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RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2025-26 18 June 2026 Shift 3 GK Questions – with answers & solutions

All 39 GK / GS questions asked in RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2025-26 on 18 June 2026 Shift 3, with correct answers and short solutions, subject-wise: Economics, Current Affairs, Geography, Medieval History, Physics, Static GK.

📚 39 questions🗓️ 18 June 2026⏰ Shift 3
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Subjects: Economics (3) · Current Affairs (9) · Geography (5) · Medieval History (2) · Physics (4) · Static GK (2) · Modern History (3) · Polity (7) · Computer (3) · Ancient History (1)

Economics (3)

Industry and Infrastructure · Disinvestment

Q1. In which of the following years did the Tata Group take over state-owned Air India?

  1. (a) 2016
  2. (b) 2019
  3. (c) 2022
  4. (d) 2013
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) 2022

Topic: Air India Privatization
Air India was India's national carrier owned by the government.
In January 2022, the Tata Group won the bid to acquire Air India.
The takeover was completed on27 January 2022.
Tata Sons paid ₹18,000 crore for 100% stake in Air India.
This marked Air India's return to Tata Group after 69 years.
Answer: Option 3 → 2022
Economics Miscellaneous · Economic terms and abbreviations

Q2. India’s industrial growth remained sluggish from the mid-1960s to 1980. What term is often used to describe this slow pace of economic growth?

  1. (a) Hindu Growth Rate
  2. (b) Great Deceleration
  3. (c) Fiscal Drag
  4. (d) Socialist Stagnation
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Hindu Growth Rate

Topic: Indian Economic History
Period: Mid-1960s to 1980 saw slow industrial growth in India.
Hindu Growth Rate:Term coined by economist Raj Krishna to describe India's average GDP growth of ~3.5% per annum during this period.
This slow growth was attributed to socialist policies, license raj, and limited economic liberalization.
Answer: Option 1 → Hindu Growth Rate
Economics Miscellaneous · Economists and their books

Q3. The Capability Approach, which defines development as expanding individuals’ freedoms, was first proposed by which economist?

  1. (a) Martha Nussbaum
  2. (b) Amartya Sen
  3. (c) Adam Smith
  4. (d) John Rawls
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Amartya Sen

Topic: Development Economics - Capability Approach
Amartya Senfirst proposed the Capability Approach in the 1980s.
Key Points:
• Focuses on expanding individuals' freedoms and capabilities
• Development = enhancing people's ability to lead lives they value
• Shifted focus from income-based to human-centered development
Martha Nussbaum later expanded this approach.
Answer: Option 2 → Amartya Sen

Current Affairs (9)

Sports - Current · Venues and hosts

Q4. In which state were the 77ᵗʰ Senior and 54ᵗʰ Junior National Track Cycling Championships held from 19 to 24 December 2025?

  1. (a) West Bengal
  2. (b) Uttar Pradesh
  3. (c) Uttarakhand
  4. (d) Punjab
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Uttarakhand

77th Senior & 54th Junior National Track Cycling Championships
Event Date: 19-24 December 2025
Venue:Uttarakhand
The championships were organized by the Cycling Federation of India in Uttarakhand.
Answer: Option 3 → Uttarakhand
Sports - Current · Cricket - current

Q5. Who set a new record for the most sixes in the ICC Men's ODI events in March 2025?

  1. (a) Rohit Sharma
  2. (b) Ben Duckett
  3. (c) Chris Gayle
  4. (d) Suryakumar Yadav
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Rohit Sharma

Topic:ICC Men's ODI Records - March 2025
Rohit Sharmaset a new record for the most sixes in ICC Men's ODI events in March 2025.
He surpassed previous records with his aggressive batting style and consistent power-hitting.
Known as the 'Hitman', Rohit holds multiple ODI records including highest individual score (264).
Answer: Option 1 → Rohit Sharma
Environment and Climate - Current · Species discoveries and conservation news

Q6. In 2025, which stratovolcano in New Zealand was granted individual legal status, becoming the third natural entity in the country to receive personhood?

  1. (a) Taranaki Maunga
  2. (b) Mount Ruapehu
  3. (c) Mount Cook
  4. (d) Mount Tongariro
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Taranaki Maunga

Topic: New Zealand Environmental Law & Indigenous Rights
In 2025,Taranaki Maunga (Mount Taranaki)was granted legal personhood status.
This follows New Zealand's precedent of granting personhood to:
• Te Urewera (2014) - former national park
• Whanganui River (2017) - sacred river
Legal personhood allows the mountain to have rights and interests represented in court, recognizing Māori cultural significance.
Answer: Option 1 → Taranaki Maunga
Books, Obituaries and Days - Current · Books released

Q7. Who is the author of the book titled ‘Modi’s Mission’?

  1. (a) Arundhati Roy
  2. (b) Berjis Desai
  3. (c) Amish Tripathi
  4. (d) B.K. Harinarayanan
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Berjis Desai

Book: Modi's Mission
Author:Berjis Desai
Berjis Desai is a senior advocate and author.
The book analyzes PM Modi's governance and policies.
Answer: Option 2 → Berjis Desai
Defence and Security - Current · Military exercises - current

Q8. What was the primary objective of Exercise INDRA, 2025?

  1. (a) To enhance maritime tourism
  2. (b) To improve interoperability against maritime threats
  3. (c) To conduct submarine repair training
  4. (d) To develop joint aircraft manufacturing
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) To improve interoperability against maritime threats

Exercise INDRA 2025
Joint military exercise betweenIndia and Russia.
Primary Objective: Enhanceinteroperabilitybetween both navies to countermaritime threatsincluding piracy, terrorism, and security challenges.
Focus areas: Joint naval operations, tactical maneuvers, and coordinated response mechanisms.
Answer: Option 2 → To improve interoperability against maritime threats
Science, Technology and Space - Current · Health and medical research

Q9. Which organisation led the bladder cancer radiation therapy trial in November 2025?

  1. (a) All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi
  2. (b) Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai
  3. (c) Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh
  4. (d) National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai

Topic: Recent Medical Development (November 2025)
Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbailed India's first bladder cancer radiation therapy trial in November 2025.
TMC is a premier cancer treatment and research institute under the Department of Atomic Energy.
The trial focused on advanced radiation therapy techniques for bladder cancer treatment.
Answer: Option 2 → Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai
National Affairs and Government Initiatives · New government schemes and missions

Q10. Which mission was announced by the Prime Minister of India during his address from the Red Fort on the occasion of the 79ᵗʰ Independence Day in 2025 to harness India’s offshore energy resources?

  1. (a) National Deepwater Exploration Mission
  2. (b) Offshore Energy Security Programme
  3. (c) Blue Energy Development Mission
  4. (d) Strategic Hydrocarbon Independence Initiative
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) National Deepwater Exploration Mission

Topic: Government Schemes & Missions 2025
On 79th Independence Day (15 August 2025), PM announcedNational Deepwater Exploration Missionfrom Red Fort.
Mission Focus: Harness India's offshore energy resources in deep waters.
Objective: Enhance energy security and reduce import dependency through deepwater oil & gas exploration.
Answer: Option 1 → National Deepwater Exploration Mission
International Affairs and Summits · International organisations - current

Q11. Which of the following organizations launched the 'Frontier Seed' initiative to boost private sector growth and ocean impact in the Pacific in 2025?

  1. (a) World Bank
  2. (b) European Investment Bank
  3. (c) Asian Development Bank
  4. (d) Bank of International Settlement
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Asian Development Bank

Topic: International Development Initiatives 2025
Frontier Seed Initiative
Launched by:Asian Development Bank (ADB)
Year: 2025
Purpose: Boost private sector growth and ocean impact in Pacific region
Focus: Sustainable ocean economy and blue economy development
Answer: Option 3 → Asian Development Bank
Books, Obituaries and Days - Current · Days and themes - current year

Q12. World Water Day, observed on 22 March 2025, highlighted concerns related to:

  1. (a) Glacier melting and water security
  2. (b) Coastal erosion
  3. (c) Fisheries development
  4. (d) Ocean pollution
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Glacier melting and water security

World Water Day 2025 — Theme & Focus
Date:22 March(annually since 1993)
Theme 2025:"Accelerating Change"
Focus: Water scarcity, climate impact on freshwater sources
Key Concern:Glacier meltingthreatens freshwater availability
Glaciers = major source of drinking water for billions
Climate change → rapid glacier retreat → water security crisis
Answer: Option 1 → Glacier melting and water security

Geography (5)

Lithosphere - Earth's Interior and Landforms · Earthquakes and seismic waves

Q13. High sea waves triggered by an undersea earthquake are called:

  1. (a) Monsoon winds
  2. (b) Tsunamis
  3. (c) Land depressions
  4. (d) Glacial surges
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Tsunamis

Topic: Natural Disasters - Tsunamis
Tsunamis are large ocean waves caused by sudden displacement of water.
Primary Cause:Undersea earthquakes (seismic activity)
Other Causes:Volcanic eruptions, underwater landslides, meteorite impacts
Characteristics:High-speed waves in deep ocean, massive height near coast
Answer: Option 2 → Tsunamis
Lithosphere - Earth's Interior and Landforms · Aeolian and karst landforms

Q14. Which of the following desert features forms due to parallel retreat of slopes through backwasting?

  1. (a) Stalagmite
  2. (b) Playa
  3. (c) Pediplain
  4. (d) Blowout
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Pediplain

Desert Landform Formation
Parallel retreat of slopes throughbackwastingis a key process in arid regions.
Backwasting → slopes retreat backward maintaining same angle
Creates flat erosional surfaces at mountain base
Pediplain= extensive flat/gently sloping bedrock surface
Formed by coalescence of multiple pediments
Result of long-term slope retreat in deserts
Other options:
Stalagmite → cave deposit (not desert feature)
Playa → temporary lake bed (deposition)
Answer: Option 3 → Pediplain
Geography Miscellaneous · Nicknames of places

Q15. Which continent is known as the ‘Island Continent’?

  1. (a) Africa
  2. (b) Europe
  3. (c) Australia
  4. (d) South America
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Australia

Topic: Geography - Continents
Australia is called the'Island Continent'because it is the only continent that is also a single country and is completely surrounded by water.
It is the smallest continent and the largest island in the world.
Australia is isolated from other continents by the Indian and Pacific Oceans.
Answer: Option 3 → Australia
India - Minerals, Energy and Industries · Textile and other industries

Q16. Which of the following is a large scale industry?

  1. (a) Handloom
  2. (b) Steel plants
  3. (c) Food processing
  4. (d) Pottery
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Steel plants

Topic: Classification of Industries by Scale
Large Scale Industries:High capital investment, advanced technology, large workforce, mass production.
Steel plantsrequire massive capital, extensive infrastructure, thousands of workers, and produce on a national/international scale.
Handloom, pottery → Cottage/Small scale industries
Food processing → Can be small, medium, or large scale
Answer: Option 2 → Steel plants
India - Population and Census · Literacy rate

Q17. According to Census 2011, which Union Territory had the lowest literacy rate?

  1. (a) Lakshadweep
  2. (b) Andaman and Nicobar Islands
  3. (c) Chandigarh
  4. (d) Dadra and Nagar Haveli
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Dadra and Nagar Haveli

Census 2011 - Union Territory Literacy Rates
Lakshadweep: 92.28% (Highest among UTs)
Chandigarh: 86.43%
Andaman & Nicobar: 86.27%
Dadra & Nagar Haveli: 77.65% (Lowest)
Note: D&NH merged with Daman & Diu in 2020
Answer: Option 4 → Dadra and Nagar Haveli

Medieval History (2)

Mughal Empire · Mughal painting, literature and music

Q18. The work Tarikh-i-Rashidi, which provides valuable information about Central Asia and early Mughal history, was written by:

  1. (a) Ziauddin Barani
  2. (b) Abdul Fazl
  3. (c) Minhaj-us-Siraj
  4. (d) Mirza Haidar Dughlat
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Mirza Haidar Dughlat

Topic: Tarikh-i-Rashidi
Author:Mirza Haidar Dughlat (1499-1551)
Key Facts:
Written in Persian language in 1546
Provides history of Moghulistan and Central Asia
Contains valuable information about early Mughal period
Mirza Haidar was cousin of Babur's wife
Other Authors:
Ziauddin Barani → Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi
Abdul Fazl → Akbarnama, Ain-i-Akbari
Minhaj-us-Siraj → Tabaqat-i-Nasiri
Answer: Option 4 → Mirza Haidar Dughlat
South Indian Kingdoms · Chola art and temples

Q19. Which of the following temple complexes is known for its 24-metre-high vimana and stone image of Shiva?

  1. (a) Airavatesvara Temple
  2. (b) Gangaikondacholisvaram
  3. (c) Kandariya Mahadeva Temple
  4. (d) Mahabodhi Temple
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Airavatesvara Temple

Topic:Chola Architecture - Airavatesvara Temple
Airavatesvara Temple, Darasuram (Tamil Nadu)
Built by Rajaraja Chola II (12th century)
Key Features:
• 24-metre-highvimana(temple tower)
• Stone image ofShiva
• UNESCO World Heritage Site
• Part of Great Living Chola Temples
Answer: Option 1 → Airavatesvara Temple

Physics (4)

Sound and Waves · Reflection of sound, echo and reverberation

Q20. What do we call the lasting of sound caused by repeated reflections?

  1. (a) Resonance
  2. (b) Quality
  3. (c) Reverberation
  4. (d) Echo
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Reverberation

Topic: Sound Reflection Phenomena
Reverberation:Persistence of sound after the source stops due to multiple reflections from surfaces (walls, ceiling, floor).
Echo:Single distinct reflection heard separately (requires minimum distance ~17m).
Resonance:Vibration of object at its natural frequency when exposed to matching external frequency.
Quality/Timbre:Characteristic that distinguishes sounds of same pitch and loudness.
Answer: Option 3 → Reverberation
Force and Laws of Motion · Numericals on force and momentum

Q21. If an object having a mass of 10 kg is moving with a velocity of 50 m/s, find the correct momentum of the object.

  1. (a) 40 kg m/s
  2. (b) 500 kg m/s
  3. (c) 5 kg m/s
  4. (d) 60 kg m/s
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) 500 kg m/s

Given: Mass (m) = 10 kg, Velocity (v) = 50 m/s
Formula:Momentum (p) = m × v
Momentum = 10 × 50 = 500 kg m/s
Answer: Option 2 → 500 kg m/s
Units, Measurement & Dimensions · Dimensions and dimensional analysis

Q22. In physical science, understanding the dimension of a quantity helps to analyze formulas and relationships between variables. Which set of dimensions correctly represents the physical quantity 'force' in terms of mass, length, and time?

  1. (a) mass × length × time
  2. (b) mass × length × time²
  3. (c) mass × length² × time⁻¹
  4. (d) mass × length × time⁻²
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) mass × length × time⁻²

Force is defined by Newton's Second Law:
Force = Mass × Acceleration
Dimension of Mass = [M]
Dimension of Acceleration = [LT⁻²]
Therefore, Dimension of Force:
[F] = [M] × [LT⁻²] = [MLT⁻²]
This represents: mass × length × time⁻²
Answer: Option 4 → mass × length × time⁻²
Heat and Thermodynamics · Conduction, convection and radiation

Q23. When a metal spoon is placed in a hot cup of tea, it soon becomes warm. Which mode of heat transfer is primarily responsible for this?

  1. (a) Radiation
  2. (b) Insulation
  3. (c) Conduction
  4. (d) Convection
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Conduction

Topic:Heat Transfer - Conduction
Conduction:Heat transfer through direct contact
between particles in solids.
Metal spoon touches hot tea → heat flows from
tea to spoon through molecular vibrations.
Metals aregood conductorsof heat due to
free electrons that transfer energy rapidly.
Answer: Option 3 → Conduction

Static GK (2)

Music and Musical Instruments · Folk music and songs by state

Q24. In which region of Gujarat are Duha, Sorathaa, Chaand, Belaads, etc. traditionally performed in folk music?

  1. (a) Kutch
  2. (b) Saurashtra
  3. (c) Central Gujarat
  4. (d) North Gujarat
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Saurashtra

Topic: Gujarat Folk Music Traditions
Saurashtra Regionis known for its rich folk music heritage.
Traditional Forms:
• Duha - Devotional couplets
• Sorathaa - Folk poetry form
• Chaand - Lyrical compositions
• Belaads - Traditional ballads
These are characteristic folk music forms ofSaurashtra.
Answer: Option 2 → Saurashtra
Music and Musical Instruments · Musical instruments and exponents

Q25. Ustad Amjad Ali Khan is world-renowned for playing which of the following instruments?

  1. (a) Violin
  2. (b) Sarod
  3. (c) Santoor
  4. (d) Bansuri
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Sarod

Ustad Amjad Ali Khan
He is a legendary Indian classical musician.
Famous for playingSarod, a stringed instrument.
Belongs to the Bangash lineage of sarod players.
Recipient of Padma Vibhushan and other prestigious awards.
Answer: Option 2 → Sarod

Modern History (3)

British Administration and Policies · Constitutional Acts under British rule

Q26. Which outcome resulted from the Indian Councils Act of 1909 (Morley–Minto Reforms)?

  1. (a) Establishment of provincial autonomy, complete financial authority, and autonomous ministries
  2. (b) Expansion of legislative councils, admission of Indians to Viceroy's executive council, and new deliberative powers.
  3. (c) Abolition of nominated seats, imposition of direct elections, and removal of official majorities.
  4. (d) Reduction of legislative council size, replacement of budgetary rights, and elimination of Indian representatives.
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Expansion of legislative councils, admission of Indians to Viceroy's executive council, and new deliberative powers.

Indian Councils Act of 1909 (Morley-Minto Reforms)
Key Features:
1.Expanded Legislative Councilsat central and provincial levels
2.First Indian memberappointed to Viceroy's Executive Council (Satyendra Prasad Sinha)
3. Introducedseparate electoratesfor Muslims
4. Enhanceddeliberative functions- members could discuss budget, ask questions
Note:Provincial autonomy came with Government of India Act 1935, not 1909
Answer: Option 2 → Expansion of legislative councils, admission of Indians to Viceroy's executive council, and new deliberative powers.
Peasant, Tribal and Civil Uprisings · Early civil and tribal revolts

Q27. The Munda Uprising (1899–1900) was associated with which leader?

  1. (a) Tilka Majhi
  2. (b) Birsa Munda
  3. (c) Jatra Oraon
  4. (d) Budhu Bhagat
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Birsa Munda

Topic: Munda Uprising (Ulgulan)
Leader:Birsa Munda led the Munda tribal revolt (1899-1900) in Jharkhand region.
Key Facts:
• Known as 'Dharti Aba' (Father of Earth)
• Fought against British land policies and forced labor
• Aimed to establish Munda Raj
Answer: Option 2 → Birsa Munda
Personalities, Newspapers, Books and Slogans · Organisations and their founders

Q28. The North-West Frontier Province’s non-violent mass organisation, the Khudai Khidmatgars (Red Shirts), was led by:

  1. (a) Shaukat Ali
  2. (b) Khan Abdul Qayyum
  3. (c) Maulana Azad
  4. (d) Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Khudai Khidmatgars (Red Shirts)
Founded in 1929 in North-West Frontier Province (now Khyber Pakhtunkhwa).
Led byKhan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, also known as 'Frontier Gandhi'.
Non-violent mass movement inspired by Gandhian principles.
Played key role in Indian independence struggle among Pashtuns.
Answer: Option 4 → Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Polity (7)

Union Executive · President - powers (executive, legislative, veto, pardon, ordinance)

Q29. The President may return a non-money bill to Parliament for reconsideration for how many times?

  1. (a) Once only
  2. (b) Any number of times
  3. (c) Twice
  4. (d) Never
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Once only

Topic: Presidential Powers - Article 111
When a non-money bill is presented to the President:
President has 3 options:
1. Give assent to the bill
2. Withhold assent
3. Return the bill for reconsideration (with a message)
Key Point:
President can return a non-money billonly once.
If Parliament passes it again (with or without amendments),
Presidentmust give assent- cannot return again.
Answer: Option 1 → Once only
Fundamental Rights · Right to Property and Article 300A

Q30. What major change was made to the Right to Property by the 44th Amendment Act (1978)?

  1. (a) It was removed from Fundamental Rights
  2. (b) It was elevated to a Directive Principle
  3. (c) It was protected under Article 21
  4. (d) It was given more enforcement power
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) It was removed from Fundamental Rights

Topic: Constitutional Amendment - Right to Property
44th Amendment Act, 1978:
Right to Property was originally a Fundamental Right under Article 31.
The 44th Amendment removed it from Part III (Fundamental Rights).
It was converted into a Legal/Constitutional Right under Article 300A.
This means it can no longer be enforced through Article 32 (Supreme Court) or Article 226 (High Court) as a Fundamental Right.
Answer: Option 1 → It was removed from Fundamental Rights
Judiciary · Tribunals, Lok Adalats and legal services

Q31. Under the Legal Services Authorities Act of which year, every State / District Authority or the Supreme Court / High Court Legal Services Committee or Taluk Legal Services Committee may organise Lok Adalats, as the case may be?

  1. (a) 1987
  2. (b) 1957
  3. (c) 1967
  4. (d) 1977
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) 1987

Topic: Legal Services Authorities Act
TheLegal Services Authorities Act, 1987provides for legal aid to weaker sections.
Under this Act, State/District Authorities and Supreme Court/High Court Legal Services Committees can organizeLok Adalats.
Lok Adalats are alternative dispute resolution forums for amicable settlement of cases.
Answer: Option 1 → 1987
Constitutional and Non-Constitutional Bodies · UPSC and State PSCs

Q32. State Public Service Commissions’ members are appointed by the governor and removed by whom?

  1. (a) Governor of the state
  2. (b) President of India
  3. (c) Chief Minister of the state
  4. (d) Indian Parliament
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) President of India

Topic: State Public Service Commission (SPSC)
Constitutional Provision: Article 316
Appointment: Members are appointed by theGovernorof the state.
Removal: Members can be removed only by thePresident of India.
Reason: This ensures independence and prevents arbitrary removal by state government.
Similar to UPSC members who are also removed by President.
Answer: Option 2 → President of India
Union Executive · President - powers (executive, legislative, veto, pardon, ordinance)

Q33. Which of the following provisions of the Constitution of India provides the President with the power to grant pardons, reprieves or remissions?

  1. (a) Article 75
  2. (b) Article 72
  3. (c) Article 74
  4. (d) Article 71
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Article 72

Topic: Presidential Powers - Pardoning Power
Article 72grants the President power to grant pardons, reprieves, respites, remissions of punishment or to suspend, remit or commute sentences.
This power applies to cases involving:
• Punishment by court-martial
• Offences against Union laws
• Death sentences
Article 74 → Council of Ministers to aid President
Article 75 → Appointment of Prime Minister and Ministers
Article 71 → Disputes regarding Presidential election
Answer: Option 2 → Article 72
Special Provisions, Official Language and Miscellaneous Provisions · Official language (Part XVII) and Eighth Schedule languages

Q34. Which of the following are the official languages of India?

  1. (a) Hindi and English
  2. (b) Hindi and Marathi
  3. (c) English and Urdu
  4. (d) Hindi and Urdu
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Hindi and English

Official Languages of India
As perArticle 343of the Indian Constitution:
Hindiin Devanagari script is the official language of the Union.
Englishcontinues as an associate official language for official purposes.
Note: India has22 Scheduled Languagesunder the 8th Schedule, but only Hindi and English are official languages at the Union level.
Answer: Option 1 → Hindi and English
Polity Miscellaneous · Important acts and rights laws (RTI, RTE, etc.)

Q35. Which Indian state became the first in the country to enact its own Right to Information Act in 1997?

  1. (a) Punjab
  2. (b) Rajasthan
  3. (c) Karnataka
  4. (d) Tamil Nadu
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Tamil Nadu

Topic:Right to Information Act - Historical Development
Tamil Naduwas the first Indian state to enact its own RTI Act in1997.
This was before the national RTI Act 2005 came into force.
Tamil Nadu set a precedent for transparency and accountability in governance.
Answer: Option 4 → Tamil Nadu

Computer (3)

Software, Operating Systems and Programming · Types of software (system, application, utility)

Q36. Which of the following statements correctly highlights the primary difference between System Software and Application Software?

  1. (a) System software is always free and open-source, but application software must always be purchased with a license.
  2. (b) System software manages the computer's core resources and provides a platform for other programs, while application software is designed to perform specific tasks for the user.
  3. (c) Application software is required to start the computer, whereas system software is used only after the computer has fully booted up.
  4. (d) System software is developed by large companies, while application software is developed only by individual programmers.
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) System software manages the computer's core resources and provides a platform for other programs, while application software is designed to perform specific tasks for the user.

Topic: System Software vs Application Software
System Software:
Manages hardware resources and provides platform for other programs.
Examples: Operating Systems (Windows, Linux), Device Drivers, Utilities.
Application Software:
Performs specific user tasks like word processing, browsing, gaming.
Examples: MS Word, Chrome, Photoshop.
Key Difference:
System software = Platform provider and resource manager
Application software = Task-specific user programs
Answer: Option 2 → System software manages the computer's core resources and provides a platform for other programs, while application software is designed to perform specific tasks for the user.
Software, Operating Systems and Programming · File extensions and formats

Q37. Which type of file is identified by the extension .exe in Windows 11?

  1. (a) Document file
  2. (b) Image file
  3. (c) System text file
  4. (d) Executable program file
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Executable program file

Topic: File Extensions in Windows 11
.exe Extension
.exe stands forexecutable
These are program files that can run/execute
Examples: setup.exe, chrome.exe, notepad.exe
Other extensions:
.docx → Document, .jpg → Image, .txt → Text
Answer: Option 4 → Executable program file
MS Office and Productivity Tools · Keyboard shortcuts

Q38. Which shortcut is used to quickly search for a word in a webpage?

  1. (a) Ctrl + S
  2. (b) Ctrl + F
  3. (c) Ctrl + Tab
  4. (d) Ctrl + V
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Ctrl + F

Topic: Keyboard Shortcuts
Ctrl + Fopens the Find/Search box in browsers and documents.
Other shortcuts:
Ctrl + S → Save file
Ctrl + Tab → Switch between tabs
Ctrl + V → Paste
Answer: Option 2 → Ctrl + F

Ancient History (1)

Sources and Prehistoric India · Mesolithic Age

Q39. Which innovation correctly illustrates Mesolithic advances in subsistence and technology in India?

  1. (a) Manufacture of heavy flake tools similar to Lower Paleolithic hand-axes
  2. (b) Adoption of iron tools indicates an early transition to metal-using cultures
  3. (c) Emergence of polished stone axes associated with settled agricultural villages
  4. (d) Use of microlithic tools along with bow-and-arrow and plant-processing implements
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Use of microlithic tools along with bow-and-arrow and plant-processing implements

Topic: Mesolithic Period in India (10,000-6,000 BCE)
Key Mesolithic Characteristics:
• Microlithic tools (small, composite stone tools)
• Introduction of bow-and-arrow technology
• Plant-processing implements (grinding stones)
• Semi-nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyle
Why other options are incorrect:
Option 1: Heavy flake tools → Lower Paleolithic feature
Option 2: Iron tools → Iron Age (1200 BCE onwards)
Option 3: Polished axes + agriculture → Neolithic period
Answer: Option 4 → Use of microlithic tools along with bow-and-arrow and plant-processing implements
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