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Poverty, Unemployment and Human Development PYQs – Economics, SSC & Railway

153 Poverty, Unemployment and Human Development (Economics) questions asked in recent SSC and Railway exams, newest first, with exam, date & shift, answers and solutions – page 2 of 2.

📚 153 questionsSSC 65 · Railway 88
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RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 2 September 2025 Shift 3 · Poverty alleviation and employment programmes (MGNREGA, etc.)

Q101. The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005 (MGNREGA) provides a legal guarantee for how many days of employment per year to every rural household in India?

  1. (a) 180 days
  2. (b) 135 days
  3. (c) 100 days
  4. (d) 159 days
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) 100 days

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 1 September 2025 Shift 1 · Types of unemployment

Q102. Seasonal unemployment is common in rural economies. Which sector in India experiences the most seasonal unemployment?

  1. (a) Information technology
  2. (b) Manufacturing
  3. (c) Agriculture
  4. (d) Transport
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Agriculture

SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 29 August 2025 Shift 1 · Human Development Index and UNDP

Q103. Read the below statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Mark the correct options:
Assertion (A): A country with high Human Development Index may still have high multidimensional poverty.
Reason (R): Human Development Index is an average and doesn't capture intra-country inequalities.

  1. (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  2. (b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
  3. (c) A is true, but R is false.
  4. (d) A is false, but R is true.
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

Correct Answer: Option 1 – Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Assertion (A) is TRUE: A country can have a high average HDI while still having significant multidimensional poverty among specific regions, ethnic groups, or socioeconomic classes. HDI is a national average that can mask extreme disparities — for example, Gulf countries have high HDI but significant poverty among migrant worker populations; Brazil has high HDI but persistent poverty in favelas.
Reason (R) is TRUE: The HDI is calculated as a geometric mean of three indices (health, education, income) at the national level — producing a single national average. It does not disaggregate data by region, gender, caste, ethnicity, or income quintile, and thus fails to capture how development is distributed within a country.
R correctly explains A: Because HDI is an average masking intra-country inequalities (Reason) , a country with a high HDI average can simultaneously have pockets of high multidimensional poverty (Assertion). R is the direct and correct explanation of A.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 29 August 2025 Shift 3 · Poverty alleviation and employment programmes (MGNREGA, etc.)

Q104. Which program was launched in 1975 to address rural poverty in India?

  1. (a) Integrated Rural Development Program (IRDP)
  2. (b) Minimum Needs Program
  3. (c) Twenty Point Program
  4. (d) Employment Guarantee Scheme
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Twenty Point Program

Correct Answer: Option 3 – Twenty Point Program
The Twenty Point Program (TPP) was launched by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi on July 1, 1975 (during the Emergency period) to address rural poverty, social inequality, and economic backwardness. It covered 20 priority areas including land reforms, abolition of bonded labour , weaker sections upliftment, provision of drinking water, family planning, literacy, housing for landless, and improvement of rural infrastructure. It was revised in 1982 and again in 1986 (expanded to include more points).
Option 1 (IRDP): The Integrated Rural Development Programme was launched in 1978–79 (not 1975) to provide self-employment to rural poor through asset transfer and skill development.
Option 2 (Minimum Needs Program): The Minimum Needs Programme was introduced in the Fifth Five Year Plan (1974–79) but as a planning category, not launched as a specific program in 1975.
Option 4 (Employment Guarantee Scheme): The Maharashtra Employment Guarantee Scheme was a state-level initiative; the national NREGA (now MGNREGS) was launched only in 2005.
RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 29 August 2025 Shift 3 · Human Development Index and UNDP

Q105. How is a long and healthy life measured in HDI?

  1. (a) Access to hospitals
  2. (b) Life expectancy at birth
  3. (c) Health insurance coverage
  4. (d) Number of doctors
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Life expectancy at birth

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 28 August 2025 Shift 1 · Human Development Index and UNDP

Q106. Which of the following indicators is NOT directly included in the calculation of the Human Development Index (HDI)?

  1. (a) Infant mortality rate
  2. (b) Life expectancy at birth
  3. (c) Mean years of schooling
  4. (d) Gross National Income per capita
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Infant mortality rate

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 28 August 2025 Shift 2 · Poverty alleviation and employment programmes (MGNREGA, etc.)

Q107. What is the full name of MNREGA in the Indian policy context?

  1. (a) Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
  2. (b) Mainstream National Rural Education Guarantee Act
  3. (c) Ministry for National Rural Employment Growth Agenda
  4. (d) Modern National Rural Employment Growth Act
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 28 August 2025 Shift 2 · Sustainable Development Goals

Q108. In which year was the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development adopted by the United Nations Member States?

  1. (a) 2016
  2. (b) 2014
  3. (c) 2017
  4. (d) 2015
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) 2015

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 22 August 2025 Shift 1 · Poverty alleviation and employment programmes (MGNREGA, etc.)

Q109. In which of the following years was the Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY) launched with the aim to bring the assisted poor families (Swarozgaris) above the poverty line by organising them into Self Help Groups (SHGs) through a mix of bank credit and government subsidies?

  1. (a) 1994
  2. (b) 1991
  3. (c) 2003
  4. (d) 1999
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) 1999

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 22 August 2025 Shift 1 · Human Development Index and UNDP

Q110. The Human Development Index emphasises people-centric development. Who is credited with creating the HDI alongside Amartya Sen?

  1. (a) Jean Drèze
  2. (b) Mahbub ul Haq
  3. (c) Kaushik Basu
  4. (d) Manmohan Singh
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Mahbub ul Haq

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 22 August 2025 Shift 2 · Human Development Index and UNDP

Q111. Which of the following is considered a major challenge to human development in India?

  1. (a) Persistent regional disparities
  2. (b) Increasing digital infrastructure
  3. (c) High foreign exchange reserves
  4. (d) Rapid urbanisation
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Persistent regional disparities

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 20 August 2025 Shift 1 · Poverty alleviation and employment programmes (MGNREGA, etc.)

Q112. Where is the primary focus of the Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana (SGRY)?

  1. (a) Industrial areas
  2. (b) Rural areas
  3. (c) Urban areas
  4. (d) Coastal areas
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Rural areas

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 20 August 2025 Shift 2 · Poverty alleviation and employment programmes (MGNREGA, etc.)

Q113. What is the primary aim of the National Urban Livelihoods Mission (NULM)?

  1. (a) Providing subsidised housing to rural workers
  2. (b) Encouraging foreign investment in urban infrastructure
  3. (c) Promoting smart cities in Tier-2 towns
  4. (d) Reducing urban poverty through skill development and self-employment
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Reducing urban poverty through skill development and self-employment

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 19 August 2025 Shift 1 · Human Development Index and UNDP

Q114. Human development also involves freedom, security and dignity in life. The first Human Development Report was published in which year?

  1. (a) 1990
  2. (b) 1980
  3. (c) 1971
  4. (d) 1995
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) 1990

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 18 August 2025 Shift 1 · Poverty alleviation and employment programmes (MGNREGA, etc.)

Q115. The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) provides legal assurance of wage employment in rural areas. Under MGNREGA, how many days of guaranteed wage employment per year is a rural household entitled to?

  1. (a) 100 days
  2. (b) 50 days
  3. (c) 200 days
  4. (d) 150 days
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) 100 days

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 18 August 2025 Shift 1 · Types of unemployment

Q116. Which type of unemployment is most prevalent in Indian agriculture during the non-sowing season?

  1. (a) Disguised Unemployment
  2. (b) Cyclical Unemployment
  3. (c) Structural Unemployment
  4. (d) Seasonal Unemployment
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Seasonal Unemployment

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 18 August 2025 Shift 3 · Poverty - measurement and committees

Q117. Which of the following indicators is NOT included in the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)?

  1. (a) Monthly Per Capita Expenditure
  2. (b) Nutrition
  3. (c) Years of Schooling
  4. (d) Electricity Access
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Monthly Per Capita Expenditure

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 14 August 2025 Shift 2 · Types of unemployment

Q118. Who is considered unemployed under the Usual Status (US) measure?

  1. (a) Someone working only one day a week
  2. (b) Someone retired from work
  3. (c) Someone not working but seeking work over a long period
  4. (d) Someone working part-time
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Someone not working but seeking work over a long period

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 13 August 2025 Shift 1 · Types of unemployment

Q119. Which of the following is an example of structural unemployment?

  1. (a) A worker losing their job due to a recession
  2. (b) A worker choosing not to work due to a lack of job opportunities
  3. (c) A worker being unable to find a job due to discrimination
  4. (d) A worker being unable to find a job due to a lack of skills in a new and expanding industry
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) A worker being unable to find a job due to a lack of skills in a new and expanding industry

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 13 August 2025 Shift 2 · Poverty alleviation and employment programmes (MGNREGA, etc.)

Q120. When was the Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme (RLEGP) launched?

  1. (a) 2 October 1985
  2. (b) 26 January 1982
  3. (c) 15 August 1983
  4. (d) 1 April 1980
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) 15 August 1983

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 12 August 2025 Shift 1 · Sustainable Development Goals

Q121. How many total Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were adopted at the United Nations Sustainable Development Summit in New York in September 2015?

  1. (a) 17
  2. (b) 16
  3. (c) 15
  4. (d) 18
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) 17

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 12 August 2025 Shift 3 · Poverty alleviation and employment programmes (MGNREGA, etc.)

Q122. What was the main aim of IRDP (Integrated Rural Development Programme) ?

  1. (a) To provide free food to rural families
  2. (b) To promote urban employment
  3. (c) To assist poor rural families in acquiring assets or skills for self-employment
  4. (d) To build schools in villages
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) To assist poor rural families in acquiring assets or skills for self-employment

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 8 August 2025 Shift 1 · Poverty alleviation and employment programmes (MGNREGA, etc.)

Q123. Who initiated the Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana (SGRY)?

  1. (a) Central Government
  2. (b) Panchayati Raj Institutions
  3. (c) Private Sector
  4. (d) State Governments
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Central Government

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 7 August 2025 Shift 2 · Poverty - measurement and committees

Q124. The National Multidimensional Poverty Index, published by NITI Aayog, measures poverty beyond income by considering multiple deprivations. Which of the following dimensions is NOT included in India's National Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)?

  1. (a) Employment
  2. (b) Health
  3. (c) Education
  4. (d) Standard of living
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Employment

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 7 August 2025 Shift 3 · Human capital formation

Q125. Why can Gross Enrollment Ratio (GER) sometimes exceed 100%?

  1. (a) Due to school mergers in rural areas
  2. (b) Due to inclusion of post-graduate students
  3. (c) Due to enrollment of learners outside the official age group
  4. (d) Because of errors in census data
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Due to enrollment of learners outside the official age group

SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 2 August 2025 Shift 1 · Poverty alleviation and employment programmes (MGNREGA, etc.)

Q126. What was the primary focus of the Antyodaya Program launched in 1977?

  1. (a) Provide employment to rural youth
  2. (b) Uplift the poorest sections of society
  3. (c) Promote industrial growth
  4. (d) Reduce fiscal deficit
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Uplift the poorest sections of society

Correct Answer: Option 2 – Uplift the poorest sections of society
Antyodaya (meaning 'rise of the last/poorest person') was a programme launched in Rajasthan in 1977 under Chief Minister Shiv Charan Mathur, inspired by Mahatma Gandhi's philosophy of 'Antyodaya.' Its primary aim was to uplift the poorest of the poor (Antyodaya families) through targeted economic assistance.
Option 1 (Provide employment to rural youth): Employment-focused programmes like NREP and RLEGP came later.
Option 3 (Promote industrial growth): Not the focus of Antyodaya; it targeted the rural poor.
Option 4 (Reduce fiscal deficit): A macroeconomic goal unrelated to Antyodaya.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 2 August 2025 Shift 3 · Human Development Index and UNDP

Q127. The concept of "human development ethics" challenges the Human Development Index (HDI) for its:

  1. (a) Implicit assumptions about universal values and development goals
  2. (b) Over-reliance on economic data
  3. (c) Exclusion of military strength indicators
  4. (d) Lack of international trade analysis
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Implicit assumptions about universal values and development goals

Correct Answer: Option 1 – Implicit assumptions about universal values and development goals
The critique of 'human development ethics' argues that the HDI embeds implicit assumptions about what constitutes a good or developed life (e.g., long life, education, income) that may not align with all cultural or ethical frameworks. Critics argue these reflect a Western-centric view of universal values and development goals.
Option 2 (Over-reliance on economic data): The HDI actually broadens beyond purely economic measures by including health and education; this is not the core ethical critique.
Option 3 (Exclusion of military strength): Military strength is deliberately excluded from development indices as it does not reflect human welfare.
Option 4 (Lack of international trade analysis): Trade analysis is outside the scope of HDI, and this is not an ethical challenge raised by human development ethics.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 1 August 2025 Shift 3 · Human Development Index and UNDP

Q128. What does HDI stand for?

  1. (a) Human Development Indicator
  2. (b) Human Demographic Index
  3. (c) Human Development Index
  4. (d) Human Distribution Index
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Human Development Index

Correct Answer: Option 3 – Human Development Index
HDI stands for Human Development Index. It is a composite statistic published annually by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in the Human Development Report. It measures a country's development based on three dimensions: life expectancy, education (mean years of schooling and expected years of schooling), and standard of living (GNI per capita).
Option 1 (Human Development Indicator): Close but 'Indicator' (singular) is not the official name; it is 'Index.'
Option 2 (Human Demographic Index): No such official index exists.
Option 4 (Human Distribution Index): No such official index exists.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 30 July 2025 Shift 2 · Population and demographic dividend

Q129. Which one of the following defines elderly dependency ratio?

  1. (a) The ratio of children to the working-age population
  2. (b) The ratio of elderly (65+) to the working-age population
  3. (c) The ratio of elderly to children in a population
  4. (d) The ratio of urban to rural elderly population
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) The ratio of elderly (65+) to the working-age population

Correct Answer: Option 2 – The ratio of elderly (65+) to the working-age population
The Elderly Dependency Ratio (also called Old-Age Dependency Ratio) measures the number of elderly people (typically aged 65 and above) as a proportion of the working-age population (typically aged 15–64). Formula: Elderly Dependency Ratio = (Population 65+) / (Population 15–64) × 100. A higher ratio indicates more elderly dependents per working-age person, signalling greater pressure on social security, pension systems, and healthcare. Ageing populations in developed countries (Japan, Germany) have very high elderly dependency ratios.
Option 1 (Children to working-age): This is the Child Dependency Ratio — a different measure of how many children (0–14) depend on the working-age population.
Option 3 (Elderly to children): This is not a standard demographic ratio; the dependency ratio always uses working-age population as the denominator.
Option 4 (Urban to rural elderly): This is a geographic distribution measure, not a dependency ratio.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 28 July 2025 Shift 2 · Poverty alleviation and employment programmes (MGNREGA, etc.)

Q130. What is the key focus of NRLM (National Rural Livelihood Mission)?

  1. (a) Formation of Self-Help Groups (SHGs)
  2. (b) Providing free food grains
  3. (c) Building rural roads
  4. (d) Promoting urban employment
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Formation of Self-Help Groups (SHGs)

Correct Answer: Option 1 – Formation of Self-Help Groups (SHGs)
The National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM), launched in 2011 (renamed DAY-NRLM — Deen Dayal Antyodaya Yojana-NRLM in 2015), aims to reduce rural poverty through social mobilization of the rural poor, primarily through the formation and strengthening of Self-Help Groups (SHGs). SHGs are small groups of 10–20 rural women who pool savings, access credit, and build livelihoods collectively. NRLM has mobilized over 10 crore women into ~90 lakh SHGs across India.
Option 2 (Free food grains): The Public Distribution System (PDS) and PM Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana provide food grains; not NRLM's focus.
Option 3 (Building rural roads): PMGSY (Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana) handles rural road construction; not NRLM.
Option 4 (Urban employment): NRLM is specifically for rural areas; urban livelihoods are addressed by DAY-NULM (National Urban Livelihoods Mission).
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 28 July 2025 Shift 2 · Population and demographic dividend

Q131. Which region of the world has the highest elderly dependency ratio?

  1. (a) Africa
  2. (b) Europe
  3. (c) Asia
  4. (d) South America
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Europe

Correct Answer: Option 2 – Europe
Europe has the highest elderly dependency ratio in the world — the proportion of people aged 65+ relative to the working-age population (15–64). This is due to: very low birth rates, high life expectancy, and an aging population. Countries like Japan and South Korea also have very high ratios, but as a region, Europe (particularly Southern and Eastern Europe — Italy, Germany, Greece, Spain) leads globally. The UN Population Division consistently ranks Europe as the most aged region.
Option 1 (Africa): Africa has the youngest population in the world — highest youth dependency ratio, not elderly.
Option 3 (Asia): Asia is diverse; East Asia (Japan, South Korea, China) has high aging rates, but the region as a whole is younger than Europe.
Option 4 (South America): South America has a younger demographic profile than Europe; its aging is projected to accelerate but currently lower.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 26 July 2025 Shift 3 · Poverty alleviation and employment programmes (MGNREGA, etc.)

Q132. The National Rural Employment Programme (NREP) was initiated in the ________ Five-Year Plan.

  1. (a) Fifth
  2. (b) Sixth
  3. (c) Seventh
  4. (d) Eighth
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Sixth

Correct Answer: Option 2 – Sixth
The National Rural Employment Programme (NREP) was launched in October 1980, at the start of the Sixth Five-Year Plan (1980–85) under the Indira Gandhi government. NREP aimed to provide additional gainful employment to rural poor during lean agricultural seasons through creation of durable community assets (roads, irrigation, schools). It later merged with RLEGP in 1989 to form Jawahar Rozgar Yojana.
Option 1 (Fifth): The Fifth Plan (1974–79) had other rural employment schemes (SFDA, MFAL); NREP was not launched then.
Option 3 (Seventh): Seventh Plan (1985–90) continued NREP but did not initiate it.
Option 4 (Eighth): Eighth Plan (1992–97) was after NREP had already been merged into JRY (1989).
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 25 July 2025 Shift 3 · Poverty alleviation and employment programmes (MGNREGA, etc.)

Q133. The National Rural Employment Programme (NREP) was initiated in the ________ Five-Year Plan.

  1. (a) Fifth
  2. (b) Sixth
  3. (c) Seventh
  4. (d) Eighth
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Sixth

Correct Answer: Option 2 – Sixth
The National Rural Employment Programme (NREP) was launched in October 1980, at the beginning of the Sixth Five-Year Plan (1980–85) under the Indira Gandhi government. NREP aimed to provide additional gainful employment to the rural poor during lean agricultural seasons through creation of durable community assets. It merged with the Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme (RLEGP) in 1989 to form the Jawahar Rozgar Yojana.
Option 1 (Fifth): The Fifth Plan (1974–79) had other employment schemes like SFDA and MFAL; NREP was not launched then.
Option 3 (Seventh): The Seventh Plan (1985–90) saw NREP continuing but it was not initiated during this period.
Option 4 (Eighth): The Eighth Plan (1992–97) was after NREP had already been merged into JRY.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 24 July 2025 Shift 2 · Sustainable Development Goals

Q134. What is the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Index published by NITI Aayog?

  1. (a) A measure of foreign trade performance
  2. (b) A ranking of states based on progress toward SDGs
  3. (c) A list of public sector enterprises
  4. (d) A report on monetary policy
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) A ranking of states based on progress toward SDGs

Correct Answer: Option 2 – A ranking of states based on progress toward SDGs
The SDG India Index, published annually by NITI Aayog since 2018, tracks and ranks all Indian states and Union Territories on their progress toward the 17 UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) across indicators covering health, education, gender equality, clean energy, economic growth, and more. It helps identify gaps and best practices across states.
Option 1 (Foreign trade performance): Trade performance is tracked by DGFT (Director General of Foreign Trade) and RBI; not NITI Aayog's SDG Index.
Option 3 (List of public sector enterprises): PSEs are tracked by DIPAM (Department of Investment and Public Asset Management).
Option 4 (Report on monetary policy): Monetary policy is governed by the RBI; NITI Aayog does not publish monetary policy reports.
RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2024-25 – 24 June 2025 Shift 2 · Poverty - measurement and committees

Q135. According to the NITI Aayog's discussion paper released in January 2024, which state recorded the highest number of people escaping multidimensional poverty between 2013-14 and 2022-23?

  1. (a) Rajasthan
  2. (b) Bihar
  3. (c) Jharkhand
  4. (d) Uttar Pradesh
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Uttar Pradesh

RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2024-25 – 23 June 2025 Shift 2 · Poverty - measurement and committees

Q136. Which state had the highest multidimensional poverty index according to the National Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023?

  1. (a) Madhya Pradesh
  2. (b) Bihar
  3. (c) Uttar Pradesh
  4. (d) Rajasthan
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Bihar

RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2024-25 – 21 June 2025 Shift 3 · Poverty - measurement and committees

Q137. Which of the following correctly differentiates between absolute poverty and relative poverty?

  1. (a) Absolute poverty is subjective; relative poverty is objective.
  2. (b) There is no difference between the two.
  3. (c) Absolute poverty is based on income inequality; relative poverty is not.
  4. (d) Absolute poverty uses a fixed threshold; relative poverty compares individuals within a society.
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Absolute poverty uses a fixed threshold; relative poverty compares individuals within a society.

RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2024-25 – 20 June 2025 Shift 1 · Inequality measures (Gini coefficient, Lorenz curve)

Q138. The Gini Coefficient is used to measure which of the following?

  1. (a) Absolute poverty
  2. (b) Consumption expenditure
  3. (c) Income inequality
  4. (d) Unemployment rate
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Income inequality

RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2024-25 – 20 June 2025 Shift 1 · Poverty - measurement and committees

Q139. According to the World Bank 2021 data, what was the poverty rate at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) for India?

  1. (a) 10.5%
  2. (b) 8.9%
  3. (c) 15%
  4. (d) 12.92%
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) 12.92%

RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2024-25 – 19 June 2025 Shift 2 · Human Development Index and UNDP

Q140. Which Indian state had the highest Human Development Index (HDI) in 2017?

  1. (a) Maharashtra
  2. (b) Gujarat
  3. (c) Kerala
  4. (d) Tamil Nadu
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Kerala

RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2024-25 – 18 June 2025 Shift 2 · Poverty - measurement and committees

Q141. What was the poverty headcount ratio in urban areas in 2019-21, as per the National Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023?

  1. (a) 5.27%
  2. (b) 32.59%
  3. (c) 19.28%
  4. (d) 8.65%
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) 5.27%

RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2024-25 – 17 June 2025 Shift 2 · Poverty - measurement and committees

Q142. Between 2013-14 and 2022-23, how many Indians escaped multidimensional poverty, according to NITI Aayog?

  1. (a) 18.2 crore
  2. (b) 12.5 crore
  3. (c) 30.5 crore
  4. (d) 24.82 crore
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) 24.82 crore

RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2024-25 – 12 June 2025 Shift 2 · Human Development Index and UNDP

Q143. Which of the following is NOT a dimension measured by the Gender Inequality Index (GII)?

  1. (a) Labour market participation
  2. (b) Access to clean drinking water
  3. (c) Reproductive health
  4. (d) Empowerment
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Access to clean drinking water

RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2024-25 – 12 June 2025 Shift 2 · Poverty - measurement and committees

Q144. According to NITI Aayog, what was the reduction in the Poverty Headcount Ratio in India from 2013-14 to 2022-23?

  1. (a) From 25% to 10%
  2. (b) From 28% to 15%
  3. (c) From 30% to 12.5%
  4. (d) From 29.17% to 11.28%
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) From 29.17% to 11.28%

RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2024-25 – 11 June 2025 Shift 2 · Poverty - measurement and committees

Q145. As per the SDG India Index 2023-24, what was the estimated percentage of reduction in the population living in multidimensional poverty between 2015-16 and 2019-21?

  1. (a) From 30% to 20%
  2. (b) From 15% to 10%
  3. (c) From 20% to 12%
  4. (d) From 24.8% to 14.96%
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) From 24.8% to 14.96%

RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2024-25 – 11 June 2025 Shift 3 · Sustainable Development Goals

Q146. What is the range of composite scores achieved by Union Territories (UTs) in the SDG India Index 2023-24?

  1. (a) 60 to 75
  2. (b) 75 to 85
  3. (c) 70 to 80
  4. (d) 65 to 77
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) 65 to 77

RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2024-25 – 10 June 2025 Shift 2 · Poverty - measurement and committees

Q147. What was the poverty rate in India in 2019-21, according to the India National Multidimensional Poverty Index, 2023?

  1. (a) 14.96%
  2. (b) 16.23%
  3. (c) 22.67%
  4. (d) 24.58%
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) 14.96%

RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2024-25 – 10 June 2025 Shift 3 · Poverty - measurement and committees

Q148. Which statistical indicator is used to measure the depth of poverty by accounting for the extent to which individuals fall below the poverty line?

  1. (a) Poverty Gap Index
  2. (b) Gini Coefficient
  3. (c) Dependency Ratio
  4. (d) Headcount Ratio
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Poverty Gap Index

RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2024-25 – 9 June 2025 Shift 2 · Poverty - measurement and committees

Q149. Which of the following measures the percentage of a country's population living below the poverty line?

  1. (a) Unemployment Rate
  2. (b) Gini Coefficient
  3. (c) Poverty Headcount Ratio
  4. (d) Human Development Index
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Poverty Headcount Ratio

RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2024-25 – 9 June 2025 Shift 2 · Sustainable Development Goals

Q150. According to the SDG India Index 2023-24 released by NITI Aayog, what is the range of composite scores achieved by Indian states?

  1. (a) 57 to 79
  2. (b) 60 to 85
  3. (c) 65 to 90
  4. (d) 52 to 75
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) 57 to 79

RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2024-25 – 6 June 2025 Shift 1 · Poverty - measurement and committees

Q151. Which of the following is NOT one of the ten indicators used in calculating the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)?

  1. (a) Internet connectivity
  2. (b) Nutrition
  3. (c) Years of schooling
  4. (d) Access to electricity
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Internet connectivity

RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2024-25 – 6 June 2025 Shift 2 · Poverty - measurement and committees

Q152. According to the Economic Survey 2023-24, how many Indians are estimated to have escaped multidimensional poverty between 2015-16 and 2019-21?

  1. (a) 20.5 crore
  2. (b) 16.5 crore
  3. (c) 10 crore
  4. (d) 13.5 crore
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) 13.5 crore

RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2024-25 – 6 June 2025 Shift 3 · Inequality measures (Gini coefficient, Lorenz curve)

Q153. Which of the following indicators reflects inequality in the distribution of income among individuals in a population?

  1. (a) Labour Force Participation Rate
  2. (b) Consumer Price Index
  3. (c) Dependency Ratio
  4. (d) Lorenz Curve
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Lorenz Curve

12

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