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Space, Defence and Technology PYQs – Static GK, SSC & Railway

245 Space, Defence and Technology (Static GK) questions asked in recent SSC and Railway exams, newest first, with exam, date & shift, answers and solutions – page 2 of 3.

📚 245 questionsSSC 206 · Railway 39
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Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 23 December 2025 Shift 1 · Science and technology missions and schemes

Q101. The 2025 update on Vigyan Dhara mentions that beneficiaries include young students aged 10-15 years. Under which specific component does it promote innovation and early interest in science?

  1. (a) INSPIRE-Fellowship
  2. (b) INSPIRE-SHE
  3. (c) INSPIRE-MANAK
  4. (d) INSPIRE-Faculty
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) INSPIRE-MANAK

The correct answer is INSPIRE-MANAK (Option 3).
INSPIRE-MANAK (Million Minds Augmenting National Aspirations and Knowledge) is a component under the INSPIRE scheme (Vigyan Dhara update) targeting students aged 10-15 years. It promotes innovation and early interest in science by recognizing and nurturing young scientific ideas.
Option 1 - INSPIRE-Fellowship: Targets doctoral research students (post-graduate level) pursuing basic and natural sciences; not for 10-15 year olds .
Option 2 - INSPIRE-SHE (Scholarship for Higher Education): Targets college students (17-22 years) pursuing basic and natural sciences; not for 10-15 year olds .
Option 4 - INSPIRE-Faculty: Provides research fellowships to young scientists and technologists for independent research positions; not for 10-15 year old students.
Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 23 December 2025 Shift 3 · Nuclear programme and institutions

Q102. The Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) was set up under the direct charge of the Prime Minister through a Presidential Order on August 3, 1954. Who took charge as Secretary to the Government of India, Department of Atomic Energy on May 03, 2023?

  1. (a) Dr. R. Chidambaram
  2. (b) Dr. Anil Kakodkar
  3. (c) Dr. Ajit Kumar Mohanty
  4. (d) Dr. Sekhar Basu
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Dr. Ajit Kumar Mohanty

The correct answer is Dr. Ajit Kumar Mohanty (Option 3).
Dr. Ajit Kumar Mohanty took charge as Secretary to the Government of India, Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), on May 3, 2023. He simultaneously served as Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) of India. He is a distinguished nuclear physicist.
Option 1 - Dr. R. Chidambaram: Dr. R. Chidambaram served as Chairman of AEC and Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government of India in an earlier period, not in the May 2023 appointment.
Option 2 - Dr. Anil Kakodkar: Dr. Anil Kakodkar served as Chairman of AEC and Secretary of DAE from 2000 to 2009, a much earlier period.
Option 4 - Dr. Sekhar Basu: Dr. Sekhar Basu served as Chairman of AEC and Secretary of DAE from 2012 to 2018, not in 2023.
Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 22 December 2025 Shift 3 · Science and technology missions and schemes

Q103. The 'Atal Innovation Mission' (AIM) is a flagship initiative to promote what in the country?

  1. (a) Sports and games
  2. (b) Innovation and entrepreneurship
  3. (c) Tourism
  4. (d) Traditional arts
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Innovation and entrepreneurship

The correct answer is Innovation and entrepreneurship (Option 2).
The Atal Innovation Mission (AIM), established under NITI Aayog, is India's flagship initiative to promote innovation and entrepreneurship. It operates through Atal Tinkering Labs (ATLs) in schools and Atal Incubation Centres (AICs) for startups.
Option 1 - Sports and games: Promoted by schemes like Khelo India and the Sports Authority of India (SAI), not AIM.
Option 3 - Tourism: Promoted by the Ministry of Tourism through schemes like Swadesh Darshan and PRASHAD.
Option 4 - Traditional arts: Supported by organizations like Sangeet Natak Akademi and Lalit Kala Akademi, not AIM.
Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 22 December 2025 Shift 3 · Indian space missions

Q104. Which mission marks India's first dedicated solar observatory launched by ISRO?

  1. (a) Chandrayaan-3
  2. (b) Aditya-L1
  3. (c) Mars Orbiter Mission
  4. (d) INSAT-3DS
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Aditya-L1

The correct answer is Aditya-L1 (Option 2).
Aditya-L1 is India's first dedicated solar observatory mission, launched by ISRO on September 2, 2023. It was placed at the Sun-Earth Lagrange Point 1 (L1) to study the Sun's corona, solar winds, and space weather phenomena.
Option 1 - Chandrayaan-3: India's third lunar exploration mission, which successfully landed on the Moon's south pole in August 2023; it is a lunar mission, not a solar observatory.
Option 3 - Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan): India's first interplanetary mission, launched in 2013 to orbit Mars; not a solar observatory.
Option 4 - INSAT-3DS: A meteorological satellite launched to monitor weather and climate over the Indian subcontinent; not a solar observatory.
Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 20 December 2025 Shift 2 · Science and technology missions and schemes

Q105. Under the Vigyan Dhara initiative, the INSPIRE-MANAK component is primarily designed to achieve which of the following objectives?

  1. (a) Train students for engineering entrance exams
  2. (b) Attract young students toward science and research
  3. (c) Prepare students exclusively for international science fairs
  4. (d) Promote sports and physical education
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Attract young students toward science and research

INSPIRE-MANAK (Million Minds Augmenting National Aspiration and Knowledge), under the Vigyan Dhara initiative (formerly INSPIRE scheme by DST), is primarily designed to attract and retain young talent among students of Classes 6-10 towards science and research, encouraging them to identify innovative solutions to societal problems. Option 2 is correct.
Option 1 is wrong: Training students for engineering entrance exams (JEE, etc.) is the purpose of coaching institutes and specific training programs; INSPIRE-MANAK focuses on nurturing scientific curiosity and innovation, not entrance exam preparation.
Option 3 is wrong: While INSPIRE-MANAK winners may represent India at international fairs, the programme is not designed exclusively for international science fair preparation; its broader goal is attracting students to science and research.
Option 4 is wrong: Promoting sports and physical education is the mandate of the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports and schemes like Khelo India; the Vigyan Dhara/INSPIRE-MANAK initiative is focused exclusively on science, technology, and innovation.
Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 18 December 2025 Shift 1 · ISRO - history and centres

Q106. Who was the first Indian scientist to launch India's space program?

  1. (a) Vikram Sarabhai
  2. (b) Homi Bhabha
  3. (c) Satyendra Nath Bose
  4. (d) Srinivasa Ramanujan
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Vikram Sarabhai

Dr. Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai is regarded as the Father of the Indian Space Programme. He established the Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) in Ahmedabad in 1947 and was instrumental in setting up ISRO's predecessor, INCOSPAR. He convinced the Indian government of the importance of a space programme for a developing nation.
Option (b) is incorrect: Dr. Homi J. Bhabha is known as the Father of India's Nuclear Programme, not the space programme.
Option (c) is incorrect: Satyendra Nath Bose was a renowned theoretical physicist known for Bose-Einstein statistics; he had no direct role in the space programme.
Option (d) is incorrect: Srinivasa Ramanujan was a legendary mathematician known for his contributions to number theory; he had no connection to India's space programme.
SSC CPO Paper-1 2025 – 12 December 2025 Shift 1 · Launch vehicles and satellites

Q107. What is the benefit of the NavIC system?

  1. (a) Provides global internet services
  2. (b) Detects earthquakes before they occur
  3. (c) Offers regional navigation and positioning services
  4. (d) Enables high-resolution space photography
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Offers regional navigation and positioning services

Correct Answer: Offers regional navigation and positioning services (Option 3)
NavIC (Navigation with Indian Constellation), formerly known as IRNSS (Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System), is ISRO's own navigation system. It provides accurate position, navigation, and timing (PNT) services to users across India and up to 1,500 km beyond its borders. NavIC is used for land/sea/air navigation, precision agriculture, disaster management, and vehicle tracking.
It does NOT provide global internet services — that is the domain of satellite internet providers like Starlink.
It cannot detect earthquakes before they occur — that would require seismic sensors.
High-resolution space photography is the function of earth observation/remote sensing satellites, not navigation systems.
SSC CPO Paper-1 2025 – 12 December 2025 Shift 1 · Indian space missions

Q108. Fill in the blank:
RAMBHA-LP onboard Chandrayaan-3 is designed to probe lunar _____.

  1. (a) Plasma
  2. (b) Gravity
  3. (c) Photons
  4. (d) Neutrons
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Plasma

Correct Answer: Plasma (Option 1)
RAMBHA-LP stands for Radio Anatomy of Moon Bound Hypersensitive ionosphere and Atmosphere – Langmuir Probe. It is one of the scientific instruments onboard the Vikram lander of Chandrayaan-3 (India's third lunar mission). RAMBHA-LP is designed to measure the density and temporal changes of near-surface lunar plasma environment.
Gravity measurement on the Moon would require gravimeters, not RAMBHA-LP.
Photons and Neutrons are measured by different scientific instruments — not RAMBHA-LP.
The Langmuir probe specifically is designed for plasma environment characterization.
SSC CPO Paper-1 2025 – 11 December 2025 Shift 1 · Launch vehicles and satellites

Q109. Evaluate the following statements related to reusable launch vehicles (RLVs):
Statement 1: RLVs are being explored primarily to enhance launch efficiency and reduce the recurring cost of satellite deployment.
Statement 2: The development of RLVs increases operational complexity, making them less viable compared to traditional expendable systems.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

  1. (a) Only Statement 1 is correct
  2. (b) Only Statement 2 is correct
  3. (c) Both 1 and 2 are correct
  4. (d) Neither 1 nor 2 are correct
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Only Statement 1 is correct

Correct Answer: Only Statement 1 is correct (Option 1)
Statement 1 is CORRECT: Reusable Launch Vehicles (RLVs) such as SpaceX's Falcon 9 and ISRO's RLV-TD are developed to significantly reduce the per-launch cost by reusing rocket components (especially first stages), thereby enhancing launch efficiency and reducing recurring satellite deployment costs.
Statement 2 is INCORRECT: While RLVs do involve higher upfront development costs and require refurbishment between launches, they are NOT considered less viable compared to expendable systems. In fact, reusability has proven to dramatically reduce per-launch costs (SpaceX has demonstrated this). The operational complexity is manageable and does not make RLVs less viable.
SSC CPO Paper-1 2025 – 11 December 2025 Shift 2 · Launch vehicles and satellites

Q110. What was the key purpose of the DS-SAR satellite launched aboard PSLV-C56 on July 30, 2023?

  1. (a) For TV broadcasting in Southeast Asia
  2. (b) For SAR imaging for Singapore's govt and clients
  3. (c) For asteroid exploration beyond Mars
  4. (d) For measuring upper stratosphere gases
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) For SAR imaging for Singapore's govt and clients

Correct Answer: For SAR imaging for Singapore's govt and clients (Option 2)
The DS-SAR satellite was launched by ISRO on PSLV-C56 on July 30, 2023. It is a commercial satellite belonging to ST Engineering (Singapore), developed under a partnership with Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI). Its primary purpose is to provide Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging services for the Singapore government and commercial clients. SAR imaging can capture high-resolution images regardless of cloud cover or lighting conditions.
DS-SAR was not for TV broadcasting, asteroid exploration, or atmospheric gas measurement.
SSC CPO Paper-1 2025 – 10 December 2025 Shift 2 · Indian space missions

Q111. The TV-D1 test flight validated which system for the Gaganyaan mission?

  1. (a) RCS
  2. (b) LRA
  3. (c) CES
  4. (d) APXS
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) CES

Correct Answer: CES
The TV-D1 (Test Vehicle-D1) mission, launched by ISRO in October 2023, was a critical abort mission test for the Gaganyaan human spaceflight programme. It validated the Crew Escape System (CES) — the emergency escape mechanism that can pull the crew module away from the rocket in case of failure during launch. The test was successful.
Option 1 (RCS): Incorrect. RCS is the Reaction Control System for maneuvering in space.
Option 2 (LRA): Incorrect. Not the system validated by TV-D1.
Option 4 (APXS): Incorrect. APXS is a scientific instrument on planetary rovers.
SSC CPO Paper-1 2025 – 10 December 2025 Shift 2 · Indian space missions

Q112. What is the primary function of the Solar Wind Ion Spectrometer (SWIS), included in the ASPEX payload on Aditya-L1?

  1. (a) Records UV imagery of solar flare activity
  2. (b) Monitors tremors and vibrations on the solar surface
  3. (c) Observes changes in the Earth's geomagnetic field
  4. (d) Detects directional flow of solar wind protons and helium nuclei
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Detects directional flow of solar wind protons and helium nuclei

Correct Answer: Detects directional flow of solar wind protons and helium nuclei
The ASPEX (Aditya Solar Wind Particle EXperiment ) payload on Aditya-L1 includes the Solar Wind Ion Spectrometer (SWIS). Its primary function is to study the solar wind — specifically, detecting and measuring the directional flow, energy, and composition of solar wind protons and alpha particles (helium nuclei) in the interplanetary medium near L1.
Option 1: Incorrect. UV imagery is done by SUIT (Solar Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope) on Aditya-L1.
Option 2: Incorrect. Solar surface tremors are studied by helioseismology instruments.
Option 3: Incorrect. Earth's geomagnetic field is monitored by ground-based and other satellites.
SSC CPO Paper-1 2025 – 9 December 2025 Shift 2 · Indian space missions

Q113. At which Lagrange point does the Aditya-L1 spacecraft orbit?

  1. (a) L1
  2. (b) L2
  3. (c) GEO
  4. (d) SSO
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) L1

Correct Answer: L1
Aditya-L1 is India's first solar observatory mission launched by ISRO on September 2, 2023. It orbits around the Sun-Earth Lagrange Point 1 (L1), which is approximately 1.5 million km from Earth. This point offers a continuous, unobstructed view of the Sun, making it ideal for solar observation. It was inserted into a halo orbit around L1 in January 2024.
Option 2 (L2): Incorrect. L2 is where missions like JWST and Chandrayaan-2 orbiter are located.
Option 3 (GEO): Incorrect. Geostationary Earth Orbit is for communication/weather satellites.
Option 4 (SSO): Incorrect. Sun-Synchronous Orbit is used for Earth observation satellites.
SSC Stenographer 2025 – 8 December 2025 Shift 1 · Launch vehicles and satellites

Q114. What is the main objective of ISRO's SCATSAT-1 satellite?

  1. (a) Mapping forest cover across India
  2. (b) Measuring atmospheric ozone depletion
  3. (c) Weather forecasting and cyclone prediction
  4. (d) Monitoring earthquake zones
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Weather forecasting and cyclone prediction

SCATSAT-1 ( Scatterometer Satellite-1) was launched by ISRO in September 2016 to provide weather forecasting, cyclone detection, and tracking of ocean winds . It replaced the earlier Oceansat-2 scatterometer , ensuring continuity of meteorological services. The satellite measures wind speed and direction over the ocean surface, which is crucial for predicting monsoons, tracking tropical cyclones, and improving disaster preparedness. It is not used for ozone measurement or earthquake monitoring; its primary function is linked to atmospheric and marine weather observations.
SSC Stenographer 2025 – 8 December 2025 Shift 1 · ISRO - history and centres

Q115. Which of the following ISRO initiatives, launched with the vision of "Catch them young", aims to introduce school students to space science and technology?

  1. (a) YUVIKA – Young Scientist Programme
  2. (b) NISHTHA Space Module
  3. (c) Vidyarthi Vigyan Manthan
  4. (d) SPARK Internship Programme
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) YUVIKA – Young Scientist Programme

ISRO launched the YUVIKA (Young Scientist Programme ) to encourage school students towards space science and technology. The vision “Catch them young” highlights the aim of identifying and nurturing talent at an early age. Under this programme , selected students are trained at ISRO centres , where they get exposure to satellite technology, space applications, and practical experiments. This initiative not only boosts scientific curiosity but also prepares young minds to contribute to India’s space journey in the future.
SSC Stenographer 2025 – 8 December 2025 Shift 2 · Indian space missions

Q116. Consider the following statements:
1. The Aditya-L1 mission was launched to replace the INSAT series of weather satellites.
2. Aditya-L1 successfully entered a Halo Orbit around the Lagrange Point 1 (L1) to observe solar activity.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. (a) Both 1 and 2
  2. (b) 2 only
  3. (c) Neither 1 nor 2
  4. (d) 1 only
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) 2 only

The correct answer is 2 only . The Aditya-L1 mission , launched by ISRO in 2023, is India’s first dedicated solar observatory mission. It was not launched to replace the INSAT series of weather satellites ; instead, its primary objective is to study the Sun’s atmosphere, solar winds, magnetic storms, and their impact on Earth’s climate and satellites. Aditya-L1 was placed in a Halo Orbit around the Lagrange Point 1 (L1) , which is about 1.5 million km away from Earth. This unique position allows continuous observation of the Sun without the interruptions caused by Earth’s shadow, making it ideal for solar research. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect, and statement 2 is correct.
SSC Stenographer 2025 – 8 December 2025 Shift 3 · Indian space missions

Q117. What is one of the major future impacts of ISRO’s Aditya-L1 mission that studies the Sun’s chromosphere and corona?

  1. (a) Improved space weather forecasting to protect satellites and power systems
  2. (b) Enhanced rainfall prediction in monsoon regions
  3. (c) Mapping of asteroids beyond Neptune
  4. (d) Development of underwater navigation systems
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Improved space weather forecasting to protect satellites and power systems

The correct answer is Improved space weather forecasting to protect satellites and power systems . The Aditya-L1 mission is India’s first dedicated solar mission, placed in a Halo orbit around Lagrange Point 1 (L1). Its primary objective is to study the Sun’s corona, chromosphere, and solar winds. These observations are crucial because disturbances on the Sun (like solar flares and coronal mass ejections) release high-energy particles that can disrupt satellite communications, GPS, power grids, and even human space missions. With Aditya-L1 data, ISRO can significantly improve space weather prediction capabilities, allowing preventive measures to protect satellites, ensure uninterrupted communication, and maintain the stability of power transmission systems on Earth.
SSC Stenographer 2025 – 8 December 2025 Shift 3 · Indian space missions

Q118. What is a unique feature of the AstroSat mission operated by ISRO?

  1. (a) X-ray observations only
  2. (b) Optical observations only
  3. (c) Single-wavelength observations
  4. (d) Simultaneous multi-wavelength observations
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Simultaneous multi-wavelength observations

The correct answer is Simultaneous multi-wavelength observations . AstroSat , launched by ISRO in 2015, is India’s first dedicated multi-wavelength space observatory. Unlike many other satellites that focus on a single wavelength such as X-ray or optical, AstroSat can observe the universe in multiple wavelengths — X-ray, Ultraviolet (UV), and Optical — simultaneously. This makes it unique because it provides a more comprehensive picture of astronomical phenomena such as black holes, neutron stars, supernovae, and active galactic nuclei. Such simultaneous data across different wavelengths helps scientists to correlate and understand cosmic processes better.
SSC Stenographer 2025 – 7 December 2025 Shift 1 · Indian space missions

Q119. Which recent mission by ISRO aims to study the Sun from the Lagrange point L1?

  1. (a) Mangalyaan
  2. (b) Chandrayaan-3
  3. (c) Aditya-L1
  4. (d) Shukrayaan-1
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Aditya-L1

The Aditya-L1 mission is India’s first dedicated space mission to study the Sun. It was launched by ISRO in September 2023. The spacecraft is positioned at the Lagrange point L1 , which is about 1.5 million km away from Earth towards the Sun. This location is ideal as it allows uninterrupted observation of the Sun without being affected by Earth’s shadow or occultation. Aditya-L1 carries seven scientific payloads to study various aspects of the Sun, such as the solar corona, solar emissions, solar wind, and space weather phenomena. The mission is significant because it helps improve our understanding of solar activities and their impact on Earth’s climate, satellites, and communication systems. Hence, the correct answer is Option 3.
SSC Stenographer 2025 – 7 December 2025 Shift 2 · International space missions and agencies

Q120. Which of the following statements regarding the Square Kilometer Array (SKA) is correct?

  1. (a) It is managed entirely by the European Space Agency.
  2. (b) It focuses solely on detecting visible light.
  3. (c) It will consist of a single telescope in India.
  4. (d) It aims to explore cosmic magnetism and dark matter.
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) It aims to explore cosmic magnetism and dark matter.

The Square Kilometer Array (SKA) is an international radio telescope project and not managed only by the European Space Agency. It is designed to be built in South Africa and Australia , not as a single telescope in India. It does not focus solely on visible light but on radio waves to study the universe. Its primary aim is to explore cosmic magnetism, dark matter, the formation of the first stars and galaxies, and the large-scale structure of the universe . Hence, only statement 4 is correct.
SSC Stenographer 2025 – 7 December 2025 Shift 2 · Missiles and weapon systems

Q121. Consider the following statements:
1. Ramjets operate efficiently at hypersonic speeds.
2. Dual Mode Ramjets can work in both subsonic and supersonic modes.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. (a) Neither 1 nor 2
  2. (b) 2 only
  3. (c) 1 only
  4. (d) Both 1 and 2
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) 2 only

Statement 1 is incorrect because Ramjets operate efficiently at supersonic speeds (Mach 3 to Mach 6) , but not at hypersonic speeds (above Mach 6). At hypersonic speeds, Scramjets (Supersonic Combustion Ramjets) are efficient. Statement 2 is correct because Dual-Mode Ramjets (DMRJ) can operate in subsonic combustion mode at lower supersonic speeds and shift to supersonic combustion mode at hypersonic speeds . Hence, the correct answer is 2 only .
SSC Stenographer 2025 – 7 December 2025 Shift 3 · Launch vehicles and satellites

Q122. What is the name of the satellite launched by ISRO’s GSLV-F09 that was a gift to SAARC nations?

  1. (a) GSAT-19
  2. (b) GSAT-9
  3. (c) IRNSS-1G
  4. (d) INSAT-3DR
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) GSAT-9

The correct answer is option 2. GSAT-9 , also known as the South Asia Satellite , was launched by ISRO on 5 May 2017 using the GSLV-F09 rocket. It was a unique diplomatic initiative by India to strengthen regional cooperation by providing communication and disaster support services to SAARC nations. Except for Pakistan, all other SAARC member countries (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal, and Sri Lanka) benefited from this satellite. It showcased India’s space diplomacy and technological leadership in the region.
SSC Stenographer 2025 – 7 December 2025 Shift 3 · Launch vehicles and satellites

Q123. Earth remote sensing satellites (EOS) are primarily designed to:

  1. (a) Study the internal structure of Earth using seismic waves
  2. (b) Monitor weather, land use, and environmental changes on Earth
  3. (c) Drill into Earth’s crust for mineral samples
  4. (d) Build underground transport systems
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Monitor weather, land use, and environmental changes on Earth

The correct answer is option 2. Earth Observation Satellites (EOS) , also known as remote sensing satellites , are designed to monitor and collect data about the Earth’s surface, weather patterns, land use, natural resources, and environmental changes . These satellites are widely used for applications like agriculture (crop monitoring), forestry, urban planning, disaster management, water resources, and climate studies . For example, India’s Cartosat and Resourcesat series are part of the EOS program. They do not study the Earth’s internal structure (done by seismology) or build underground systems, but rather focus on large-scale Earth surface monitoring from space.
SSC Stenographer 2025 – 6 December 2025 Shift 1 · Indian space missions

Q124. Which Indian space mission marked the successful launch of 104 satellites in a single mission?

  1. (a) GSLV Mk III
  2. (b) Chandrayaan-2
  3. (c) PSLV-C37
  4. (d) Astrosat
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) PSLV-C37

The correct answer is PSLV-C37 . On 15 February 2017 , the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) created a world record by successfully launching 104 satellites in a single mission from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota . The main payload was Cartosat-2D , an earth observation satellite, along with 103 co-passenger satellites. Out of these, 96 satellites belonged to the USA , while the rest were from countries like Israel, Kazakhstan, Netherlands, Switzerland, UAE, and India. This mission demonstrated India’s ability to launch multiple satellites efficiently at low cost, making ISRO a global leader in space technology. It also showcased India’s growing role in the commercial space market , as many foreign nations relied on ISRO for launching their satellites. The success of PSLV-C37 further cemented ISRO’s reputation as a reliable and cost-effective space agency worldwide.
SSC Stenographer 2025 – 6 December 2025 Shift 1 · Indian space missions

Q125. Consider the below statements regarding the Aditya-L1 mission and its payloads:
1. The SUIT payload on Aditya-L1 is designed to image the solar disk in the near-ultraviolet (UV) spectrum to study the temperature and chemical composition of the Sun’s photosphere and chromosphere.
2. The SoLEXS instrument is a high-resolution X-ray spectrometer used to study solar flares and active regions in soft X-ray wavelengths.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

  1. (a) 1 only
  2. (b) Neither 1 nor 2
  3. (c) Both 1 and 2
  4. (d) 2 only
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Both 1 and 2

The correct answer is Both 1 and 2 . Aditya-L1 is India’s first dedicated solar mission launched by ISRO in September 2023. It is positioned at the Lagrangian point L1, about 1.5 million km from Earth, to provide continuous observation of the Sun. The SUIT (Solar Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope) studies the solar disk in the near-ultraviolet spectrum, helping in the analysis of the Sun’s photosphere and chromosphere , including their temperature variations and chemical composition . The SoLEXS (Solar Low Energy X-ray Spectrometer) is designed to study solar flares and active regions by detecting soft X-rays, which are key indicators of solar activity. Both instruments together enhance our understanding of solar dynamics and their influence on space weather.
SSC Stenographer 2025 – 6 December 2025 Shift 2 · Indian space missions

Q126. What was the key scientific objective of Chandrayaan-3?

  1. (a) To orbit the Moon
  2. (b) To demonstrate a safe lunar landing and rover operation
  3. (c) To measure gravitational waves
  4. (d) To study Mars’ atmosphere
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) To demonstrate a safe lunar landing and rover operation

The correct answer is to demonstrate a safe lunar landing and rover operation . Chandrayaan-3, launched by ISRO on 14 July 2023 , was India’s third lunar mission and a follow-up to Chandrayaan-2. Unlike Chandrayaan-2, which had a partial success due to the lander crash, Chandrayaan-3’s primary objective was not orbital science but technology demonstration . Its key goals were: (1) achieving a soft and safe landing on the lunar surface, (2) deploying a rover to conduct mobility tests , and (3) carrying out basic scientific experiments on lunar soil and rocks . Chandrayaan-3 successfully landed on 23 August 2023 near the Moon’s south pole, making India the first country to land in this region and the fourth nation globally to achieve a soft lunar landing . This marked a historic achievement for India’s space programme .
SSC Stenographer 2025 – 6 December 2025 Shift 3 · Launch vehicles and satellites

Q127. Which of the following best describes the main objective of the Indo-French Megha- Tropiques satellite mission?

  1. (a) Studying polar ice melt and its impact on global sea levels
  2. (b) Monitoring ozone depletion over the equator
  3. (c) Understanding convective systems and the water cycle in tropical regions
  4. (d) Mapping mineral resources in the Himalayan region
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Understanding convective systems and the water cycle in tropical regions

The Indo-French Megha- Tropiques satellite mission , launched in 2011, was specifically designed to study the tropical climate system , especially monsoon dynamics, convective processes, and the water cycle in tropical regions . It carried instruments like SAPHIR (to measure atmospheric humidity) and MADRAS (for rainfall monitoring). Its goal was to provide valuable data for better understanding of weather prediction, climate change impacts, and monsoon behaviour , which are crucial for India’s agriculture and disaster management.
SSC Stenographer 2025 – 6 December 2025 Shift 3 · Nuclear programme and institutions

Q128. Which country withdrew from the NPT in 2003 and later developed nuclear weapons?

  1. (a) Syria
  2. (b) Iran
  3. (c) North Korea
  4. (d) Israel
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) North Korea

The correct answer is North Korea . In 2003, North Korea officially withdrew from the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) , citing security concerns and U.S. hostility. After its withdrawal, North Korea conducted multiple nuclear tests and successfully developed nuclear weapons, making it one of the few nations outside the NPT framework with nuclear capability.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 30 November 2025 Shift 3 · Missiles and weapon systems

Q129. HAL-developed ' Prachand ' is which type of aircraft?

  1. (a) Fighter jet
  2. (b) Drone
  3. (c) Civil passenger aeroplane
  4. (d) Light combat helicopter
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Light combat helicopter

Correct Answer: Option 4 – Light combat helicopter
Prachand (LCH — Light Combat Helicopter) is a dedicated combat helicopter developed by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL). It was inducted into the Indian Air Force in 2022. It is designed to operate in high-altitude combat operations, including in Himalayan terrain. It can perform both anti-tank and anti-infantry roles.
Why other options are wrong:
Option 1 (Fighter jet): Prachand is a helicopter, not a fighter jet. HAL's fighter aircraft include Tejas.
Option 2 (Drone): Prachand is a crewed combat helicopter, not an unmanned drone.
Option 3 (Civil passenger aeroplane ): Prachand is a military combat aircraft, not a civilian transport.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 29 November 2025 Shift 3 · International space missions and agencies

Q130. Which space agency operates the CryoSat satellite, designed to study polar ice thickness and monitor climate change?

  1. (a) NASA
  2. (b) ISRO
  3. (c) JAXA
  4. (d) ESA
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) ESA

Correct Answer: Option 4 – ESA
CryoSat is operated by the European Space Agency (ESA). Launched in 2010, CryoSat uses a radar altimeter to measure the thickness of polar sea ice and monitor changes in ice sheets, providing crucial data on climate change.
Why other options are wrong:
Option 1 (NASA): NASA operates many Earth observation satellites but not CryoSat ; the candidate incorrectly selected this.
Option 2 (ISRO): ISRO operates Indian satellites such as Cartosat and Oceansat ; CryoSat is not among them.
Option 3 (JAXA): JAXA is Japan's space agency; CryoSat is a European mission.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 27 November 2025 Shift 2 · Launch vehicles and satellites

Q131. In the context of Indian satellite launch vehicle, what does "G" stand for in GSLV?

  1. (a) Geosynchronous
  2. (b) Gladiator
  3. (c) Gentle
  4. (d) Generation
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Geosynchronous

GSLV stands for Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle. The "G" stands for Geosynchronous. GSLV is India's rocket developed by ISRO, capable of launching communication satellites into Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO).
Gladiator, Gentle, and Generation are incorrect expansions of the letter "G" in GSLV.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 26 November 2025 Shift 2 · Launch vehicles and satellites

Q132. In the context of launch vehicles of India, which of the following launch vehicle is also known as GSLV Mk-III?

  1. (a) ASLV
  2. (b) SLV-3
  3. (c) LVM3
  4. (d) PSLV
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) LVM3

LVM3 (Launch Vehicle Mark-3), formerly known as GSLV Mk-III (Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark-III), is India's heaviest and most powerful rocket developed by ISRO. It is designed to launch heavy satellites into Geostationary Transfer Orbit (GTO) and was used for the Chandrayaan-2, Chandrayaan-3, and OneWeb missions.
ASLV and SLV-3 are older, smaller launch vehicles; PSLV is a separate launch vehicle. Hence, LVM3 is correct.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 25 November 2025 Shift 2 · Indian space missions

Q133. Which of the following is India's first interplanetary mission?

  1. (a) Mangalyaan
  2. (b) Shukrayaan
  3. (c) Chandrayaan-1
  4. (d) Aditya L-1
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Mangalyaan

Mangalyaan (Mars Orbiter Mission) was India's first interplanetary mission, launched by ISRO on 5 November 2013 and successfully inserted into Mars orbit on 24 September 2014. India became the first country to reach Mars orbit on its first attempt.
Shukrayaan is a planned Venus mission; Chandrayaan-1 was India's first lunar mission; Aditya L-1 is India's solar observatory mission. None of these are interplanetary missions to another planet.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 25 November 2025 Shift 3 · Launch vehicles and satellites

Q134. In the context of Indian satellite launch vehicle, how many stages did GSLV-D1 has?

  1. (a) Two
  2. (b) Three
  3. (c) Five
  4. (d) Six
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Three

GSLV-D1 (Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Development Flight 1), launched on 18 April 2001, has three stages: Stage 1 is a solid propellant core motor (S125), Stage 2 is a liquid propellant stage, and Stage 3 is a cryogenic upper stage. Four liquid strap-on boosters supplement Stage 1.
Two, Five, and Six are incorrect. Hence, Three is the correct answer.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 24 November 2025 Shift 3 · Launch vehicles and satellites

Q135. Which type of satellite is mainly used for weather monitoring and forecasting?

  1. (a) Geo-stationary satellite
  2. (b) Communication satellite
  3. (c) Reconnaissance satellite
  4. (d) Astronomical satellite
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Geo-stationary satellite

Correct Answer: Geo-stationary satellite (Option 1)
Geo-stationary satellites orbit Earth at ~35,786 km altitude above the equator, appearing stationary relative to the ground. This allows them to continuously observe the same region of Earth's surface, making them ideal for weather monitoring, cloud tracking, and weather forecasting. India's INSAT/METSAT series (like Kalpana-1, INSAT-3D) are geo-stationary satellites used for meteorology.
Communication satellites — used for telephone, TV broadcasting, and internet transmission; not primarily for weather.
Reconnaissance satellites — used for military surveillance and intelligence gathering.
Astronomical satellites — used to observe celestial objects from space (e.g., Hubble Space Telescope).
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 22 November 2025 Shift 2 · International space missions and agencies

Q136. The Parker Solar Probe, launched to study the Sun by moving in a solar orbit, is a mission of which space agency?

  1. (a) JAXA
  2. (b) ISRO
  3. (c) NASA
  4. (d) CNES
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) NASA

The Parker Solar Probe is a NASA mission launched on 12 August 2018. Named after astrophysicist Eugene Parker, it is designed to fly closer to the Sun than any previous spacecraft, studying the solar corona and solar wind.
JAXA is Japan's space agency; ISRO is India's; CNES is France's. None of them operate the Parker Solar Probe.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 21 November 2025 Shift 2 · International space missions and agencies

Q137. The International Space Station circles Earth roughly _____ times a day.

  1. (a) 36
  2. (b) 8
  3. (c) 16
  4. (d) 24
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) 16

Correct Answer: 16 (Option 3)
The International Space Station (ISS) orbits Earth approximately 16 times per day (once every 90 minutes). It travels at a speed of about 28,000 km/h (17,500 mph) at an altitude of approximately 408 km above Earth's surface. This means astronauts aboard the ISS experience about 16 sunrises and 16 sunsets every 24 hours. The ISS completes one full orbit in approximately 92 minutes.
36 times is too fast. 8 times would mean a much higher orbit. 24 times would mean about one orbit per hour. The correct answer is approximately 16 times per day.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 20 November 2025 Shift 1 · Indian space missions

Q138. The Mars Orbiter Mission of India was launched in _____.

  1. (a) 2006
  2. (b) 2009
  3. (c) 2013
  4. (d) 2019
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) 2013

India's Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), also known as Mangalyaan, was launched on November 5, 2013, by ISRO using the PSLV-C25 rocket from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota. It made India the first country to successfully reach Mars orbit on its maiden attempt and the first Asian nation to do so. Why other options are wrong: Option 1 (2006): Mangalyaan was not launched in 2006. Option 2 (2009): Chandrayaan-1 (Moon mission) was launched in 2008; Mangalyaan was launched later in 2013. Option 4 (2019): Chandrayaan-2 was launched in 2019; Mangalyaan was launched 6 years earlier in 2013.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 20 November 2025 Shift 2 · Indian space missions

Q139. Which of the following statement is correct regarding Chandrayaan-1 mission?
I. It was the first lunar mission of India.
II. It confirmed the presence of water on the Moon.

  1. (a) Only I
  2. (b) Only II
  3. (c) Both I and II
  4. (d) Neither I nor II
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Both I and II

Correct Answer: Both I and II
Statement I: Chandrayaan-1 was indeed India's first lunar mission - CORRECT. It was launched on 22 October 2008 from Sriharikota by ISRO using the PSLV-C11 rocket.
Statement II: Chandrayaan-1 confirmed the presence of water on the Moon - CORRECT. The Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) instrument on Chandrayaan-1 (a NASA payload) detected water molecules (H2O) and hydroxyl (OH) in the lunar soil, particularly at the poles. This was a landmark discovery announced in 2009.
Both statements are accurate about the Chandrayaan-1 mission.
Why 'Only I', 'Only II', and 'Neither' are wrong: Both statements correctly describe Chandrayaan-1.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 20 November 2025 Shift 2 · ISRO - history and centres

Q140. India started working in space research with the launch of a meteorological rocket in which year?

  1. (a) 1952
  2. (b) 1957
  3. (c) 1963
  4. (d) 1984
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) 1963

Correct Answer: 1963 (Option 3)
India began its journey in space research on 21 November 1963, when a Nike-Apache meteorological sounding rocket was launched from Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS) in Kerala. This is considered the starting point of India's space programme .
Why others are wrong:
Option 1 - 1952: No space-related rocket launch occurred in India in 1952.
Option 2 - 1957: The year 1957 is when the Soviet Union launched Sputnik 1, the world's first artificial satellite — not India's space start.
Option 4 - 1984: The year 1984 is when Rakesh Sharma became the first Indian in space, which happened much later.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 20 November 2025 Shift 2 · ISRO - history and centres

Q141. The Satish Dhawan Space Centre is located in _____.

  1. (a) Bhopal
  2. (b) Ahmedabad
  3. (c) Chennai
  4. (d) Sriharikota
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Sriharikota

Correct Answer: Sriharikota (Option 4)
The Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC-SHAR) is located in Sriharikota , Andhra Pradesh. It is India's primary spaceport and is used for launching satellites and rockets. It is named after former ISRO Chairman Dr. Satish Dhawan.
Why others are wrong:
Option 1 - Bhopal: No major ISRO launch facility is in Bhopal.
Option 2 - Ahmedabad: The Space Applications Centre (SAC) of ISRO is in Ahmedabad, not the launch centre .
Option 3 - Chennai: No major ISRO launch facility is in Chennai.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 19 November 2025 Shift 2 · Evacuation and humanitarian relief operations

Q142. Mission "SAGAR" is an initiative launched by which of the following country to extend necessary assistance, including medical and food supplies to countries in Indian Ocean Region?

  1. (a) Bangladesh
  2. (b) Australia
  3. (c) India
  4. (d) Japan
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) India

Correct Answer: India (Option 3)
Mission 'SAGAR' (Security and Growth for All in the Region) is an initiative launched by India to provide assistance, including medical supplies, food, and other necessities, to countries in the Indian Ocean Region. It reflects India's ' Neighbourhood First' and 'Security and Growth for All in the Region' policy.
Why others are wrong:
Option 1 - Bangladesh: Bangladesh has not launched Mission SAGAR.
Option 2 - Australia: This is an Indian initiative, not Australian.
Option 4 - Japan: Japan has not launched this specific mission.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 17 November 2025 Shift 3 · Indian space missions

Q143. The Aditya L-1 mission of ISRO was launched in which of the following year?

  1. (a) 1999
  2. (b) 2013
  3. (c) 2017
  4. (d) 2023
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) 2023

Correct Answer: 2023
ISRO's Aditya-L1 mission was launched on 2 September 2023 from Sriharikota using the PSLV-C57 rocket. It is India's first solar mission, designed to study the Sun from the L1 Lagrange point (approximately 1.5 million km from Earth), which provides an unobstructed view of the Sun. It reached its destination orbit around L1 on 6 January 2024.
Why other options are wrong:
- 1999: India launched Chandrayaan-1 in 2008; 1999 is not related to Aditya-L1.
- 2013: India's Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan) was launched in 2013; not Aditya-L1.
- 2017: No major ISRO solar mission in 2017.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 17 November 2025 Shift 3 · Indian space missions

Q144. The Chandrayaan-2 mission consisted of an orbiter, a lander named _____, and a rover named _____.

  1. (a) Pragyan, Vikram
  2. (b) Vikram, Pragyan
  3. (c) Bheem, Shakti
  4. (d) Aditya, Surya
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Vikram, Pragyan

Correct Answer: Vikram, Pragyan
India's Chandrayaan-2 mission (launched 22 July 2019) consisted of three components: (1) Orbiter: continues to orbit the Moon and send data; (2) Lander: named Vikram (after Vikram Sarabhai, father of the Indian space programme ); (3) Rover: named Pragyan (Sanskrit for 'wisdom'). The lander Vikram crash-landed on 7 September 2019. Chandrayaan-3 (2023) successfully landed with Vikram lander and Pragyan rover.
Why other options are wrong:
- Pragyan, Vikram: Order is reversed; Vikram is the lander and Pragyan is the rover.
- Bheem, Shakti: Fictional names; not components of Chandrayaan-2.
- Aditya, Surya: Aditya is the name of ISRO's solar mission (Aditya-L1); not Chandrayaan-2 components.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 15 November 2025 Shift 1 · Military exercises

Q145. Which of the following is the joint military exercise between India and Nepal?

  1. (a) Surya Kiran
  2. (b) Indra
  3. (c) Vajra Prahar
  4. (d) Malabar
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Surya Kiran

Surya Kiran is the annual joint military exercise conducted between India and Nepal. It focuses on counter-insurgency and counter-terrorism operations and is held alternately in India and Nepal. Why others are wrong: - Indra: A joint military exercise between India and Russia. - Vajra Prahar: A joint special forces exercise between India and the USA. - Malabar: A naval exercise involving India, USA, and Japan.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 14 November 2025 Shift 1 · ISRO - history and centres

Q146. Who among the following was the first Chairman of the Indian Space Research Organisation ?

  1. (a) Dr. Vikram A. Sarabhai
  2. (b) Prof. M.G.K. Menon
  3. (c) Prof. Satish Dhawan
  4. (d) Homi J. Bhabha
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Dr. Vikram A. Sarabhai

Dr. Vikram A. Sarabhai was the first Chairman of ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation ), which was formally established in 1969. He is considered the father of the Indian space programme . Prof. M.G.K. Menon served later as Chairman; Prof. Satish Dhawan was ISRO Chairman from 1972-1984; Homi J. Bhabha was the father of India's atomic programme , not ISRO.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 14 November 2025 Shift 3 · Launch vehicles and satellites

Q147. The Indian national satellite system (INSAT) program was established in _____.

  1. (a) 1963
  2. (b) 1972
  3. (c) 1983
  4. (d) 1997
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) 1983

Correct Answer: 1983
The Indian National Satellite System (INSAT) programme was established in 1983 when INSAT-1B was successfully launched and became operational. INSAT-1A had been launched in April 1982 but failed. INSAT is a series of multipurpose geostationary satellites launched by ISRO for telecommunications, broadcasting, meteorology, and search-and-rescue operations.
Why other options are wrong:
- 1963: This was the year India launched its first rocket (Nike Apache) from Thumba ; INSAT programme started much later.
- 1972: ISRO was formally established in 1969; INSAT was not launched in 1972.
- 1997: INSAT-2D was launched in 1997, but the programme itself was established in 1983.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 13 November 2025 Shift 1 · Launch vehicles and satellites

Q148. Which of the following is an example of artificial satellites?
I. Sputnik-I
II. GSAT-I

  1. (a) Only I
  2. (b) Only II
  3. (c) Both I and II
  4. (d) Neither I nor II
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Both I and II

Correct Answer: Both I and II
Both Sputnik-I and GSAT-I are artificial satellites:
- Sputnik-I: Launched by the Soviet Union on 4 October 1957, it was the world's first artificial satellite.
- GSAT-I: India's first experimental geostationary communication satellite, launched by ISRO in 2001 aboard GSLV-D1.
Both are man-made (artificial) satellites placed in orbit around the Earth, as opposed to natural satellites like the Moon.
Why 'Only I' is wrong: GSAT-I is also an artificial satellite.
Why 'Only II' is wrong: Sputnik-I is also an artificial satellite.
Why 'Neither' is wrong: Both are well-known artificial satellites.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 13 November 2025 Shift 2 · Launch vehicles and satellites

Q149. In the context of Indian satellite, the INSAT is used for which of the following purpose?
I. Television broadcasting
II. Weather Forecasting

  1. (a) Only I
  2. (b) Only II
  3. (c) Both I and II
  4. (d) Neither I nor II
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Both I and II

INSAT (Indian National Satellite System) is a multipurpose satellite system used for: - Statement I (Television broadcasting): INSAT supports direct-to-home (DTH) TV broadcasting across India. - Statement II (Weather Forecasting): INSAT carries meteorological payloads for weather monitoring and cyclone warning. Therefore, Both I and II are correct uses of INSAT.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 13 November 2025 Shift 2 · Indian space missions

Q150. The uncrewed Gaganyaan-G1 mission, scheduled for December 2025, will carry a female-looking half-humanoid robot to test human functions and onboard systems. What is the name of this robot?

  1. (a) Manavi
  2. (b) Vyommitra
  3. (c) Bhumika
  4. (d) Rokshak
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Vyommitra

Vyommitra is the female-looking half-humanoid robot developed by ISRO to be flown on the uncrewed Gaganyaan-G1 mission. The name ' Vyommitra ' is derived from Sanskrit words 'Vyoma' (space) and 'Mitra' (friend), meaning 'space friend'. She is designed to simulate astronaut functions and test life support systems. Why others are wrong: - Manavi: Not the name of the ISRO robot. - Bhumika: Not associated with the Gaganyaan mission. - Rokshak : Not the name of this humanoid robot.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 12 November 2025 Shift 3 · ISRO - history and centres

Q151. In the context of space research in India, what does "N" stands for in INCOSPAR?

  1. (a) National
  2. (b) Nano
  3. (c) Neutrino
  4. (d) Nodal
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) National

Correct Answer: National
INCOSPAR stands for Indian National Committee for Space Research. It was established in 1962 under the Department of Atomic Energy, with Dr. Vikram Sarabhai as its chairman. INCOSPAR was the forerunner of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), which was formally established in 1969.
Why other options are wrong:
- Nano: N does not stand for Nano in INCOSPAR.
- Neutrino: N does not stand for Neutrino in INCOSPAR.
- Nodal: N does not stand for Nodal in INCOSPAR.
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 14 October 2025 Shift 2 · Indian space missions

Q152. What is the crew capacity of the Gaganyaan mission?

  1. (a) 2
  2. (b) 3
  3. (c) 4
  4. (d) 5
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) 3

India's Gaganyaan mission is designed to carry a crew of 3 astronauts (Gaganauts) to low Earth orbit.
Answer: Option 2 (3)
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 24 September 2025 Shift 1 · Indian space missions

Q153. What distinguishes ISRO's Aditya-L1 mission from other solar observatories?

  1. (a) It uses radar waves to study the Sun
  2. (b) It orbits the Sun directly
  3. (c) It will study the solar corona from Lagrange Point 1
  4. (d) It is placed in a lunar orbit
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) It will study the solar corona from Lagrange Point 1

Aditya-L1, launched by ISRO in 2023, is positioned in a halo orbit around the Sun-Earth Lagrange Point 1 (L1).
From L1, it continuously observes the Sun (including the solar corona) without any eclipses, distinguishing it from other solar observatories.
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 24 September 2025 Shift 3 · Launch vehicles and satellites

Q154. What makes the SSLV (Small Satellite Launch Vehicle) distinct from PSLV and GSLV?

  1. (a) It uses a hybrid liquid-solid engine
  2. (b) It is designed for on-demand, low-cost launches
  3. (c) It operates from a sea-based platform
  4. (d) It can only launch foreign satellites
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) It is designed for on-demand, low-cost launches

SSLV is ISRO's small-lift launch vehicle developed specifically for on-demand, low-cost launches of small satellites (up to ~500 kg) into LEO.
PSLV and GSLV are larger, more complex launchers built for heavier payloads and not optimised for cost or quick turnaround.
SSLV uses solid stages (not hybrid liquid-solid), is launched from land, and is not restricted to foreign satellites.
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 23 September 2025 Shift 2 · ISRO - history and centres

Q155. Why "Space Situational Awareness (SSA)" program by ISRO important?

  1. (a) Tracks energy usage in orbit
  2. (b) Monitors space debris and protects Indian space assets
  3. (c) Observes black holes in the deep sky
  4. (d) Provides satellite TV services across Asia
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Monitors space debris and protects Indian space assets

ISRO's Space Situational Awareness program tracks space objects, predicts collisions, and monitors space debris.
Its primary importance is to protect Indian satellites and space assets from collision threats.
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 22 September 2025 Shift 3 · Launch vehicles and satellites

Q156. What does the "PSLV" rocket stand for?

  1. (a) Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle
  2. (b) Public Space Launch Vehicle
  3. (c) Planetary Satellite Launch Vehicle
  4. (d) Private Satellite Launch Vehicle
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle

PSLV stands for Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle.
It is ISRO's expendable medium-lift launch vehicle used primarily to place satellites into Sun-synchronous polar orbits.
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 22 September 2025 Shift 1 · Indian space missions

Q157. India's first interplanetary mission is:

  1. (a) Chandrayaan-1
  2. (b) Gaganyaan
  3. (c) Aditya-L1
  4. (d) Mangalyaan (Mars Orbiter Mission)
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Mangalyaan (Mars Orbiter Mission)

Mangalyaan (Mars Orbiter Mission), launched in 2013, was India's first mission to another planet (Mars).
Chandrayaan-1 was a lunar mission (Moon, not another planet).
Gaganyaan is a planned human spaceflight mission.
Aditya-L1 is a solar observation mission.
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 22 September 2025 Shift 2 · ISRO - history and centres

Q158. Read the following statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Choose the correct option:
Assertion (A): The Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC-SHAR) is ISRO's main spaceport for launching satellites and rockets.
Reason (R): SDSC-SHAR currently houses multiple operational launch pads and extensive facilities for the integration and final preparation of launch vehicles and spacecraft before liftoff.

  1. (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
  2. (b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
  3. (c) A is true, but R is false
  4. (d) A is false, but R is true
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A

A is true: SDSC-SHAR at Sriharikota is ISRO's primary launch site.
R is true: it has multiple launch pads and integration/preparation facilities.
Having these launch facilities is exactly why it serves as the main spaceport, so R correctly explains A.
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 21 September 2025 Shift 2 · ISRO - history and centres

Q159. What does ISRO stand for?

  1. (a) (a) Indian Scientific Research Organization
  2. (b) (b) Indian Space Research Organization
  3. (c) (c) Indian Satellite Rocket Organization
  4. (d) (d) International Space Research Organization
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) (b) Indian Space Research Organization

ISRO stands for Indian Space Research Organization.
It is India's national space agency, headquartered in Bengaluru.
Established in 1969 under the Department of Space.
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 21 September 2025 Shift 3 · Science and technology missions and schemes

Q160. Consider the following statements on the Green Hydrogen Mission:
1. It aims to make India a global hub for production and export of green hydrogen.
2. The mission targets production of 10 MMT by 2030.
3. Green hydrogen is produced by electrolysis using renewable energy.

  1. (a) Only 1 and 2 are correct
  2. (b) Only 2 and 3 are correct
  3. (c) Only 1 and 3 are correct
  4. (d) All 1, 2 and 3 are correct
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Only 1 and 3 are correct

Statement 1 is correct: the National Green Hydrogen Mission aims to make India a global hub for production, usage and export of green hydrogen.
Statement 2 is incorrect: the target is 5 MMT (Million Metric Tonnes) per annum by 2030, not 10 MMT.
Statement 3 is correct: green hydrogen is produced via electrolysis of water using renewable energy sources.
Hence, only 1 and 3 are correct.
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 20 September 2025 Shift 1 · Indian space missions

Q161. Fill in the Blanks:
India's Space Vision 2047 aims to have the Bharatiya Antariksha Station in orbit by the year ____ and land Indians on the Moon using indigenous technologies by the year ____.

  1. (a) 2030, 2035
  2. (b) 2035, 2040
  3. (c) 2040, 2047
  4. (d) 2027, 2035
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) 2035, 2040

- India's Space Vision 2047 targets: Bharatiya Antariksha Station in orbit by 2035.
- Indian lunar landing mission (Indigenous) planned by 2040.
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 20 September 2025 Shift 2 · Science and technology missions and schemes

Q162. Consider the following statements on the PRITHvi Vigyan Mission:
1. It aims to unify ocean, weather, and geoscience observations.
2. It supports India's early warning systems for tsunamis and cyclones.
3. It was launched by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.

  1. (a) Only 1 and 2 are correct
  2. (b) Only 2 and 3 are correct
  3. (c) Only 1 and 3 are correct
  4. (d) All 1, 2 and 3 are correct
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Only 1 and 2 are correct

Statements 1 and 2 are correct — PRITHVI integrates atmosphere, ocean, hydrosphere and cryosphere research; it supports India's tsunami/cyclone early-warning systems.
Statement 3 is incorrect — it was launched by the Ministry of Earth Sciences, not Health.
Hence, only 1 and 2 are correct.
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 20 September 2025 Shift 3 · Launch vehicles and satellites

Q163. Which Indian satellite is used for weather forecasting?

  1. (a) Aryabhata
  2. (b) INSAT-3D
  3. (c) Cartosat
  4. (d) Mangalyaan
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) INSAT-3D

INSAT-3D is a dedicated Indian meteorological satellite used for weather forecasting and disaster warning.
Aryabhata was India's first satellite (scientific/experimental).
Cartosat series is used for cartography and Earth observation, not weather.
Mangalyaan was India's Mars Orbiter Mission.
Hence, INSAT-3D is the correct answer.
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 19 September 2025 Shift 2 · Indian space missions

Q164. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of the Gaganyaan mission?

  1. (a) Increased global collaborations in space science
  2. (b) Advancement in space-related R&D and technology
  3. (c) Boost to India's human spaceflight capability
  4. (d) Reduction in Earth's temperature
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Reduction in Earth's temperature

Gaganyaan brings global collaborations, R&D advancement, and human spaceflight capability — all real benefits.
Reduction in Earth's temperatureis unrelated to the mission's objectives.
Hence it is NOT a benefit.
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 19 September 2025 Shift 2 · Indian space missions

Q165. Which ISRO mission first discovered lunar hydration?

  1. (a) Chandrayaan-1
  2. (b) Chandrayaan-2
  3. (c) Chandrayaan-3
  4. (d) Chandrayaan-4
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Chandrayaan-1

ISRO'sChandrayaan-1mission (2008-09), using NASA's Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3), first confirmed the presence of water/hydroxyl (lunar hydration) on the Moon's surface.
Hence the correct answeris Chandrayaan-1.
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 18 September 2025 Shift 1 · Military exercises

Q166. Which country partners with India in the Maitri military exercise aimed at defence cooperation?

  1. (a) Bhutan
  2. (b) Sri Lanka
  3. (c) Bangladesh
  4. (d) Thailand
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Thailand

Exercise Maitri is a joint military exercise between India and Thailand. Answer: Thailand
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 18 September 2025 Shift 1 · Indian space missions

Q167. Which instrument description on XPoSat is correct?

  1. (a) XSPECT extends POLIX's polarimetry range to 0.5-20 keV
  2. (b) POLIX performs X-ray spectroscopy and timing
  3. (c) XSPECT measures X-ray polarization
  4. (d) POLIX measures X-ray polarization (8-30 keV) to study black holes
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) POLIX measures X-ray polarization (8-30 keV) to study black holes

POLIX (Polarimeter Instrument in X-rays) measures X-ray polarization in the 8-30 keV range to study black holes, neutron stars, etc. XSPECT performs spectroscopy and timing.
Answer: D
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 18 September 2025 Shift 1 · Indian space missions

Q168. Aditya-L1 is placed in a halo orbit around which type of gravitationally balanced point in space?

  1. (a) Polar
  2. (b) Lagrangian
  3. (c) Sun-synchronous
  4. (d) Geostationary
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Lagrangian

Aditya-L1 is placed in a halo orbit around the Sun-Earth Lagrangian point 1 (L1), which is a gravitationally balanced point.
Answer: Lagrangian
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 18 September 2025 Shift 2 · Launch vehicles and satellites

Q169. Identify the incorrect match of satellite type and application:

  1. (a) Weather satellite - Cyclone tracking
  2. (b) Communication satellite - TV broadcast
  3. (c) Navigation satellite - Forest fire monitoring
  4. (d) Remote sensing satellite - Land use mapping
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Navigation satellite - Forest fire monitoring

Weather satellites do track cyclones — correct.
Communication satellites enable TV broadcast — correct.
Remote sensing satellites map land use — correct.
Forest fire monitoring is done by remote sensing satellites, not navigation satellites — option 3 is the incorrect match.
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 18 September 2025 Shift 3 · ISRO - history and centres

Q170. What is the contribution of Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) to India's space program?

  1. (a) Launch site for ISRO missions
  2. (b) Designs and builds launch vehicles
  3. (c) Trains Indian astronauts
  4. (d) Controls ISRO satellites
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Designs and builds launch vehicles

• VSSC (Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre) is located in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala.
• It is ISRO's lead centre for the design and development of launch vehicles (rockets).
• Notable vehicles developed: PSLV, GSLV, LVM3 (GSLV Mk III).
• Answer: Designs and builds launch vehicles
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 18 September 2025 Shift 3 · Science and technology missions and schemes

Q171. The "Atal Innovation Mission (AIM)" is a flagship initiative to promote innovation and entrepreneurship in India. Which of the following is a key component or program under AIM?

  1. (a) Skill India Centers
  2. (b) Startup India Seed Fund Scheme
  3. (c) Atal Tinkering Labs (ATLs)
  4. (d) Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY)
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Atal Tinkering Labs (ATLs)

• Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) is managed by NITI Aayog.
• Atal Tinkering Labs (ATLs) are a key component — these are set up in schools to foster creativity and innovation among students.
• Other AIM programs include Atal Incubation Centres (AICs) and Atal New India Challenges.
• Skill India Centers , PMKVY, and Startup India Seed Fund are different government schemes.
• Answer: Atal Tinkering Labs (ATLs)
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 17 September 2025 Shift 1 · International space missions and agencies

Q172. . Consider the following statements about the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST):
1. It observes in the near-infrared and mid-infrared spectrum.
2. It is positioned at the Sun-Earth Lagrange Point L2.
3. It carries a coronagraph for exoplanet detection.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

  1. (a) Only 1 and 2
  2. (b) Only 1 and 3
  3. (c) Only 2 and 3
  4. (d) All 1, 2 and 3
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) All 1, 2 and 3

JWST observes mainly in the near-infrared and mid-infrared bands — Statement 1 is correct.
It is positioned at the Sun-Earth Lagrange Point L2, about 1.5 million km from Earth — Statement 2 is correct.
It carries coronagraphs on NIRCam and MIRI for direct imaging of exoplanets — Statement 3 is correct.
Hence all three statements are correct.
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 17 September 2025 Shift 2 · Indian space missions

Q173. Gaganyaan is planned to orbit Earth at approximately what altitude?

  1. (a) 100 km
  2. (b) 400 km
  3. (c) 1000 km
  4. (d) 36,000 km
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) 400 km

ISRO's Gaganyaan mission plans to orbit Earth at a Low Earth Orbit of about 400 km altitude.
100 km is just the boundary of space; 1000 km and 36,000 km are too high.
Hence the altitude is approximately 400 km.
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 17 September 2025 Shift 2 · Indian space missions

Q174. What is India's first successful interplanetary mission?

  1. (a) Chandrayaan-1
  2. (b) Mangalyaan
  3. (c) Gaganyaan
  4. (d) Aditya-L1
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Mangalyaan

Mangalyaan (Mars Orbiter Mission), launched in 2013, was India's first successful interplanetary mission.
Chandrayaan-1 was a Moon mission; Gaganyaan is a planned crewed mission; Aditya-L1 is a Sun observation mission.
Hence Mangalyaan is the correct answer.
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 16 September 2025 Shift 1 · Launch vehicles and satellites

Q175. What does the designation HLVM3 stand for in the Gaganyaan mission context?

  1. (a) Heavy LVM3
  2. (b) Hybrid LVM3
  3. (c) Human LVM3
  4. (d) High LVM3
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Human LVM3

HLVM3 stands for ‘Human-rated LVM3’, the version of ISRO’s LVM3 rocket modified and certified to carry astronauts for the Gaganyaan mission.
The other expansions are incorrect.
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 16 September 2025 Shift 3 · Launch vehicles and satellites

Q176. What is the maximum payload capacity of India's upcoming Next Generation Launch Vehicle (NGLV) to Low Earth Orbit (LEO)?

  1. (a) 10 tonnes
  2. (b) 20 tonnes
  3. (c) 30 tonnes
  4. (d) 40 tonnes
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) 30 tonnes

ISRO’s NGLV is designed with a maximum payload capacity of about 30 tonnes to Low Earth Orbit, supporting heavy-lift missions including future human spaceflight.
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 15 September 2025 Shift 2 · Indian space missions

Q177. The Laser Retroreflector Array (LRA) onboard Chandrayaan-3 was supplied by which space agency?

  1. (a) ESA
  2. (b) JAXA
  3. (c) NASA
  4. (d) ROSCOSMOS
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) NASA

The Laser Retroreflector Array on the Chandrayaan-3 Vikram lander was supplied by NASA (USA) to enable laser ranging experiments from lunar orbit.
ESA, JAXA and ROSCOSMOS were not involved in supplying the LRA.
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 15 September 2025 Shift 3 · Indian space missions

Q178. Which payload monitors solar wind at L1?

  1. (a) ASPEX
  2. (b) SUIT
  3. (c) SoLEXS
  4. (d) HEL1OS
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) ASPEX

• ASPEX = Aditya Solar wind Particle EXperiment — a payload on ISRO's Aditya-L1 mission.
• It is specifically designed to study the solar wind (stream of charged particles from the Sun) at the L1 Lagrange point.
• SUIT = Solar Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (studies UV radiation from Sun).
• SoLEXS = Solar Low Energy X-ray Spectrometer (studies X-ray flares).
• HEL1OS = High Energy L1 Orbiting X-ray Spectrometer (studies high-energy X-rays).
• Answer: ASPEX
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 14 September 2025 Shift 1 · Launch vehicles and satellites

Q179. Which of the following accurately reflects the critical technological outcome of ISRO's RLV-LEX3 mission conducted on June 23, 2024?

  1. (a) In-flight fuel transfer at hypersonic speeds
  2. (b) Autonomous high-speed landing under tough cross-range & wind
  3. (c) Launch abort test for crewed reusable launchers
  4. (d) Orbital deployment via dual-mode scramjet propulsion
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Autonomous high-speed landing under tough cross-range & wind

RLV-LEX3 (Reusable Launch Vehicle – Landing Experiment 3), conducted on 23 June 2024, demonstrated autonomous high-speed precision landing of the winged reusable vehicle under stringent cross-range, weight and wind conditions on a runway.
It did not involve in-flight fuel transfer, a crewed launch-abort test or orbital deployment using scramjets.
Hence the correct outcome is option 2.
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 14 September 2025 Shift 1 · Science and technology missions and schemes

Q180. Read the below statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Mark the correct options:
Assertion (A): The National Green Hydrogen Mission aims to reduce dependency on fossil fuels.
Reason (R): It is implemented by MoEFCC.

  1. (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
  2. (b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
  3. (c) A is true, but R is false
  4. (d) A is false, but R is true
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) A is true, but R is false

A is true: the National Green Hydrogen Mission (2023) aims to make India a global hub for green hydrogen, thereby cutting dependence on fossil fuels.
R is false: the Mission is implemented by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), not the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC).
Since A is true and R is false, the correct option is 3.
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 14 September 2025 Shift 2 · Indian space missions

Q181. Aditya-L1 spacecraft primarily studies which part of the Sun?

  1. (a) Regolith
  2. (b) Corona
  3. (c) Craters
  4. (d) Magnetosphere
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Corona

Aditya-L1 is India's first solar mission, positioned at the L1 Lagrange point. Its primary objective is to study the Sun's corona (the outermost atmospheric layer), along with the photosphere, chromosphere, and solar wind.
Regolith and craters refer to lunar/planetary surfaces. Magnetosphere is a planetary feature, not a layer of the Sun.
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 14 September 2025 Shift 3 · Military exercises

Q182. Where was the 11th edition of the India-Bangladesh joint military exercise SAMPRITI-XI conducted in 2023?

  1. (a) Jaisalmer, Rajasthan
  2. (b) Siliguri, West Bengal
  3. (c) Umroi, Meghalaya
  4. (d) Guwahati, Assam
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Umroi, Meghalaya

SAMPRITI is a bilateral military exercise between India and Bangladesh.
SAMPRITI-XI (11th edition, 2023) was held at Umroi, Meghalaya.
The exercise focuses on counter-insurgency and counter-terrorism operations.
Answer: Umroi, Meghalaya
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 13 September 2025 Shift 1 · Launch vehicles and satellites

Q183. Examine the following statements about the SSLV-D2 mission and select the correct option:
Statement 1: SSLV-D2 inserted EOS-07, Janus-1, and AzaadiSAT-2 into a 450 km circular orbit utilizing a three-stage vehicle powered entirely by liquid propulsion.
Statement 2: The SSLV-D2 mission showcased rapid deployment capability with low turnaround time and limited ground infrastructure needs.

  1. (a) Only Statement 1 is correct
  2. (b) Only Statement 2 is correct
  3. (c) 1 and 2 are correct
  4. (d) Neither 1 nor 2 are correct
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Only Statement 2 is correct

Statement 1: SSLV-D2 (Feb 2023) did inject EOS-07, Janus-1 and AzaadiSAT-2 into a near-circular ~450 km orbit, but the SSLV is a three-stage solid-propellant vehicle (with a small liquid VTM at the very top). 'Entirely liquid propulsion' is incorrect.
Statement 2: The SSLV is specifically designed for rapid deployment with low turnaround time and minimal ground infrastructure — small launch crew, simple integration, etc. Correct.
Hence only Statement 2 is correct.
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 12 September 2025 Shift 1 · Launch vehicles and satellites

Q184. What is the primary function of the Crew Escape System (CES) on ISRO's Human Rated LVM3 (HLVM3) rocket?

  1. (a) To guide the crew module into its designated Low Earth Orbit.
  2. (b) To eject the crew module to safety during launch emergencies.
  3. (c) To assist in docking the crew module with a space station.
  4. (d) To provide thermal shielding during re-entry into Earth's atmosphere.
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) To eject the crew module to safety during launch emergencies.

The Crew Escape System is a safety mechanism that quickly carries the crew module away from the rocket in case of any launch-pad or ascent-phase emergency.
It does not handle orbit insertion, docking or thermal shielding.
Hence, the answer is option 2.
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 12 September 2025 Shift 1 · Science and technology missions and schemes

Q185. What is the main objective of the National Framework for Climate Services (NFCS) launched in 2024?

  1. (a) To set emission trading targets
  2. (b) To regulate groundwater quality
  3. (c) To deliver sector-specific climate information services
  4. (d) To mandate carbon offsetting in the private sector
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) To deliver sector-specific climate information services

NFCS was launched by the Ministry of Earth Sciences in 2024 to deliver tailored climate information for sectors like agriculture, water, health, energy and disaster management.
Hence, the answer is option 3.
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 12 September 2025 Shift 3 · Indian space missions

Q186. In which year is the first module of the Bharatiya Antariksh Station (BAS) scheduled for launch?

  1. (a) 2028
  2. (b) 2030
  3. (c) 2035
  4. (d) 2040
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) 2028

• ISRO/Space Current Affairs:
• India's Bharatiya Antariksh Station (BAS) is planned as India's own space station.
• The first module of BAS is scheduled for launch in 2028.
• The station is planned to be fully operational by 2035.
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 12 September 2025 Shift 3 · Launch vehicles and satellites

Q187. Read the following statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Choose the correct option:
Assertion (A): The Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) is widely recognized as the workhorse launch vehicle of ISRO.
Reason (R): PSLV is highly versatile, capable of launching a diverse range of payloads into various Earth orbits (including Earth Observation, small Geosynchronous, and Navigation satellites), and boasts an exceptionally high mission success rate across its different variants.

  1. (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
  2. (b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
  3. (c) A is true, but R is false
  4. (d) A is false, but R is true
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A

• ISRO/Science and Technology:
• Assertion A: PSLV is indeed called the 'workhorse' of ISRO — TRUE.
• Reason R: PSLV is highly versatile with variants (PSLV-G, PSLV-CA, PSLV-XL), has launched 50+ missions successfully, and can place payloads in LEO, SSO, GTO — TRUE and correctly explains why it is called a workhorse.
• Both A and R are true, and R correctly explains A → Option A
RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 8 September 2025 Shift 1 · Missiles and weapon systems

Q188. What is the name of India's indigenous long-range surface-to-air missile system under development, expected to be operational by 2028–29?

  1. (a) Trishul
  2. (b) Project Kusha
  3. (c) Akash-NG
  4. (d) Agni-V
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Project Kusha

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 8 September 2025 Shift 3 · Nuclear programme and institutions

Q189. India's first prototype fast-breeder reactor to be commissioned by September 2026, is located at which of the following places?

  1. (a) Jaduguda
  2. (b) Bhavnagar
  3. (c) Tarapur
  4. (d) Kalpakkam
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Kalpakkam

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 4 September 2025 Shift 3 · Missiles and weapon systems

Q190. What does VLSRSAM stand for, which was successfully tested by the Indian Navy and Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO) in 2025?

  1. (a) Vertical-Launch Short-Range Surface-to-Air Missile
  2. (b) Very Large Surface Recon Air Missile
  3. (c) Variable Launch Strategic Recon Missile
  4. (d) Versatile Launch System for Rocket Missiles
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Vertical-Launch Short-Range Surface-to-Air Missile

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 1 September 2025 Shift 2 · Science and technology missions and schemes

Q191. The Centre of Excellence on 'Classical and Quantum Communications for 6G' inaugurated at IIT‑Madras in July 2024, functions under which umbrella programme?

  1. (a) SAMARQAND
  2. (b) MeitY FutureNET
  3. (c) IN-SPACe
  4. (d) Telecom Centres of Excellence (TCoE)‑India
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Telecom Centres of Excellence (TCoE)‑India

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 1 September 2025 Shift 3 · Indian space missions

Q192. What is the name of ISRO's mission launched in January 2024 to study the polarisation of cosmic X-rays?

  1. (a) RISAT-1
  2. (b) Aditya-L1
  3. (c) AstroSat
  4. (d) XPoSat
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) XPoSat

SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 29 August 2025 Shift 1 · Launch vehicles and satellites

Q193. What is the primary role of the INSAT-3DS satellite launched under the GSLV-F14 mission?

  1. (a) To monitor India's defense satellite communication network.
  2. (b) To provide direct-to-home broadcasting services across rural India.
  3. (c) To enhance meteorological observations and aid in weather forecasting.
  4. (d) To serve as a backup for interplanetary deep-space communications.
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) To enhance meteorological observations and aid in weather forecasting.

Correct Answer: Option 3 – To enhance meteorological observations and aid in weather forecasting
INSAT-3DS was launched by ISRO on February 17, 2024 aboard GSLV-F14. It is a dedicated meteorological satellite designed to enhance India's weather forecasting and disaster warning capabilities. Its primary instruments include an Imager (6 spectral bands for atmospheric imaging), a Sounder (19 spectral channels for atmospheric profiling), and a Data Relay Transponder. It supports the India Meteorological Department (IMD) in cyclone tracking, monsoon monitoring, and disaster risk reduction.
Option 1 (Defense satellite communication): INSAT-3DS is a civilian meteorological satellite operated by MoES (Ministry of Earth Sciences); not a defense communication satellite.
Option 2 (DTH broadcasting): DTH services use communication satellites (GSAT series); INSAT-3DS is a weather observation satellite.
Option 4 (Deep-space communications backup): Deep-space communication is handled by ISRO's Deep Space Network; INSAT-3DS is in geostationary orbit for Earth observation.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 29 August 2025 Shift 1 · Launch vehicles and satellites

Q194. Read the following statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Choose the correct option:
Assertion (A): The Reusable Launch Vehicle - Technology Demonstrator (RLV-TD) program by ISRO is a cornerstone for India's future reusable space access capabilities.
Reason (R): RLV-TD missions are specifically designed to test crucial technologies like hypersonic flight, autonomous landing systems, and the structural resilience of a winged re-entry vehicle.

  1. (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
  2. (b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
  3. (c) A is true, but R is false
  4. (d) A is false, but R is true
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A

Correct Answer: Option 1 – Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Assertion (A) is TRUE: ISRO's RLV-TD programme is India's foundational effort toward building a fully reusable launch vehicle — critical for reducing cost of access to space. Successful RLV-TD missions (HEX-01 in 2016, LEX-01/02 in 2023, REX in 2024) are building blocks for India's future Two-Stage-to-Orbit (TSTO) reusable vehicle.
Reason (R) is TRUE: RLV-TD missions have been specifically designed to validate technologies essential for reusability: (a) Hypersonic flight — re-entry at Mach 5+ with thermal protection system; (b) Autonomous landing — runway landing using GPS-based navigation (LEX missions at Aeronautical Test Range, Chitradurga ); (c) Structural resilience of the winged body during atmospheric re-entry.
R correctly explains A: The technological capabilities being demonstrated (hypersonic flight, autonomous landing, structural resilience) are precisely what make RLV-TD the cornerstone of India's reusable space access — R directly explains A.
RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 29 August 2025 Shift 1 · Military aircraft, warships and vehicles

Q195. What is the name of the Indian Light Tank that achieved a major milestone in high-altitude firing trials in December 2024?

  1. (a) Zorawar
  2. (b) Vijayanta
  3. (c) Arjun
  4. (d) Bhishma
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Zorawar

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 28 August 2025 Shift 2 · Military aircraft, warships and vehicles

Q196. As per the Ministry of Defence’s Year End Review 2024 (PIB), what is the number of C-295 aircraft to be indigenously built by TASL in India?

  1. (a) 56
  2. (b) 72
  3. (c) 40
  4. (d) 65
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) 40

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 28 August 2025 Shift 2 · Science and technology missions and schemes

Q197. The DBT‑funded project that first produced a GMP‑grade viral vector for Indian CAR‑T research was supported under which flagship scheme?

  1. (a) National Biopharma Mission
  2. (b) Biotechnology Ignition Grant
  3. (c) Atal Jai Anusandhan
  4. (d) PACE
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) National Biopharma Mission

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 28 August 2025 Shift 2 · ISRO - history and centres

Q198. The _____ developed 32-bit microprocessors for space applications named VIKRAM3201 and KALPANA3201.

  1. (a) Indian Space Research Organization
  2. (b) European Space Agency
  3. (c) National Aeronautics and Space Administration
  4. (d) Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Indian Space Research Organization

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 28 August 2025 Shift 3 · Launch vehicles and satellites

Q199. What is the name of India’s first satellite, which completed 50 years in April 2025 and was launched in 1975?

  1. (a) Aryabhata
  2. (b) Bhaskara
  3. (c) Rohini
  4. (d) INSAT-1A
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Aryabhata

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 28 August 2025 Shift 3 · Indian armed forces - structure and ranks

Q200. Which of the following is NOT a Central Armed Police Force?

  1. (a) Indo-Tibetan Border Police
  2. (b) Central Reserve Police Force
  3. (c) Border Security Force
  4. (d) Criminal Investigation Department
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Criminal Investigation Department

123

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