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Space, Defence and Technology PYQs – Static GK, SSC & Railway

245 Space, Defence and Technology (Static GK) questions asked in recent SSC and Railway exams, newest first, with exam, date & shift, answers and solutions – page 3 of 3.

📚 245 questionsSSC 206 · Railway 39
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RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 21 August 2025 Shift 2 · Science and technology missions and schemes

Q201. Which mission by the Indian Government, launched in 2023, aims to develop quantum technologies and has established four Thematic Hubs across premier institutions, as of 2025?

  1. (a) Quantum India Program
  2. (b) Digital India Mission
  3. (c) National Quantum Mission
  4. (d) Tech India Initiative
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) National Quantum Mission

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 21 August 2025 Shift 2 · Nuclear programme and institutions

Q202. The Atomic Energy Establishment, established at Trombay in 1954, was later renamed as:

  1. (a) Nehru Institute of Atomic Energy
  2. (b) Indian Institute of Nuclear Science
  3. (c) Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
  4. (d) Indira Gandhi Atomic Centre
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Bhabha Atomic Research Centre

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 20 August 2025 Shift 1 · Military exercises

Q203. VARUNA is a bilateral naval exercise between India and:

  1. (a) the US
  2. (b) South Korea
  3. (c) the UK
  4. (d) France
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) France

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 19 August 2025 Shift 1 · Military aircraft, warships and vehicles

Q204. Which of the following is true about the second frigate of Project 1135.6 named ‘Tavasya’?

  1. (a) It was built in Russia and later transferred to India
  2. (b) It is the first frigate of the follow‑on order
  3. (c) It has a displacement of approximately 4,500 tons
  4. (d) It was launched at Goa Shipyard Limited on 22 March 2025
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) It was launched at Goa Shipyard Limited on 22 March 2025

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 19 August 2025 Shift 1 · Missiles and weapon systems

Q205. Which DRDO-developed missile is India's first indigenous air-launched anti-ship missile?

  1. (a) Astra
  2. (b) BrahMos
  3. (c) Varunastra
  4. (d) NASM-SR
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) NASM-SR

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 19 August 2025 Shift 2 · Missiles and weapon systems

Q206. Which missile defence system, named Sudarshan Chakra, was used by India to intercept drones and missiles during Pakistan’s attempted strikes in May 2025?

  1. (a) Akashteer
  2. (b) Barak 8
  3. (c) Prithvi Air Defence
  4. (d) S-400 Triumf
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) S-400 Triumf

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 14 August 2025 Shift 1 · Missiles and weapon systems

Q207. What is a special feature of the new 'Agni-Prime' missile tested by India in March 2025?

  1. (a) Hits many targets
  2. (b) Launched from submarines
  3. (c) Canister launch and new materials
  4. (d) Cryogenic engine
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Canister launch and new materials

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 11 August 2025 Shift 1 · Science and technology missions and schemes

Q208. What is the primary objective of India's 'Bharat 6G Vision' launched in March 2023?

  1. (a) To replace 5G technology by 2025
  2. (b) To import 6G infrastructure from developed countries
  3. (c) To commercialise 6G services exclusively in urban areas
  4. (d) To establish India as a global leader in 6G technology by 2030
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) To establish India as a global leader in 6G technology by 2030

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 11 August 2025 Shift 2 · Evacuation and humanitarian relief operations

Q209. Which of the following countries launched Operation Brahma for the earthquake in Myanmar?

  1. (a) India
  2. (b) Bhutan
  3. (c) Cambodia
  4. (d) Thailand
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) India

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 8 August 2025 Shift 2 · Launch vehicles and satellites

Q210. In 2025, what does the abbreviation NGLV stand for in ISRO’s latest rocket programme?

  1. (a) Nuclear Geo Launch Vehicle
  2. (b) National Geo Lander Vehicle
  3. (c) New Generation Lunar Vehicle
  4. (d) Next Generation Launch Vehicle
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Next Generation Launch Vehicle

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 8 August 2025 Shift 2 · Indian space missions

Q211. In May 2025, ISRO's Aditya-L1 mission released its first set of scientific data. What is the primary objective of this mission?

  1. (a) Study Mars' atmosphere
  2. (b) Observe the Sun's outermost layer
  3. (c) Explore the Moon's surface
  4. (d) Investigate deep space phenomena
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Observe the Sun's outermost layer

SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 2 August 2025 Shift 3 · Indian space missions

Q212. What is the purpose of DISHA satellites being developed by ISRO?

  1. (a) Telecommunication
  2. (b) Human spaceflight navigation
  3. (c) Studying the Earth's upper atmosphere and space weather
  4. (d) Ocean observation
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Studying the Earth's upper atmosphere and space weather

Correct Answer: Option 3 – Studying the Earth's upper atmosphere and space weather
DISHA (Disturbed and Quiet time Ionosphere-thermosphere System at High Altitude) is a twin-satellite mission by ISRO designed to study the Earth's upper atmosphere (ionosphere and thermosphere) and space weather phenomena. The satellites will study how solar activity affects the ionosphere, which impacts satellite communication and GPS accuracy.
Option 1 (Telecommunication): ISRO's communication satellites are the GSAT series, not DISHA.
Option 2 (Human spaceflight navigation): DISHA is a scientific mission, not for crewed mission navigation.
Option 4 (Ocean observation): ISRO's ocean observation satellites are the Oceansat series, not DISHA.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 2 August 2025 Shift 3 · Indian space missions

Q213. Match the ISRO mission with its primary objective:
1. Chandrayaan-2
2. Aditya-L1
3. Mangalyaan

  1. (a) 1-Sun Study, 2-Lunar Orbiter, 3-Mars Orbit
  2. (b) 1-Lunar Orbiter, 2-Sun Study, 3-Mars Orbit
  3. (c) 1-Mars Orbit, 2-Lunar Orbiter, 3-Sun Study
  4. (d) 1-Sun Study, 2-Mars Orbit, 3-Lunar Orbiter
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) 1-Lunar Orbiter, 2-Sun Study, 3-Mars Orbit

Correct Answer: Option 2 – 1-Lunar Orbiter, 2-Sun Study, 3-Mars Orbit
1. Chandrayaan-2 (2019): India's second lunar exploration mission; its primary objective was Lunar Orbit insertion with an orbiter, lander (Vikram), and rover (Pragyan). Though the lander crashed, the orbiter successfully studies the Moon from lunar orbit. → Lunar Orbiter.
2. Aditya-L1 (2023): India's first dedicated solar mission placed at the Sun-Earth Lagrange Point 1 (L1). Its primary objective is to study the Sun's corona, solar winds, and space weather phenomena. → Sun Study.
3. Mangalyaan / Mars Orbiter Mission (2013): India's first interplanetary mission; placed in Mars orbit to study Martian surface, morphology, and atmosphere. → Mars Orbit.
Options 1, 3, 4 all incorrectly assign objectives to missions and are therefore wrong.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 1 August 2025 Shift 1 · Indian armed forces - structure and ranks

Q214. Fill in the blank:
In 2022, _______ _____ was appointed as India's second 'Chief of Defence Staff.'

  1. (a) Air Marshal Padma Bandopadhyay
  2. (b) Lt. Gen. Madhuri Kanitkar
  3. (c) Admiral Sunil Lanba
  4. (d) General Anil Chauhan
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) General Anil Chauhan

Correct Answer: Option 4 – General Anil Chauhan
General Anil Chauhan was appointed as India's second Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) in September 2022, after the death of India's first CDS, General Bipin Rawat, in a helicopter crash in December 2021.
Option 1 (Air Marshal Padma Bandopadhyay): She was the first woman Air Marshal of the IAF, not CDS.
Option 2 (Lt. Gen. Madhuri Kanitkar): She is a senior military medical officer.
Option 3 (Admiral Sunil Lanba): Former Chief of Naval Staff, not CDS.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 1 August 2025 Shift 1 · Launch vehicles and satellites

Q215. Which Indian satellite provides high-resolution images for monitoring agriculture, forestry, and coastal resources?

  1. (a) RISAT-2
  2. (b) Cartosat-3
  3. (c) GSAT-6
  4. (d) INSAT-4B
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Cartosat-3

Correct Answer: Option 2 – Cartosat-3
Cartosat-3 , launched by ISRO, is a high-resolution Earth observation satellite used for agriculture monitoring, urban planning, forestry assessment, and coastal resource management.
Option 1 (RISAT-2): A radar imaging satellite primarily used for defence and disaster monitoring; not for agriculture/forestry.
Option 3 (GSAT-6): A communication satellite; not used for Earth imaging.
Option 4 (INSAT-4B): Used for communication and weather monitoring; not for high-resolution Earth imaging.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 1 August 2025 Shift 1 · Science and technology missions and schemes

Q216. What is the main purpose of the 'INSPIRE' programme by the Government of India?

  1. (a) Promote science education
  2. (b) Develop nuclear reactors
  3. (c) Advance space technology
  4. (d) Strengthen cybersecurity
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Promote science education

Correct Answer: Option 1 – Promote science education
INSPIRE (Innovation in Science Pursuit for Inspired Research) is a flagship programme by the Department of Science and Technology (DST). It attracts talented youth to study science and pursue careers in research and innovation.
Option 2 (Develop nuclear reactors): Related to BARC/NPCIL, not INSPIRE.
Option 3 (Advance space technology): Related to ISRO, not INSPIRE.
Option 4 (Strengthen cybersecurity): Related to CERT-In/NCSC, not INSPIRE.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 1 August 2025 Shift 2 · Indian space missions

Q217. Where will India's Aditya-L1 mission be placed?

  1. (a) At the Sun-Earth L2 point
  2. (b) At the Sun-Earth L1 point in a halo orbit
  3. (c) At the Earth-Moon L1 point
  4. (d) At the Mars-Sun L1 point
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) At the Sun-Earth L1 point in a halo orbit

Correct Answer: Option 2 – At the Sun-Earth L1 point in a halo orbit
India's Aditya-L1, launched by ISRO in September 2023, is the country's first solar observatory mission. It is placed in a halo orbit around the Sun-Earth Lagrange Point 1 (L1), approximately 1.5 million km from Earth. This position allows continuous, uninterrupted observation of the Sun without any occultation.
Option 1 (L2 point): The Sun-Earth L2 point is on the opposite side of Earth from the Sun; used by missions like JWST and Gaia.
Option 3 (Earth-Moon L1): A Lagrange point between Earth and Moon; not relevant for solar observation.
Option 4 (Mars-Sun L1): This is not a standard mission destination for solar observation.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 1 August 2025 Shift 3 · International space missions and agencies

Q218. What is the purpose of the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) mission?

  1. (a) To study the cosmic microwave background radiation
  2. (b) To provide insights into the sun
  3. (c) To explore the Earth's atmosphere
  4. (d) To monitor the Earth's magnetic field
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) To provide insights into the sun

Correct Answer: Option 2 – To provide insights into the sun
SOHO (Solar and Heliospheric Observatory) is a joint mission by ESA and NASA, launched in 1995 and placed at the Sun-Earth Lagrange Point 1 (L1). Its purpose is to study the Sun's internal structure, outer atmosphere (corona), and solar wind, providing continuous insights into solar activity.
Option 1 (Cosmic microwave background radiation): Studied by missions like COBE, WMAP, and Planck; not SOHO.
Option 3 (Earth's atmosphere): Not SOHO's mission; Earth's atmosphere is studied by dedicated Earth observation satellites.
Option 4 (Earth's magnetic field): Monitored by missions like Swarm/ Magsat ; not SOHO.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 31 July 2025 Shift 1 · Indian space missions

Q219. What is the primary objective of India's Aditya-L1 mission?

  1. (a) Study Earth's atmosphere
  2. (b) Explore Moon's surface
  3. (c) Observe solar activity
  4. (d) Map Mars' surface
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Observe solar activity

Correct Answer: Option 3 – Observe solar activity
Aditya-L1 is India's first space-based solar observatory, launched by ISRO on September 2, 2023, using PSLV-C57. It was placed in a halo orbit around the Sun-Earth Lagrangian Point 1 (L1) — approximately 1.5 million km from Earth — in January 2024. The primary objective is to observe and study the Sun's outermost layer (corona), solar wind, solar flares, coronal mass ejections (CMEs), and the solar magnetic field. It carries seven payloads including VELC (Visible Emission Line Coronagraph), SUIT, and others. Studying solar activity helps understand space weather and its impact on Earth.
Option 1 (Study Earth's atmosphere): Earth's atmosphere is studied by other ISRO missions like EOS/ Resourcesat ; Aditya-L1 focuses on the Sun.
Option 2 (Explore Moon's surface): Chandrayaan missions are India's lunar exploration missions — not Aditya-L1.
Option 4 (Map Mars' surface): Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan) studied Mars — not Aditya-L1.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 31 July 2025 Shift 2 · Indian space missions

Q220. The Bharatiya Antariksh Station (BAS), India's planned space station, is proposed to orbit at what approximate altitude above the Earth's surface?

  1. (a) 200–250 km
  2. (b) 400–450 km
  3. (c) 600–650 km
  4. (d) 850–900 km
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) 400–450 km

Correct Answer: Option 2 – 400–450 km
The Bharatiya Antariksh Station (BAS) — India's planned indigenous space station — is proposed to be established at an altitude of approximately 400–450 km above the Earth's surface. ISRO aims to have BAS operational by 2035. The station will be built in phases, with the first module expected to be launched around 2028. For context, the International Space Station (ISS) orbits at approximately 400–420 km altitude, and the Chinese Tiangong station orbits at approximately 340–450 km. The 400–450 km range is optimal for Low Earth Orbit (LEO) space stations — high enough to avoid excessive atmospheric drag but low enough for regular resupply missions.
Option 1 (200–250 km): Too low — at this altitude, significant atmospheric drag would cause the station to deorbit quickly.
Option 3 (600–650 km): Higher than the standard operational altitude for space stations; increased radiation exposure.
Option 4 (850–900 km): This is within the Van Allen radiation belt region — too high and too hazardous for a crewed space station.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 31 July 2025 Shift 3 · Launch vehicles and satellites

Q221. Which is the first private company to launch a rocket into space in India?

  1. (a) Skyroot Aerospace
  2. (b) Bellatrix Aerospace
  3. (c) Agnikul Cosmos
  4. (d) Pixxel
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Skyroot Aerospace

Correct Answer: Option 1 – Skyroot Aerospace
Skyroot Aerospace, a Hyderabad-based startup, became the first Indian private company to launch a rocket into space. On November 18, 2022, Skyroot successfully launched its Vikram-S rocket from the Sriharikota spaceport (SDSC-SHAR) under ISRO's IN- SPACe (Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre) framework — the mission was named 'Prarambh' (meaning 'beginning'). The sub-orbital rocket reached an altitude of approximately 89.5 km, crossing the Karman line threshold. This was a landmark moment for India's private space sector.
Option 2 (Bellatrix Aerospace): An Indian space propulsion startup working on electric and green propulsion systems — has not launched a rocket into space as of this context.
Option 3 ( Agnikul Cosmos): A Chennai-based startup that successfully launched its Agnibaan SOrTeD rocket (world's first single-piece 3D printed rocket engine) in May 2024 — after Skyroot's November 2022 milestone.
Option 4 ( Pixxel ): An earth-observation satellite startup — not a rocket launch company.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 30 July 2025 Shift 1 · Indian space missions

Q222. Which recent ISRO mission aims to explore the Sun-Earth Lagrange Point (L1)?

  1. (a) Aditya-L1
  2. (b) Chandrayaan-4
  3. (c) Mangalyaan-2
  4. (d) Astrosat-2
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Aditya-L1

Correct Answer: Option 1 – Aditya-L1
Aditya-L1 is India's first solar observatory mission, launched by ISRO on September 2, 2023 using PSLV-C57. It was placed in a halo orbit around the Sun-Earth Lagrange Point 1 (L1) — approximately 1.5 million km from Earth. From this vantage point, Aditya-L1 can continuously observe the Sun without any occultation/eclipse. Its seven payloads study the solar corona, solar wind, solar flares, coronal mass ejections (CMEs), and space weather. India became the 5th country to reach L1.
Option 2 (Chandrayaan-4): India's planned lunar sample return mission — targets the Moon, not L1.
Option 3 (Mangalyaan-2): India's planned second Mars mission — targets Mars, not the Sun-Earth L1.
Option 4 (Astrosat-2): Astrosat (not Astrosat-2) was India's first dedicated multi-wavelength space observatory launched in 2015 in low Earth orbit — not positioned at L1 and not a solar mission.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 30 July 2025 Shift 2 · Launch vehicles and satellites

Q223. Assertion (A): India launched the South Asian Satellite (SAS) in 2017 for use by SAARC nations.
Reason (R): The SAS was launched from the Sriharikota spaceport, and its terminals were installed in all SAARC countries.

  1. (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  2. (b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
  3. (c) A is true, but R is false.
  4. (d) A is false, but R is true.
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) A is true, but R is false.

Correct Answer: Option 3 – A is true, but R is false
Assertion (A) is TRUE: India launched the South Asian Satellite (GSAT-9) on May 5, 2017 from Sriharikota using GSLV-F09 as a 'gift' from India to its South Asian neighbours. The satellite provides communication and disaster management services to SAARC member nations (though Pakistan declined participation).
Reason (R) is FALSE: While the SAS was indeed launched from Sriharikota (this part is correct), the terminals were NOT installed in ALL SAARC countries. Pakistan declined India's offer and was not a beneficiary. The satellite serves Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal, and Sri Lanka — six of the eight SAARC members. Since R contains an incorrect claim (terminals in ALL SAARC countries), R is false as stated.
Therefore: A is true, R is false = Option C.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 29 July 2025 Shift 1 · Indian space missions

Q224. Which mission by ISRO aims to explore Venus and study its atmosphere?

  1. (a) Shukrayaan-1
  2. (b) Mangalyaan-2
  3. (c) Gaganyaan
  4. (d) Chandrayaan-4
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Shukrayaan-1

Correct Answer: Option 1 – Shukrayaan-1
Shukrayaan-1 is India's planned orbiter mission to Venus (Shukra = Venus in Sanskrit). ISRO's Shukrayaan-1 aims to study Venus's surface geology, volcanic activity, atmospheric chemistry, cloud structure, solar wind interaction, and the thick CO₂-SO₂ atmosphere. The mission, planned for launch around 2028, will complement ESA's EnVision and NASA's DAVINCI+/VERITAS missions to Venus.
Option 2 (Mangalyaan-2): India's second Mars mission (Mars Orbiter Mission 2), planned for the future; targets Mars, not Venus.
Option 3 (Gaganyaan): India's first crewed spaceflight programme — aims to send Indian astronauts (Gaganauts) to low Earth orbit. Not a planetary science mission.
Option 4 (Chandrayaan-4): India's planned lunar sample return mission; targets the Moon, not Venus.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 29 July 2025 Shift 1 · Science and technology missions and schemes

Q225. Which Indian mission focuses on generating clean energy from hydrogen fuel?

  1. (a) National Solar Mission
  2. (b) National Green Hydrogen Mission
  3. (c) National Green Energy Project
  4. (d) National Wind Energy Mission
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) National Green Hydrogen Mission

Correct Answer: Option 2 – National Green Hydrogen Mission
The National Green Hydrogen Mission was approved by the Union Cabinet on January 4, 2023 with an outlay of ₹19,744 crore. It aims to make India a global hub for production, usage, and export of Green Hydrogen and Green Ammonia. Green Hydrogen is produced by electrolyzing water using renewable energy (solar/wind), making it a clean fuel with zero carbon emissions. The mission targets 5 million metric tonnes (MMT) of Green Hydrogen production per annum by 2030 and ₹8 lakh crore of investment.
Option 1 (National Solar Mission): Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM) focuses on solar power generation and installation of solar panels; not specifically hydrogen.
Option 3 (National Green Energy Project): Not a specific official mission name; a distractor.
Option 4 (National Wind Energy Mission): Wind energy is under the National Wind-Solar Hybrid Policy; there is no separate 'National Wind Energy Mission' — and it does not specifically target hydrogen fuel.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 29 July 2025 Shift 3 · Launch vehicles and satellites

Q226. Which of these missions will put India among the select few nations having technology for reusable launch vehicles?

  1. (a) RLV-LEX
  2. (b) SPOT-7
  3. (c) PSLV-C58
  4. (d) RISAT-2
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) RLV-LEX

Correct Answer: Option 1 – RLV-LEX
ISRO's Reusable Launch Vehicle Landing Experiment (RLV-LEX) demonstrated autonomous runway landing of a winged reusable vehicle, making India one of the very few countries (alongside the USA and Russia) with this technology. RLV-LEX-02 was successfully conducted on April 2, 2023 at Aeronautical Test Range (ATR), Chitradurga , Karnataka. The RLV (Pushpak) autonomously landed on a runway after being released from a helicopter at altitude — validating critical guidance, navigation, and control technologies for future reusable space launch vehicles.
Option 2 (SPOT-7): A French commercial Earth observation satellite; not an Indian reusable launch vehicle mission.
Option 3 (PSLV-C58): A standard expendable Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle mission (carried XPoSat, X-ray Polarimeter Satellite, in January 2024); not a reusable launch vehicle experiment.
Option 4 (RISAT-2): Radar Imaging Satellite — an Earth observation/surveillance satellite launched in 2009; not related to reusable launch vehicle technology.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 28 July 2025 Shift 1 · Indian space missions

Q227. Fill in the blank:
The Gaganyaan mission is a three-day mission that aims to send ______ astronauts into space.

  1. (a) Two
  2. (b) Four
  3. (c) Three
  4. (d) Five
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Three

Correct Answer: Option 3 – Three
India's Gaganyaan mission by ISRO is designed as a three-day crewed spaceflight mission that aims to send a crew of three Indian astronauts ( Gaganauts ) to low-Earth orbit at approximately 400 km altitude and safely return them to Earth. Four astronauts have been trained (including Prashanth Balakrishnan Nair, Angad Pratap, Ajit Krishnan, and S. Shukla), from which three are selected for the mission.
Option 1 (Two): Incorrect — Gaganyaan is designed for a 3-member crew.
Option 2 (Four): Four astronauts were trained as candidates, but the actual crew size per mission is three.
Option 4 (Five): Incorrect — the planned crew is three astronauts.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 28 July 2025 Shift 3 · Launch vehicles and satellites

Q228. How does India's space technology contribute to national development goals such as disaster management and agriculture?

  1. (a) By using satellite data for weather forecasting, crop monitoring, and resource mapping
  2. (b) Through manned missions to collect physical data
  3. (c) Via real-time social media alerts during emergencies
  4. (d) Through laser-based ground scanning from space stations
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) By using satellite data for weather forecasting, crop monitoring, and resource mapping

Correct Answer: Option 1 – By using satellite data for weather forecasting, crop monitoring, and resource mapping
ISRO's satellites contribute to national development through: (a) Disaster Management — RISAT, Cartosat, and INSAT satellites provide early warnings for cyclones, floods, droughts, and earthquakes; NDMA uses satellite imagery for relief operations; (b) Agriculture — Resourcesat and LISS sensors monitor crop health, estimate acreage, detect pest outbreaks, and support the Fasal Bima Yojana (crop insurance); (c) Resource mapping — National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC) maps groundwater, forests, land use, and minerals using satellite data.
Option 2 (Manned missions for physical data): India's manned missions (Gaganyaan) are for scientific research and national prestige, not for collecting agricultural or disaster management data.
Option 3 (Social media alerts): Social media platforms are managed by private companies; ISRO does not operate social media alert systems.
Option 4 (Laser-based ground scanning from space stations): India does not have a space station; this technology description does not apply to India's operational space applications.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 26 July 2025 Shift 1 · Indian space missions

Q229. What is the name of India's space observatory that was launched to study celestial phenomena such as black holes?

  1. (a) Mangalyaan
  2. (b) AstroSat
  3. (c) Chandrayaan-2
  4. (d) RISAT-1
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) AstroSat

Correct Answer: Option 2 – AstroSat
AstroSat, launched on September 28, 2015 by ISRO aboard PSLV-C30, is India's first dedicated multi-wavelength space observatory. It studies celestial sources in X-ray, UV, and optical wavelengths simultaneously. AstroSat is designed to study black holes, neutron stars, active galactic nuclei, stellar coronae, binary star systems, and other high-energy astrophysical phenomena. It has made significant observations of black hole X-ray binaries and neutron stars.
Option 1 (Mangalyaan): India's Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), launched 2013; studies Mars atmosphere and surface, not black holes.
Option 3 (Chandrayaan-2): India's second lunar mission (2019); a Moon orbiter/lander/rover, not a space observatory for black holes.
Option 4 (RISAT-1): A radar imaging satellite for Earth observation (agriculture, disaster management); not a space observatory.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 26 July 2025 Shift 3 · Indian space missions

Q230. Which of the following is the CORRECT objective of ISRO's Gaganyaan mission scheduled for launch in 2025?

  1. (a) Establishing a permanent space station
  2. (b) Sending Indian astronauts into low-Earth orbit
  3. (c) Sending an unmanned rover to the Moon
  4. (d) Launching a solar probe to study the Sun
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Sending Indian astronauts into low-Earth orbit

Correct Answer: Option 2 – Sending Indian astronauts into low-Earth orbit
Gaganyaan is India's first crewed human spaceflight mission by ISRO. Its objective is to demonstrate indigenous human spaceflight capability by sending Indian astronauts ( Gaganauts ) to low-Earth orbit (approximately 400 km altitude) for a 3-day mission and safely returning them to Earth. It will make India the fourth nation (after USSR/Russia, USA, and China) to independently launch humans to space.
Option 1 (Permanent space station): India plans a Bharatiya Antariksha Station by 2035, which is a separate future programme ; Gaganyaan is an orbital crewed mission.
Option 3 (Unmanned Moon rover): Lunar rover missions fall under Chandrayaan programme ; Gaganyaan is a human orbital mission.
Option 4 (Solar probe): India's Aditya-L1 is the solar mission (launched 2023); unrelated to Gaganyaan .
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 25 July 2025 Shift 1 · Launch vehicles and satellites

Q231. What is the name of India's reusable launch vehicle currently being developed by ISRO?

  1. (a) PSLV-R
  2. (b) GSLV-X
  3. (c) RLV-TD
  4. (d) MLV-1
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) RLV-TD

Correct Answer: Option 3 – RLV-TD
RLV-TD (Reusable Launch Vehicle – Technology Demonstrator) is ISRO's programme to develop a reusable space launch vehicle (space plane). It is a scaled-down prototype of a future fully reusable two- stage-to-orbit (TSTO) launch vehicle. ISRO has successfully conducted multiple RLV landing experiments (LEX) including LEX-01 (April 2023) and LEX-02 (March 2024) in Chitradurga, Karnataka.
Option 1 (PSLV-R): Not a real ISRO designation; PSLV (Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle) is ISRO's workhorse rocket, not a reusable vehicle.
Option 2 (GSLV-X): Not a real designation; GSLV is ISRO's heavier launch vehicle, not categorized as a reusable vehicle under this name.
Option 4 (MLV-1): Not an ISRO launch vehicle designation.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 25 July 2025 Shift 2 · Indian space missions

Q232. One of the key objectives of India's Venus Orbiter Mission (VOM) is to study the _____ and surface topography of Venus.

  1. (a) magnetic field
  2. (b) airglow and atmospheric dust
  3. (c) asteroid belt
  4. (d) Temperature
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) airglow and atmospheric dust

Correct Answer: Option 2 – airglow and atmospheric dust
India's Venus Orbiter Mission (VOM), also called Shukrayaan-1, is planned by ISRO to study Venus's atmosphere, surface, and near-space environment. Key scientific objectives include studying the Venusian atmosphere (clouds, winds, airglow), atmospheric dust, surface topography using SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar), sub-surface features, and the interaction of Venus with the solar wind.
Option 1 (Magnetic field): Venus has no intrinsic magnetic field; while its induced magnetosphere may be studied, this is not the primary stated objective involving 'surface topography.'
Option 3 (Asteroid belt): The asteroid belt is between Mars and Jupiter; VOM is a Venus mission, not an asteroid mission.
Option 4 (Temperature): Temperature data may be collected, but the specific pairing with 'surface topography' in the mission objectives refers to airglow and atmospheric dust.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 25 July 2025 Shift 3 · Indian space missions

Q233. Which of the following is the CORRECT objective of ISRO's Gaganyaan mission scheduled for launch in 2025?

  1. (a) Establishing a permanent space station
  2. (b) Sending Indian astronauts into low-Earth orbit
  3. (c) Sending an unmanned rover to the Moon
  4. (d) Launching a solar probe to study the Sun
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Sending Indian astronauts into low-Earth orbit

Correct Answer: Option 2 – Sending Indian astronauts into low-Earth orbit
Gaganyaan is India's first human spaceflight programme by ISRO. Its objective is to demonstrate India's human spaceflight capability by sending a crew of Indian astronauts ( Gaganauts ) to low-Earth orbit (LEO) at approximately 400 km altitude for 3 days, and safely returning them to Earth. It will make India only the fourth nation (after Russia/USSR, USA, and China) to independently conduct a crewed space mission.
Option 1 (Permanent space station): India has plans for a space station ( Bharatiya Antariksha Station) by 2035, but Gaganyaan itself is not for establishing a permanent station.
Option 3 (Unmanned rover to Moon): Lunar rover missions are under Chandrayaan programme ; Gaganyaan is a human orbital mission.
Option 4 (Solar probe): India's solar mission is Aditya-L1 (launched 2023); not related to Gaganyaan .
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 24 July 2025 Shift 3 · Indian space missions

Q234. Match the Aditya-L1 mission payloads with their corresponding measurement objectives:
1) VELC 2) SUIT 3) SoLEXS 4) ASPEX
A. UV Imaging B. X-ray Spectroscopy C. Solar Wind/Particles D. Corona Imaging

  1. (a) 1→UV imaging, 2→X-rays, 3→Particles, 4→Corona
  2. (b) 1→Corona, 2→Chromosphere, 3→X-rays, 4→Particles
  3. (c) 1→Corona imaging, 2→UV imaging, 3→X-rays, 4→Solar wind
  4. (d) 1→Corona imaging, 2→UV imaging, 3→Solar wind, 4→X-rays
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) 1→Corona imaging, 2→UV imaging, 3→X-rays, 4→Solar wind

Correct Answer: Option 3 – 1→Corona imaging, 2→UV imaging, 3→X-rays, 4→Solar wind
VELC (Visible Emission Line Coronagraph) → Corona Imaging: Studies the Sun's corona and solar wind by imaging the corona continuously.
SUIT (Solar Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope) → UV Imaging: Images the solar photosphere and chromosphere in near-UV and UV wavelengths.
SoLEXS (Solar Low Energy X-ray Spectrometer) → X-ray Spectroscopy: Monitors solar X-ray flares for early warning of space weather events.
ASPEX (Aditya Solar wind Particle EXperiment ) → Solar Wind/Particles: Studies the solar wind and energetic ions.
Options A, B, D all incorrectly assign objectives and are therefore wrong.
RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2024-25 – 21 June 2025 Shift 1 · Evacuation and humanitarian relief operations

Q235. What was the name of India's humanitarian mission to provide assistance to Myanmar after the earthquake in March 2025?

  1. (a) Operation Dost
  2. (b) Operation Maitri
  3. (c) Operation Rahat
  4. (d) Operation Brahma
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Operation Brahma

RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2024-25 – 20 June 2025 Shift 1 · Launch vehicles and satellites

Q236. What is the primary purpose of the semi-cryogenic engine of ISRO in 2025?

  1. (a) To power the upper stage of the Launch Vehicle Mark-3 (LVM3)
  2. (b) To power the main stage of the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV)
  3. (c) To power the semi-cryogenic booster stage of the Launch Vehicle Mark-3 (LVM3)
  4. (d) To power the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV)
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) To power the semi-cryogenic booster stage of the Launch Vehicle Mark-3 (LVM3)

RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2024-25 – 20 June 2025 Shift 2 · Evacuation and humanitarian relief operations

Q237. Consider the following statements regarding the MEDEVAC operation conducted by Indian maritime forces in March 2025.
1. The Indian Navy evacuated injured crew members from MV Heilan Star, located in west of Goa.
2. A Sea King helicopter from INS Vikrant airlifted three injured crew members, including two Chinese and one Indonesian national.
3. The Indian Navy and Indian Air Force jointly coordinated the operation.
4. The rescued crew were flown to INS Hansa, Goa, for onward transfer to a civil hospital.
Which of the above statements are correct?

  1. (a) Only 1, 2 and 3
  2. (b) Only 1 and 3
  3. (c) Only 1, 2 and 4
  4. (d) Only 2 and 4
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Only 1, 2 and 4

RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2024-25 – 19 June 2025 Shift 3 · Evacuation and humanitarian relief operations

Q238. Consider the following statements regarding Operation Brahma, launched in March 2025.
The operation was launched by the Government of India to assist Myanmar and Thailand after a major earthquake. Indian Navy ships Satpura and Savitri from the Eastern Naval Command sailed for Yangon with relief material. The Indian Army deployed a 118-member medical task force from the Shatrujeet Brigade as part of the relief efforts. A 60-bed Medical Treatment Centre was set up by the Indian Army in Thailand for trauma and emergency care.Which of the above statements are correct?

  1. (a) Only 1 and 4
  2. (b) Only 2 and 3
  3. (c) 1, 2, 3 and 4
  4. (d) Only 1, 2 and 3
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Only 1, 2 and 3

RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2024-25 – 13 June 2025 Shift 3 · Indian armed forces - structure and ranks

Q239. Where is the Indian naval air station INS Baaz located?

  1. (a) Minicoy Island
  2. (b) Little Andaman Island
  3. (c) Car Nicobar Island
  4. (d) Great Nicobar Island
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Great Nicobar Island

RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2024-25 – 12 June 2025 Shift 2 · Evacuation and humanitarian relief operations

Q240. In March 2025, India launched 'Operation Brahma' in response to which event?

  1. (a) A volcanic eruption in the Andaman Islands
  2. (b) A major flood in northeastern India
  3. (c) A cyclone affecting the eastern coast of India
  4. (d) A devastating earthquake in Myanmar
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) A devastating earthquake in Myanmar

RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2024-25 – 12 June 2025 Shift 2 · Science and technology missions and schemes

Q241. Samudrayaan, scheduled for 2026, involves which of the following?

  1. (a) Launching underwater satellites
  2. (b) Testing ocean-based launch platforms
  3. (c) Deep-sea mining using robots
  4. (d) Sending scientists 6,000 meters underwater
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Sending scientists 6,000 meters underwater

RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2024-25 – 6 June 2025 Shift 3 · Military aircraft, warships and vehicles

Q242. What is the name of the Medium Altitude Long Endurance (MALE) drone discussed at the Drone Industry Conclave 2025?

  1. (a) VARUNA
  2. (b) RUSTOM
  3. (c) NISAR
  4. (d) TAPAS
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) TAPAS

RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2024-25 – 6 June 2025 Shift 1 · Evacuation and humanitarian relief operations

Q243. What type of assistance is being provided by India to Myanmar under Operation Brahma 2025?

  1. (a) Disaster relief material, humanitarian assistance, search & rescue teams
  2. (b) Only medical assistance
  3. (c) Only financial assistance
  4. (d) Only food supplies
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Disaster relief material, humanitarian assistance, search & rescue teams

RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2024-25 – 5 June 2025 Shift 1 · Indian space missions

Q244. What is the primary objective of the Chandra's Surface Thermophysical Experiment (ChaSTE), 2025, payload?

  1. (a) To measure the Moon's atmospheric pressure
  2. (b) To study the Moon's magnetic field
  3. (c) To assess the Moon's geological composition
  4. (d) To measure the vertical temperature profile of the lunar regolith
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) To measure the vertical temperature profile of the lunar regolith

RRB JE CBT-1 2024-25 – 18 December 2024 Shift 1 · Launch vehicles and satellites

Q245. When was the Indian Remote Sensing Satellite System (IRS) established?

  1. (a) 1959
  2. (b) 1983
  3. (c) 1972
  4. (d) 1988
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) 1988

Answer: Option 4 — 1988
The Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellite system began with IRS-1A, launched on 17 March 1988.
It was launched from Baikonur (then USSR) on a Soviet Vostok rocket.
Revision note — India's remote sensing satellites
• Bhaskara-I (1979) was India's first experimental earth-observation satellite; IRS-1A (1988) was the first operational one.
• The IRS system is one of the largest civilian remote sensing constellations in the world.
• Data is received and distributed by the National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), Hyderabad.
• Uses: crop estimation, forest cover, drought and flood monitoring, groundwater mapping, urban planning.
• Later series: Resourcesat, Cartosat (mapping), Oceansat (oceans), RISAT (radar imaging); now named EOS.
• IRS satellites are placed in Sun-synchronous polar orbit, mostly by PSLV.
Do not mix these up
• 1972 is when the Department of Space and Space Commission were set up; 1969 is ISRO's founding — not the IRS.
Also asked from this topic: the agency that manages satellite remote sensing for environmental study (ISRO, through NRSC); the orbit PSLV mainly uses (polar orbit).
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