Home › GK Questions Asked › Modern History › Gandhian Era

Gandhian Era PYQs – Modern History, SSC & Railway

71 Gandhian Era (Modern History) questions asked in recent SSC and Railway exams, newest first, with exam, date & shift, answers and solutions.

📚 71 questionsSSC 27 · Railway 44
RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2025-26 – 20 June 2026 Shift 3 · Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh

Q1. The Rowlatt Satyagraha of 1919 was launched by Gandhi to protest against:

  1. (a) Ban on vernacular press and public meetings
  2. (b) Partition of Bengal and separate electorates
  3. (c) New salt tax and increase in land revenue
  4. (d) Laws allowing detention and punishment without trial
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Laws allowing detention and punishment without trial

Topic: Rowlatt Satyagraha (1919)
Rowlatt Act (1919)- Known as 'Black Act'
Allowed British govt to arrest and detain any person without trial
Permitted imprisonment without judicial process for up to 2 years
Gandhi launched nationwide Satyagraha on 6 April 1919
Led to Jallianwala Bagh massacre (13 April 1919)
Answer: Option 4 → Laws allowing detention and punishment without trial
RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2025-26 – 17 June 2026 Shift 1 · Quit India Movement

Q2. What were the volunteer groups of the Prati Sarkar called?

  1. (a) Seva dals and tufan dals
  2. (b) Swaraj dals and azad dals
  3. (c) Lok dals and rajya dals
  4. (d) Gram dals and satyagrah dals
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Seva dals and tufan dals

Topic: Prati Sarkar (Parallel Government)
Prati Sarkar was established in Satara, Maharashtra during Quit India Movement (1943-1946).
It organized volunteer groups calledSeva DalsandTufan Dals.
Seva Dals:Focused on social service and welfare activities.
Tufan Dals:Engaged in militant activities against British rule.
Answer: Option 1 → Seva dals and tufan dals
RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2025-26 – 16 June 2026 Shift 2 · Round Table Conferences and Gandhi-Irwin Pact

Q3. Which of the following groups at the Second Round Table Conference claimed that Congress had no authority in their territories?

  1. (a) Zamindars
  2. (b) Indian princes
  3. (c) Provincial governors
  4. (d) British officials
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Indian princes

Second Round Table Conference (1931)
Context: Gandhi attended representing Congress
Indian Princes' Stand:
Princely states were semi-autonomous under British paramountcy
Princes claimed Congress had no authority over their territories
They represented ~40% of Indian subcontinent area
Argued their states were separate from British India
This was a major obstacle in constitutional negotiations
Answer: Option 2 → Indian princes
RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2025-26 – 16 June 2026 Shift 3 · Khilafat and Non-Cooperation Movement

Q4. Which measure formed a central part of Gandhi’s non-cooperation strategy adopted at the Calcutta Session of 1920?

  1. (a) Acceptance of legislative seats to negotiate reforms within councils.
  2. (b) Boycott of schools, courts, and councils alongside the adoption of khadi.
  3. (c) Participation in trade negotiations to influence imperial economic policies.
  4. (d) Establishment of armed village guards to resist colonial recruitment.
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Boycott of schools, courts, and councils alongside the adoption of khadi.

Topic: Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-22)
Calcutta Session (September 1920):
Congress adopted Gandhi's Non-Cooperation programme.
Key Measures:
Boycott of government schools, courts, and legislative councils.
Promotion of khadi and swadeshi goods.
Surrender of titles and honors.
Rejection of foreign cloth and institutions.
Objective:Peaceful resistance through non-participation in British institutions.
Answer: Option 2 → Boycott of schools, courts, and councils alongside the adoption of khadi.
RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2025-26 – 15 June 2026 Shift 1 · Round Table Conferences and Gandhi-Irwin Pact

Q5. Which pact between Gandhi and the British government marked the suspension of the Civil Disobedience Movement in 1931?

  1. (a) Gandhi-Irwin Pact
  2. (b) Lucknow Pact
  3. (c) Poona Pact
  4. (d) Lahore Pact
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Gandhi-Irwin Pact

Topic:Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931)
Signed between Mahatma Gandhi and Lord Irwin (Viceroy).
Key Points:
• Suspension of Civil Disobedience Movement
• Release of political prisoners
• Gandhi agreed to attend Second Round Table Conference
Other Pacts:
• Lucknow Pact (1916) - Congress-Muslim League unity
• Poona Pact (1932) - Reserved seats for depressed classes
Answer: Option 1 → Gandhi-Irwin Pact
RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2025-26 – 9 May 2026 Shift 1 · Khilafat and Non-Cooperation Movement

Q6. What event caused Mahatma Gandhi to withdraw the non-cooperation movement in February 1922?

  1. (a) A nationwide strike by textile workers in Bombay and Ahmedabad.
  2. (b) The violent attack on policemen during the Chauri Chaura incident.
  3. (c) A decision by the British to suspend restrictions on civil liberties.
  4. (d) The approval of a new round of constitutional negotiations by London.
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) The violent attack on policemen during the Chauri Chaura incident.

Topic: Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922)
Chauri Chaura Incident - February 4, 1922
Location: Chauri Chaura, Gorakhpur (Uttar Pradesh)
A mob of protesters attacked a police station, killing 22 policemen by setting the station on fire.
Gandhi's Response:
Shocked by the violence, Gandhi immediately withdrew the Non-Cooperation Movement on February 12, 1922.
He believed the movement had turned violent, contradicting his principle of non-violence (Ahimsa).
Answer: Option 2 → The violent attack on policemen during the Chauri Chaura incident.
SSC GD 2026 – 8 May 2026 Shift 1 · Civil Disobedience Movement and Dandi March

Q7. The Salt Law under the British administration was criticized because it:

  1. (a) Monopolized salt production and imposed heavy taxes
  2. (b) Encouraged private salt industries
  3. (c) Allowed Indians free access to salt pans
  4. (d) Abolished traditional salt-making methods
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Monopolized salt production and imposed heavy taxes

Correct Answer: Monopolized salt production and imposed heavy taxes — Option (a)
The British Salt Law (formally the Salt Act of 1882) was criticized because it gave the British government a complete monopoly over salt production and imposed heavy taxes on it. Indians were prohibited from producing or collecting salt independently, even from the sea or natural salt deposits. All salt had to be purchased from government-authorized sources at highly inflated prices. This was particularly oppressive because salt was a dietary necessity for every Indian. Mahatma Gandhi chose salt as the symbol of his civil disobedience campaign — the famous Dandi March (Salt Satyagraha) of 1930 — to protest these unjust laws.
Option (b) Encouraged private salt industries — Incorrect: The Salt Law did the opposite — it suppressed private/local salt production and established a government monopoly.
Option (c) Allowed Indians free access to salt pans — Incorrect: Indians were DENIED access to salt pans; they could not collect salt freely from natural sources.
Option (d) Abolished traditional salt-making methods — Incorrect: While the law effectively suppressed traditional methods, its primary criticism was that it monopolized production and imposed heavy taxes, making salt unaffordable for common Indians.
SSC GD 2026 – 8 May 2026 Shift 3 · Simon Commission and Nehru Report

Q8. Why was the Simon Commission (1927) boycotted?

  1. (a) Because it did not include any Indian members
  2. (b) Because it recommended provincial autonomy
  3. (c) Because it proposed independent dominion status
  4. (d) Because it abolished separate electorates
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Because it did not include any Indian members

Correct Answer: Because it did not include any Indian members — Option (a)
The Simon Commission (officially the Indian Statutory Commission), appointed in 1927 under Sir John Simon, was boycotted by Indians because all seven of its members were British — NOT A SINGLE INDIAN was included. Indians felt deeply insulted that a commission to review India's constitutional progress and recommend future reforms did not include any Indian member. The Indian National Congress, under the leadership of Lala Lajpat Rai, Jawaharlal Nehru, and others, organized massive protests wherever the Commission went. The famous slogan 'Simon Go Back' was raised. Lala Lajpat Rai was fatally injured in a lathi charge during a protest.
Option (b) Because it recommended provincial autonomy — Incorrect: The boycott was based on the composition of the Commission (all-British, no Indians), not its recommendations.
Option (c) Because it proposed independent dominion status — Incorrect: The Commission did not propose full independence; the boycott reason was the exclusion of Indian members.
Option (d) Because it abolished separate electorates — Incorrect: The Simon Commission did not abolish separate electorates; the boycott was specifically due to the absence of Indian representation.
RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2025-26 – 7 May 2026 Shift 2 · Simon Commission and Nehru Report

Q9. Which contribution is correctly associated with Lala Lajpat Rai during the freedom struggle?

  1. (a) Commanding the Congress Volunteers during the Salt March in Gujarat
  2. (b) Drafting the Nehru Report outlining complete independence for India
  3. (c) Leading the anti-Simon Commission protests, where he suffered fatal injuries
  4. (d) Leading the Bardoli satyagraha against enhanced revenue-demand policies
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Leading the anti-Simon Commission protests, where he suffered fatal injuries

Lala Lajpat Rai - Freedom Fighter
Known as'Punjab Kesari'(Lion of Punjab).
On30 October 1928, led protest against Simon Commission in Lahore.
British police superintendent James Scott orderedlathi charge.
Lajpat Rai suffered severe injuries and died on17 November 1928.
His death sparked revolutionary movement; Bhagat Singh avenged by killing Saunders.
Answer: Option 3 → Leading the anti-Simon Commission protests, where he suffered fatal injuries
RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2025-26 – 7 May 2026 Shift 3 · Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh

Q10. Which circumstance directly triggered Gandhi’s decision to launch the Rowlatt Satyagraha in 1919?

  1. (a) The rejection of Indian demands for complete dominion status by Britain.
  2. (b) The enactment of laws enabling detention without trial despite resistance.
  3. (c) The cancellation of wartime recruitment policies in northern India.
  4. (d) The British announcement of new taxation on agricultural harvests.
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) The enactment of laws enabling detention without trial despite resistance.

Rowlatt Satyagraha (1919)
Context:Post-WWI, British passed Rowlatt Act (March 1919)
Key Provisions:
• Detention without trial
• Arrest without warrant
• Trials without jury
• Suppression of civil liberties
Gandhi's Response:Launched nationwide Satyagraha on April 6, 1919
Despite Indian opposition, British enacted these repressive laws
Answer: Option 2 → The enactment of laws enabling detention without trial despite resistance.
SSC GD 2026 – 29 April 2026 Shift 1 · Government of India Act 1935 and provincial elections

Q11. Which political party performed well in 'general' constituencies during the 1946 provincial elections?

  1. (a) Indian National Congress
  2. (b) Justice Party
  3. (c) Communist Party of India
  4. (d) Swaraj Party
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Indian National Congress

Correct Answer: Indian National Congress — Option (a)
During the 1946 provincial elections (Winter 1945-46), the Indian National Congress performed exceptionally well in the 'general' (non-Muslim/non-reserved) constituencies. Key facts about the 1946 elections: These elections were held for the provincial legislatures and also for selecting representatives to the Constituent Assembly of India; Results in general constituencies: The Indian National Congress won an overwhelming majority — 208 out of 214 general seats in the Constituent Assembly elections; The Congress also won majorities in 8 out of 11 provincial legislatures, forming governments in most provinces; The Muslim League, on the other hand, dominated Muslim reserved constituencies, winning almost all Muslim seats; The 1946 election results demonstrated Congress's broad-based popular support among the general population; These elections set the stage for the formation of the Interim Government (September 1946) and the Constituent Assembly, which drafted the Indian Constitution.
Option (b) Justice Party — Incorrect: The Justice Party (also called the South Indian Liberal Federation) was a political party representing non-Brahmin communities, primarily in Madras Presidency; it did not perform well in general constituencies in the 1946 elections, which were dominated by the Indian National Congress.
Option (c) Communist Party of India — Incorrect: While the Communist Party of India participated in the 1946 elections, it did not perform well in general constituencies compared to the Congress; the Indian National Congress swept the general seats.
Option (d) Swaraj Party — Incorrect: The Swaraj Party was a political party formed by C.R. Das and Motilal Nehru in 1922-23 within the Congress to contest legislative council elections; by 1946, the Swaraj Party had effectively merged back into Congress and was not a separate entity contesting the 1946 elections.
RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2025-26 – 27 March 2026 Shift 1 · Swaraj Party

Q12. Which of the following nationalists co-founded and became the president of the Congress-Khilafat Swarajya Party, after a fall off with the Indian National Congress?

  1. (a) Ajmal Khan
  2. (b) Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari
  3. (c) Chittaranjan Das
  4. (d) Motilal Nehru
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Chittaranjan Das

Topic: Congress-Khilafat Swarajya Party (1923)
Chittaranjan Dasand Motilal Nehru co-founded the Swaraj Party in 1923 after disagreement with Congress over council entry.
C.R. Das became thePresidentof the party, while Motilal Nehru was the Secretary.
The party was formed after the Gaya Congress session (1922) when their proposal for council entry was rejected.
Answer: Option 3 → Chittaranjan Das
RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2025-26 – 27 March 2026 Shift 2 · Champaran, Kheda and Ahmedabad

Q13. Which of the following pairs is INCORRECTLY matched?

  1. (a) 1917 – Champaran Satyagraha
  2. (b) 1929 – Gandhi–Irwin Pact
  3. (c) 1918 – Kheda Satyagraha
  4. (d) 1928 – Bardoli Satyagraha
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) 1929 – Gandhi–Irwin Pact

Topic:Indian National Movement - Key Events
Verify each pair:
Option 1: 1917 – Champaran Satyagraha ✓ (Correct)
Gandhi's first Satyagraha in India against indigo planters
Option 2: 1929 – Gandhi–Irwin Pact ✗ (Incorrect)
Gandhi–Irwin Pact was signed in 1931, not 1929
Signed on March 5, 1931 after Civil Disobedience Movement
Option 3: 1918 – Kheda Satyagraha ✓ (Correct)
Against excessive land revenue during famine in Gujarat
RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2025-26 – 25 March 2026 Shift 1 · Civil Disobedience Movement and Dandi March

Q14. In which year did Mahatma Gandhi break the Salt Act at Dandi?

  1. (a) 1929
  2. (b) 1930
  3. (c) 1928
  4. (d) 1931
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) 1930

Dandi March (Salt Satyagraha)
Started: March 12, 1930 from Sabarmati Ashram
Gandhi reached Dandi on April 6, 1930
Broke Salt Law by making salt from seawater
This act defied British monopoly on salt production
Answer: Option 2 → 1930
RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2025-26 – 24 March 2026 Shift 2 · Civil Disobedience Movement and Dandi March

Q15. Which leader was a close associate of Mahatma Gandhi and carried out a salt protest in the Madras Presidency during the Civil Disobedience Movement?

  1. (a) Sarojini Naidu
  2. (b) K. Kamaraj
  3. (c) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
  4. (d) C. Rajagopalachari
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) C. Rajagopalachari

Topic: Civil Disobedience Movement (1930-34)
C. Rajagopalachari (Rajaji)was a close associate of Mahatma Gandhi and prominent Congress leader.
He led the famousVedaranyam Salt Marchin April 1930 in Madras Presidency, parallel to Gandhi's Dandi March.
The march started from Trichinopoly and covered 150 miles to Vedaranyam on the coast to break the salt law.
Rajaji later became the first Indian Governor-General of India (1948-50).
Answer: Option 4 → C. Rajagopalachari
RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2025-26 – 18 March 2026 Shift 2 · Khilafat and Non-Cooperation Movement

Q16. Which of the following incidents prompted Mahatma Gandhi to withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement?

  1. (a) Alipore bomb case
  2. (b) Suspension of the Rowlatt Act
  3. (c) Chauri- Chaura incident
  4. (d) Withdrawal of the Khilafat Movement
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Chauri- Chaura incident

Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922)
Launched by Gandhi against British rule.
Chauri- Chaura Incident (February 1922)
Location: Chauri- Chaura , Gorakhpur (UP)
Violent mob set fire to police station.
22 policemen killed in the incident.
Gandhi immediately withdrew the movement as it
turned violent, against his principle of non-violence.
Answer: Option 3 → Chauri- Chaura incident
RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2025-26 – 18 March 2026 Shift 2 · Round Table Conferences and Gandhi-Irwin Pact

Q17. Which major mass movement did the Indian National Congress agree to withdraw, under the Gandhi–Irwin Pact of March 1931?

  1. (a) Swadeshi Movement
  2. (b) Civil Disobedience Movement
  3. (c) Non Cooperation Movement
  4. (d) Quit India Movement
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Civil Disobedience Movement

Gandhi-Irwin Pact (March 5, 1931)
Key Points:
• Signed between Mahatma Gandhi and Lord Irwin (Viceroy)
• Congress agreed to withdrawCivil Disobedience Movement
• In return, British agreed to release political prisoners
• Gandhi agreed to attend Second Round Table Conference
Timeline Context:
Civil Disobedience Movement started in 1930 with Dandi March
Answer: Option 2 → Civil Disobedience Movement
RRB JE CBT-1 2025-26 – 20 February 2026 · Champaran, Kheda and Ahmedabad

Q18. Which individuals actively supported Mahatma Gandhi during the Kheda Satyagraha movement?

  1. (a) Ambalal Sarabhai and Anasuya Ben
  2. (b) Vallabhbhai Patel and Rajendra Prasad
  3. (c) Vallabhbhai Patel and Indulal Yajnik
  4. (d) Raj Kumar Shukla and Rajendra Prasad
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Vallabhbhai Patel and Indulal Yajnik

The Kheda Satyagraha was a pivotal movement led by Mahatma Gandhi in 1918.
Vallabhbhai Patel played a key role as Gandhi's trusted lieutenant during this campaign.
Indulal Yajnik also supported the movement, helping organise peasants and farmers.
Together, they mobilised support and coordinated the peasants' non-payment of taxes.
Hence, the correct choice is Vallabhbhai Patel and Indulal Yajnik, who actively supported Gandhi in the Kheda Satyagraha.
Final answer: Option 3
RRB JE CBT-1 2025-26 – 19 February 2026 · Champaran, Kheda and Ahmedabad

Q19. What key difference set the Kheda Satyagraha apart from the Ahmedabad Mill Strike during the phase of heightened nationalist activity?

  1. (a) Reliance on petitions and appeals to colonial authorities
  2. (b) Common leadership under the same nationalist figures
  3. (c) Emphasis on constitutional and legislative demands
  4. (d) Mobilisation of rural peasants versus organisation of urban workers
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Mobilisation of rural peasants versus organisation of urban workers

The Kheda Satyagraha was mainly a peasants' movement in rural areas.
It focused on farmers in the Kheda district protesting against tax increases during famine and plague.
In contrast, the Ahmedabad Mill Strike involved urban workers in the textile mills fighting for better wages and working conditions.
Thus, the key difference lies in the mobilisation base: rural peasants versus urban industrial workers.
Final answer: Option 4
RRB JE CBT-1 2025-26 – 19 February 2026 · Communal Award and Poona Pact

Q20. Which of the following is NOT true regarding the Poona Pact of 1932?

  1. (a) It dropped the idea of separate electorates for depressed classes.
  2. (b) It was accepted by the government.
  3. (c) Seats reserved for depressed classes increased in the legislatures.
  4. (d) Ambedkar refused to sign the pact.
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Ambedkar refused to sign the pact.

Correct option is 4.
Poona Pact of 1932 was an agreement between Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.
It dropped the idea of separate electorates for depressed classes.
Seats reserved for depressed classes actually increased.
The British government accepted the pact.
Ambedkar did not refuse to sign the pact; rather, he was a signatory.
Therefore, statement 4 is NOT true regarding the Poona Pact.
Final answer: Option 4
SSC MTS 2025 – 17 February 2026 Shift 1 · Khilafat and Non-Cooperation Movement

Q21. The Non-Cooperation-Khilafat Movement began in _____.

  1. (a) April 1919
  2. (b) January 1921
  3. (c) February 1922
  4. (d) December 1922
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) January 1921

The Non-Cooperation-Khilafat Movement formally began in January 1921. Although the INC had officially endorsed non-cooperation at its Nagpur session (December 1920), the active program started in January 1921. April 1919 refers to the Rowlatt Satyagraha; February 1922 marks the Chauri Chaura incident that led to its suspension; December 1922 is incorrect.
SSC MTS 2025 – 17 February 2026 Shift 3 · Simon Commission and Nehru Report

Q22. In which of the following year Simon Commission arrived in India?

  1. (a) 1909
  2. (b) 1919
  3. (c) 1928
  4. (d) 1932
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) 1928

The Simon Commission arrived in India in 1928 (February 3, 1928). It was appointed by the British government to review the working of the Indian constitution, but it was boycotted by Indians as no Indian member was included. 1909 refers to the Morley-Minto Reforms; 1919 refers to the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms; 1932 is incorrect.
SSC MTS 2025 – 11 February 2026 Shift 2 · Civil Disobedience Movement and Dandi March

Q23. Mahatma Gandhi started the famous Salt March accompanied by how many of his trusted volunteers?

  1. (a) 52
  2. (b) 62
  3. (c) 78
  4. (d) 112
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) 78

The correct answer is 78 (Option 3). Mahatma Gandhi started the famous Dandi March (Salt March) on March 12, 1930, accompanied by 78 trusted volunteers from the Sabarmati Ashram, Ahmedabad. The march covered approximately 388 km and ended at Dandi on April 5, 1930, where Gandhi symbolically broke the salt law. Options 1 (52), 2 (62), and 4 (112) are incorrect counts.
SSC MTS 2025 – 10 February 2026 Shift 1 · Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh

Q24. Which of the following acts gave the government enormous powers and allowed detention of political prisoners without trial for two years?

  1. (a) Indian Councils Act 1861
  2. (b) Indian Councils Act 1891
  3. (c) Morley-Minto act
  4. (d) Rowlatt Act
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Rowlatt Act

Correct Answer: 4 – Rowlatt Act.
The Rowlatt Act (officially the Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act), passed in March 1919 by the British colonial government, gave the government sweeping powers to arrest and detain political prisoners without trial for up to two years. It was widely condemned by Indian leaders including Mahatma Gandhi, who launched a nationwide satyagraha against it. The Jallianwala Bagh massacre occurred in the context of protests against this act.
Indian Councils Act 1861 (Option 1) reorganised the Governor-General's Executive Council.
Indian Councils Act 1892 (Option 2) introduced limited reforms to legislative councils.
Morley-Minto Act 1909 (Option 3) introduced separate electorates for Muslims.
SSC MTS 2025 – 10 February 2026 Shift 2 · Champaran, Kheda and Ahmedabad

Q25. Mahatma Gandhi organized a Satyagraha to support the peasants of Kheda. Kheda district is located in which of the following states?

  1. (a) West Bengal
  2. (b) Maharashtra
  3. (c) Gujarat
  4. (d) Uttar Pradesh
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Gujarat

Correct Answer: 3 – Gujarat.
Kheda (Kaira) district is located in Gujarat. The Kheda Satyagraha (1918) was one of Mahatma Gandhi's early satyagrahas in India, where he supported the peasants of Kheda district who were demanding suspension of revenue collection due to crop failure and famine conditions. It was an important step in the Indian independence movement.
West Bengal (Option 1), Maharashtra (Option 2), and Uttar Pradesh (Option 4) do not have Kheda district.
SSC MTS 2025 – 9 February 2026 Shift 2 · Round Table Conferences and Gandhi-Irwin Pact

Q26. In which of the following year Gandhiji went to London for the Second Round Table conference?

  1. (a) 1930
  2. (b) 1931
  3. (c) 1932
  4. (d) 1933
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) 1931

Correct Answer: 2 – 1931.
Mahatma Gandhi attended the Second Round Table Conference in London in 1931. He went as the sole representative of the Indian National Congress after the Gandhi-Irwin Pact (March 1931). The conference was held from September to December 1931 but failed to resolve the communal question.
The First Round Table Conference was held in 1930 (Gandhi did not attend).
The Third Round Table Conference was held in 1932 (Gandhi did not attend).
1933 is incorrect as there was no Round Table Conference that year.
SSC MTS 2025 – 6 February 2026 Shift 1 · Civil Disobedience Movement and Dandi March

Q27. Which of the following movement was re-launched in 1932?

  1. (a) Bardoli Movement
  2. (b) Non-Cooperation Movement
  3. (c) Khilafat movement
  4. (d) Civil Disobedience Movement
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Civil Disobedience Movement

Correct Answer: 4 (Civil Disobedience Movement)
The Civil Disobedience Movement was first launched by Mahatma Gandhi in March 1930 with the famous Dandi March (Salt March). After the Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931) led to its suspension, it was re-launched in January 1932 following Gandhi's arrest.
Option 1 (Bardoli Movement) is incorrect - the Bardoli Satyagraha was led by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel in 1928 and was not re-launched in 1932.
Option 2 (Non-Cooperation Movement) is incorrect - the Non-Cooperation Movement was launched in 1920 and was called off in 1922 after the Chauri Chaura incident; it was not re-launched in 1932.
Option 3 (Khilafat Movement) is incorrect - the Khilafat Movement ended in the early 1920s and was not re-launched in 1932.
SSC MTS 2025 – 6 February 2026 Shift 3 · Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh

Q28. Which of the following incidents took place on 13 April 1919?

  1. (a) Ahmedabad Mill Workers Movement
  2. (b) Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
  3. (c) Chauri-Chaura incident
  4. (d) Champaran Satyagraha Movement
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Jallianwala Bagh Massacre

Correct Answer: 2 (Jallianwala Bagh Massacre)
The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre occurred on 13 April 1919 (Baisakhi Day) in Amritsar, Punjab. Brigadier General Reginald Dyer ordered troops to open fire on a peaceful gathering of thousands of men, women, and children in the enclosed Jallianwala Bagh garden. Hundreds were killed and many more wounded. This event shocked the nation and intensified the freedom movement.
Option 1 (Ahmedabad Mill Workers Movement) is incorrect - the Ahmedabad Mill Strike took place in 1918.
Option 3 (Chauri-Chaura incident) is incorrect - Chauri-Chaura incident took place on 5 February 1922.
Option 4 (Champaran Satyagraha Movement) is incorrect - Champaran Satyagraha was in 1917.
Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 6 January 2026 Shift 1 · Quit India Movement

Q29. Ram Manohar Lohia was a prominent leader associated with which movement in India?

  1. (a) Quit India Movement
  2. (b) Non-Cooperation Movement
  3. (c) Swadeshi Movement
  4. (d) Champaran Movement
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Quit India Movement

The correct answer is (a) Quit India Movement.
Ram Manohar Lohia was a prominent socialist leader and freedom fighter who played a key role in the Quit India Movement of 1942. He was one of the organizers of the underground resistance and was arrested by the British. He later became a major political figure in independent India and founded the Socialist Party.
(b) Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-22): Led by Mahatma Gandhi; Lohia was too young (born 1910) to have been a prominent leader of this movement.
(c) Swadeshi Movement (1905-11): An early nationalist movement; Lohia was a child during this movement.
(d) Champaran Movement (1917): Focused on indigo farmers' rights in Bihar; led by Gandhi; not specifically associated with Lohia.
Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 5 January 2026 Shift 2 · Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh

Q30. On the recommendations of which committee was the Rowlatt Act passed?

  1. (a) Frazer Committee
  2. (b) Hunter Committee
  3. (c) Minto Committee
  4. (d) Rowlett Sedition Committee
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Rowlett Sedition Committee

The correct answer is (d) Rowlett Sedition Committee.
The Rowlatt Act (1919), also known as the Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act, was passed on the recommendations of the Rowlatt Sedition Committee (named after its chairman, British judge Sir Sidney Rowlatt). The committee was set up to investigate revolutionary activities and recommended emergency wartime laws to suppress political activities.
(a) Frazer Committee: Not related to the Rowlatt Act.
(b) Hunter Committee: Was formed to investigate the Jallianwala Bagh massacre (1919); not responsible for the Rowlatt Act.
(c) Minto Committee: Not related to the Rowlatt Act; Lord Minto was Viceroy during Morley-Minto Reforms.
Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 5 January 2026 Shift 3 · Simon Commission and Nehru Report

Q31. What was the recommendation of the Nehru Report (1928)?

  1. (a) Purna Swaraj and joint electorates
  2. (b) Purna Swaraj and separate electorates
  3. (c) Dominion status and joint electorates
  4. (d) Dominion status and separate electorates
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Dominion status and joint electorates

The correct answer is (c) Dominion status and joint electorates.
The Nehru Report (1928), chaired by Motilal Nehru, recommended: (1) Dominion Status for India (not complete independence/Purna Swaraj — that demand came later at the Lahore Congress, 1929), and (2) Joint electorates (rejecting the Muslim League's demand for separate electorates, instead recommending reserved seats within joint electorates).
(a) Purna Swaraj and joint electorates: Purna Swaraj (complete independence) was not recommended in the Nehru Report; it was demanded after the Report's failure at the Lahore Congress 1929.
(b) Purna Swaraj and separate electorates: Both elements are incorrect for the Nehru Report.
(d) Dominion status and separate electorates: The Nehru Report specifically rejected separate electorates.
Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 4 January 2026 Shift 2 · Quit India Movement

Q32. Who launched the Quit India Movement in 1942?

  1. (a) Jawaharlal Nehru
  2. (b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
  3. (c) Mahatma Gandhi
  4. (d) Subhas Chandra Bose
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Mahatma Gandhi

Mahatma Gandhi launched the Quit India Movement on 8 August 1942, at the Bombay session of the Indian National Congress. He gave the famous call 'Do or Die,' demanding an immediate end to British rule in India.
(a) Incorrect: Jawaharlal Nehru was a prominent leader in the movement but did not launch it.
(b) Incorrect: Bal Gangadhar Tilak died in 1920, over two decades before the Quit India Movement.
(d) Incorrect: Subhas Chandra Bose had left the Congress and was leading the Indian National Army (INA) to fight British rule from outside India.
Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 3 January 2026 Shift 3 · Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh

Q33. The Jallianwala Bagh massacre, where General Dyer ordered troops to fire on a peaceful crowd, took place in which city?

  1. (a) Lahore
  2. (b) Chandigarh
  3. (c) Amritsar
  4. (d) Patiala
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Amritsar

The Jallianwala Bagh massacre occurred on 13 April 1919 in Amritsar, Punjab, when Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer ordered his troops to open fire on a peaceful gathering of civilians, killing hundreds and wounding thousands.
(a) Incorrect: Lahore was the provincial capital of Punjab but the massacre occurred in Amritsar.
(b) Incorrect: Chandigarh was not the capital of Punjab in 1919 and has no connection to this massacre.
(c) Incorrect: Patiala is a different city in Punjab with no connection to the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.
Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 3 January 2026 Shift 3 · Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh

Q34. After the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, the British government appointed which committee to investigate the incident?

  1. (a) Simon Commission
  2. (b) Muddiman Committee
  3. (c) Hunter Commission
  4. (d) Butler Committee
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Hunter Commission

The British government appointed the Hunter Commission (officially the Disorders Inquiry Committee, chaired by Lord William Hunter) in 1919 to investigate the Jallianwala Bagh massacre and related events in Punjab.
(a) Incorrect: The Simon Commission (1927) was appointed to review constitutional reforms, not to investigate the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.
(b) Incorrect: The Muddiman Committee (1924) reviewed the working of the Montague-Chelmsford Reforms, unrelated to Jallianwala Bagh.
(c) Incorrect: The Butler Committee (1927) was set up to examine relations between the Government of India and the Indian States, not the Jallianwala Bagh incident.
Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 3 January 2026 Shift 3 · Swaraj Party

Q35. After Gandhi withdrew the Non-Cooperation Movement, which party was formed by C.R. Das and Motilal Nehru to advocate 'Council-entry'?

  1. (a) Ghadar Party
  2. (b) Swaraj Party
  3. (c) Justice Party
  4. (d) Congress Socialist Party
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Swaraj Party

The Swaraj Party was formed in December 1922 by Chittaranjan Das (C.R. Das) and Motilal Nehru, after Gandhi withdrew the Non-Cooperation Movement, to contest elections and obstruct British rule from within the legislative councils.
(a) Incorrect: The Ghadar Party was formed in 1913 by Indian immigrants in the USA to overthrow British rule, unrelated to the council-entry controversy.
(b) Incorrect: The Justice Party was a political party in South India formed in 1917 to represent non-Brahmin communities, not formed by C.R. Das and Motilal Nehru.
(c) Incorrect: The Congress Socialist Party was established in 1934 within the Congress by socialist leaders like Jayaprakash Narayan, much later and for different reasons.
Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 30 December 2025 Shift 1 · Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh

Q36. Where did the Rowlatt Satyagraha begin in 1919?

  1. (a) Surat, Gujarat
  2. (b) Mumbai, Maharashtra
  3. (c) Kolkata, West Bengal
  4. (d) Amritsar, Punjab
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Mumbai, Maharashtra

The Rowlatt Satyagraha was launched on 6 April 1919 against the Rowlatt Act. Gandhi called for a nationwide hartal (general strike) beginning in Bombay (Mumbai), where the first organised protests were held before the movement spread across India.
(a) Incorrect: Surat was significant in Congress history (1907 split) but the Rowlatt Satyagraha began in Bombay.
(c) Incorrect: Kolkata witnessed protests during this period, but the movement was launched in Bombay under Gandhi.
(d) Incorrect: Amritsar saw the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (13 April 1919) during this period, but the Satyagraha itself began in Bombay.
Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 30 December 2025 Shift 2 · Civil Disobedience Movement and Dandi March

Q37. What did Mahatma Gandhi and his followers do at Dandi to break the salt law?

  1. (a) Smuggled salt from neighboring countries
  2. (b) Boiled sea water to produce salt
  3. (c) Manufactured salt in factories
  4. (d) Bought salt from local markets
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Boiled sea water to produce salt

During the Dandi March (Salt March) in March-April 1930, Mahatma Gandhi and his followers walked 241 miles to the coastal village of Dandi in Gujarat, where they boiled sea water to make salt, breaking the British Salt Act of 1882 which prohibited Indians from making salt.
(a) Incorrect: Gandhi and his followers made salt from seawater at Dandi; they did not smuggle salt from neighboring countries.
(c) Incorrect: Salt was made directly from seawater at the seashore, not manufactured in factories.
(d) Incorrect: Buying salt from markets would have complied with British law; the protest was about making salt illegally to challenge the British monopoly.
SSC CPO Paper-1 2025 – 12 December 2025 Shift 1 · Simon Commission and Nehru Report

Q38. The "Simon Commission" of 1927 was intended to review the working of the Government of India Act of 1919.
Why was it met with widespread protests and boycotts by Indian nationalist leaders?

  1. (a) It recommended the immediate granting of complete independence to India, which was deemed insufficient by some.
  2. (b) It proposed the complete dismantling of the existing legislative councils.
  3. (c) It did not include any Indian members in its composition, leading to accusations of being an imposition on India's future without Indian representation.
  4. (d) It advocated for the strengthening of the system of separate electorates.
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) It did not include any Indian members in its composition, leading to accusations of being an imposition on India's future without Indian representation.

Correct Answer: It did not include any Indian members in its composition, leading to accusations of being an imposition on India's future without Indian representation (Option 3)
The Simon Commission (1927), headed by Sir John Simon, was an all-white, all-British commission appointed to review the Government of India Act of 1919. The Indian National Congress and other nationalist parties boycotted it because it did not include a single Indian member, which was seen as a grave insult — a foreign body deciding India's constitutional future without Indian participation.
Lala Lajpat Rai led protests against the Commission in Lahore, during which he was lathi-charged by police — an injury that contributed to his death.
Options 1, 2, and 4 are factually incorrect descriptions of what the Simon Commission proposed.
SSC CPO Paper-1 2025 – 12 December 2025 Shift 2 · Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh

Q39. The 'Rowlatt Acts' of 1919 faced intense opposition from Indian nationalists for undermining fundamental legal principles.
What was the most objectionable aspect of these Acts?

  1. (a) They imposed heavy taxes on Indian businesses and traders
  2. (b) They mandated the compulsory registration of all Indian citizens
  3. (c) They allowed the government to detain individuals without trial based on suspicion of revolutionary activities
  4. (d) They granted greater powers to local self-governing bodies
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) They allowed the government to detain individuals without trial based on suspicion of revolutionary activities

Correct: They allowed the government to detain individuals without trial based on suspicion of revolutionary activities.
The Rowlatt Act (Black Act) allowed indefinite detention without trial, no appeal, no lawyer — earning it the name 'No vakil, No dalil , No appeal'. It was this authoritarian clause that sparked Gandhi's first major nationwide civil disobedience (Satyagraha). The other options are factually incorrect about the Rowlatt Act.
SSC Stenographer 2025 – 7 December 2025 Shift 3 · Simon Commission and Nehru Report

Q40. Consider the following statements comparing the Simon Commission (1927) and the Nehru Report (1928):
1. The Simon Commission was boycotted by Indian political parties primarily due to its all-Indian composition.
2. The Nehru Report proposed complete independence for India as its immediate objective.
Which of the above is/are correct?

  1. (a) 1 only
  2. (b) 2 only
  3. (c) Both 1 and 2
  4. (d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Neither 1 nor 2

The Simon Commission (1927) was boycotted by Indian leaders not because of an all-Indian composition , but because it had no Indian members at all . It consisted entirely of British members, which angered Indians. Hence, statement 1 is false. The Nehru Report (1928) , chaired by Motilal Nehru, demanded dominion status for India, not complete independence as an immediate objective. Complete independence was first demanded officially in the Lahore Session of Congress, 1929 . Hence, statement 2 is also false. Therefore, the correct answer is Neither 1 nor 2 .
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 30 November 2025 Shift 1 · Champaran, Kheda and Ahmedabad

Q41. In which of the following years Mahatma Gandhi led the Champaran Movement?

  1. (a) 1913
  2. (b) 1917
  3. (c) 1921
  4. (d) 1923
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) 1917

Correct Answer: Option 2 – 1917
Mahatma Gandhi led the Champaran Satyagraha in 1917 in Bihar. This was Gandhi's first major civil disobedience movement in India, opposing the exploitation of indigo farmers by British planters who forced peasants to grow indigo under the tinkathia system. The movement succeeded in getting concessions from British planters.
Why other options are wrong:
Option 1 (1913): Gandhi was still in South Africa leading the Satyagraha there in 1913.
Option 3 (1921): 1921 is associated with the Non-Cooperation Movement.
Option 4 (1923): 1923 is associated with the Nagpur session of Congress; Champaran movement was in 1917.
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 24 September 2025 Shift 3 · Simon Commission and Nehru Report

Q42. The Simon Commission, appointed in 1927, was boycotted by the Indian National Congress because:

  1. (a) It recommended the immediate granting of full independence to India.
  2. (b) It proposed the complete abolition of separate electorates.
  3. (c) It did not include any Indian members.
  4. (d) It advocated for the continuation of dyarchy in the province.
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) It did not include any Indian members.

The Simon Commission, set up to review the working of the Government of India Act 1919, consisted entirely of British members and no Indian was included.
This exclusion was seen as an insult and led to nationwide boycotts with the slogan "Simon, Go Back".
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 19 September 2025 Shift 2 · Civil Disobedience Movement and Dandi March

Q43. The Salt Satyagraha of 1930 was a direct civil disobedience movement against which British policy?

  1. (a) The imposition of heavy taxes on land revenue.
  2. (b) The British monopoly on the manufacture and sale of salt.
  3. (c) The restrictions on the movement and assembly of Indians.
  4. (d) The introduction of separate electorates for different communities.
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) The British monopoly on the manufacture and sale of salt.

The Salt Satyagraha (Dandi March) led by Gandhi in 1930 was a protest againstthe British monopoly on the manufacture and sale of salt, and the salt tax.
The other options were issues of British rule but not the specific target of Salt Satyagraha.
Hence the correct answer is the British salt monopoly.
RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 9 September 2025 Shift 1 · Khilafat and Non-Cooperation Movement

Q44. Which movement marked Mahatma Gandhi’s entry into all-India politics?

  1. (a) Champaran Satyagraha
  2. (b) Civil Disobedience Movement
  3. (c) Salt Satyagraha
  4. (d) Khilafat and Non-Cooperation Movement
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Khilafat and Non-Cooperation Movement

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 8 September 2025 Shift 1 · Quit India Movement

Q45. Aruna Asaf Ali is widely remembered for hoisting the Indian National flag during the Quit India Movement in 1942 at the ______.

  1. (a) Pragati Maidan, Delhi
  2. (b) Shivaji Park, Bombay
  3. (c) Gowalia Tank Maidan, Bombay
  4. (d) Gandhi Maidan, Patna
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Gowalia Tank Maidan, Bombay

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 8 September 2025 Shift 1 · Round Table Conferences and Gandhi-Irwin Pact

Q46. Who was the sole representative of the Indian National Congress in the 2ⁿᵈ Round Table Conference of 1931?

  1. (a) Jawaharlal Nehru
  2. (b) Chittaranjan Das
  3. (c) Mahatma Gandhi
  4. (d) Dr B R Ambedkar
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Mahatma Gandhi

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 4 September 2025 Shift 1 · Khilafat and Non-Cooperation Movement

Q47. The Non-cooperation Movement in 1920 included all the following, EXCEPT:

  1. (a) refusal to pay taxes
  2. (b) closure of schools and colleges
  3. (c) boycott of British courts
  4. (d) violent attacks on officials
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) violent attacks on officials

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 4 September 2025 Shift 2 · Communal Award and Poona Pact

Q48. On which of the following dates did Mahatma Gandhi begin a 21-day fast of self-purification to support the Harijan movement?

  1. (a) 8 May 1933
  2. (b) 9 March 1930
  3. (c) 7 May 1923
  4. (d) 8 September 1927
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) 8 May 1933

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 3 September 2025 Shift 2 · Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh

Q49. The infamous Jallianwala Bagh massacre occurred when Gandhi called all the Indians to observe April 6, 1919, as a day of non-violent protest against which of the following colonial policies?

  1. (a) Partition of Bengal
  2. (b) Minto-Morley reforms
  3. (c) Simon Commission
  4. (d) Rowlatt Act
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Rowlatt Act

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 3 September 2025 Shift 2 · Gandhi in South Africa

Q50. What was Gandhi’s view about the relation between means and ends in Satyagraha?

  1. (a) Violence is necessary for pure ends.
  2. (b) The ends justify the means.
  3. (c) Pure ends require pure means.
  4. (d) Only ends matter, not the means.
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Pure ends require pure means.

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 1 September 2025 Shift 1 · Khilafat and Non-Cooperation Movement

Q51. In which of the following years did Edward, Prince of Wales visit India on behalf of his father King George V, to thank the nation for the essential role it had played during the First World War?

  1. (a) 1925
  2. (b) 1922
  3. (c) 1920
  4. (d) 1921
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) 1921

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 1 September 2025 Shift 2 · Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh

Q52. Gandhiji gave a call for a satyagraha against the Rowlatt Act in which of the following years?

  1. (a) 1922
  2. (b) 1930
  3. (c) 1915
  4. (d) 1919
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) 1919

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 1 September 2025 Shift 3 · Gandhi in South Africa

Q53. What does the term ‘satyagraha’ primarily mean in Gandhian philosophy for mass mobilisation and India’s struggle for freedom during colonial rule?

  1. (a) Non-cooperation
  2. (b) Civil disobedience
  3. (c) Passive resistance
  4. (d) Truth-force
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Truth-force

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 19 August 2025 Shift 1 · Champaran, Kheda and Ahmedabad

Q54. Which event is considered the turning point in Gandhi’s political life, converting him from a moderate to a mass leader?

  1. (a) Rowlatt Act protest
  2. (b) Champaran Satyagraha
  3. (c) Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
  4. (d) Salt Satyagraha
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Champaran Satyagraha

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 19 August 2025 Shift 1 · Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh

Q55. Which body was formed by Gandhi on 24 February 1919 to oppose the Rowlatt Act?

  1. (a) Khilafat Committee
  2. (b) Swaraj Sabha
  3. (c) Satyagraha Sabha
  4. (d) Congress Committee
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Satyagraha Sabha

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 19 August 2025 Shift 2 · Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh

Q56. In organising the Rowlatt Satyagraha, Mahatma Gandhi was assisted by Abdul Bari of the Firangi Ulema group based in _________.

  1. (a) Kanpur
  2. (b) Lucknow
  3. (c) Aligarh
  4. (d) Patna
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Lucknow

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 18 August 2025 Shift 3 · Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh

Q57. Which region witnessed the strongest violence and martial law enforcement during the Rowlatt Satyagraha?

  1. (a) Gujarat
  2. (b) Bengal
  3. (c) Bihar
  4. (d) Punjab
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Punjab

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 13 August 2025 Shift 1 · Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh

Q58. Who among the following formed a Satyagraha Sabha on 24 February 1919 in Bombay to protest against the Rowlatt Bills?

  1. (a) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
  2. (b) Motilal Nehru
  3. (c) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
  4. (d) Mahatma Gandhi
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Mahatma Gandhi

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 8 August 2025 Shift 1 · Champaran, Kheda and Ahmedabad

Q59. Where was Gandhi's method of Satyagraha first evolved and later fully developed as a freedom struggle tool in India?

  1. (a) Bombay
  2. (b) Champaran
  3. (c) Kheda
  4. (d) South Africa
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Champaran

SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 1 August 2025 Shift 2 · Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh

Q60. Why did Mahatma Gandhi call for a campaign against the Rowlatt Act?

  1. (a) During the non-cooperation movement, thousands of Indians were kept in jail
  2. (b) British censorship of press and permitted detention without trial
  3. (c) Hundreds of people were killed in the Jallianwala Bagh massacre
  4. (d) Sir Sidney Rowlatt was a Britisher
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) British censorship of press and permitted detention without trial

Correct Answer: Option 2 – British censorship of press and permitted detention without trial
The Rowlatt Act (1919) gave the British government sweeping powers to arrest and detain Indian political suspects without trial and to censor the press. Gandhi called it a 'Black Act' and launched the Rowlatt Satyagraha (non-violent protest) against these draconian provisions.
Option 1 (Non-cooperation movement): The Non-Cooperation Movement started in 1920, AFTER the Rowlatt protests of 1919.
Option 3 (Jallianwala Bagh massacre): The massacre (April 1919) occurred DURING/AFTER the Rowlatt protests; it was a consequence, not the original reason.
Option 4 (Sir Sidney Rowlatt was a Britisher): The nationality of the act's namesake is irrelevant as a reason for the campaign.
RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2024-25 – 24 June 2025 Shift 3 · Civil Disobedience Movement and Dandi March

Q61. Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the Dandi March of 1930?
(a) The march started from Sabarmati Ashram and ended at Dandi, covering a distance of 240 miles.
(b) The Dandi March led to the signing of the Poona Pact.

  1. (a) Both (a) and (b)
  2. (b) Only (a)
  3. (c) Neither (a) nor (b)
  4. (d) Only (b)
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Only (a)

RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2024-25 – 23 June 2025 Shift 2 · Round Table Conferences and Gandhi-Irwin Pact

Q62. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct regarding the Round Table Conferences held from 1930 to 1932?
(a) The Round Table Conferences were held to discuss Constitutional Reforms and India's future government under British rule.
(b) Mahatma Gandhi attended only the Second Round Table Conference in 1931.

  1. (a) Only (a)
  2. (b) Neither (a) nor (b)
  3. (c) Only (b)
  4. (d) Both (a) and (b)
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Both (a) and (b)

RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2024-25 – 21 June 2025 Shift 2 · Champaran, Kheda and Ahmedabad

Q63. Hunger strike as a weapon was used for the first time by Mahatma Gandhi during which struggle?

  1. (a) Non-Cooperation Movement
  2. (b) Ahmedabad Mill Workers' Struggle
  3. (c) Champaran Satyagraha
  4. (d) Kheda Satyagraha
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Ahmedabad Mill Workers' Struggle

RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2024-25 – 19 June 2025 Shift 2 · Lahore Session and Purna Swaraj

Q64. At which session of the Indian National Congress was the resolution for Poorna Swaraj (complete independence) passed?

  1. (a) Lucknow Session, 1916
  2. (b) Lahore Session, 1929
  3. (c) Karachi Session, 1931
  4. (d) Calcutta Session, 1920
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Lahore Session, 1929

RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2024-25 – 14 June 2025 Shift 1 · Khilafat and Non-Cooperation Movement

Q65. Mahatma Gandhi called off the Non-Cooperation Movement after the violent incident at Chauri Chaura. In which present-day state is Chauri Chaura located?

  1. (a) Rajasthan
  2. (b) Madhya Pradesh
  3. (c) Uttar Pradesh
  4. (d) Bihar
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Uttar Pradesh

RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2024-25 – 12 June 2025 Shift 1 · Communal Award and Poona Pact

Q66. Who signed the Poona Pact of 1932 on behalf of Mahatma Gandhi, as he was imprisoned at the time?

  1. (a) Pt. Madan Mohan Malviya
  2. (b) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
  3. (c) Jawaharlal Nehru
  4. (d) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Pt. Madan Mohan Malviya

RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2024-25 – 11 June 2025 Shift 1 · Champaran, Kheda and Ahmedabad

Q67. Which leader collaborated with Mahatma Gandhi during the Kheda Satyagraha in 1918?

  1. (a) Raj Kumar Shukla
  2. (b) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
  3. (c) Lala Lajpat Rai
  4. (d) Subhas Chandra Bose
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2024-25 – 6 June 2025 Shift 1 · Simon Commission and Nehru Report

Q68. What was the main reason for the protest against the Simon Commission in 1928?

  1. (a) Discrimination against minorities
  2. (b) Lack of Indian representation
  3. (c) Introduction of new laws
  4. (d) High taxes
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Lack of Indian representation

RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2024-25 – 6 June 2025 Shift 2 · Lahore Session and Purna Swaraj

Q69. Which leader presided over the 1929 Lahore Session of the Indian National Congress, where the resolution for 'Purna Swaraj' was passed?

  1. (a) Jawaharlal Nehru
  2. (b) Lala Lajpat Rai
  3. (c) Subhas Chandra Bose
  4. (d) CR Das
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Jawaharlal Nehru

RRB JE CBT-1 2024-25 – 18 December 2024 Shift 2 · Civil Disobedience Movement and Dandi March

Q70. Mahatma Gandhi started his famous 'Salt march' accompanied by _________ of his trusted volunteers.

  1. (a) 78
  2. (b) 94
  3. (c) 39
  4. (d) 51
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) 78

Answer: Option 1 — 78
Gandhi set out on the Salt March with 78 trusted volunteers of the Sabarmati Ashram.
It began on 12 March 1930 and reached Dandi on 6 April 1930.
Revision note — Dandi March and Civil Disobedience (1930)
• Route: Sabarmati Ashram (Ahmedabad) → Dandi (coastal Gujarat), about 240 miles (385 km) in 24 days.
• At Dandi Gandhi made salt from sea water and broke the salt law — the start of the Civil Disobedience Movement.
• The salt tax and the British monopoly on salt were chosen because they hit every Indian.
• C. Rajagopalachari led a parallel salt march from Tiruchirappalli to Vedaranyam (Madras Presidency).
• The movement was suspended by the Gandhi–Irwin Pact (1931) and relaunched in 1932 after the Second Round Table Conference.
Also asked from this topic: the year Gandhi broke the Salt Act at Dandi (1930); the salt-march leader in Madras Presidency (C. Rajagopalachari); the movement relaunched in 1932 (Civil Disobedience).
RRB JE CBT-1 2024-25 – 16 December 2024 Shift 2 · Khilafat and Non-Cooperation Movement

Q71. The Khilafat committee was formed in Bombay, to defend temporal powers of Khalifa, in _________.

  1. (a) June 1919
  2. (b) July 1919
  3. (c) March 1919
  4. (d) January 1919
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) March 1919

Answer: Option 3 — March 1919
Ottoman Turkey was defeated in the First World War.
A harsh treaty was feared for the Khalifa, the spiritual head of the Islamic world.
To defend his temporal powers, a Khilafat Committee was formed in Bombay in March 1919.
Revision note — Khilafat Movement
• Led by the Ali brothers — Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali.
• Other leaders: Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, Hakim Ajmal Khan, Hasrat Mohani.
• Gandhiji saw it as a chance to bring Hindus and Muslims into one united national movement.
• 17 October 1919 was observed as Khilafat Day; Gandhi presided over the All India Khilafat Conference at Delhi (November 1919).
• Calcutta session (September 1920) accepted the non-cooperation programme; Nagpur session (December 1920) endorsed it.
• The Non-Cooperation-Khilafat Movement began in January 1921.
• It was called off after the Chauri Chaura incident (February 1922); the Khilafat issue ended when Turkey abolished the Caliphate in 1924.
Also asked from this topic: when the Non-Cooperation-Khilafat Movement began (January 1921); the incident after which Gandhi withdrew the Non-Cooperation Movement (Chauri Chaura).

More Modern History chapters

British Administration and Policies198 questionsPeasant, Tribal and Civil Uprisings104 questionsSocio-Religious Reform Movements95 questionsPersonalities, Newspapers, Books and Slogans86 questionsAdvent of Europeans and British Expansion76 questionsSwadeshi, Revolutionaries and Home Rule66 questionsRevolt of 185760 questionsRise of Nationalism and Indian National Congress59 questionsTowards Independence and Partition30 questionsPost-Independence India16 questions
📥 PDF of this paper (all subjects, English & Hindi): All previous year papers PDF · ▶ Attempt previous year papers as free online tests · 🏆 Free live mock tests · 📰 Daily current affairs quiz