To maintainprice stabilitywhile keeping in mind the objective of growth.
Price stability means controlling inflation and ensuring stable purchasing power.
Other objectives include economic growth and financial stability, but price stability is the primary goal.
Answer: Option 2 → To maintain price stability
Government Schemes and Economic Reports · Social welfare schemes

Q8. Which centrally sponsored scheme aims to create community infrastructure in Minority Concentration Areas (MCAs) to address development deficits, as stated by Minister of MINORITY AFFAIRS in July 2025?

  1. (a) Seekho Aur Kamao
  2. (b) Pradhan Mantri Virasat Ka Samvardhan (PM VIKAS)
  3. (c) Pradhan Mantri Jan Vikas Karyakram (PMJVK)
  4. (d) Padho Pardesh
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Pradhan Mantri Jan Vikas Karyakram (PMJVK)

Topic: Centrally Sponsored Schemes for Minorities
Pradhan Mantri Jan Vikas Karyakram (PMJVK)is a centrally sponsored scheme launched by the Ministry of Minority Affairs.
Objective: Create community infrastructure inMinority Concentration Areas (MCAs)to address development deficits.
Focus areas: Education, health, skill development, and basic amenities in areas with significant minority population.
Minister of Minority Affairs confirmed this scheme's role in July 2025 for infrastructure development in MCAs.
Answer: Option 3 → Pradhan Mantri Jan Vikas Karyakram (PMJVK)
Government Schemes and Economic Reports · Social welfare schemes

Q9. In 2025, which state had One-Stop Centres that assisted approximately 2.39 lakh women?

  1. (a) Gujarat
  2. (b) Maharashtra
  3. (c) Uttar Pradesh
  4. (d) Bihar
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Uttar Pradesh

Topic: One-Stop Centres (OSCs) for Women
One-Stop Centres are integrated support centers providing assistance to women affected by violence.
In 2025,Uttar Pradeshreported that its OSCs assisted approximately2.39 lakh women.
This reflects the state's extensive network of support services for women in distress.
Answer: Option 3 → Uttar Pradesh
Planning and NITI Aayog · Five-Year Plans - objectives and models

Q10. What method does the Hill Areas Development Programme (HADP) use to increase productivity of the land?

  1. (a) Application of advanced mechanized technologies
  2. (b) Use of chemical fertilizers and pesticide inputs
  3. (c) Vegetative methods and changing cropping pattern
  4. (d) Importing high-yielding crops from plain regions
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Vegetative methods and changing cropping pattern

Hill Areas Development Programme (HADP)
Focus: Sustainable development in hilly regions
Key Methods:
•Vegetative methods- soil conservation through plantation
•Changing cropping patterns- suitable crops for hill terrain
• Terrace farming and contour bunding
• Prevents soil erosion in slopes
Not suitable: Heavy machinery (terrain issues)
Emphasis on eco-friendly, sustainable practices
Answer: Option 3 → Vegetative methods and changing cropping pattern
Agriculture and Food Security · Crop insurance and farmer schemes

Q11. Which of the following programmes aims to increase soil fertility and thereby helps in production of healthy food through organic practices without the use of agro-chemicals?

  1. (a) Rastriya Krishi Vikas Yojana
  2. (b) Pradhan Mantri Kisan MaanDhan Yojana
  3. (c) Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana
  4. (d) Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana

Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY)
Launched in 2015 under Soil Health Management scheme.
Promotesorganic farmingandcluster-based approach.
Aims to improve soil fertility through organic practiceswithout agro-chemicals.
Provides financial assistance of ₹50,000/hectare for 3 years.
Answer: Option 3 → Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana

Ancient History (4)

Ancient Art, Culture and Science · Cave architecture (Ajanta, Ellora, Elephanta, etc.)

Q12. What is a significant feature of Indian architecture related to caves?

  1. (a) Excavation of caves for religious purposes
  2. (b) Use of marble in construction
  3. (c) Influence of European architecture
  4. (d) Development of skyscrapers
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Excavation of caves for religious purposes

Topic: Indian Cave Architecture
Significant Feature:
Rock-cut cave temples excavated for religious purposes
Major examples: Ajanta, Ellora, Elephanta caves
Key Facts:
Buddhist, Hindu, Jain monasteries and temples
Dating from 2nd century BCE to 10th century CE
Carved directly into rock faces for worship and meditation
Answer: Option 1 → Excavation of caves for religious purposes
Sources and Prehistoric India · Palaeolithic Age

Q13. Which technique was primarily used to produce flake tools in India during the Middle Palaeolithic culture?

  1. (a) Pressure flaking
  2. (b) Percussion method
  3. (c) Levallois technique
  4. (d) Blade-tool technology
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Levallois technique

Middle Palaeolithic Culture in India
Period: Approximately 100,000 - 40,000 years ago
Levallois Technique:
- Specialized core preparation method
- Core shaped like a tortoise shell
- Predetermined flake shape before striking
- Produced uniform, thin flakes efficiently
This technique was the hallmark of Middle Palaeolithic
tool-making across India and other regions.
Answer: Option 3 → Levallois technique
Mauryan Empire · Ashoka - Kalinga war and Dhamma

Q14. What was the name given to the special officials appointed by Ashoka to spread his policy of Dhamma?

  1. (a) Dhamma Mahamatta
  2. (b) Dhamma Mukhyas
  3. (c) Dhamma Lekhakas
  4. (d) Dhamma Janapada
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Dhamma Mahamatta

Topic:Mauryan Administration - Ashoka's Dhamma
Ashoka appointed special officers calledDhamma Mahamatta(Dharma Mahamatras) in his 13th year of reign.
Their duties: Spread Dhamma policy, promote moral values, ensure welfare of all religious sects, and supervise charitable works.
These officials worked among all sections of society including royal family, common people, and different religious groups.
Answer: Option 1 → Dhamma Mahamatta
Indus Valley Civilisation · Town planning and structures

Q15. With reference to Harappan architecture, consider the following statements:
I. Streets and roads were straight and intersected each other at right angles.
II. Street drains were covered with stone slabs.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. (a) Only I
  2. (b) Both I and II
  3. (c) Neither I nor II
  4. (d) Only II
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Both I and II

Harappan Architecture Features
Statement I: Streets and roads were straight and cutting each other at right angles
✓ Correct. Harappan cities followedgrid pattern town planning.
Streets intersected atright angles (90°), dividing cities into rectangular blocks.
Statement II: Street drains were covered by stone slabs
✓ Correct. Advanceddrainage systemwith drains covered by stone/brick slabs.
Manholes provided for cleaning and maintenance.
Both statements are correct about Harappan urban planning.
Answer: Option 2 → Both I and II

Biology (4)

Biotechnology and Applied Biology · Agricultural practices (manures, fertilisers, irrigation, weeding)

Q16. Which irrigation method delivers water directly to roots using emitters for optimal moisture control and efficiency?

  1. (a) Flood
  2. (b) Overhead
  3. (c) Sprinkler
  4. (d) Drip
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Drip

Irrigation Methods Comparison:
Drip Irrigation:Water delivered directly to plant roots through emitters/drippers
Provides precise moisture control at root zone
Highest water efficiency (90-95%)
Minimizes evaporation and runoff losses
Other Methods:
Flood: Water spreads across entire field surface
Sprinkler/Overhead: Water sprayed from above like rainfall
Answer: Option 4 → Drip
Nutrition and Digestion · Nutrients - carbohydrates, proteins, fats

Q17. The energy stored in human liver and muscle tissues is mainly in the form of which carbohydrate?

  1. (a) Glycogen
  2. (b) Sucrose
  3. (c) Cellulose
  4. (d) Starch
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Glycogen

Topic:Energy Storage in Human Body
Carbohydrate storage forms:
•Glycogen→ Animals (liver & muscles)
•Starch→ Plants (seeds, tubers)
•Cellulose→ Structural (cell walls)
•Sucrose→ Transport sugar (not storage)
Humans store excess glucose as glycogen.
Liver glycogen → maintains blood sugar.
Muscle glycogen → provides energy during activity.
Answer: Option 1 → Glycogen
Plant Physiology and Morphology · Photosynthesis - process and factors

Q18. What is the primary pigment responsible for photosynthesis in plants?

  1. (a) Anthocyanin
  2. (b) Carotenoid
  3. (c) Xanthophyll
  4. (d) Chlorophyll
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Chlorophyll

Topic:Photosynthesis Pigments
Chlorophyllis the primary pigment for photosynthesis.
It absorbs light energy (mainly blue and red wavelengths).
Located in chloroplasts, converts light to chemical energy.
Other pigments are accessory (carotenoid, xanthophyll).
Anthocyanin gives red/purple color, not for photosynthesis.
Answer: Option 4 → Chlorophyll
Tissues · Permanent plant tissues (simple and complex)

Q19. Which of the following plant tissues is NOT a type of simple tissue?

  1. (a) Xylem
  2. (b) Sclerenchyma
  3. (c) Collenchyma
  4. (d) Parenchyma
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Xylem

Plant Tissues Classification:
Simple Tissues(made of one cell type):
• Parenchyma - thin-walled, living cells
• Collenchyma - thickened corners, living cells
• Sclerenchyma - thick-walled, dead cells
Complex Tissues(made of multiple cell types):
• Xylem - conducts water (tracheids + vessels + fibers + parenchyma)
• Phloem - conducts food (sieve tubes + companion cells + fibers + parenchyma)
Xylem is acomplex tissue, not simple tissue.
Answer: Option 1 → Xylem

Polity (6)

State Government · Special arrangements (Delhi, Puducherry, J&K)

Q20. In accordance with Article 239AA of the Constitution of India, after the enforcement of the Constitution (Sixty-ninth Amendment) Act, 1991, the Union Territory of Delhi is designated by which of the following titles?

  1. (a) Administrative Capital of India
  2. (b) National Capital Region of Delhi
  3. (c) Union State of Delhi
  4. (d) National Capital Territory of Delhi
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) National Capital Territory of Delhi

Topic: Article 239AA - Status of Delhi
Constitution (Sixty-ninth Amendment) Act, 1991:
Inserted Article 239AA in the Constitution.
Key Provision:
Designated Delhi asNational Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT).
Provided special status with Legislative Assembly and Council of Ministers.
Delhi has unique status - neither full state nor ordinary UT.
Answer: Option 4 → National Capital Territory of Delhi
Special Provisions, Official Language and Miscellaneous Provisions · Union Territories administration

Q21. Which of the following Articles of the Constitution empowers the administrator to promulgate ordinances during recess of the Legislature in Union Territories?

  1. (a) 241
  2. (b) 239AA
  3. (c) 239B
  4. (d) 239
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) 239B

Topic: Union Territories - Legislative Powers
Article 239B- Power of administrator to promulgate ordinances during recess of Legislature.
This article specifically deals with ordinance-making power of the administrator when the Legislature of a Union Territory is not in session.
Other Articles:
Article 239 - Administration of Union Territories
Article 239AA - Special provisions for Delhi
Article 241 - High Courts for Union Territories
Answer: Option 3 → 239B
Preamble, Features, Parts and Schedules · Preamble - text and keywords

Q22. The Preamble declares India to be which of the following?

  1. (a) Sovereign, Socialist, Federal, Democratic, Republic
  2. (b) Sovereign, Federal, Secular, Democratic, Republic
  3. (c) Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic, Union
  4. (d) Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic, Republic
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic, Republic

Topic: Indian Constitution - Preamble
The Preamble declares India as:
SOVEREIGN, SOCIALIST, SECULAR, DEMOCRATIC, REPUBLIC
Key Points:
•SocialistandSecularwere added by 42nd Amendment (1976)
• Original Preamble (1950) had: Sovereign, Democratic, Republic
• India is aUnion of States, not a Federation (Article 1)
Answer: Option 4 → Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic, Republic
Special Provisions, Official Language and Miscellaneous Provisions · Special provisions for SCs, STs and backward classes (Articles 330-342)

Q23. The Constitution (Ninety‑Fifth Amendment) Act of 2009 extended the reservation of seats in the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and Anglo‑Indians for how many years?

  1. (a) Fifteen Years
  2. (b) Twenty Years
  3. (c) Five Years
  4. (d) Ten Years
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Ten Years

Constitution (95th Amendment) Act, 2009
This amendment extended the reservation of seats for:
• Scheduled Castes (SCs)
• Scheduled Tribes (STs)
• Anglo-Indians
Extension Period:10 years(from 2010 to 2020)
Note: The 104th Amendment (2019) further extended SC/ST reservation till 2030, but removed Anglo-Indian reservation.
Answer: Option 4 → Ten Years
DPSP and Fundamental Duties · Socialistic principles

Q24. Article 47 deals with which of the following?

  1. (a) Participation of workers in management
  2. (b) Organization of agriculture
  3. (c) Protection of environment
  4. (d) Raising the level of nutrition and public health
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Raising the level of nutrition and public health

Article 47 - Directive Principles of State Policy
Article 47 mandates the State to raise the level of nutrition and standard of living of people and improve public health.
Key provisions:
• Duty to raise nutrition levels
• Improve standard of living
• Improve public health
• Prohibition of intoxicating drinks and drugs (except medicinal purposes)
Note: Article 43A deals with workers' participation in management.
Answer: Option 4 → Raising the level of nutrition and public health
State Government · Special arrangements (Delhi, Puducherry, J&K)

Q25. Which amendment to the Indian constitution provided a special status to the Union Territory of Delhi, and redesignated it the National Capital Territory of Delhi?

  1. (a) 68th Constitutional Amendment
  2. (b) 70th Constitutional Amendment
  3. (c) 69th Constitutional Amendment
  4. (d) 71st Constitutional Amendment
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) 69th Constitutional Amendment

Topic: Constitutional Amendments - Delhi
69th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1991
Key provisions:
• Redesignated Delhi asNational Capital Territory (NCT)
• Provided special status to Delhi
• Created Legislative Assembly for Delhi
• Added Articles 239AA and 239AB
Came into effect:1st February 1992
Answer: Option 3 → 69th Constitutional Amendment

Geography (4)

Atmosphere and Climate · Climate classification and climatic regions

Q26. Which Koppen climate subtype is identified by a short wet season and long, severe dry period?

  1. (a) BSh climate subtype
  2. (b) Aw climate subtype
  3. (c) Am climate subtype
  4. (d) Af climate subtype
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Aw climate subtype

Topic: Koppen Climate Classification
Aw Climate (Tropical Savanna):
- Short wet season (summer monsoon)
- Long, severe dry period (winter)
- Found in tropical regions with distinct seasons
- Example: Parts of India, Africa, South America
Other Options:
BSh = Hot semi-arid (steppe)
Am = Tropical monsoon (no severe dry period)
Af = Tropical rainforest (no dry season)
Answer: Option 2 → Aw climate subtype
India - Location, Physiography and Neighbours · Neighbouring countries and border states

Q27. Which of the following countries is India’s nearest neighbour in the northwest?

  1. (a) Pakistan
  2. (b) Nepal
  3. (c) China
  4. (d) Bhutan
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Pakistan

Topic: India's Neighboring Countries
India shares land borders with 7 countries.
Northwest Direction:
Pakistan lies to the northwest of India.
Nepal and Bhutan are in the north/northeast.
China is in the north and northeast.
Answer: Option 1 → Pakistan
India - Population and Census · Census 2011 - population and growth

Q28. As per Census of India 2011, which union territory of India recorded the highest population growth rate?

  1. (a) Puducherry
  2. (b) Daman and Diu
  3. (c) Andaman and Nicobar Islands
  4. (d) Dadra and Nagar Haveli
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Dadra and Nagar Haveli

Topic:Census 2011 - Union Territory Population Growth
Dadra and Nagar Havelirecorded the highest decadal growth rate among all UTs at55.5%.
Other UT growth rates (2001-2011):
Daman and Diu: 53.5%
Puducherry: 28.1%
Andaman and Nicobar: 6.7%
Answer: Option 4 → Dadra and Nagar Haveli
India - Population and Census · Demographic concepts and transition

Q29. Which of the following is NOT a component of the actual population growth?

  1. (a) Urbanisation rate
  2. (b) Death rate
  3. (c) In-migration
  4. (d) Birth rate
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Urbanisation rate

Population Growth Components
Actual population growth is determined by:
•Natural increase= Birth rate - Death rate
•Migration= In-migration - Out-migration
Formula:Population Growth = (Births - Deaths) + (In-migration - Out-migration)
Urbanisation ratemeasures the proportion of population living in urban areas.
It is ademographic indicator, not a direct component of population growth.
Answer: Option 1 → Urbanisation rate

Computer (4)

Software, Operating Systems and Programming · Types of software (system, application, utility)

Q30. Which of the following statements best represents system software?

  1. (a) Software that controls all internal computer functions
  2. (b) Software used to play games
  3. (c) Software used to design custom projects
  4. (d) Software used for preparing presentations
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Software that controls all internal computer functions

Topic: System Software
System Softwaremanages and controls computer hardware and provides platform for application software.
Key Functions:
• Controls internal computer operations (CPU, memory, devices)
• Examples: Operating Systems (Windows, Linux), Device Drivers, Utilities
Other Options:
Options 2, 3, 4 describeApplication Software(user-specific tasks).
Answer: Option 1 → Software that controls all internal computer functions
MS Office and Productivity Tools · Keyboard shortcuts

Q31. What is the primary function of the Alt + Tab keyboard shortcut in Windows?

  1. (a) To close the currently active window
  2. (b) To open Task Manager
  3. (c) To switch between open windows
  4. (d) To minimize all open applications
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) To switch between open windows

Alt + Tab Keyboard Shortcut
Function: Allows quick switching between currently open windows and applications.
How it works: Press Alt + Tab to see thumbnails of all open windows, then release to switch to the selected window.
Other shortcuts:
• Alt + F4 → Close active window
• Ctrl + Shift + Esc → Open Task Manager
• Windows + D → Minimize all windows
Answer: Option 3 → To switch between open windows
Computer Fundamentals and History · Introduction and characteristics of computers

Q32. Which of the following characteristics represents the ability of a computer to work continuously without fatigue?

  1. (a) Diligence
  2. (b) Accuracy
  3. (c) Versatility
  4. (d) Speed
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Diligence

Computer Characteristics
Diligence:Ability to work continuously without fatigue, boredom, or loss of concentration.
Accuracy:Performs calculations with high precision.
Versatility:Can perform different types of tasks.
Speed:Processes data at very high speed.
The characteristic of working tirelessly without fatigue isDiligence.
Answer: Option 1 → Diligence
Software, Operating Systems and Programming · File extensions and formats

Q33. A student double-clicks a file in Windows 11 and a program starts running immediately. The file is not a document or image but directly launches software. Which file type is most likely being opened?

  1. (a) .txt
  2. (b) .mp3
  3. (c) .exe
  4. (d) .jpg
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) .exe

Topic:Windows File Types
.exe= Executable file that directly launches programs
.txt = Text document (opens in Notepad)
.mp3 = Audio file (opens in media player)
.jpg = Image file (opens in photo viewer)
Only.exe filesstart software immediately on double-click
Answer: Option 3 → .exe

Modern History (3)

Socio-Religious Reform Movements · Anti-caste and depressed-class movements

Q34. Which of the following freedom fighters led the Mahad Satyagraha in 1927?

  1. (a) K Kelappan
  2. (b) Jyotirao Phule
  3. (c) E V Ramaswamy Naicker
  4. (d) B R Ambedkar
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) B R Ambedkar

Mahad Satyagraha (1927)
Led byDr. B R Ambedkarin Mahad, Maharashtra.
Purpose: Assert Dalit rights to access public water from Chavdar Tank.
Historic event in the Dalit rights movement against untouchability.
Answer: Option 4 → B R Ambedkar
Rise of Nationalism and Indian National Congress · Moderates - leaders and methods

Q35. Which of the following best explains the Indian National Congress’s stance on communal politics during the Moderate phase?

  1. (a) Maintained a secular approach in its programmes and demands
  2. (b) Limited organisational participation to a single religious group
  3. (c) Accepted political demands based on religious identities
  4. (d) Aligned itself with leaders of specific religious communities
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Maintained a secular approach in its programmes and demands

Topic:Indian National Congress - Moderate Phase (1885-1905)
The Moderates believed in constitutional methods and reforms.
Key Characteristics:
- Focused on political and economic reforms for all Indians
- Avoided religious or communal divisions in their demands
- Leaders like Dadabhai Naoroji, Gopal Krishna Gokhale promoted unity
- Emphasized secular nationalism over religious identity
The Congress maintained asecular approachin its programmes,
seeking rights and representation for Indians regardless of religion.
Answer: Option 1 → Maintained a secular approach in its programmes and demands
Socio-Religious Reform Movements · Women reformers

Q36. Who was known as the "Mother of Indian Feminism" for her pioneering work in women’s education and rights?

  1. (a) Pandita Ramabai
  2. (b) Rukhmabai
  3. (c) Annie Besant
  4. (d) Savitribai Phule
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Savitribai Phule

Topic: Indian Social Reformers - Women's Education
Savitribai Phule (1831-1897)- Pioneer of women's education in India.
Key Contributions:
• First female teacher in India
• Opened first girls' school in Pune (1848) with husband Jyotirao Phule
• Fought against caste discrimination and child marriage
• Known as"Mother of Indian Feminism"
Answer: Option 4 → Savitribai Phule

Chemistry (2)

Environmental Chemistry · Air quality management (AQI, NAAQS, NCAP, GRAP)

Q37. India’s National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) originally aimed to reduce particulate pollution by what percentage by 2024–25 compared to the 2017–18 baseline?

  1. (a) 40–50%
  2. (b) 20–30%
  3. (c) 10–15%
  4. (d) 60–70%
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) 20–30%

National Clean Air Programme (NCAP)
Launched: 2019 by Ministry of Environment
Original Target:Reduce PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations by20–30%by 2024 compared to 2017 baseline
Covers: 132 non-attainment cities across India
Later revised to 40% reduction target by 2025–26
Answer: Option 2 → 20–30%
Everyday and Industrial Chemistry · Food chemistry (preservatives, sweeteners, additives)

Q38. Which of the following thickens sauces and soups due to its ability to absorb water and form a gel?

  1. (a) Salt
  2. (b) Sugar
  3. (c) Starch
  4. (d) Oil
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Starch

Topic: Food Science - Thickening Agents
Starchis a polysaccharide that absorbs water when heated.
Process: Starch granules swell and gelatinize, forming a thick gel.
Common sources: Cornstarch, flour, arrowroot, potato starch.
Salt, sugar, and oil do not have gelling properties.
Answer: Option 3 → Starch

Static GK (2)

Dances · Classical dance exponents

Q39. Padma Shri Award winner Rani Karnaa was an exponent of which of the following dance forms?

  1. (a) Odissi
  2. (b) Kathak
  3. (c) Kuchipudi
  4. (d) Kathakali
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Kathak

Rani Karnaa - Padma Shri Awardee
Rani Karnaa was a renownedKathakdancer from India.
She was honored with thePadma Shriaward for her exceptional contribution to Kathak dance.
Kathak is a classical dance form from North India, known for intricate footwork and storytelling.
Answer: Option 2 → Kathak
Monuments and Heritage · Monuments - builders and locations

Q40. Which 16th-century CE heritage site near Agra was commissioned by Emperor Akbar as a planned capital city?

  1. (a) Taj Mahal
  2. (b) Fatehpur Sikri
  3. (c) Agra Fort
  4. (d) Akbar’s Tomb
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Fatehpur Sikri

Topic:Mughal Architecture - Akbar's Capital
Fatehpur Sikriwas built by Emperor Akbar in 1571 CE.
Located 40 km from Agra, it served as Mughal capital (1571-1585).
Planned city with Buland Darwaza, Jama Masjid, Panch Mahal.
Abandoned due to water scarcity; now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Answer: Option 2 → Fatehpur Sikri
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