Constitutional and Non-Constitutional Bodies – Polity Questions Asked in SSC & Railway Exams (PYQs with Answers)

SSC Stenographer 2026 – 10 September 2026 Shift 1 · Finance Commission

Q1. Regarding Fiscal Federalism in India, which of the following statements correctly explains the constitutional framework and practical challenges related to financial relations between the Union and the States?

(a) The Finance Commission’s recommendations are binding on the Union and the States, and the President is constitutionally obligated to implement them without any modifications.
(b) Article 280 mandates the appointment of a Finance Commission every five years to recommend the distribution of tax revenues between the Union and the States, but its recommendations are advisory and not binding.
(c) Under the Goods and Services Tax (GST) regime, the States have completely ceded their taxation powers to the Union, making fiscal federalism obsolete in India.
(d) The Constitution grants equal financial autonomy to all States irrespective of their revenue-generating capacities or development levels, ensuring uniform fiscal federalism.

Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Article 280 mandates the appointment of a Finance Commission every five years to recommend the distribution of tax revenues between the Union and the States, but its recommendations are advisory and not binding.

Answer: Option 2 — Article 280 mandates the appointment of a Finance Commission every five years to recommend the distribution of tax revenues between the Union and the States
Article 280 requires the President to constitute a Finance Commission every five years or earlier, and its report is advisory — it is laid before Parliament with an action-taken memorandum.
States kept their taxing powers under GST through the GST Council, and the Constitution itself recognises unequal capacity by providing grants-in-aid.
Revision note — Finance Commission and Centre-State financial relations
• Article 280 — the President constitutes the Finance Commission: a chairman and four other members, normally every five years.
• It recommends the distribution of net tax proceeds between the Union and the states and among the states, the principles of grants-in-aid, and measures to help panchayats and municipalities.
• The First Finance Commission (1951) was chaired by K. C. Neogy. The 15th, under N. K. Singh, covered 2021-26 and fixed the states' share of the divisible pool at 41 per cent.
• The 16th Finance Commission, chaired by Arvind Panagariya, was constituted in December 2023 for the award period 2026-31.
• Article 275 gives statutory grants-in-aid on the Commission's recommendation; Article 282 allows discretionary grants for any public purpose.
• Article 265 — no tax without authority of law. Article 266 — Consolidated Fund; Article 267 — Contingency Fund.
• GST came through the 101st Constitutional Amendment Act, 2016, and the GST Council sits under Article 279A, chaired by the Union Finance Minister.
• In the Council the Centre holds one-third and the states together two-thirds of the votes, and every decision needs a three-fourths majority — so the states did not surrender their taxing power.
Do not mix these up
• Finance Commission vs NITI Aayog — the Finance Commission is a constitutional body under Article 280 that divides tax revenue; NITI Aayog is an executive body with no devolution role.
• Article 275 vs Article 282 — Article 275 grants are statutory and follow the Commission's advice; Article 282 grants are discretionary.
Also asked from this topic: the Article that sets up the Finance Commission (280); whether its advice binds the Union (no, it is advisory); who appoints its members (the President).

SSC Stenographer 2026 – 10 September 2026 Shift 2 · Election Commission of India

Q2. Which of the following reflects the correct legal and administrative authority of the Election Commission regarding the preparation of electoral rolls and the inclusion or exclusion of names?

(a) The Election Commission prepares electoral rolls in consultation with state governments and is bound by their recommendations.
(b) The Election Commission can suo motu include names of eligible citizens even without an application.
(c) The Election Commission supervises the preparation and revision of electoral rolls, but actual changes are made through Electoral Registration Officers, and citizens have the right to appeal exclusions.
(d) The President directly maintains the electoral rolls under Article 324 and forwards them to the Election Commission for use.

Answer & solution

Answer: (c) The Election Commission supervises the preparation and revision of electoral rolls, but actual changes are made through Electoral Registration Officers, and citizens have the right to appeal exclusions.

Answer: Option 3 — The Election Commission supervises the preparation and revision of electoral rolls, but actual changes are made through Electoral Registration Officers, and citizens have the right to appeal exclusions.
Article 324 gives the Election Commission the superintendence, direction and control of electoral rolls, which is supervision, not clerical work.
The actual entry or deletion of a name is done by the Electoral Registration Officer under the Representation of the People Act, 1950, and the elector may appeal against an exclusion.
Revision note — Election Commission and the electoral roll
• Article 324 vests the superintendence, direction and control of elections, and of the electoral rolls, in the Election Commission of India.
• That cover runs to elections to Parliament, the state legislatures and the offices of President and Vice-President.
• The ECI is a constitutional body created by Article 324 itself, not by an Act of Parliament, and it also exercises quasi-judicial powers in election disputes.
• Roll preparation is governed by the Representation of the People Act, 1950, and the Electoral Registration Officer (ERO) of each constituency makes the entries.
• An appeal against an ERO's order lies to the District Magistrate, and then to the Chief Electoral Officer of the state.
• Forms to remember: Form 6 for a new voter, Form 6A for an overseas elector, Form 7 for objection or deletion, and Form 8 for correction, shifting or replacement of the EPIC.
• Article 325 bars any separate roll, or exclusion from one, on grounds of religion, race, caste or sex.
• Article 326 gives universal adult suffrage at 18 years, lowered from 21 by the 61st Amendment, 1988.
• The Chief Election Commissioner holds office for 6 years or up to 65 years of age, whichever is earlier, and can be removed only like a Supreme Court judge.
Do not mix these up
• Election Commission of India vs State Election Commission — the ECI runs Parliament and assembly polls; the SEC (Articles 243K, 243ZA) runs panchayat and municipal polls.
• Chief Electoral Officer vs Chief Election Commissioner — the CEO is the state-level officer supervising rolls in one state; the CEC heads the Commission in Delhi.
Also asked from this topic: the Article establishing the Election Commission (Article 324); its status (a constitutional body); the term of the Chief Election Commissioner (6 years or 65 years of age).

RRB Group D 2025-26 – 4 August 2026 Shift 3 · Other bodies (NSC, NDMA, etc.)

Q3. In April 2026, which organization was at the forefront of coordinating India's disaster response and preparedness initiatives for cyclones along the eastern coast, as per official updates from the Ministry of Home Affairs?

(a) National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)
(b) State Disaster Response Forces
(c) Indian Meteorological Department
(d) National Institute of Disaster Management

Answer & solution

Answer: (a) National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)

Answer: Option 1 — NDMA
TheNational Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)coordinates national disaster response → Option 1.

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2025-26 – 20 June 2026 Shift 3 · Election Commission of India

Q4. As per Indian Constitution the Election Commission of India is a _____________.

(a) Non-Constitutional body
(b) Statutory body
(c) Constitutional body
(d) Quasi-judicial body only

Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Constitutional body

Election Commission of India (ECI)
Established underArticle 324of the Indian Constitution.
It is aConstitutional body, not created by any Act of Parliament.
Functions: Conducts free and fair elections for Parliament, State Legislatures, and offices of President and Vice-President.
Also hasquasi-judicial powersfor election disputes.
Answer: Option 3 → Constitutional body

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2025-26 – 18 June 2026 Shift 3 · UPSC and State PSCs

Q5. State Public Service Commissions’ members are appointed by the governor and removed by whom?

(a) Governor of the state
(b) President of India
(c) Chief Minister of the state
(d) Indian Parliament

Answer & solution

Answer: (b) President of India

Topic: State Public Service Commission (SPSC)
Constitutional Provision: Article 316
Appointment: Members are appointed by theGovernorof the state.
Removal: Members can be removed only by thePresident of India.
Reason: This ensures independence and prevents arbitrary removal by state government.
Similar to UPSC members who are also removed by President.
Answer: Option 2 → President of India

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2025-26 – 15 June 2026 Shift 1 · National Commissions for SC, ST and BC

Q6. In which year the 89ᵗʰ Constitutional Amendment was passed related to the National Commission for Scheduled Castes?

(a) 2010
(b) 2006
(c) 2003
(d) 1995

Answer & solution

89th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2003
Key provisions:
• Bifurcated National Commission for SCs and STs
• Created separate National Commission for SCs
• Article 338 amended for SC Commission
• Article 338A inserted for ST Commission
Answer: Option 3 → 2003

SSC GD 2026 – 30 May 2026 Shift 1 · Election Commission of India

Q7. The term of office of the Chief Election Commissioner is:

(a) 3 years
(b) 5 years
(c) 6 years or up to 65 years of age
(d) 6 years or up to 62 years of age

Answer & solution

Answer: (c) 6 years or up to 65 years of age

Correct Answer: 6 years or up to 65 years of age — Option (c)
The Chief Election Commissioner holds office for 6 years or until attaining 65 years of age, whichever is earlier. About the Chief Election Commissioner (CEC): Constitutional provision: Article 324 of the Indian Constitution; The CEC is appointed by the President of India; Term: 6 years OR until attaining the age of 65 years, WHICHEVER IS EARLIER; Removal: The CEC can be removed from office only in like manner and on like grounds as a Judge of the Supreme Court (i.e., by address of both Houses of Parliament on grounds of proved misbehaviour or incapacity — Article 324(5)); Salary: Charged to the Consolidated Fund of India (thus not subject to vote in Parliament — ensuring independence); The salary is equivalent to that of a Supreme Court judge; Important update — Chief Election Commissioner and Other Election Commissioners Act, 2023: New law governing appointment of CEC and Election Commissioners; The selection committee now comprises: PM (Chairperson), Leader of Opposition in Lok Sabha, a Union Cabinet Minister nominated by PM; Key constitutional provisions about Election Commission: Article 324: Superintendence, direction and control of preparation of electoral rolls and conduct of elections vested in Election Commission; Multi-member: The Election Commission consists of CEC and such other Election Commissioners as the President may determine; Currently: 1 CEC + 2 Election Commissioners; Independence: CEC cannot be removed except like a SC judge; Service conditions cannot be varied to CEC's disadvantage after appointment; About Election Commissioners: Same term (6 years or 65 years); But removal is not as protected as CEC.
Option (a) 3 years — Incorrect: The term of office of the Chief Election Commissioner is NOT 3 years; it is 6 years OR until the age of 65 years, whichever is earlier; 3 years would be too short for an independent constitutional authority like the CEC; no major Indian constitutional office has a 3-year term.
Option (b) 5 years — Incorrect: The term of office of the Chief Election Commissioner is NOT 5 years; it is 6 years OR until the age of 65 years, whichever is earlier; while some constitutional offices like the President and Vice President have 5-year terms, the CEC's term is 6 years (or 65 years of age).
Option (d) 6 years or up to 62 years of age — Incorrect: The retirement age for the Chief Election Commissioner is 65 years (NOT 62 years); while 62 is the retirement age for High Court Judges (and some other officials), the CEC holds office for 6 years or up to 65 years of age, whichever is earlier; Supreme Court judges retire at 65, and the CEC's retirement age was aligned with this.

SSC GD 2026 – 21 May 2026 Shift 3 · NHRC and SHRC

Q8. The term of the Chairman of the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) of India is _____.

(a) 3 years or until 65 years of age
(b) 3 years or until 70 years of age
(c) 6 years or until 75 years of age
(d) 4 years or until 68 years of age

Answer & solution

Answer: (b) 3 years or until 70 years of age

Correct Answer: 3 years or until 70 years of age — Option (b)
The Chairperson of the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) of India serves for a term of 3 years or until the age of 70 years, whichever is earlier. About NHRC: Established: October 12, 1993, under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 (PHRA); India's NHRC is a statutory (not constitutional) body; It is a quasi-judicial body that safeguards and promotes human rights in India; Chairperson's qualifications: Must be a retired Chief Justice of India (as per the original Act) — however, the 2019 amendment also allowed retired Chief Justices of High Courts to become NHRC Chairperson; Term: 3 years or 70 years of age (whichever is earlier) — as per the Protection of Human Rights (Amendment) Act, 2019; Members: NHRC has other members too (retired SC judges) — they also serve for 3 years or until 70 years of age; Re-appointment: Not eligible for re-appointment; Removal: Can be removed by the President of India on the recommendation of a Supreme Court inquiry committee; Key functions: Inquiry into complaints of human rights violations, review of legislation, visit prisons, conduct research on human rights.
Option (a) 3 years or until 65 years of age — Incorrect: The age limit for the NHRC Chairperson is 70 years (not 65 years); 65 years is not the stipulated age limit under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 (as amended in 2019). The candidate selected this incorrect option.
Option (c) 6 years or until 75 years of age — Incorrect: The term is 3 years (not 6 years), and the age limit is 70 years (not 75 years); 6-year terms apply to some constitutional bodies like the Election Commission, not the NHRC.
Option (d) 4 years or until 68 years of age — Incorrect: The correct term is 3 years (not 4 years) and the correct age limit is 70 years (not 68 years); these numbers are incorrect under the Protection of Human Rights Act.

SSC GD 2026 – 21 May 2026 Shift 3 · Inter-State Council and Zonal Councils

Q9. Who is the Chairman of Zonal Councils in India?

(a) President of India
(b) Prime Minister
(c) Vice Chairman of NITI Aayog
(d) Union Home Minister

Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Union Home Minister

Correct Answer: Union Home Minister — Option (d)
The Union Home Minister is the Chairman of all Zonal Councils in India. About Zonal Councils: Zonal Councils are advisory bodies established under Part III of the States Reorganisation Act, 1956 (not a constitutional body); Objective: To promote inter-state cooperation, discuss matters of common interest, and resolve inter-state disputes; There are Five Zonal Councils: Northern Zonal Council (HQ: New Delhi), Central Zonal Council (HQ: Allahabad), Eastern Zonal Council (HQ: Kolkata), Western Zonal Council (HQ: Mumbai), Southern Zonal Council (HQ: Chennai); Composition of each Zonal Council: Chairman — Union Home Minister (same person chairs ALL five Zonal Councils); Vice Chairman — Chief Minister of the host state (rotates annually); Members — Chief Ministers and two Cabinet Ministers of all states in the zone; Meetings: The Zonal Council typically meets once a year; the Union Home Minister presides over these meetings; North-Eastern Council (NEC): A separate council established under the North-Eastern Council Act, 1971 for the NE states (not under the States Reorganisation Act); Significance: Zonal Councils help foster a spirit of cooperation, coordination, and joint action among states.
Option (a) President of India — Incorrect: The President of India is NOT the Chairman of Zonal Councils; the Union Home Minister serves as the Chairman of all five Zonal Councils; the President is the constitutional head of state with a different role.
Option (b) Prime Minister — Incorrect: The Prime Minister does not serve as Chairman of the Zonal Councils; this role is specifically assigned to the Union Home Minister under the States Reorganisation Act, 1956.
Option (c) Vice Chairman of NITI Aayog — Incorrect: The Vice Chairman of NITI Aayog has no role as Chairman of Zonal Councils; the Vice Chairman of NITI Aayog is an economic policy advisory position — entirely separate from the Zonal Council structure; the Union Home Minister is the Chairman of Zonal Councils. The candidate selected this incorrect option.

SSC GD 2026 – 19 May 2026 Shift 1 · Central Information Commission

Q10. As of May 2025, who is India's Chief Information Commissioner (CIC)?

(a) Yashvardhan Kumar Sinha
(b) Heeralal Samariya
(c) Sudhir Bhargava
(d) Suresh Chandra

Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Heeralal Samariya

Correct Answer: Heeralal Samariya — Option (b)
Heeralal Samariya was serving as the Chief Information Commissioner (CIC) of India as of May 2025. The Chief Information Commissioner heads the Central Information Commission (CIC), which was established under the Right to Information (RTI) Act, 2005. The CIC is the apex body for adjudicating RTI appeals and complaints at the central government level. The Chief Information Commissioner and Information Commissioners are appointed by the President of India on the recommendation of a committee headed by the Prime Minister. The CIC plays a crucial role in upholding the fundamental right to information of Indian citizens.
Option (a) Yashvardhan Kumar Sinha — Incorrect: Yashvardhan Kumar Sinha previously served as Chief Information Commissioner before Heeralal Samariya; he was not the CIC as of May 2025.
Option (c) Sudhir Bhargava — Incorrect: Sudhir Bhargava served as Chief Information Commissioner in an earlier tenure; he was not the CIC as of May 2025.
Option (d) Suresh Chandra — Incorrect: Suresh Chandra is not the Chief Information Commissioner of India as of May 2025; that position was held by Heeralal Samariya.

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2025-26 – 9 May 2026 Shift 3 · Finance Commission

Q11. Which Constitutional Article provides for establishment of Finance Commission of India every five years Constitutionally?

(a) Article 280
(b) Article 299
(c) Article 291
(d) Article 270

Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Article 280

Topic:Finance Commission of India
Article 280of the Indian Constitution provides for the establishment of a Finance Commission.
The President constitutes the Finance Commissionevery five yearsor earlier if needed.
It recommends distribution of tax revenues between Centre and States.
Answer: Option 1 → Article 280

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2025-26 – 7 May 2026 Shift 3 · Finance Commission

Q12. According to the Constitution of India, which constitutional body advises the President on the principles governing grants-in-aid to States from the Consolidated Fund of India?

(a) Comptroller and Auditor General of India
(b) Planning Commission
(c) Finance Commission
(d) NITI Aayog

Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Finance Commission

Constitutional Body for Grants-in-Aid
Article 280:Finance Commission is constituted every 5 years.
Key Functions of Finance Commission:
1. Distribution of tax revenues between Centre and States
2.Principles for grants-in-aid to States from Consolidated Fund
3. Measures to augment State Consolidated Funds
CAG audits accounts, Planning Commission (now NITI Aayog) is policy body.
Answer: Option 3 → Finance Commission

SSC GD 2026 – 6 May 2026 Shift 1 · Comptroller and Auditor General

Q13. Which constitutional body audits the accounts of the Union and states?

(a) Finance Commission
(b) Comptroller and Auditor General
(c) NITI Aayog
(d) Union Public Service Commission

Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Comptroller and Auditor General

Correct Answer: Comptroller and Auditor General — Option (b)
The Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India is a constitutional authority established under Article 148 of the Indian Constitution. The CAG is appointed by the President of India and is responsible for auditing the accounts of the Union Government and all State Governments. The CAG ensures that public money is spent in accordance with laws and regulations, reports are submitted to Parliament/State Legislature, and financial accountability is maintained. The CAG is often called the 'guardian of public purse'.
Option (a) Finance Commission — Incorrect: The Finance Commission (Article 280) is constituted every five years to recommend the distribution of tax revenues between the Centre and States; it does not audit accounts.
Option (c) NITI Aayog — Incorrect: NITI Aayog is a policy think-tank and advisory body, not a constitutional body; it does not audit government accounts.
Option (d) Union Public Service Commission — Incorrect: UPSC (Article 315) conducts civil service examinations and advises on recruitment matters; it has no role in auditing government accounts.

SSC GD 2026 – 6 May 2026 Shift 1 · GST Council

Q14. The Goods and Services Tax Council is chaired by:

(a) Prime Minister
(b) NITI Aayog CEO
(c) RBI Governor
(d) Finance Minister of India

Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Finance Minister of India

Correct Answer: Finance Minister of India — Option (d)
The GST Council is a constitutional body established under Article 279A of the Indian Constitution. It is chaired by the Union Finance Minister of India. The Council comprises the Finance Ministers of all State Governments and Union Territories as members, along with the Union Minister of State in charge of Revenue. The GST Council makes recommendations on matters related to GST rates, exemptions, threshold limits, and administrative procedures. Decisions are taken by a three-fourths majority.
Option (a) Prime Minister — Incorrect: The Prime Minister does not chair the GST Council. The Finance Minister of India is the Chairman of the GST Council.
Option (b) NITI Aayog CEO — Incorrect: The NITI Aayog CEO has no role in the GST Council; it is a policy body, not a tax regulatory body.
Option (c) RBI Governor — Incorrect: The RBI Governor is the head of India's central bank and has no role in chairing the GST Council.

SSC GD 2026 – 29 April 2026 Shift 2 · Finance Commission

Q15. Which body recommends the distribution of tax revenues between the Union and States?

(a) NITI Aayog
(b) Parliament
(c) Finance Commission
(d) Planning Commission

Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Finance Commission

Correct Answer: Finance Commission — Option (c)
The Finance Commission is the constitutional body that recommends the distribution of tax revenues between the Union and States. Constitutional basis: Article 280 of the Indian Constitution provides for the constitution of the Finance Commission; The President of India constitutes the Finance Commission every five years (or earlier if necessary); Composition: A Chairman and four other members, appointed by the President; Key functions of the Finance Commission: Recommends the distribution between the Union and States of the net proceeds of taxes (vertical devolution); Recommends the allocation among States of the respective shares of such proceeds (horizontal devolution); Recommends grants-in-aid to States in need of assistance; Reviews the finances of the Union and States and makes recommendations; The 16th Finance Commission (constituted in 2023 under Dr. Arvind Panagariya) submitted its report for the period 2026-31.
Option (a) NITI Aayog — Incorrect: NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India) is a policy think-tank set up in 2015 to replace the Planning Commission; it provides strategic and technical advice to the government but does NOT have the constitutional mandate to recommend tax distribution between Centre and States.
Option (b) Parliament — Incorrect: Parliament legislates on tax laws and decides the Union budget, but it does NOT specifically recommend the formula for distributing tax revenues between the Union and States — that is the constitutional role of the Finance Commission under Article 280. The candidate selected this incorrect option.
Option (d) Planning Commission — Incorrect: The Planning Commission (dissolved in 2014, replaced by NITI Aayog) was responsible for planning economic development and allocating resources; it was NOT the body constitutionally mandated to recommend distribution of tax revenues between Union and States — that role belongs to the Finance Commission.

SSC GD 2026 – 27 April 2026 Shift 2 · Finance Commission

Q16. Which body recommends the distribution of taxes between the Centre and States?

(a) Planning Commission
(b) Finance Commission
(c) Parliament
(d) NITI Aayog

Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Finance Commission

Correct Answer: Finance Commission — Option (b)
The Finance Commission is a constitutional body established under Article 280 of the Indian Constitution. Its primary function is to recommend the distribution of the net proceeds of taxes between the Centre and the States (vertical devolution) and also among the States themselves (horizontal devolution). It also recommends grants-in-aid to states and measures to improve the finances of states. The Finance Commission is constituted every five years (or earlier) by the President of India. The 16th Finance Commission was constituted in 2023 under Dr. Arvind Panagariya and covers the period 2026-31.
Option (a) Planning Commission — Incorrect: The Planning Commission was dissolved in 2014 and replaced by NITI Aayog; it was responsible for planning economic development, not recommending tax distribution.
Option (c) Parliament — Incorrect: Parliament enacts tax laws but does not recommend the distribution of taxes between Centre and States; that is the specific constitutional mandate of the Finance Commission.
Option (d) NITI Aayog — Incorrect: NITI Aayog is a policy think tank that replaced the Planning Commission in 2015; it does not have the constitutional mandate to recommend tax distribution between Centre and States.

SSC GD 2026 – 27 April 2026 Shift 2 · Finance Commission

Q17. Who appoints the Chairman and members of the Finance Commission?

(a) Parliament
(b) Union Cabinet
(c) President
(d) Prime Minister

Answer & solution

Answer: (c) President

Correct Answer: President — Option (c)
Under Article 280(1) of the Indian Constitution, the President of India constitutes the Finance Commission within two years from the commencement of the Constitution and thereafter at the expiration of every fifth year or at such earlier time as the President considers necessary. The President appoints the Chairman and four other members of the Finance Commission. The qualifications of the members are determined by Parliament by law. The Finance Commission submits its report to the President, who then causes it to be laid before both Houses of Parliament.
Option (a) Parliament — Incorrect: Parliament does not appoint the Finance Commission; it determines the qualifications of its members by law. Appointment is made by the President.
Option (b) Union Cabinet — Incorrect: The Union Cabinet does not appoint the Finance Commission members; the constitutional authority vested with this power is the President of India.
Option (d) Prime Minister — Incorrect: The Prime Minister does not formally appoint the Finance Commission; the appointment is made by the President under Article 280, though the President acts on the advice of the Council of Ministers.

RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2025-26 – 27 March 2026 Shift 2 · Finance Commission

Q18. According to the Finance Commission (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act, 1951, the Finance Commission shall consist of:

(a) A Chairman and six other members
(b) A Chairman and two other members
(c) A Chairman and four other members
(d) A Chairman and eight other members

Answer & solution

Answer: (c) A Chairman and four other members

Finance Commission (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act, 1951
The Act defines the composition of the Finance Commission.
Composition:A Chairman + Four other members = Total 5 members
The Chairman and members are appointed by the President of India.
Answer: Option 3 → A Chairman and four other members

RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2025-26 – 27 March 2026 Shift 2 · Finance Commission

Q19. Consider the following statements regarding the Finance Commission.
1. It is a quasi-judicial body.
2. It is related to Article 280.
3. It is constituted by the President.
4. It is constituted after each 6 years.
Which of the above statements is/are correct.

(a) Only 4
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 2 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3 only

Answer & solution

Answer: (d) 1, 2, and 3 only

Finance Commission - Constitutional Provisions
Statement 1:It is a quasi-judicial body ✓
FC acts as an independent body making recommendations on distribution of finances between Centre and States.
Statement 2:Related to Article 280 ✓
Article 280 specifically deals with the Finance Commission.
Statement 3:Constituted by the President ✓
President constitutes FC under Article 280.
Statement 4:Constituted after each 6 years ✗
FC is constituted every5 years, not 6 years.
Answer: Option 4 → 1, 2, and 3 only

RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2025-26 – 27 March 2026 Shift 3 · Finance Commission

Q20. What is the main role of the Finance Commission in Centre-State relations in India?

(a) Approving state budgets
(b) Recommending distribution between the Union and the States of the net proceeds of taxes
(c) Planning economic development funds
(d) Allocating state shares of GST

Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Recommending distribution between the Union and the States of the net proceeds of taxes

Finance Commission - Constitutional Body
Established underArticle 280of Indian Constitution.
Primary function: Recommend distribution ofnet proceeds of taxesbetween Union and States.
Also recommends: Grants-in-aid to states and measures for sound finance.
Note: Does NOT approve budgets or plan development funds.
Answer: Option 2 → Recommending distribution between the Union and the States of the net proceeds of taxes

RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2025-26 – 25 March 2026 Shift 1 · GST Council

Q21. In the decision-making process of the GST Council, how is the voting power distributed between the Central Government and the State Governments?

(a) Centre = 1/2, States = 1/2
(b) Centre = 1/3, States = 2/3
(c) Centre = 2/3, States = 1/3
(d) States alone = 1 , Centre = 0

Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Centre = 1/3, States = 2/3

GST Council Voting Power Distribution
Constitutional Provision: Article 279A
The GST Council makes decisions through voting when consensus fails.
Voting Power Formula:
• Central Government (Union Finance Minister) =1/3 voting power
• All State Governments combined =2/3 voting power
Decision requires at least3/4 majorityof weighted votes.
This ensures states have collective dominance while giving Centre significant say.
Answer: Option 2 → Centre = 1/3, States = 2/3

RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2025-26 – 24 March 2026 Shift 2 · National Commissions for SC, ST and BC

Q22. The National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST) was created by which Constitutional Amendment?

(a) 97th Amendment
(b) 89th Amendment
(c) 102nd Amendment
(d) 65th Amendment

Answer & solution

Answer: (b) 89th Amendment

National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST)
Originally, Article 338 covered both SCs and STs under a single National Commission.
89th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2003:
- Bifurcated Article 338 into two separate commissions
- Article 338 → National Commission for Scheduled Castes (NCSC)
- Article 338A → National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST)
NCST became a constitutional body with powers to investigate and monitor safeguards for STs.
Answer: Option 2 → 89th Amendment

RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2025-26 – 22 March 2026 Shift 3 · UPSC and State PSCs

Q23. The appointing authority for the Chairman and members of a State Public Service Commission under Article 316 of the Constitution of India is:

(a) The President of India
(b) The Governor of the State
(c) The Chief Minister of the State
(d) The Speaker of the State Assembly

Answer & solution

Answer: (b) The Governor of the State

Topic: State Public Service Commission (SPSC)
Article 316 of the Constitutiondeals with appointment and term of office of members of SPSC.
Key Provisions:
• Chairman and members are appointed by theGovernor of the State.
• Governor also determines their conditions of service.
• Members hold office for6 yearsor until age 62, whichever is earlier.
Note: President appoints UPSC members, Governor appoints SPSC members.
Answer: Option 2 → The Governor of the State

RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2025-26 – 16 March 2026 Shift 3 · Election Commission of India

Q24. Before each general election to the House of the People or to a State Legislative Assembly, the President may appoint Regional Commissioners after:

(a) consultation with the Chief Justice of India
(b) consultation with the Speaker of the Lok Sabha
(c) consultation with the Prime Minister
(d) consultation with the Election Commission

Answer & solution

Answer: (d) consultation with the Election Commission

Before each general election to the House of the People or a State Legislative
Assembly, the President may appoint Regional Commissioners after
CONSULTATION WITH THE ELECTION COMMISSION.
Constitutional basis:
• Article 324 empowers the Election Commission to superintend, direct
and control elections.
• Regional Commissioners assist the Election Commission in managing elections.
• This is done in consultation with the Election Commission — NOT the Prime Minister
or Speaker or Chief Justice.
Answer: Option 4 → consultation with the Election Commission

RRB Technician Grade III 2025-26 – 10 March 2026 Shift 3 · UPSC and State PSCs

Q25. Who among the following appoints the members of the State Public Service Commission (SPSC) under Article 316 of the Constitution of India?

(a) Chief Justice of the High Court
(b) Governor of the State
(c) President of India
(d) Prime Minister of India

Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Governor of the State

Members of the State Public Service Commission (SPSC) are appointed under Article 316 of the Indian Constitution.
According to Article 316, the Governor of the State appoints the members of the SPSC.
This ensures that the commission functions under the state government for which it is constituted.
Therefore, the correct appointing authority is the Governor of the State.

RRB Technician Grade III 2025-26 – 6 March 2026 Shift 3 · NHRC and SHRC

Q26. In India, which of the following is NOT considered as a constitutional body?

(a) National Human Rights Commission
(b) Union Public Service Commission
(c) Election Commission of India
(d) Finance Commission of India

Answer & solution

Answer: (a) National Human Rights Commission

The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) is a statutory body, not a constitutional body.
Constitutional bodies are established by the Constitution of India.
Examples of constitutional bodies include:
1. Union Public Service Commission (UPSC)
2. Election Commission of India
3. Finance Commission of India
Hence, NHRC is NOT a constitutional body.
Final answer: Option 1

RRB Technician Grade III 2025-26 – 6 March 2026 Shift 1 · National Commissions for SC, ST and BC

Q27. Which Article of the Constitution of India provides for the establishment of the National Commission for Scheduled Castes (NCSC) to safeguard the rights of the Scheduled Castes?

(a) Article 340
(b) Article 350
(c) Article 338
(d) Article 330

Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Article 338

The National Commission for Scheduled Castes (NCSC) is established under Article 338 of the Constitution of India.
Article 338 provides the commission the authority to safeguard the rights and interests of Scheduled Castes.
Therefore, the correct article is Article 338 which deals explicitly with NCSC.
Options 1, 2, and 4 relate to other provisions and do not establish the NCSC.
Hence, the answer is Option 3.

RRB JE CBT-1 2025-26 – 20 February 2026 · CVC and CBI

Q28. In 1964, who chaired the Committee on Prevention of Corruption and suggested the Central Vigilance Commission be established?

(a) P K Mohanty
(b) G K Pillai
(c) K. Santhanam
(d) G V Ramakrishna

Answer & solution

Answer: (c) K. Santhanam

Correct option is 3: K. Santhanam.
K. Santhanam chaired the Committee on Prevention of Corruption in 1964.
The committee suggested the establishment of the Central Vigilance Commission.
This was a key step in setting up an institutional mechanism to prevent corruption in government.
Thus, the Chairperson of this committee was K. Santhanam.
Final answer: Option 3

SSC MTS 2025 – 10 February 2026 Shift 3 · Other bodies (NSC, NDMA, etc.)

Q29. In which year was the National Statistical Commission constituted?

(a) 2006
(b) 2008
(c) 2010
(d) 2012

Answer & solution

Answer: (a) 2006

The correct answer is 2006 (Option 1). The National Statistical Commission (NSC) was set up by the Government of India in 2006, based on the recommendations of the Rangarajan Commission (2001). It is a permanent body that oversees statistical standards and coordination in India. Options 2, 3, and 4 (2008, 2010, 2012) are incorrect years.

Delhi Police Head Constable (Ministerial) 2025-26 – 9 January 2026 Shift 2 · Election Commission of India

Q30. Who was the first Chief Election Commissioner of India?

(a) Sukumar Sen
(b) Asaf Ali
(c) Govind Ballabh Pant
(d) Arun Chandra Guha

Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Sukumar Sen

Sukumar Sen was the first Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) of India, appointed in 1950. He served from 1950 to 1958 and conducted India's first two General Elections (1951-52 and 1957).
(2) Asaf Ali was India's first Ambassador to the United States, not the CEC.
(3) Govind Ballabh Pant was the first Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh and later Union Home Minister.
(4) Arun Chandra Guha was a politician and MP, not the CEC.

Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 6 January 2026 Shift 3 · National Commission for Women, Minorities and other commissions

Q31. The Ministry of Minority Affairs implements schemes for the socio-economic empowerment of how many centrally notified minority communities?

(a) Four
(b) Five
(c) Six
(d) Eight

Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Six

The correct answer is (c) Six.
The Ministry of Minority Affairs implements schemes for six centrally notified minority communities in India: (1) Muslims, (2) Christians, (3) Sikhs, (4) Buddhists, (5) Jains, and (6) Zoroastrians (Parsis). These communities were notified under the National Commission for Minorities Act, 1992.
(a) Four: Only four minority communities would exclude Jains and Zoroastrians; the correct number is six.
(b) Five: Only five would exclude one community; the actual number of notified minority communities is six.
(d) Eight: There are no eight centrally notified minority communities; the correct number is six.

Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 6 January 2026 Shift 3 · Election Commission of India

Q32. Who appoints the Chief Election Commissioner of India, the head of the constitutional body responsible for supervising nationwide elections?

(a) Prime minister
(b) President
(c) Governor
(d) Speaker of Loksabha

Answer & solution

Answer: (b) President

The correct answer is (b) President.
The Chief Election Commissioner of India is appointed by the President of India under Article 324 of the Constitution. The Election Commission of India is an autonomous constitutional authority responsible for administering Union and State election processes.
(a) Prime minister: Under the Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners (Appointment, Conditions of Service and Term of Office) Act 2023, a Selection Committee recommends candidates (including the PM), but the formal appointment is made by the President.
(c) Governor: The Governor is appointed by the President and has no role in appointing the CEC.
(d) Speaker of Loksabha: The Speaker presides over Lok Sabha sessions and has no role in appointing constitutional authorities like the CEC.

Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 5 January 2026 Shift 1 · Lokpal and Lokayukta

Q33. What is the main function of the Lokpal?

(a) To conduct elections
(b) To investigate allegations of corruption against high public officials
(c) To protect human rights
(d) To act as the government's lawyer

Answer & solution

Answer: (b) To investigate allegations of corruption against high public officials

The correct answer is (b) To investigate allegations of corruption against high public officials.
The Lokpal is an independent anti-corruption ombudsman established under the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013. Its primary function is to investigate allegations of corruption against high public officials including the Prime Minister, Union Ministers, MPs, and senior bureaucrats.
(a) To conduct elections: This is the function of the Election Commission of India.
(c) To protect human rights: This is the function of the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC).
(d) To act as the government's lawyer: This is the function of the Attorney General of India.

Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 5 January 2026 Shift 1 · NITI Aayog

Q34. NITI Aayog replaced which older organization in 2015?

(a) The Finance Commission
(b) The Planning Commission
(c) The Election Commission
(d) The National Development Council

Answer & solution

Answer: (b) The Planning Commission

The correct answer is (b) The Planning Commission.
NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India) was established on January 1, 2015 to replace the Planning Commission (established 1950). Unlike the Planning Commission, NITI Aayog is a policy think-tank without fund allocation powers and promotes cooperative federalism.
(a) The Finance Commission: A constitutional body for devolution of funds; not replaced by NITI Aayog.
(c) The Election Commission: A constitutional body conducting elections; not replaced by NITI Aayog.
(d) The National Development Council: An advisory body; it was effectively dissolved alongside the Planning Commission.

Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 30 December 2025 Shift 2 · Inter-State Council and Zonal Councils

Q35. Under which Article is the Inter-State Council established to promote coordination between the Union and States and resolve inter-governmental disputes?

(a) 262
(b) 263
(c) 280
(d) 312

Answer & solution

Answer: (b) 263

Article 263 of the Indian Constitution provides for the establishment of an Inter-State Council by the President to promote coordination between the Union and States and investigate disputes between States. The Inter-State Council was established in 1990.
(a) Incorrect: Article 262 relates to the adjudication of disputes relating to the use of inter-state rivers and river valleys.
(c) Incorrect: Article 280 provides for the constitution of the Finance Commission to make recommendations on financial matters.
(d) Incorrect: Article 312 provides for the creation of All India Services common to both the Union and States.

Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 24 December 2025 Shift 3 · Finance Commission

Q36. Which of the following is the Article of the Indian Constitution that provides for the establishment of a Finance Commission?

(a) Article 280
(b) Article 275
(c) Article 350
(d) Article 350A

Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Article 280

The correct answer is Article 280 (Option 1).
Article 280 of the Indian Constitution provides for the establishment of a Finance Commission. The President constitutes a Finance Commission every five years (or earlier) to recommend the distribution of tax revenues between the Centre and states, and among states. The 16th Finance Commission is currently constituted.
Option 2 - Article 275: Article 275 deals with grants-in-aid from the Centre to states; it does not establish the Finance Commission.
Option 3 - Article 350: Article 350 deals with the right to submit representations in any language; it has no connection to the Finance Commission.
Option 4 - Article 350A: Article 350A deals with facilities for instruction in mother-tongue at the primary stage; it is completely unrelated to the Finance Commission.

Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 23 December 2025 Shift 1 · Finance Commission

Q37. The body that recommends distribution of net tax proceeds between the Union and the States is:

(a) Finance Commission
(b) Inter-State Council
(c) NITI Aayog
(d) Goods and Services Tax Council

Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Finance Commission

The correct answer is Finance Commission (Option 1).
The Finance Commission, established under Article 280 of the Indian Constitution, recommends the distribution of net proceeds of taxes between the Union and States, as well as grants-in-aid to states. It is constituted every five years.
Option 2 - Inter-State Council: Promotes cooperation and coordination among states and between Centre and states; does not recommend tax distribution.
Option 3 - NITI Aayog: A policy think-tank replacing the Planning Commission; it does not have a constitutional role in tax distribution.
Option 4 - GST Council: Recommends GST rates and related matters; it is a constitutional body under Article 279A but does not distribute net tax proceeds.

Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 23 December 2025 Shift 1 · Finance Commission

Q38. Which of the following is NOT a constitutional duty for the Finance Commission?

(a) To recommend distribution of taxes
(b) To evaluate the fiscal policy of states
(c) To recommend grants-in-aid
(d) To suggest measures to augment state finances

Answer & solution

Answer: (b) To evaluate the fiscal policy of states

The correct answer is To evaluate the fiscal policy of states (Option 2).
Evaluating state fiscal policy is NOT a constitutional duty of the Finance Commission. Under Article 280, the Finance Commission's constitutional duties are: recommending tax revenue distribution between Union and States, recommending grants-in-aid, and suggesting measures to supplement state finances.
Option 1 - To recommend distribution of taxes: This IS a constitutional duty under Article 280(3)(a).
Option 3 - To recommend grants-in-aid: This IS a constitutional duty under Article 280(3)(b).
Option 4 - To suggest measures to augment state finances: This IS within the Finance Commission's constitutional mandate.

Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 22 December 2025 Shift 2 · Comptroller and Auditor General

Q39. What is the term of office for the Comptroller and Auditor General of India?

(a) 5 years or until age 62
(b) 6 years or until age 65
(c) 9 years or until age 65
(d) 7 years or until age 60

Answer & solution

Answer: (b) 6 years or until age 65

Under Article 148 of the Indian Constitution, the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India holds office for a term of 6 years or until he/she attains the age of 65 years — whichever is earlier. The CAG is appointed by the President and can be removed only by impeachment by Parliament (like a Supreme Court judge). Option 2 is correct.
Option 1 is wrong: A term of 5 years or until age 62 applies to the Election Commissioners (Chief Election Commissioner serves 6 years or till 65); the CAG specifically serves 6 years or till age 65.
Option 3 is wrong: A term of 9 years or until age 65 corresponds to the UPSC Chairman/Members; the CAG's constitutional term is 6 years or until age 65 — not 9 years.
Option 4 is wrong: A term of 7 years or until age 60 does not apply to the CAG; it partly resembles the President's term (5 years) or some other constitutional provisions, but the CAG's specific term is 6 years or until age 65.

Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 22 December 2025 Shift 3 · NITI Aayog

Q40. Which among the following is NOT a constitutional body established directly under constitutional provisions?

(a) UPSC
(b) Finance Commission
(c) CAG
(d) NITI Aayog

Answer & solution

Answer: (d) NITI Aayog

The correct answer is NITI Aayog (Option 4).
NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India) was established by an executive resolution of the Union Cabinet in January 2015, replacing the Planning Commission. It is NOT a constitutional body.
Option 1 - UPSC: The Union Public Service Commission is a constitutional body established under Article 315 of the Indian Constitution.
Option 2 - Finance Commission: A constitutional body established under Article 280 to recommend the distribution of financial resources between the Union and states.
Option 3 - CAG: The Comptroller and Auditor General is a constitutional body under Article 148, responsible for auditing government accounts.

Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 20 December 2025 Shift 1 · Finance Commission

Q41. In 2024, Arvind Panagariya was the 16th Chairman of the Finance Commission of India. Which of the following is correct regarding the responsibilities of the Finance Commission?

(a) Conducting monetary policy and controlling inflation
(b) Deciding the number of seats in the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha
(c) Recommending the distribution of financial resources between the Centre and States
(d) Regulating share markets and financial intermediaries

Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Recommending the distribution of financial resources between the Centre and States

The Finance Commission is constitutionally mandated (Article 280) to recommend the distribution of financial resources between the Centre and States. Option 3 is correct.
Option 1 is wrong: Monetary policy and inflation control is the mandate of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), not the Finance Commission.
Option 2 is wrong: Deciding the number of seats in the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha is the function of the Delimitation Commission, not the Finance Commission.
Option 4 is wrong: Regulating share markets and financial intermediaries is the mandate of SEBI (Securities and Exchange Board of India).

Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 19 December 2025 Shift 1 · Lokpal and Lokayukta

Q42. Who was sworn in as the Judicial Member of the Lokpal of India, with the oath administered by Justice A. M. Khanwilkar ?

(a) Shri Pankaj Kumar
(b) Shri Ajay Tirkey
(c) Justice Ritu Raj Awasthi
(d) Justice R. Banumathi

Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Justice Ritu Raj Awasthi

Justice Ritu Raj Awasthi was sworn in as a Judicial Member of the Lokpal of India. The oath was administered by Justice A.M. Khanwilkar, who serves as the Chairperson of the Lokpal. Justice Ritu Raj Awasthi served as the Chief Justice of the Karnataka High Court and was known for landmark judgments including the hijab ban case.
Option 1 is incorrect: Shri Pankaj Kumar served as a non-judicial/expert Member of the Lokpal; he is not associated with the Judicial Member role sworn in by Justice Khanwilkar.
Option 2 is incorrect: Shri Ajay Tirkey served as a Member of the Lokpal (non-judicial) but was not sworn in as the Judicial Member by Justice Khanwilkar.
Option 4 is incorrect: Justice R. Banumathi is a former Supreme Court judge who has served on various bodies; she was not the one sworn in as Judicial Member of Lokpal by Justice Khanwilkar.

Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 18 December 2025 Shift 1 · Lokpal and Lokayukta

Q43. ________ is a 1987-batch IAS officer (retired) of the Madhya Pradesh cadre who served as the Secretary, Department of Land Resources, Government of India.

(a) Justice Ritu Raj Awasthi
(b) A. M. Khanwilkar
(c) Ajay Tirkey
(d) Justice R. Banumathi

Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Ajay Tirkey

Ajay Tirkey is a 1987-batch IAS officer of the Madhya Pradesh cadre who served as the Secretary, Department of Land Resources, Government of India. He has had a distinguished career in the civil services spanning various administrative roles.
Option (a) is incorrect: Justice Ritu Raj Awasthi is a judicial officer (former Chief Justice of Karnataka High Court); he is not a 1987-batch IAS officer of MP cadre.
Option (b) is incorrect: A. M. Khanwilkar (A.M. Khanwilkar) is a former Justice of the Supreme Court of India; he is not an IAS officer.
Option (d) is incorrect: Justice R. Banumathi is a former Supreme Court judge; she is not a 1987-batch IAS officer.

Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 18 December 2025 Shift 2 · Election Commission of India

Q44. Who was the Chief Election Commissioner of India during the 2024 Lok Sabha elections?

(a) Rajiv Kumar
(b) Anup Chandra Pandey
(c) Gyanesh Kumar
(d) Sushil Chandra

Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Rajiv Kumar

Rajiv Kumar was the Chief Election Commissioner of India during the 2024 Lok Sabha General Elections (April-June 2024). He served as CEC from May 2022 until February 2025. The 2024 Lok Sabha elections were held in seven phases from April 19 to June 1, 2024, with results declared on June 4, 2024.
Option 2 is incorrect: Anup Chandra Pandey served as an Election Commissioner but not as the Chief Election Commissioner during the 2024 elections.
Option 3 is incorrect: Gyanesh Kumar was appointed as Chief Election Commissioner after Rajiv Kumar's retirement in February 2025; he was not CEC during the 2024 elections.
Option 4 is incorrect: Sushil Chandra served as CEC from April 2021 to May 2022 - before the 2024 elections.

SSC CPO Paper-1 2025 – 9 December 2025 Shift 1 · Election Commission of India

Q45. Which Article assigns the responsibility of calling for elections a state to the Election Commission?

(a) Article 324
(b) Article 326
(c) Article 327
(d) Article 325

Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Article 324

Article 324 vests the superintendence, direction, and control of elections to Parliament, state legislatures, the President, and the Vice-President in the Election Commission of India.
This includes the responsibility for calling, conducting, and overseeing elections at both the national and state level.
Article 326: Deals with adult suffrage — the right to vote for all citizens aged 18 and above.
Article 327: Empowers Parliament to make provisions regarding elections to legislatures.
Article 325: Prohibits discrimination in electoral rolls on grounds of religion, race, caste, or sex.

SSC Stenographer 2025 – 8 December 2025 Shift 1 · National Commissions for SC, ST and BC

Q46. Kishor Makwana’s appointment as Chairman of NCSC is significant in which evaluative context?

(a) Social justice administration and SC policy implementation
(b) Caste census leadership
(c) Agricultural economic reforms
(d) Political consolidation in Southern India

Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Social justice administration and SC policy implementation

Kishor Makwana’s appointment as Chairman of the National Commission for Scheduled Castes (NCSC) holds significance in the context of social justice administration and SC policy implementation . The NCSC plays a critical role in safeguarding the rights of Scheduled Castes, reviewing the implementation of constitutional and legal safeguards, and ensuring effective policy execution for their upliftment. His leadership is particularly evaluated in terms of advancing the goals of social justice, reducing caste-based inequalities, and strengthening the institutional mechanisms meant for SC welfare.

SSC Stenographer 2025 – 7 December 2025 Shift 2 · Lokpal and Lokayukta

Q47. Which of the following accurately describes the statutory responsibilities of the Lokpal under the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013 ?

(a) The Lokpal is a constitutional body tasked with making final judgments in corruption cases
(b) The Lokpal operates under the direct administrative control of the Prime Minister’s Office
(c) The Lokpal is mandated to provide the President with an annual report, which will be laid before both Houses of Parliament
(d) The Lokpal must submit regular reports to the Election Commission for public disclosure

Answer & solution

Answer: (c) The Lokpal is mandated to provide the President with an annual report, which will be laid before both Houses of Parliament

The correct answer is option 3. The Lokpal is a statutory (not constitutional) body established under the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013. It does not make final judgments in corruption cases, but inquires into complaints of corruption against public officials and refers them to competent authorities for further action. The Lokpal is independent and not under the control of the Prime Minister’s Office. According to the Act, the Lokpal must present an annual report to the President, who lays it before both Houses of Parliament.

SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 29 November 2025 Shift 2 · Comptroller and Auditor General

Q48. Which article of the Indian Constitution mentions that There shall be a Comptroller and Auditor-General of India?

(a) Article 142
(b) Article 144
(c) Article 146
(d) Article 148

Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Article 148

Article 148 of the Indian Constitution provides that there shall be a Comptroller and Auditor-General of India (CAG). The CAG is appointed by the President of India and is responsible for auditing the accounts of the Union and State governments.
Article 142 deals with enforcement of decrees and orders of the Supreme Court.
Article 144 deals with civil and judicial authorities acting in aid of the Supreme Court.
Article 146 deals with officers and servants and the expenses of the Supreme Court.

SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 22 September 2025 Shift 3 · GST Council

Q49. Consider the following statements:
1. Article246Agrants exclusive power to Parliament to make laws on GST.
2. States have no legislative power over intra-state GST.
3. GST Council is a constitutional body under Article 279A.
Which of the above statements is/arecorrect?

(a) 2 only
(b) 1 only
(c) 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3

Answer & solution

Answer: (c) 3 only

Statement 1 is incorrect: Article 246A grants concurrent power to both Parliament and State legislatures (not exclusive to Parliament).
Statement 2 is incorrect: States have legislative power over intra-state GST (SGST).
Statement 3 is correct: the GST Council is a constitutional body created under Article 279A.
Hence only 3 is correct.

SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 22 September 2025 Shift 1 · Finance Commission

Q50. The Finance Commission is established under which Article of the Indian Constitution?

(a) 280
(b) 268
(c) 246
(d) 365

Answer & solution

Answer: (a) 280

The Finance Commission is constituted under Article 280 of the Constitution.
Article 268 deals with duties levied by the Union but collected by States; Article 246 covers distribution of legislative powers; Article 365 relates to failure to comply with Union directions.
Hence the answer is Article 280.

SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 22 September 2025 Shift 1 · Inter-State Council and Zonal Councils

Q51. Consider the following statements:
1. Inter-State Council was established in 1990 on the recommendation of Sarkaria Commission.
2. It is a constitutional body under Article 263.
3. It has powers to enforce compliance among States.
Which of the above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3

Answer & solution

Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only

Statement 1: correct — the Inter-State Council was set up in 1990 on the Sarkaria Commission's recommendation.
Statement 2: correct — it is established under Article 263 of the Constitution.
Statement 3: incorrect — it is a recommendatory body and cannot enforce compliance.
Hence only 1 and 2 are correct.

SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 21 September 2025 Shift 1 · Inter-State Council and Zonal Councils

Q52. Which of the following statements about the Inter-State Council (ISC) is/are correct?
A) The Inter-State Council is headed by the Prime Minister of India.
B) It functions as a recommendatory body rather than a tribunal for dispute resolution.

(a) Only 1
(b) Only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Both 1 and 2

Statement A: Correct. ISC is chaired by the Prime Minister (established under Art 263, 1990).
Statement B: Correct. It is purely a recommendatory body; it does not adjudicate inter-state disputes (that is the Supreme Court's role under Art 131).
Hence, both correct.

SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 21 September 2025 Shift 2 · Inter-State Council and Zonal Councils

Q53. Consider the following statements:
1. Article 263 empowers Parliament to establish Inter-State Council.
2. The Council can investigate inter-state disputes.
3. Its composition includes PM and Union Ministers.
Which of the above is/are correct?

(a) (a) 2 and 3 only
(b) (b) 1 and 2 only
(c) (c) 1 and 3 only
(d) (d) 1, 2 and 3

Answer & solution

Answer: (a) (a) 2 and 3 only

Statement 1: Incorrect — Article 263 empowers the President (not Parliament) to establish the Inter-State Council.
Statement 2: Correct — the Council can inquire into and advise on inter-state disputes.
Statement 3: Correct — its composition includes the PM and Union Ministers (along with Chief Ministers).
Hence only 2 and 3 are correct.

SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 19 September 2025 Shift 1 · Finance Commission

Q54. Which of the following statements about the Finance Commission of India iscorrect?

(a) Its recommendations are binding on the Union and State governments.
(b) Its members enjoy a fixed tenure protected from executive removal.
(c) Its recommendations are advisory in nature and not legally binding.
(d) It submits its report directly to the Parliament for enactment.

Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Its recommendations are advisory in nature and not legally binding.

The Finance Commission is a constitutional body under Article 280 that recommends devolution of taxes between Centre and States.
Its recommendations are advisory in nature; though usually accepted, they are not legally binding.
Henceoption 3is correct.

SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 19 September 2025 Shift 2 · Inter-State Council and Zonal Councils

Q55. What is the role of Article 263 in maintaining Union–State coordination?

(a) Settles taxation disputes
(b) Creates Zonal Councils
(c) Provides Inter-State Council framework
(d) Enforces Emergency Provisions

Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Provides Inter-State Council framework

Article 263 of the Constitution empowers the President to establish an Inter-State Council to inquire into and advise on disputes and matters of common interest between the Union and States.
Zonal Councils are statutory bodies under the States Reorganisation Act, not Article 263.
HenceArticle 263 provides the Inter-State Council framework.

SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 19 September 2025 Shift 3 · GST Council

Q56. Fill in the blanks:
The Chairperson of the GST Council is the _____ of India.

(a) Prime Minister
(b) Union Finance Minister
(c) President
(d) Vice-President

Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Union Finance Minister

As per Article 279A of the Constitution, theUnion Finance Minister of Indiachairs the Goods and Services Tax (GST) Council.
Hence the correct answer isUnion Finance Minister.

SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 18 September 2025 Shift 1 · GST Council

Q57. Which of the following statements correctly applies the weighted voting mechanism under Article 279A(9) of the Indian Constitution?

(a) The Centre holds 75% of the voting power in the GST Council
(b) A GST Council decision can be passed solely with the support of the Centre and one State
(c) The States collectively have twice the voting weight of the Centre in the GST Council
(d) Each State has equal weightage as the Centre in GST Council voting

Answer & solution

Answer: (c) The States collectively have twice the voting weight of the Centre in the GST Council

Under Article 279A(9): Centre has 1/3 weightage, States collectively have 2/3 weightage (twice the Centre).
Answer: The States collectively have twice the voting weight of the Centre.

SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 18 September 2025 Shift 1 · GST Council

Q58. Consider the following statements:
1. The GST Council makes binding recommendations on GST rates.
2. Article 246A allows States to legislate on intra-state supply of goods and services.
Which of the above is/are correct?

(a) Only 1
(b) Only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Only 2

Statement 1: GST Council recommendations are NOT binding — the Supreme Court clarified this in 2022. Incorrect.
Statement 2: Article 246A grants both Parliament and State legislatures power to legislate on GST for intra-state supply. Correct.
Answer: Only 2

SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 18 September 2025 Shift 2 · Inter-State Council and Zonal Councils

Q59. Fill in the blanks:
The Union Home Minister chairs a Zonal Council meeting as ____ chairman.

(a) ex-officio
(b) rotating
(c) ceremonial
(d) honorary

Answer & solution

Answer: (a) ex-officio

Under the States Reorganisation Act, 1956, the Union Home Minister chairs Zonal Councils ex-officio (by virtue of office).
Chief Ministers of member states serve as rotating vice-chairmen.
Hence the correct word is ex-officio.

SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 14 September 2025 Shift 2 · Inter-State Council and Zonal Councils

Q60. Fill in the blanks:
Zonal Councils were created by the _____ Act, 1956.

(a) States Reorganisation
(b) Finance Commission
(c) Panchayati Raj
(d) Representation of People

Answer & solution

Answer: (a) States Reorganisation

The five Zonal Councils (Northern, Central, Eastern, Western, Southern) were created under Part III of the States Reorganisation Act, 1956, to promote inter-state cooperation after the linguistic reorganisation of states.
The Finance Commission, Panchayati Raj, and Representation of People Acts deal with different subjects (finance, local self-government, and elections respectively).

SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 13 September 2025 Shift 1 · Inter-State Council and Zonal Councils

Q61. Which Article enables the President to establish an Inter-State Council?

(a) Article 263
(b) Article 264
(c) Article 312
(d) Article 262

Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Article 263

Article 263 of the Constitution empowers the President to establish an Inter-State Council if it appears to him that public interest would be served by setting up such a body.
Article 262 deals with adjudication of inter-state water disputes; Article 264 deals with the interpretation of finance-related terms; Article 312 deals with All-India Services.
Hence the correct Article is 263.

SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 13 September 2025 Shift 2 · GST Council

Q62. As per Article 279A of the Indian Constitution, the GST Council's decisions require what kind of majority of the weighted votes of the members present and voting?

(a) Simple majority
(b) Three-fourths majority
(c) Two-thirds majority
(d) Half majority

Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Three-fourths majority

• Indian Constitution - Article 279A (GST Council):
• Article 279A establishes the GST Council.
• Every decision of the GST Council shall be taken by a majority of not less than THREE-FOURTHS (3/4) of the weighted votes of the members present and voting.
• Weighting: Centre's vote = 1/3 of total; all States' votes combined = 2/3 of total.
• Answer: Three-fourths majority

SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 13 September 2025 Shift 3 · Inter-State Council and Zonal Councils

Q63. Consider the following statements:
1. Inter-State Council is a constitutional body under Article 263.
2. Its recommendations are binding on the Union and States.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

(a) Only 1
(b) Only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Only 1

Statement 1 — Correct. Article 263 of the Constitution provides for the establishment of an Inter-State Council by the President; thus it is a constitutional body (established in 1990 by Presidential order).
Statement 2 — Incorrect. The Inter-State Council is a recommendatory body; its recommendations are advisory and not binding on the Union or States.
Hence only Statement 1 is correct.

SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 12 September 2025 Shift 1 · Inter-State Council and Zonal Councils

Q64. Arrange the following events in chronological order:
a. Eastern Zonal Council meeting 2022
b. States Reorganisation Act passed
c. First Central Zonal Council meeting

(a) b-c-a
(b) c-b-a
(c) a-b-c
(d) b-a-c

Answer & solution

Answer: (a) b-c-a

States Reorganisation Act was passed in 1956 (b).
The first Central Zonal Council meeting was held in 1957 (c).
The Eastern Zonal Council meeting in 2022 (a).
Chronological order: b → c → a.
Hence, the answer is b-c-a.

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 8 September 2025 Shift 2 · Comptroller and Auditor General

Q65. Under which Article of the Constitution is the Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG) appointed?

(a) Article 280
(b) Article 148
(c) Article 76
(d) Article 324

Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Article 148

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 8 September 2025 Shift 2 · Finance Commission

Q66. As on 1 May 2025, who among the following is NOT a full time member of the 16ᵗʰ Finance Commission?

(a) Dr. Soumya Kanti Ghosh
(b) Ajay Narayan Jha
(c) Annie George Mathew
(d) Dr. Manoj Panda

Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Dr. Soumya Kanti Ghosh

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 3 September 2025 Shift 1 · Lokpal and Lokayukta

Q67. Who among the following is eligible to be appointed as the Chairperson of the Lokpal, as per the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013?

(a) A current Member of Parliament
(b) A sitting judge of a High Court
(c) A retired Cabinet Secretary of India
(d) A former Judge of the Supreme Court

Answer & solution

Answer: (d) A former Judge of the Supreme Court

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 3 September 2025 Shift 1 · Constitutional, statutory and non-statutory bodies - classification

Q68. Which of these is a distinct feature of a statutory corporation in India?

(a) Its employees are considered government civil servants under the usual rules.
(b) It is fully owned by private shareholders and receives no government funding.
(c) It has no legal existence separate from the government.
(d) It is established by an Act, has a separate legal identity, and can sue or be sued.

Answer & solution

Answer: (d) It is established by an Act, has a separate legal identity, and can sue or be sued.

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 3 September 2025 Shift 2 · Election Commission of India

Q69. What does the Constitution of India stipulate regarding the composition of the Election Commission of India (ECI)?

(a) It must include one Election Commissioner from each major state to ensure federal balance
(b) It must always be a three-member body (one Chief Election Commissioner and two Election Commissioners).
(c) It may be single or multi-member; initially, there was only a Chief Election Commissioner until 1989.
(d) It is constitutionally fixed as a single-member body headed by the Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) only.

Answer & solution

Answer: (c) It may be single or multi-member; initially, there was only a Chief Election Commissioner until 1989.

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 3 September 2025 Shift 2 · UPSC and State PSCs

Q70. Which body is responsible for recruitment to All India Services like IAS and IPS?

(a) Finance Commission
(b) Election Commission
(c) Comptroller and Auditor General
(d) Union Public Service Commission

Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Union Public Service Commission

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 3 September 2025 Shift 2 · National Commissions for SC, ST and BC

Q71. The First Backward Classes Commission was appointed in which year?

(a) 1967
(b) 1966
(c) 1993
(d) 1953

Answer & solution

Answer: (d) 1953

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 1 September 2025 Shift 3 · NHRC and SHRC

Q72. Select the correct statement regarding the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) of India.

(a) It is a constitutional body formed by a Constitutional Amendment, with powers equal to the Supreme Court.
(b) The NHRC has direct powers to prosecute and punish public officials for human rights abuses.
(c) It was established in 1993 by an Act of Parliament to investigate and recommend on human rights violations.
(d) The Chairperson of the NHRC is the Prime Minister of India.

Answer & solution

Answer: (c) It was established in 1993 by an Act of Parliament to investigate and recommend on human rights violations.

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 28 August 2025 Shift 3 · NHRC and SHRC

Q73. When was the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) established to investigate cases of human rights violations in India?

(a) 12 October 1993
(b) 15 January 1995
(c) 10 December 1994
(d) 20 February 1996

Answer & solution

Answer: (a) 12 October 1993

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 22 August 2025 Shift 2 · Lokpal and Lokayukta

Q74. Which non-constitutional body investigates corruption complaints against public servants?

(a) Lokpal
(b) Union Public Service Commission
(c) Finance Commission
(d) Election Commission

Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Lokpal

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 22 August 2025 Shift 2 · Inter-State Council and Zonal Councils

Q75. The Inter-State Council is constituted under which Article?

(a) Article 280
(b) Article 263
(c) Article 368
(d) Article 346

Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Article 263

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 21 August 2025 Shift 1 · Other bodies (NSC, NDMA, etc.)

Q76. In which year was the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) initially constituted under the Chairmanship of the Prime Minister of India by an executive order?

(a) 2007
(b) 2008
(c) 2010
(d) 2005

Answer & solution

Answer: (d) 2005

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 21 August 2025 Shift 3 · National Commissions for SC, ST and BC

Q77. Which Amendment gave Constitutional recognition to the National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC)?

(a) 98ᵗʰ Amendment Act, 2013
(b) 100ᵗʰ Amendment Act, 2015
(c) 102ⁿᵈ Amendment Act, 2018
(d) 99ᵗʰ Amendment Act, 2014

Answer & solution

Answer: (c) 102ⁿᵈ Amendment Act, 2018

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 20 August 2025 Shift 3 · Constitutional, statutory and non-statutory bodies - classification

Q78. Which of the following is a non-statutory and non-constitutional body?

(a) Attorney General of India
(b) NITI Aayog
(c) Central Information Commission
(d) National Human Rights Commission

Answer & solution

Answer: (b) NITI Aayog

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 20 August 2025 Shift 3 · Constitutional, statutory and non-statutory bodies - classification

Q79. Which of the following is a distinct feature of a statutory corporation in India?

(a) It is created by a special Act, has independent legal status and can sue/be sued.
(b) It is fully owned by private shareholders and receives no government funding.
(c) It has no legal existence separate from the government.
(d) Its employees are considered government civil servants under the usual rules.

Answer & solution

Answer: (a) It is created by a special Act, has independent legal status and can sue/be sued.

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 19 August 2025 Shift 1 · Central Information Commission

Q80. Which authority is the appellate body under the RTI Act?

(a) Central Information Commission
(b) National Human Rights Commission
(c) Chief Vigilance Commission
(d) Lokpal

Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Central Information Commission

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 18 August 2025 Shift 1 · Finance Commission

Q81. Which body recommends the distribution of tax revenue between the Centre and States?

(a) Finance Commission
(b) NITI Aayog
(c) Supreme Court
(d) Comptroller and Auditor General

Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Finance Commission

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 18 August 2025 Shift 1 · National Commissions for SC, ST and BC

Q82. Which Article of the Constitution mandates the establishment of the National Commission for Scheduled Castes?

(a) Article 340
(b) Article 335
(c) Article 338
(d) Article 342

Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Article 338

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 18 August 2025 Shift 2 · UPSC and State PSCs

Q83. What is the tenure of a Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) member?

(a) 4 years or till they attain the age of 60 years
(b) No fixed tenure
(c) 6 years or till they attain the age of 65 years
(d) 5 years or till they attain the age of 65 years

Answer & solution

Answer: (c) 6 years or till they attain the age of 65 years

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 18 August 2025 Shift 3 · Other bodies (NSC, NDMA, etc.)

Q84. Which of the following government bodies is responsible for disaster response and management at the national level in India?

(a) NDMA
(b) IRDA
(c) NITI Aayog
(d) SDRF

Answer & solution

Answer: (a) NDMA

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 13 August 2025 Shift 1 · Comptroller and Auditor General

Q85. What is the term period of the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India?

(a) 6 years or 65 years
(b) 4 years or 60 years
(c) 6 years or 60 years
(d) 5 years or 62 years

Answer & solution

Answer: (a) 6 years or 65 years

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 13 August 2025 Shift 1 · CVC and CBI

Q86. Which act gave statutory status to the Central Vigilance Commission (CVC)?

(a) Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988
(b) The Central Vigilance Commission Act, 2003
(c) Lokpal Act, 2013
(d) The Central Vigilance Commission Act, 1964

Answer & solution

Answer: (b) The Central Vigilance Commission Act, 2003

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 8 August 2025 Shift 3 · UPSC and State PSCs

Q87. Which body is entrusted with recruiting India’s civil servants on the basis of merit?

(a) The Election Commission of India
(b) The President’s Secretariat
(c) State Governments through District Boards
(d) The Union Public Service Commission

Answer & solution

Answer: (d) The Union Public Service Commission

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 7 August 2025 Shift 2 · Election Commission of India

Q88. Who was the first Chief Election Commissioner of India?

(a) MC Setalvad
(b) V Narahari Rao
(c) Sukumar Sen
(d) HK Kripalani

Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Sukumar Sen

SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 30 July 2025 Shift 1 · National Commission for Women, Minorities and other commissions

Q89. In 2024, Smt. Vijaya Kishore Rahatkar was appointed as the 9th Chairperson of the National Commission for Women (NCW). Which of the following is correct regarding her role and responsibilities?

(a) Designing fiscal and tax policies for women's entrepreneurship
(b) Framing monetary policies for women's economic development
(c) Reviewing legal safeguards for women and recommending remedial measures
(d) Conducting national elections and preparing voter lists

Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Reviewing legal safeguards for women and recommending remedial measures

Correct Answer: Option 3 – Reviewing legal safeguards for women and recommending remedial measures
The National Commission for Women (NCW) was established under the National Commission for Women Act, 1990. Its mandate includes: reviewing constitutional and legal safeguards for women; recommending remedial legislative measures; redressing complaints related to women's rights; advising the government on policies affecting women; conducting studies/research on women's issues; and inspecting jails/remand homes where women are detained. Vijaya Kishore Rahatkar was appointed as the 9th NCW Chairperson in 2024.
Option 1 (Fiscal and tax policies): Tax and fiscal policy design is the domain of the Ministry of Finance and CBDT — not the NCW.
Option 2 (Monetary policies): Monetary policy is the exclusive domain of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) — not the NCW.
Option 4 (National elections/voter lists): Elections are conducted by the Election Commission of India (ECI) — entirely unrelated to the NCW's mandate.

SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 28 July 2025 Shift 2 · Inter-State Council and Zonal Councils

Q90. What is the primary function of the Inter-State Council?

(a) Resolve disputes between states
(b) Control inter-state trade
(c) Allocate central funds
(d) Elect the President

Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Resolve disputes between states

Correct Answer: Option 1 – Resolve disputes between states
The Inter-State Council, established under Article 263 of the Constitution (set up in 1990 by Presidential Order on the recommendation of the Sarkaria Commission), serves primarily to: inquire into and advise on disputes between states, investigate and discuss subjects of common interest between the Union and states, and make recommendations for better coordination of policy and action. It is chaired by the Prime Minister with Chief Ministers of all states and union territories as members.
Option 2 (Control inter-state trade): Inter-state trade is regulated by Parliament under Entry 42 of List I; the Inter-State Council does not control trade.
Option 3 (Allocate central funds): Finance Commission and Central government ministries allocate central funds; not the Inter-State Council.
Option 4 (Elect the President): The President is elected by an Electoral College (elected MPs and MLAs) under Article 54; the Inter-State Council has no role in presidential elections.

RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2024-25 – 24 June 2025 Shift 1 · Comptroller and Auditor General

Q91. Reports of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India related to the accounts of a state shall be submitted to whom among the following?

(a) Governor of the concerned state
(b) Chief Minister of the concerned state
(c) President of India
(d) Prime Minister of India

Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Governor of the concerned state

RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2024-25 – 24 June 2025 Shift 2 · Comptroller and Auditor General

Q92. Which of the following Articles of the Indian Constitution states about the appointment of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India?

(a) Article 147
(b) Article 145
(c) Article 148
(d) Article 146

Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Article 148

RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2024-25 – 23 June 2025 Shift 1 · UPSC and State PSCs

Q93. Which of the following Articles of the Indian Constitution states about the duty of Union Public Service Commission to present its report annually to the President of India?

(a) Article 322
(b) Article 321
(c) Article 324
(d) Article 323

Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Article 323

RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2024-25 – 21 June 2025 Shift 3 · Lokpal and Lokayukta

Q94. Which of the following correctly describes the composition of the selection committee for the Lokpal?

(a) Prime Minister, Home Minister, Chief Justice of India, Attorney General, and Leader of the Opposition
(b) Prime Minister, Lok Sabha Speaker, Leader of the Opposition, Chief Justice of India, and an eminent jurist nominated by the President
(c) President, Prime Minister, Chief Election Commissioner, Lok Sabha Speaker, and a Jurist
(d) Prime Minister, Chief Justice of India, Leader of the Opposition, Vice-President, and a Cabinet Minister

Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Prime Minister, Lok Sabha Speaker, Leader of the Opposition, Chief Justice of India, and an eminent jurist nominated by the President

RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2024-25 – 20 June 2025 Shift 1 · UPSC and State PSCs

Q95. Which of the following Articles of the Indian Constitution states about the formation of Union Public Service Commission of India?

(a) Article 316
(b) Article 318
(c) Article 315
(d) Article 317

Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Article 315

RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2024-25 – 20 June 2025 Shift 2 · Election Commission of India

Q96. Which of the following Articles of the Indian Constitution states about the establishment of Election Commission in India?

(a) Article 326
(b) Article 325
(c) Article 327
(d) Article 324

Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Article 324

RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2024-25 – 17 June 2025 Shift 1 · Lokpal and Lokayukta

Q97. When was the Lokpal and Lokayukta Act came into force in India?

(a) 16 January 2011
(b) 16 January 2014
(c) 16 January 2013
(d) 17 December 2013

Answer & solution

Answer: (b) 16 January 2014

RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2024-25 – 17 June 2025 Shift 1 · NHRC and SHRC

Q98. Where is the headquarter of the National Human Rights Commission in India?

(a) Kolkata
(b) Mumbai
(c) Chennai
(d) New Delhi

Answer & solution

Answer: (d) New Delhi

RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2024-25 – 12 June 2025 Shift 3 · NHRC and SHRC

Q99. Who among the following appoints the Chairman of the National Human Rights Commission of India?

(a) The Chief Justice of India
(b) The Prime Minister
(c) The Speaker of the Lok Sabha
(d) The President of India

Answer & solution

Answer: (d) The President of India

RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2024-25 – 10 June 2025 Shift 1 · National Commissions for SC, ST and BC

Q100. What provision was introduced by the Sixty-fifth Amendment Act of 1990 for the welfare of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes?

(a) A single special officer
(b) A multi-member National Commission
(c) A ministry for tribal affairs
(d) A new reservation policy

Answer & solution

Answer: (b) A multi-member National Commission

1 2

More Polity chapters

Polity Miscellaneous176 questions Judiciary147 questions Emergency and Centre-State Relations140 questions Union Executive136 questions DPSP and Fundamental Duties122 questions Special Provisions, Official Language and Miscellaneous Provisions116 questions Fundamental Rights108 questions Local Government93 questions State Government87 questions Parliament86 questions Amendments and Important Articles85 questions Union, Territory and Citizenship84 questions Preamble, Features, Parts and Schedules63 questions Constitutional Development and Making54 questions Elections, Parties and Representation27 questions

📥 PDF of this paper (all subjects, English & Hindi): All previous year papers PDF · ▶ Attempt previous year papers as free online tests · 🏆 Free live mock tests · 📰 Daily current affairs quiz

Q1. Regarding Fiscal Federalism in India, which of the following statements correctly explains the constitutional framework and practical challenges related to financial relations between the Union and the States?

Q2. Which of the following reflects the correct legal and administrative authority of the Election Commission regarding the preparation of electoral rolls and the inclusion or exclusion of names?

Q3. In April 2026, which organization was at the forefront of coordinating India's disaster response and preparedness initiatives for cyclones along the eastern coast, as per official updates from the Ministry of Home Affairs?

Q4. As per Indian Constitution the Election Commission of India is a _____________.

Q5. State Public Service Commissions’ members are appointed by the governor and removed by whom?

Q6. In which year the 89ᵗʰ Constitutional Amendment was passed related to the National Commission for Scheduled Castes?

Q7. The term of office of the Chief Election Commissioner is:

Q8. The term of the Chairman of the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) of India is _____.

Q9. Who is the Chairman of Zonal Councils in India?

Q10. As of May 2025, who is India's Chief Information Commissioner (CIC)?

Q11. Which Constitutional Article provides for establishment of Finance Commission of India every five years Constitutionally?

Q12. According to the Constitution of India, which constitutional body advises the President on the principles governing grants-in-aid to States from the Consolidated Fund of India?

Q13. Which constitutional body audits the accounts of the Union and states?

Q14. The Goods and Services Tax Council is chaired by:

Q15. Which body recommends the distribution of tax revenues between the Union and States?

Q16. Which body recommends the distribution of taxes between the Centre and States?

Q17. Who appoints the Chairman and members of the Finance Commission?

Q18. According to the Finance Commission (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act, 1951, the Finance Commission shall consist of:

Q19. Consider the following statements regarding the Finance Commission.1. It is a quasi-judicial body.2. It is related to Article 280.3. It is constituted by the President.4. It is constituted after each 6 years.Which of the above statements is/are correct.

Q20. What is the main role of the Finance Commission in Centre-State relations in India?

Q21. In the decision-making process of the GST Council, how is the voting power distributed between the Central Government and the State Governments?

Q22. The National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST) was created by which Constitutional Amendment?

Q23. The appointing authority for the Chairman and members of a State Public Service Commission under Article 316 of the Constitution of India is:

Q24. Before each general election to the House of the People or to a State Legislative Assembly, the President may appoint Regional Commissioners after:

Q25. Who among the following appoints the members of the State Public Service Commission (SPSC) under Article 316 of the Constitution of India?

Q26. In India, which of the following is NOT considered as a constitutional body?

Q27. Which Article of the Constitution of India provides for the establishment of the National Commission for Scheduled Castes (NCSC) to safeguard the rights of the Scheduled Castes?

Q28. In 1964, who chaired the Committee on Prevention of Corruption and suggested the Central Vigilance Commission be established?

Q29. In which year was the National Statistical Commission constituted?

Q30. Who was the first Chief Election Commissioner of India?

Q31. The Ministry of Minority Affairs implements schemes for the socio-economic empowerment of how many centrally notified minority communities?

Q32. Who appoints the Chief Election Commissioner of India, the head of the constitutional body responsible for supervising nationwide elections?

Q33. What is the main function of the Lokpal?

Q34. NITI Aayog replaced which older organization in 2015?

Q35. Under which Article is the Inter-State Council established to promote coordination between the Union and States and resolve inter-governmental disputes?

Q36. Which of the following is the Article of the Indian Constitution that provides for the establishment of a Finance Commission?

Q37. The body that recommends distribution of net tax proceeds between the Union and the States is:

Q38. Which of the following is NOT a constitutional duty for the Finance Commission?

Q39. What is the term of office for the Comptroller and Auditor General of India?

Q40. Which among the following is NOT a constitutional body established directly under constitutional provisions?

Q41. In 2024, Arvind Panagariya was the 16th Chairman of the Finance Commission of India. Which of the following is correct regarding the responsibilities of the Finance Commission?

Q42. Who was sworn in as the Judicial Member of the Lokpal of India, with the oath administered by Justice A. M. Khanwilkar ?

Q43. ________ is a 1987-batch IAS officer (retired) of the Madhya Pradesh cadre who served as the Secretary, Department of Land Resources, Government of India.

Q44. Who was the Chief Election Commissioner of India during the 2024 Lok Sabha elections?

Q45. Which Article assigns the responsibility of calling for elections a state to the Election Commission?

Q46. Kishor Makwana’s appointment as Chairman of NCSC is significant in which evaluative context?

Q47. Which of the following accurately describes the statutory responsibilities of the Lokpal under the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013 ?

Q48. Which article of the Indian Constitution mentions that There shall be a Comptroller and Auditor-General of India?

Q49. Consider the following statements:1. Article246Agrants exclusive power to Parliament to make laws on GST.2. States have no legislative power over intra-state GST.3. GST Council is a constitutional body under Article 279A.Which of the above statements is/arecorrect?

Q50. The Finance Commission is established under which Article of the Indian Constitution?

Q51. Consider the following statements:1. Inter-State Council was established in 1990 on the recommendation of Sarkaria Commission.2. It is a constitutional body under Article 263.3. It has powers to enforce compliance among States.Which of the above is/are correct?

Q52. Which of the following statements about the Inter-State Council (ISC) is/are correct?A) The Inter-State Council is headed by the Prime Minister of India.B) It functions as a recommendatory body rather than a tribunal for dispute resolution.

Q53. Consider the following statements:1. Article 263 empowers Parliament to establish Inter-State Council.2. The Council can investigate inter-state disputes.3. Its composition includes PM and Union Ministers.Which of the above is/are correct?

Q54. Which of the following statements about the Finance Commission of India iscorrect?

Q55. What is the role of Article 263 in maintaining Union–State coordination?

Q56. Fill in the blanks:The Chairperson of the GST Council is the _____ of India.

Q57. Which of the following statements correctly applies the weighted voting mechanism under Article 279A(9) of the Indian Constitution?

Q58. Consider the following statements:1. The GST Council makes binding recommendations on GST rates.2. Article 246A allows States to legislate on intra-state supply of goods and services.Which of the above is/are correct?

Q59. Fill in the blanks:The Union Home Minister chairs a Zonal Council meeting as ____ chairman.

Q60. Fill in the blanks:Zonal Councils were created by the _____ Act, 1956.

Q61. Which Article enables the President to establish an Inter-State Council?

Q62. As per Article 279A of the Indian Constitution, the GST Council's decisions require what kind of majority of the weighted votes of the members present and voting?

Q63. Consider the following statements:1. Inter-State Council is a constitutional body under Article 263.2. Its recommendations are binding on the Union and States.Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Q64. Arrange the following events in chronological order:a. Eastern Zonal Council meeting 2022b. States Reorganisation Act passedc. First Central Zonal Council meeting

Q65. Under which Article of the Constitution is the Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG) appointed?

Q66. As on 1 May 2025, who among the following is NOT a full time member of the 16ᵗʰ Finance Commission?

Q67. Who among the following is eligible to be appointed as the Chairperson of the Lokpal, as per the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013?

Q68. Which of these is a distinct feature of a statutory corporation in India?

Q69. What does the Constitution of India stipulate regarding the composition of the Election Commission of India (ECI)?

Q70. Which body is responsible for recruitment to All India Services like IAS and IPS?

Q71. The First Backward Classes Commission was appointed in which year?

Q72. Select the correct statement regarding the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) of India.

Q73. When was the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) established to investigate cases of human rights violations in India?

Q74. Which non-constitutional body investigates corruption complaints against public servants?

Q75. The Inter-State Council is constituted under which Article?

Q76. In which year was the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) initially constituted under the Chairmanship of the Prime Minister of India by an executive order?

Q77. Which Amendment gave Constitutional recognition to the National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC)?

Q78. Which of the following is a non-statutory and non-constitutional body?

Q79. Which of the following is a distinct feature of a statutory corporation in India?

Q80. Which authority is the appellate body under the RTI Act?

Q19. Consider the following statements regarding the Finance Commission.
1. It is a quasi-judicial body.
2. It is related to Article 280.
3. It is constituted by the President.
4. It is constituted after each 6 years.
Which of the above statements is/are correct.

Q49. Consider the following statements:
1. Article246Agrants exclusive power to Parliament to make laws on GST.
2. States have no legislative power over intra-state GST.
3. GST Council is a constitutional body under Article 279A.
Which of the above statements is/arecorrect?

Q51. Consider the following statements:
1. Inter-State Council was established in 1990 on the recommendation of Sarkaria Commission.
2. It is a constitutional body under Article 263.
3. It has powers to enforce compliance among States.
Which of the above is/are correct?

Q52. Which of the following statements about the Inter-State Council (ISC) is/are correct?
A) The Inter-State Council is headed by the Prime Minister of India.
B) It functions as a recommendatory body rather than a tribunal for dispute resolution.

Q53. Consider the following statements:
1. Article 263 empowers Parliament to establish Inter-State Council.
2. The Council can investigate inter-state disputes.
3. Its composition includes PM and Union Ministers.
Which of the above is/are correct?

Q56. Fill in the blanks:
The Chairperson of the GST Council is the _____ of India.

Q58. Consider the following statements:
1. The GST Council makes binding recommendations on GST rates.
2. Article 246A allows States to legislate on intra-state supply of goods and services.
Which of the above is/are correct?

Q59. Fill in the blanks:
The Union Home Minister chairs a Zonal Council meeting as ____ chairman.

Q60. Fill in the blanks:
Zonal Councils were created by the _____ Act, 1956.

Q63. Consider the following statements:
1. Inter-State Council is a constitutional body under Article 263.
2. Its recommendations are binding on the Union and States.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Q64. Arrange the following events in chronological order:
a. Eastern Zonal Council meeting 2022
b. States Reorganisation Act passed
c. First Central Zonal Council meeting