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Music and Musical Instruments PYQs – Static GK, SSC & Railway

262 Music and Musical Instruments (Static GK) questions asked in recent SSC and Railway exams, newest first, with exam, date & shift, answers and solutions – page 2 of 3.

📚 262 questionsSSC 200 · Railway 62
123
RRB JE CBT-1 2025-26 – 19 February 2026 · Carnatic music

Q101. The term 'Ragam-Tanam-Pallavi' is associated with which style of Indian music?

  1. (a) Folk Music
  2. (b) Sufi Music
  3. (c) Hindustani Music
  4. (d) Carnatic Music
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Carnatic Music

The term 'Ragam-Tanam-Pallavi' belongs to the South Indian classical music tradition.
It is a central piece in Carnatic Music compositions and performances.
Ragam refers to the melodic improvisation, Tanam to the rhythmic improvisation, and Pallavi is the thematic line sung.
This style is distinct from Hindustani Music and other styles like Folk or Sufi Music.
Hence, the correct answer is Carnatic Music.
SSC MTS 2025 – 18 February 2026 Shift 1 · Folk music and songs by state

Q102. 'Bihu- geet ', a popular form of folk music, belongs to which Indian state?

  1. (a) Kerala
  2. (b) Assam
  3. (c) Uttarakhand
  4. (d) Odisha
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Assam

'Bihu- geet ' is a popular form of folk music associated with Assam. It is sung during the Bihu festival, which is the most important festival of Assam celebrated three times a year. Kerala, Uttarakhand, and Odisha have their own distinct folk music traditions but are not associated with Bihu- geet .
SSC MTS 2025 – 18 February 2026 Shift 1 · Musical instruments and exponents

Q103. The monastic orchestra that uses the instrument ' Gyaling ' (oboe) is associated with _____.

  1. (a) Goa
  2. (b) Ladakh
  3. (c) Punjab
  4. (d) Bihar
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Ladakh

The Gyaling (a Tibetan oboe or shawm) is used in monastic orchestras associated with Ladakh. It is an important instrument in Tibetan Buddhist monastery music and is played during religious ceremonies and festivals in the Himalayan region. Goa, Punjab, and Bihar have their own musical traditions not involving the Gyaling .
SSC MTS 2025 – 18 February 2026 Shift 2 · Hindustani music (ragas, gharanas)

Q104. The raga 'Bilaval', named after Veraval, is traditionally associated with which Indian state?

  1. (a) Kerala
  2. (b) Gujarat
  3. (c) Sikkim
  4. (d) Uttar Pradesh
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Gujarat

The correct answer is option 2.
Raga Bilaval (also spelled Bilawal) is named after Veraval, a coastal town in Gujarat. It is one of the ten fundamental parent ragas ( Thaats ) in Hindustani classical music and has its traditional origins linked to the Gujarat region.
Option 1 is incorrect: Kerala follows the Carnatic classical music tradition and is not associated with Raga Bilaval.
Option 3 is incorrect: Sikkim does not have a historical connection to Raga Bilaval or the town of Veraval.
Option 4 is incorrect: Uttar Pradesh is a major centre of Hindustani classical music, but Raga Bilaval is specifically named after Veraval in Gujarat.
SSC MTS 2025 – 18 February 2026 Shift 2 · Carnatic music

Q105. It is said that South Indian Music, as known today, flourished in _____, the capital city of the Yadavas in the middle ages .

  1. (a) Hampi
  2. (b) Kaveripattinam
  3. (c) Deogiri
  4. (d) Bidar
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Deogiri

The correct answer is option 3.
Deogiri (also known as Devagiri; modern-day Daulatabad near Aurangabad, Maharashtra) was the capital of the Yadava dynasty during the medieval period. South Indian classical music is said to have flourished under Yadava patronage at Deogiri , making it an important centre for the development of classical music traditions.
Option 1 is incorrect: Hampi was the capital of the Vijayanagara Empire, not the Yadavas. It was a great cultural centre but is not specifically linked to the Yadava patronage of South Indian music.
Option 2 is incorrect: Kaveripattinam (Puhar) was an ancient Chola port city in Tamil Nadu, not the Yadava capital.
Option 4 is incorrect: Bidar was the capital of the Bahmani Sultanate and later the Barid Shahi dynasty, not the Yadavas.
SSC MTS 2025 – 18 February 2026 Shift 3 · Folk music and songs by state

Q106. In the context of ' Rasiya ' folk songs of Uttar Pradesh, what does the word ' bumb ' refer to?

  1. (a) Mini guitars
  2. (b) Soft flutes
  3. (c) Heavy cymbals
  4. (d) Large drums
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Large drums

The correct answer is option 4.
Rasiya is a popular folk music tradition of the Braj region of Uttar Pradesh, associated with the devotional songs of Radha and Krishna. In this context, ' bumb ' refers to large drums ( dhol -type percussion instruments) that provide the rhythmic foundation for the Rasiya performance.
Option 1 is incorrect: Mini guitars are not a part of traditional Rasiya folk music instruments.
Option 2 is incorrect: Soft flutes (bansuri) are associated with Krishna's music but the word ' bumb ' specifically refers to drums.
Option 3 is incorrect: Heavy cymbals are different percussion instruments; ' bumb ' specifically refers to large drums.
SSC MTS 2025 – 17 February 2026 Shift 1 · Folk music and songs by state

Q107. ' Bhawaiya ' folk songs, sung solo or in chorus, are traditionally associated with which Indian state?

  1. (a) Rajasthan
  2. (b) Kerala
  3. (c) West Bengal
  4. (d) Andhra Pradesh
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) West Bengal

Bhawaiya folk songs are traditionally associated with West Bengal, particularly the North Bengal region (Cooch Behar and Jalpaiguri districts). They are sung in a slow, melancholic tune and often depict the pangs of separation. Rajasthan, Kerala, and Andhra Pradesh have their own folk traditions but are not associated with Bhawaiya .
SSC MTS 2025 – 17 February 2026 Shift 1 · Musical instruments and exponents

Q108. ' Bhankora ' musical instrument is related with which of the following state?

  1. (a) Tamil Nadu
  2. (b) Rajasthan
  3. (c) Kerala
  4. (d) Uttarakhand
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Uttarakhand

Bhankora is a traditional wind instrument (long curved horn) from Uttarakhand, used in religious festivals and ceremonies in the hill districts of the state. Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan, and Kerala have their own distinct folk instruments and are not associated with Bhankora .
SSC MTS 2025 – 17 February 2026 Shift 2 · Musical instruments and exponents

Q109. 'Asem', a traditional musical instrument of Nagaland, belongs to which category?

  1. (a) Flute
  2. (b) Guitar
  3. (c) Drum
  4. (d) Harmonium
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Drum

'Asem' is a traditional drum of Nagaland, belonging to the percussion (membranophone) category. It is used during festivals and tribal ceremonies. It is not a flute (wind/aerophone), not a guitar (string/chordophone), and not a harmonium (keyboard/aerophone).
SSC MTS 2025 – 17 February 2026 Shift 3 · Hindustani music (ragas, gharanas)

Q110. The Jaipur- Atrauli Gharana, known for its complex and melodic style, was founded by whom?

  1. (a) Ustad Amir Khan
  2. (b) Ustad Vilayat Khan
  3. (c) Ustad Alladiya Khan
  4. (d) Pandit Bhimsen Joshi
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Ustad Alladiya Khan

The Jaipur- Atrauli Gharana of Hindustani classical music was founded by Ustad Alladiya Khan in the late 19th century. It is known for its complex, intricate style and rare ragas. Ustad Amir Khan founded the Indore Gharana; Ustad Vilayat Khan was a sitar maestro; Pandit Bhimsen Joshi belonged to the Kirana Gharana.
SSC MTS 2025 – 17 February 2026 Shift 3 · Folk music and songs by state

Q111. Shakunakhar – Mangalgeet are related to the region of _____.

  1. (a) Kumaon
  2. (b) Vidarbha
  3. (c) Saurashtra
  4. (d) Konkan
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Kumaon

Shakunakhar and Mangalgeet are traditional folk music forms (auspicious songs sung during weddings and festivals) of the Kumaon region of Uttarakhand. They are an important part of Kumaoni cultural heritage. Vidarbha, Saurashtra, and Konkan have their own folk traditions but are not associated with these specific forms.
SSC MTS 2025 – 16 February 2026 Shift 1 · Folk music and songs by state

Q112. In which Indian state are ' Chhopati ' folk songs traditionally performed?

  1. (a) Manipur
  2. (b) Jharkhand
  3. (c) Uttarakhand
  4. (d) West Bengal
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Uttarakhand

Chhopati (also called Chhopta or Chopati ) folk songs are a traditional folk music form from Uttarakhand. They are sung during festivals, agricultural activities, and social gatherings, reflecting the cultural heritage of the Kumaon and Garhwal regions of the state.
Why other options are incorrect:
- Manipur: Known for classical Manipuri dance and folk forms like Lai Haraoba; Chhopati is not associated with Manipur.
- Jharkhand: Has its own tribal folk traditions like Jhumar and Paika ; Chhopati belongs to Uttarakhand.
- West Bengal: Known for Baul music, Kirtan, and other forms; Chhopati is not a West Bengal tradition.
SSC MTS 2025 – 16 February 2026 Shift 1 · Hindustani music (ragas, gharanas)

Q113. In structure dhrupad has ____ parts and the dhrupad proper is a song in ____ parts.

  1. (a) 2, 4
  2. (b) 5, 4
  3. (c) 6, 8
  4. (d) 8, 8
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) 2, 4

In its overall structure, dhrupad has 2 main parts: (1) the Alap (also known as Nom-Tom), which is an extended improvisatory introduction, and (2) the Dhrupad proper (the bandish /composition). The dhrupad proper (the song/composition itself) is structured in 4 parts: Sthayi (the refrain), Antara (the first variation), Sanchari (development), and Abhog (the conclusion).
Why other options are incorrect:
- 5, 4: Dhrupad does not have 5 main structural parts; the overall structure has 2 main divisions.
- 6, 8: Neither the overall structure (6) nor the song parts (8) are correct for dhrupad.
- 8, 8: Incorrect on both counts; dhrupad has 2 structural parts and the song has 4 sections.
SSC MTS 2025 – 16 February 2026 Shift 2 · Hindustani music (ragas, gharanas)

Q114. Which Gharana is the classical singer Shruti Sadolikar associated with?

  1. (a) Jaipur-Atrauli Gharana
  2. (b) Bhendibazaar Gharana
  3. (c) Agra Gharana
  4. (d) Patiala Gharana
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Jaipur-Atrauli Gharana

Dr. Shruti Sadolikar is a renowned Hindustani classical vocalist associated with the Jaipur-Atrauli Gharana (also known as Jaipur Gharana). She was a disciple of Kesarbai Kerkar and is one of the most prominent exponents of this gharana, known for its complex and intricate compositions (bandishes) and emphasis on ragas.
Why other options are incorrect:
- Bhendibazaar Gharana: Associated with vocalists like Ustad Aman Ali Khan; Shruti Sadolikar belongs to Jaipur-Atrauli.
- Agra Gharana: Known for its forceful dhrupad-influenced style; Shruti Sadolikar is not associated with it.
- Patiala Gharana: Known for its ornate, thumri-influenced style; not associated with Shruti Sadolikar.
SSC MTS 2025 – 16 February 2026 Shift 2 · Musical instruments and exponents

Q115. Which of the following group of musical instruments are known as Aerophones?

  1. (a) Ghan Vadya
  2. (b) Tat Vadya
  3. (c) Avanaddha Vadya
  4. (d) Sushir Vadya
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Sushir Vadya

Aerophones are wind instruments — instruments that produce sound primarily through the vibration of a column of air. In Indian classical music classification, wind instruments are called Sushir Vadya (e.g., flute/bansuri, shehnai, nadaswaram, pungi). The term 'Sushir' means hollow/wind.
Why other options are incorrect:
- Ghan Vadya: Solid/idiophone instruments that produce sound by striking (e.g., cymbals, ghungroo, manjira); not aerophones.
- Tat Vadya: String instruments (chordophones) like veena, sitar, sarod, and sarangi; not aerophones.
- Avanaddha Vadya: Membranophone/percussion instruments covered with skin (e.g., tabla, mridangam, dholak); not aerophones.
SSC MTS 2025 – 13 February 2026 Shift 2 · Folk music and songs by state

Q116. In 'Burrakatha', the lead singer plays which instrument?

  1. (a) Flute
  2. (b) Guitar
  3. (c) Veena
  4. (d) Tambura
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Tambura

Burrakatha is a traditional Telugu folk art form from Andhra Pradesh. The lead singer (Kathakadudu) plays the Tambura (also called Tamburi or Jamidika — a small drum worn around the neck), while narrating stories, usually of epic or mythological themes. Two supporting performers (Hasyakadudu and Rajakudu) assist with comic and narrative elements.
Why other options are incorrect:
- Flute: Not the instrument of the lead singer in Burrakatha.
- Guitar: A Western stringed instrument not associated with this folk form.
- Veena: A classical Indian string instrument; not used in Burrakatha performance.
SSC MTS 2025 – 13 February 2026 Shift 3 · Devotional and semi-classical song forms

Q117. Which Indian region is known for the monastic music tradition that includes sacred chants with drumbeats called 'Yang'?

  1. (a) Kerala
  2. (b) Goa
  3. (c) Ladakh
  4. (d) Gujarat
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Ladakh

Yang (also called Yangchen or Yang chanting) is a Tibetan Buddhist monastic music tradition associated with Ladakh. It involves deep, resonant sacred chanting by monks accompanied by specific drumbeats and ritual instruments. This tradition is practised in the monasteries of Ladakh as part of religious ceremonies and is a UNESCO recognised Intangible Cultural Heritage.
Why other options are incorrect:
- Kerala: Known for Theyyam , Kathakali, and Sopana music; Yang chanting is not associated with Kerala.
- Goa: Known for Goan folk music and Konkani traditions; Yang is not from Goa.
- Gujarat: Known for Garba and Bhavai ; the Yang monastic tradition is specific to Ladakh.
SSC MTS 2025 – 12 February 2026 Shift 1 · Devotional and semi-classical song forms

Q118. ' Padavali Kirtans', sung in devotional gatherings, are traditionally associated with which Indian state?

  1. (a) Haryana
  2. (b) West Bengal
  3. (c) Karnataka
  4. (d) Telangana
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) West Bengal

Correct Answer: Option 2 – West Bengal
Padavali Kirtans are devotional songs sung in praise of Radha and Krishna, deeply rooted in the Vaishnava tradition of Bengal. They originated from the poetry ( Padavali ) of medieval Vaishnava poets like Chandidas and Vidyapati. This musical tradition is an integral part of the religious and cultural heritage of West Bengal.
Why other options are wrong:
Option 1 (Haryana): Haryana has its own folk music traditions like Ragini and Saang , but not Padavali Kirtans.
Option 3 (Karnataka): Known for Carnatic music and Yakshagana ; Padavali Kirtans are not from Karnataka.
Option 4 (Telangana): Known for Perini Sivatandavam and Lambadi folk traditions; not associated with Padavali Kirtans.
SSC MTS 2025 – 12 February 2026 Shift 3 · Folk music and songs by state

Q119. 'Pankhida', sung by peasants while working in the fields, is a traditional song of which Indian state?

  1. (a) Karnataka
  2. (b) Rajasthan
  3. (c) Telangana
  4. (d) Manipur
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Rajasthan

Correct Answer: Option 2 – Rajasthan
Pankhida is a traditional folk song of Rajasthan, sung by peasants and workers while working in fields. The songs typically express themes of nature, love, longing, and daily rural life. Rajasthan has a rich folk music tradition including Mand, Ghoomar, and Pankhida songs.
Why other options are wrong:
Option 1 (Karnataka): Karnataka has its own folk traditions; Pankhida is not associated with Karnataka.
Option 3 (Telangana): Telangana has folk traditions like Bathukamma; Pankhida is not from Telangana.
Option 4 (Manipur): Manipur has a distinct cultural tradition including classical Manipuri dance; Pankhida is not from Manipur.
SSC MTS 2025 – 11 February 2026 Shift 2 · Folk music and songs by state

Q120. During which occasion is the ' Pathori Geet' of Chhattisgarh traditionally sung?

  1. (a) Birth of a child
  2. (b) Holi celebration
  3. (c) Worship of Goddess Lakshmi
  4. (d) Bidding farewell to a newly-wed bride
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Bidding farewell to a newly-wed bride

The correct answer is Bidding farewell to a newly-wed bride (Option 4). ' Pathori Geet' is a traditional folk song of Chhattisgarh that is sung during the occasion of bidding farewell to a newly-wed bride when she leaves her maternal home. It is an emotional song reflecting the sentiments of the family. Option 1 (Birth of a child) corresponds to different folk songs like 'Sohar.' Options 2 and 3 are not associated with Pathori Geet.
SSC MTS 2025 – 11 February 2026 Shift 3 · Carnatic music

Q121. The advent of Purandaradasa , in the year _____, marked a very important landmark in the development of Carnatic music.

  1. (a) 1218
  2. (b) 1310
  3. (c) 1576
  4. (d) 1484
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) 1484

The correct answer is 1484 (Option 4). Purandaradasa (1484–1564) is regarded as the 'Pitamaha of Carnatic music' (Grandfather/Father of Carnatic music). He was born in 1484 and is credited with systematizing Carnatic music by creating graded lessons and compositions. He composed thousands of kritis and keertanas . Options 1 (1218), 2 (1310), and 3 (1576) are incorrect years.
SSC MTS 2025 – 10 February 2026 Shift 1 · Folk music and songs by state

Q122. ' Jhumti ' song is associated with which Indian state/UT?

  1. (a) Jharkhand
  2. (b) Andhra Pradesh
  3. (c) Lakshadweep
  4. (d) Andaman and Nicobar
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Jharkhand

Correct Answer: 1 – Jharkhand.
Jhumti is a traditional folk song associated with the tribal communities of Jharkhand. It is sung during festivals, harvesting seasons, and social gatherings by the indigenous people of the region. Jharkhand has a rich tradition of tribal folk music and songs.
Andhra Pradesh (Option 2), Lakshadweep (Option 3), and Andaman and Nicobar (Option 4) are not associated with Jhumti songs.
SSC MTS 2025 – 10 February 2026 Shift 2 · Musical instruments and exponents

Q123. Which instrument is associated with U. Srinivas?

  1. (a) Sitar
  2. (b) Mandolin
  3. (c) Tambura
  4. (d) Nadaswaram
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Mandolin

Correct Answer: 2 – Mandolin.
Uppalapu Srinivas (U. Srinivas), popularly known as "Mandolin Srinivas," was a renowned Indian Carnatic musician who adapted the Western electric mandolin for Carnatic classical music. He was a child prodigy and achieved international recognition. He received the Padma Shri award and was celebrated as one of the greatest musicians in the Carnatic tradition.
Sitar (Option 1) is a North Indian classical instrument associated with Ravi Shankar and others.
Tambura (Option 3) is a drone instrument used as an accompaniment in Indian classical music.
Nadaswaram (Option 4) is a South Indian wind instrument associated with temple music.
SSC MTS 2025 – 10 February 2026 Shift 2 · Musical instruments and exponents

Q124. Ustad Zakir Hussain, a famous Indian musician, is a maestro of which musical instrument?

  1. (a) Sitar
  2. (b) Tabla
  3. (c) Flute
  4. (d) Violin
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Tabla

Correct Answer: 2 – Tabla.
Ustad Zakir Hussain (1951–2024) was one of the greatest tabla players in the world. He was born in Mumbai into a musical family – his father, Alla Rakha, was also a legendary tabla player. Zakir Hussain received the Padma Shri (1988), Padma Bhushan (2002), Padma Vibhushan (2023), and multiple Grammy Awards. He is considered a genius who elevated the tabla to a global concert instrument.
Sitar (Option 1) is associated with Ravi Shankar and Vilayat Khan.
Flute (Option 3) is associated with Pandit Hariprasad Chaurasia.
Violin (Option 4) is associated with Dr. L. Subramaniam and others.
SSC MTS 2025 – 10 February 2026 Shift 3 · Musical instruments and exponents

Q125. Which of the following is a Sushir Vadya?

  1. (a) Hath ghanti
  2. (b) Pena
  3. (c) Bargu
  4. (d) Sagna
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Bargu

The correct answer is Bargu (Option 3). Sushir Vadya refers to wind instruments (aerophones) in Indian classical music. Bargu is a traditional wind instrument (flute-type) from the tribal communities of Odisha/Jharkhand. Option 1 (Hath ghanti / handbell) is a Ghana Vadya (percussion/idiophone). Option 2 (Pena) is a string instrument (Tata Vadya) from Manipur. Option 4 (Sagna) is a percussion instrument (Avanaddha Vadya).
SSC MTS 2025 – 9 February 2026 Shift 3 · Hindustani music (ragas, gharanas)

Q126. The 'Saptak Music Festival' in Gujarat is celebrated in which city?

  1. (a) Surat
  2. (b) Rajkot
  3. (c) Vadodara
  4. (d) Ahmedabad
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Ahmedabad

Correct Answer: 4 – Ahmedabad.
The Saptak Annual Music Festival is one of India's most prestigious classical music festivals, held every year in Ahmedabad, Gujarat. It is organised by the Saptak School of Music and is held during the first week of January. It features performances by top Hindustani and Carnatic classical musicians.
Surat (Option 1), Rajkot (Option 2), and Vadodara (Option 3) do not host the Saptak Music Festival.
SSC MTS 2025 – 9 February 2026 Shift 3 · Hindustani music (ragas, gharanas)

Q127. In Haripala's "Sangeeta Sudhakara", written in the _____ century A.D., the terms Carnatic and Hindustani are found for the first time.

  1. (a) 6
  2. (b) 14
  3. (c) 18
  4. (d) 8
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) 14

Correct Answer: 2 – 14th century A.D.
Haripala's "Sangeeta Sudhakara" was written in the 14th century AD. This Sanskrit text is historically significant because it is one of the earliest texts where the terms "Carnatic" and "Hindustani" are used to refer to the two distinct streams of Indian classical music. This marks the beginning of the formal distinction between North Indian (Hindustani) and South Indian (Carnatic) classical music traditions.
Options 1 (6th century), 3 (18th century), and 4 (8th century) are incorrect.
SSC MTS 2025 – 6 February 2026 Shift 2 · Carnatic music

Q128. Which of the following is correct regarding Gitam?
I. It is the simplest type of composition.
II. It is very simple in construction, with an easy and melodious flow of music.

  1. (a) Only I
  2. (b) Only II
  3. (c) Both I and II
  4. (d) Neither I nor II
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Both I and II

Correct Answer: 3 (Both I and II)
Gitam is a classical vocal form in Carnatic music. It is considered the simplest type of composition and is typically taught to beginners in Carnatic music.
Statement I is CORRECT: Gitam is indeed the simplest type of composition in Carnatic music.
Statement II is CORRECT: Gitam is very simple in construction, has straightforward lyrics and melody, and features an easy, melodious, and smooth flow of music without complex ornamentations.
Therefore, Both I and II are correct.
SSC MTS 2025 – 6 February 2026 Shift 3 · Musical instruments and exponents

Q129. Which of the following is a Tat Vadya?

  1. (a) Para
  2. (b) Dandia
  3. (c) Dilruba
  4. (d) Flute
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Dilruba

Correct Answer: 3 (Dilruba)
Indian musical instruments are classified into four categories (Chaturvidha Vadya):
- Tat Vadya (string instruments): Sitar, Sarod, Veena, Dilruba, Sarangi, Violin
- Sushir Vadya (wind instruments): Flute (Bansuri), Shehnai, Harmonium
- Avanaddha Vadya (membranophone/percussion): Tabla, Mridangam, Dholak
- Ghan Vadya (solid percussion): Cymbals, Manjira, Ghatam
Dilruba is a bowed string instrument (Tat Vadya) used in Sikh devotional music and Indian classical music.
Option 1 (Para) is incorrect - Para is not a standard Tat Vadya.
Option 2 (Dandia) is incorrect - Dandia sticks are Ghan Vadya (solid percussion).
Option 4 (Flute) is incorrect - Flute is a Sushir Vadya (wind instrument).
SSC MTS 2025 – 5 February 2026 Shift 1 · Musical instruments and exponents

Q130. Which of the following group of musical instruments are known as Membranophones?

  1. (a) Ghan Vadya
  2. (b) Tat Vadya
  3. (c) Avanaddha Vadya
  4. (d) Sushir Vadya
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Avanaddha Vadya

Correct Answer: Avanaddha Vadya
Membranophones are instruments that produce sound through a vibrating stretched membrane (skin). In Indian classical music, Avanaddha Vadya refers to percussion instruments with a membrane, such as Tabla , Mridangam, Dholak, Pakhawaj , and Dhol .
Why other options are wrong:
Ghan Vadya - Idiophones (solid/self-sounding instruments like cymbals, bells, ghatam).
Tat Vadya - Chordophones (string instruments like sitar, veena, sarod).
Sushir Vadya - Aerophones (wind instruments like flute, shehnai, harmonium).
SSC MTS 2025 – 5 February 2026 Shift 2 · Folk music and songs by state

Q131. 'Sanjha', a melodious folk song usually sung by young girls in groups, is associated with which Indian state?

  1. (a) Kerala
  2. (b) Punjab
  3. (c) Telangana
  4. (d) Madhya Pradesh
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Madhya Pradesh

Correct Answer: Madhya Pradesh
Sanjha is a traditional folk art and musical tradition of Madhya Pradesh, where young girls create wall paintings (using cow dung and flower patterns) and sing devotional songs in groups during the evenings, especially during the Pitru Paksha and early autumn period.
Why other options are wrong:
Kerala - Known for Sopana Sangeetha and Mappila Paattu folk music.
Punjab - Known for Bhangra, Giddha, and Jugni folk traditions.
Telangana - Known for Perini Shivatandavam and Lambadi folk traditions.
SSC MTS 2025 – 5 February 2026 Shift 2 · Hindustani music (ragas, gharanas)

Q132. The raga 'Sorathi' derives its name from the region located in _____.

  1. (a) Punjab
  2. (b) Tripura
  3. (c) Gujarat
  4. (d) Jammu and Kashmir
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Gujarat

Correct Answer: Gujarat
Raga Sorathi derives its name from the 'Sorath' or 'Saurashtra' region of Gujarat. Saurashtra (also called Sorath historically) is the peninsula in western Gujarat. The raga is deeply associated with the folk music and cultural traditions of this region.
Why other options are wrong:
Punjab - Punjab is associated with ragas like Bhairon and Bilawal.
Tripura - A northeastern state; not associated with raga Sorathi.
Jammu and Kashmir - Associated with Kashmiri folk music traditions like Chakri.
SSC MTS 2025 – 5 February 2026 Shift 3 · Folk music and songs by state

Q133. 'Burrakatha', a traditional ballad that primarily narrates mythological stories, is a folk art of which Indian state?

  1. (a) Kerala
  2. (b) Bihar
  3. (c) Madhya Pradesh
  4. (d) Andhra Pradesh
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Andhra Pradesh

Correct Answer: Andhra Pradesh
Burrakatha is a traditional folk narrative art form of Andhra Pradesh (also Telangana). The performer uses a Burra (a string instrument made of leather) and two wooden clappers (kinnera and gummeta) to narrate mythological stories with singing, dialogue, and dance. It has also been used to spread social messages.
Why other options are wrong:
Kerala - Has its own folk forms like Ottamthullal and Koodiyattam.
Bihar - Known for Bidesia and Jat-Jatin folk forms.
Madhya Pradesh - Known for Pandwani and Rai folk traditions.
SSC MTS 2025 – 5 February 2026 Shift 3 · Folk music and songs by state

Q134. Daskathia is a form of ballad singing prevalent in _____.

  1. (a) Punjab
  2. (b) Tamil Nadu
  3. (c) Maharashtra
  4. (d) Odisha
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Odisha

Correct Answer: Odisha
Daskathia (also called Daskathiya) is a traditional folk narrative and ballad-singing art form of Odisha. The performer uses two pieces of wood (kathi sticks) to create rhythmic beats while narrating devotional stories, particularly about Lord Jagannath and other deities, through singing and acting.
Why other options are wrong:
Punjab - Known for Dhadi and Alahuni ballad traditions.
Tamil Nadu - Known for Villupattu (bow-song) and Koothu folk traditions.
Maharashtra - Known for Powada (ballad) and Gondhal folk traditions.
SSC MTS 2025 – 4 February 2026 Shift 3 · Hindustani music (ragas, gharanas)

Q135. Which of the following statement is correct regarding thumri?
I. The thumri is very lyrical in its structure and presentation.
II. Thumri is a love song and hence the textual beauty is very important.

  1. (a) Only I
  2. (b) Only II
  3. (c) Both I and II
  4. (d) Neither I nor II
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Both I and II

Correct Answer: Both I and II
Both statements are correct:
Statement I: Thumri is a semi-classical vocal genre of Hindustani music known for its highly lyrical, romantic, and expressive style.
Statement II: Thumri is a form of love song (often depicting the love of Radha-Krishna) where textual beauty (sahitya) and emotional expression (bhav) are central.
Since both I and II are correct, the answer is Both I and II.
Delhi Police Head Constable (Ministerial) 2025-26 – 12 January 2026 Shift 2 · Musical instruments and exponents

Q136. Which of the following instruments are correctly matched with their use or performance context?
1. Sri-khol - Kirtan
2. Ektara - Baul singing
3. Dhol - Rabha war dance

  1. (a) 1 and 2 only
  2. (b) 2 and 3 only
  3. (c) 1 and 3 only
  4. (d) 1, 2 and 3 are correct
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) 1, 2 and 3 are correct

All three (1, 2 and 3) are correctly matched:
• Sri-khol (Khol) – Kirtan: The khol is a clay/terracotta barrel drum used prominently in Bengali and Assamese kirtan (devotional singing), particularly associated with Vaishnavite traditions and the Bhakti movement.
• Ektara – Baul singing: The ektara is a single-stringed drone instrument used by Baul folk singers of Bengal. It is synonymous with Baul music and the wandering mystic-poet tradition.
• Dhol – Rabha war dance: The dhol (double-headed drum) is used in the Rabha community's traditional war dances and folk performances. The Rabha tribe of Assam uses the dhol prominently in their cultural ceremonies.
Since all three pairs are correctly matched, '1, 2 and 3 are correct' is the right answer.
Delhi Police Head Constable (Ministerial) 2025-26 – 10 January 2026 Shift 1 · Musical instruments and exponents

Q137. Which of the following is a key difference in playing technique between Pakhawaj and Tabla?

  1. (a) Tabla is played standing, Pakhawaj is played sitting.
  2. (b) Pakhawaj uses flat hand strokes, Tabla uses fingertips.
  3. (c) Pakhawaj uses a mallet, while Tabla uses hands.
  4. (d) Pakhawaj uses open notes only, Tabla uses closed notes only.
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Pakhawaj uses flat hand strokes, Tabla uses fingertips.

A key technical difference is that Pakhawaj (a barrel-shaped drum) is played using the full flat palm and broad hand strokes to produce deep, resonant tones, while Tabla is played using precise fingertip techniques on two separate drums (dayan and bayan) to produce a wide range of distinct tones.
(1) Both Pakhawaj and Tabla are played in a seated position; neither is played standing.
(3) Neither instrument uses a mallet; both are played entirely with the hands.
(4) Both instruments can produce various tonal qualities; neither is limited to exclusively open or closed notes.
Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 6 January 2026 Shift 1 · Hindustani music (ragas, gharanas)

Q138. Raga Shankara is a Hindustani classical raga performed at a specific time. During which part of the day is it traditionally rendered, conveying a meditative and devotional mood?

  1. (a) Morning
  2. (b) Afternoon
  3. (c) Evening
  4. (d) Night
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Night

The correct answer is (d) Night.
Raga Shankara is a Hindustani classical raga traditionally performed at night, typically in the late evening to midnight hours. It belongs to the Kalyan Thaat (parent scale) and evokes a mood of devotion, depth, and spiritual contemplation — qualities associated with nighttime in Indian classical music. It is dedicated to Lord Shiva (Shankara).
(a) Morning: Morning ragas typically include Bhairav, Lalit, Ahir Bhairav, and Bhatiyar; Raga Shankara is not a morning raga.
(b) Afternoon: Afternoon ragas include Bhoopali, Bhimpalasi, and Multani; not associated with Raga Shankara.
(c) Evening: Evening ragas include Yaman, Puriya, and Marwa; while Raga Shankara has some evening associations in some gharanas, it is primarily classified as a night raga.
Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 6 January 2026 Shift 2 · Musicians and singers

Q139. Pandit Ravi Shankar, renowned globally for his performances and compositions, was primarily associated with which Indian classical musical instrument?

  1. (a) Tabla
  2. (b) Sitar
  3. (c) Sarod
  4. (d) Santoor
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Sitar

The correct answer is (b) Sitar.
Pandit Ravi Shankar (1920-2012) was one of the greatest musicians of the 20th century and is most renowned for his mastery of the Sitar. He brought Indian classical music to global audiences through collaborations with George Harrison of The Beatles, concerts at Woodstock and Monterey Pop Festival, and his founding of Kinnara School of Music.
(a) Tabla : A percussion instrument; played by tabla maestros like Zakir Hussain; not the instrument associated with Ravi Shankar.
(c) Sarod: A stringed instrument associated with Ustad Ali Akbar Khan and Amjad Ali Khan; not Ravi Shankar's instrument.
(d) Santoor: A hammered dulcimer from Kashmir, associated with Pandit Shiv Kumar Sharma; not Ravi Shankar's primary instrument.
Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 6 January 2026 Shift 2 · Hindustani music (ragas, gharanas)

Q140. Raga Jaunpuri in Hindustani classical music is derived from which thaat , often performed in late morning sessions and conveying gentle, devotional moods?

  1. (a) Bilawal
  2. (b) Kafi
  3. (c) Asavari
  4. (d) Bhairav
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Asavari

The correct answer is (c) Asavari.
Raga Jaunpuri is derived from the Asavari Thaat (parent scale) in Hindustani classical music. Like the Asavari Thaat , it uses the Komal (flat) Ga, Dha, and Ni. Raga Jaunpuri is performed during late morning hours (approximately 9 AM to noon) and conveys a mood of gentle pathos and devotion ( karunak ). It is named after the city of Jaunpur in Uttar Pradesh.
(a) Bilawal Thaat : The parent scale of ragas like Bilawal and Alhaiya Bilawal; uses all shuddha (natural) notes; Jaunpuri is not from this thaat .
(b) Kafi Thaat : Uses Komal Ga and Ni; parent of ragas like Kafi, Bageshri, Bhimpalasi ; Jaunpuri belongs to Asavari, not Kafi.
(d) Bhairav Thaat : Uses Komal Re and Dha; parent of early morning ragas; Jaunpuri belongs to Asavari, not Bhairav.
Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 6 January 2026 Shift 3 · Hindustani music (ragas, gharanas)

Q141. In Hindustani classical music, Raga Yaman is derived from which thaat, characterized by Tivra Ma, and often performed in evening concerts with serene and devotional melodies?

  1. (a) Bilawal
  2. (b) Kalyan
  3. (c) Bhairav
  4. (d) Kafi
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Kalyan

The correct answer is (b) Kalyan.
Raga Yaman is derived from the Kalyan Thaat (parent scale) in Hindustani classical music. The defining characteristic is the use of Tivra (sharp) Madhyama (Ma) — the only note that distinguishes Kalyan Thaat from Bilawal Thaat. Yaman is a deeply serene, devotional raga performed at the beginning of evening (sunset to late evening).
(a) Bilawal Thaat: Uses all shuddha (natural) swaras including shuddha Ma; Yaman uses Tivra Ma, placing it in Kalyan, not Bilawal.
(c) Bhairav Thaat: Uses Komal Re and Komal Dha; associated with early morning ragas — quite different from Yaman's structure and time.
(d) Kafi Thaat: Uses Komal Ga and Komal Ni; associated with holi season ragas; completely different structure from Yaman.
Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 6 January 2026 Shift 3 · Hindustani music (ragas, gharanas)

Q142. Raga Bageshree is typically performed during which time, conveying moods of longing, devotion, and serenity in Hindustani classical music?

  1. (a) Morning
  2. (b) Noon
  3. (c) Evening
  4. (d) Night
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Night

The correct answer is (d) Night.
Raga Bageshree is a late-night raga in Hindustani classical music, typically performed in the third prahar of the night (approximately midnight to 3 AM). It belongs to the Kafi Thaat and uses Komal Ga and Komal Ni. It conveys deep longing (viraha), devotion, and emotional introspection.
(a) Morning: Morning ragas include Bhairav, Todi, and Ahir Bhairav; Bageshree is specifically a night raga.
(b) Noon: Midday ragas include Bhimpalasi and Madhuvanti; Bageshree is not performed at noon.
(c) Evening: Evening ragas include Yaman, Marwa, and Puriya; while Bageshree is sometimes performed in late evening, its primary and authentic time is late night.
Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 5 January 2026 Shift 2 · Folk music and songs by state

Q143. Chhattisgarhi Pandavani songs are a form of traditional folk narrative. Which epic or story do these songs primarily narrate?

  1. (a) Mahabharata
  2. (b) Ramayana
  3. (c) Puranas
  4. (d) Folk tales
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Mahabharata

The correct answer is (a) Mahabharata.
Pandavani is a traditional folk singing and storytelling art form from Chhattisgarh that primarily narrates stories from the Mahabharata — particularly the tales of the Pandavas. The famous Pandavani exponent Teejan Bai (Padma Vibhushan awardee) is known for her captivating performances. The name itself — ' Pandavani ' — derives from the Pandavas.
(b) Ramayana: Pandavani specifically focuses on the Mahabharata/Pandavas, not the Ramayana.
(c) Puranas: While some Pandavani performances may touch on mythological themes, the primary epic narrated is the Mahabharata.
(d) Folk tales: Pandavani is based on the Mahabharata epic, not folk tales.
Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 5 January 2026 Shift 3 · Musicians and singers

Q144. Sitar gained global popularity through the efforts of which musician, who introduced Indian classical music to international audiences in the 20th century?

  1. (a) Pandit Ravi Shankar
  2. (b) Ustad Bismillah Khan
  3. (c) Ali Akbar Khan
  4. (d) L. Subramaniam
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Pandit Ravi Shankar

The correct answer is (a) Pandit Ravi Shankar.
Pandit Ravi Shankar (1920-2012) is credited with bringing Indian classical music — specifically the sitar — to international audiences. His collaborations with George Harrison of The Beatles and his performances at Woodstock (1969) and the Concert for Bangladesh (1971) made him a global icon. He received three Grammy Awards and was awarded the Bharat Ratna in 1999.
(b) Ustad Bismillah Khan: Master of the shehnai (oboe-like instrument); not the primary figure who introduced Indian classical music globally through the sitar.
(c) Ali Akbar Khan: Renowned sarod player who also contributed to global appreciation of Indian music; but the sitar's global popularity is most associated with Ravi Shankar.
(d) L. Subramaniam: Renowned violinist; contributes to Indian classical music globally but not specifically known for introducing the sitar.
Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 5 January 2026 Shift 3 · Folk music and songs by state

Q145. Sopana Sangeetham is a classical music tradition associated with temple rituals. From which Indian state does this devotional music style originate?

  1. (a) Kerala
  2. (b) Karnataka
  3. (c) Tamil Nadu
  4. (d) Odisha
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Kerala

The correct answer is (a) Kerala.
Sopana Sangeetham is a classical devotional music tradition from Kerala, associated with temple rituals. It is characterized by slow, meditative singing at the sopa (steps) leading to the inner sanctum ( sreekovil ) of Kerala temples. It uses the sopana raga system and is accompanied by the idakka drum. The legendary singer Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer and others propagated this art form.
(b) Karnataka: Has its own classical traditions (Carnatic music, Harikatha); Sopana Sangeetham is specific to Kerala.
(c) Tamil Nadu: Known for Carnatic classical music and Bharatanatyam; Sopana Sangeetham is not from Tamil Nadu.
(d) Odisha: Known for Odissi music and dance traditions; Sopana Sangeetham is specific to Kerala.
Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 4 January 2026 Shift 2 · Hindustani music (ragas, gharanas)

Q146. Raga Megh Malhar in Indian classical music is traditionally associated with the ability to:

  1. (a) Cure diseases
  2. (b) Bring rain
  3. (c) Promote peace
  4. (d) Induce sleep
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Bring rain

Raga Megh Malhar is a Hindustani classical raga associated with the monsoon season. It is traditionally believed to have the power to bring rain. It is one of the most celebrated ragas, sung or played during the rainy season.
(a) Incorrect: Curing diseases is not an attribute associated with Raga Megh Malhar.
(c) Incorrect: Promoting peace is not the traditional belief connected to this raga.
(d) Incorrect: Inducing sleep is associated with ragas like Bhairavi, not Megh Malhar.
Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 4 January 2026 Shift 2 · Hindustani music (ragas, gharanas)

Q147. Dhrupad belongs to which tradition of Indian classical music?

  1. (a) Rabindra Sangeet
  2. (b) Hindustani classical music
  3. (c) Carnatic classical music
  4. (d) Odissi music tradition
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Hindustani classical music

Dhrupad is one of the oldest, most elaborate, and sublime forms of Hindustani (North Indian) classical music. It is a highly disciplined form of singing with ancient roots, associated with temples and royal courts.
(a) Incorrect: Rabindra Sangeet is a genre of music composed exclusively by Rabindranath Tagore, distinct from Dhrupad.
(c) Incorrect: Dhrupad belongs to the Hindustani tradition of North India, not to the Carnatic tradition of South India.
(d) Incorrect: Odissi is a classical dance form from Odisha, not a music tradition.
Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 2 January 2026 Shift 3 · Musical instruments and exponents

Q148. Which string instrument is central to the Manganiyar musical tradition of Rajasthan?

  1. (a) Sarinda
  2. (b) Kamaicha
  3. (c) Ravanhatta
  4. (d) Dotara
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Kamaicha

Kamaicha is the signature bowed string instrument of the Manganiyar community of Rajasthan. It has a large round resonator made of mango wood covered with goatskin, and is central to Manganiyar folk music performances.
(a) Incorrect: Sarinda is a bowed string instrument found in Rajasthan but is not the primary/signature instrument of the Manganiyar tradition.
(b) Incorrect: Ravanhatta is an ancient bowed instrument of Rajasthan, more associated with Bhopa storytellers than Manganiyars .
(c) Incorrect: Dotara is a plucked string instrument more commonly found in Bengal and Assam, not in the Manganiyar tradition.
Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 30 December 2025 Shift 1 · Folk music and songs by state

Q149. Consider the following statements regarding the Rajasthan International Folk Festival (RIFF), Jodhpur and choose the correct option:
Statement I: The festival is recognized by UNESCO for promoting creativity and sustainable development.
Statement II: The primary musical focus of RIFF is the exclusive showcasing of Manganiyars and Langas, without international artistic involvement.

  1. (a) Statement I is correct, but Statement II is incorrect.
  2. (b) Statement I is incorrect, but Statement II is correct.
  3. (c) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct.
  4. (d) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Statement I is correct, but Statement II is incorrect.

Statement I is correct: RIFF at Mehrangarh Fort, Jodhpur has been recognized by UNESCO as a platform promoting creativity and sustainable development.
Statement II is incorrect: RIFF is not exclusively focused on Manganiyars and Langas; it features international musicians alongside Rajasthani folk performers.
(b) Incorrect: Statement I is correct (UNESCO recognition), making this option wrong.
(c) Incorrect: Statement II is incorrect (RIFF features international artists), so both cannot be correct.
(d) Incorrect: Statement I is factually correct, so both statements cannot be incorrect.
Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 30 December 2025 Shift 2 · Folk music and songs by state

Q150. Which folk music form is associated with devotional songs in praise of deities?

  1. (a) Qawwali
  2. (b) Dandiya
  3. (c) Bhajan
  4. (d) Baul
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Bhajan

Bhajans are Hindu devotional songs sung in praise of deities like Vishnu, Krishna, Rama, Shiva, and Devi. They are a form of folk and classical music forming an integral part of Indian religious and spiritual culture.
(a) Incorrect: Qawwali is a form of Sufi Islamic devotional music associated with shrines (dargahs), not specifically Hindu deities.
(b) Incorrect: Dandiya is a stick dance form performed during Navaratri, not a devotional singing form in praise of deities.
(d) Incorrect: Baul is a mystical folk music tradition from Bengal with spiritual themes but is not specifically associated with praise of Hindu deities.
Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 29 December 2025 Shift 1 · Hindustani music (ragas, gharanas)

Q151. Which of the following is true about 'Raga Bhairav'?

  1. (a) It is sung in the evening
  2. (b) It is sung during the night
  3. (c) It is sung in the morning
  4. (d) It is sung at midnight
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) It is sung in the morning

Raga Bhairav is a morning raga ( Pratah kaal raga), typically sung in the early morning hours, approximately between 6 AM and 9 AM. It belongs to the Bhairav thaat and evokes a mood of devotion, peace, and serenity.
(a) Incorrect: Evening ragas belong to a different category (e.g., Bhimpalasi , Yaman).
(b) Incorrect: Night ragas include Malkauns , Darbari, and Bhairavi.
(d) Incorrect: Midnight ragas are a separate classification.
Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 29 December 2025 Shift 2 · Carnatic music

Q152. Who is regarded as the 'Grand Theorist' of Carnatic music, credited with devising the Melakarta system of classifying ragas?

  1. (a) Muthuswami Dikshitar
  2. (b) Venkat Mukhi Swami ( Venkatamakhi )
  3. (c) Thyagaraja
  4. (d) Shyama Shastri
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Venkat Mukhi Swami ( Venkatamakhi )

Venkatamakhi (also called Venkat Mukhi Swami) is regarded as the Grand Theorist of Carnatic music. He devised the Melakarta system — a systematic classification of 72 parent ragas based on their musical structure — in his treatise ' Caturdandi Prakasika' (17th century). This system forms the theoretical foundation of Carnatic classical music.
(a) Incorrect: Muthuswami Dikshitar was one of the Trinity of Carnatic music, known as a composer, not primarily as the Melakarta theorist.
(c) Incorrect: Thyagaraja was a celebrated saint-composer (one of the Trinity) but not the theorist who devised the Melakarta system.
(d) Incorrect: Shyama Shastri was the third member of the Carnatic Trinity, known as a composer, not the grand theorist.
Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 24 December 2025 Shift 2 · Hindustani music (ragas, gharanas)

Q153. Which region is associated with Hindustani music?

  1. (a) South India
  2. (b) North India
  3. (c) East India
  4. (d) West India
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) North India

The correct answer is North India (Option 2).
Hindustani music is the classical music tradition of North India. It encompasses both vocal (Dhrupad, Khayal, Thumri) and instrumental traditions and is closely associated with states like Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan, and Maharashtra. Hindustani music was influenced by Persian and Mughal court music.
Option 1 - South India: South India is associated with Carnatic music, the other major classical music tradition of India.
Option 3 - East India: East India has rich folk and classical traditions (like Rabindra Sangeet in Bengal), but the primary classical tradition is Hindustani in North India.
Option 4 - West India: While Hindustani music is practiced in western states like Maharashtra and Gujarat, it originated and is primarily associated with North India.
Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 23 December 2025 Shift 1 · Hindustani music (ragas, gharanas)

Q154. The title of 'Aaftab-e- Mousiqi ' was awarded to Faiyaz Khan. He is associated with which Gharana of classical music?

  1. (a) Gwalior Gharana
  2. (b) Kirana Gharana
  3. (c) Patiala Gharana
  4. (d) Agra Gharana
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Agra Gharana

The correct answer is Agra Gharana (Option 4).
Ustad Faiyaz Khan, one of the greatest vocalists of Hindustani classical music, belonged to the Agra Gharana. He was bestowed the title 'Aaftab-e- Mousiqi ' (Sun of Music) for his mastery of khayal and dhrupad styles.
Option 1 - Gwalior Gharana: One of the oldest gharanas, known for its clear and simple style; Faiyaz Khan did not belong to this gharana.
Option 2 - Kirana Gharana: Known for its lyrical and meditative style; associated with Ustad Abdul Karim Khan, not Faiyaz Khan.
Option 3 - Patiala Gharana: Known for its ornate style; associated with Bade Ghulam Ali Khan, not Faiyaz Khan.
Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 23 December 2025 Shift 1 · Hindustani music (ragas, gharanas)

Q155. What is the basic unit of rhythm in Hindustani classical music?

  1. (a) Tala
  2. (b) Swara
  3. (c) Raga
  4. (d) Alap
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Tala

The correct answer is Tala (Option 1).
Tala is the rhythmic cycle or time measure in Hindustani classical music. It is the basic unit of rhythm, consisting of a fixed number of beats ( matras ) arranged in a cyclical pattern, played on instruments like the tabla .
Option 2 - Swara: Swara refers to a musical note or pitch in Indian classical music, not the basic unit of rhythm.
Option 3 - Raga: Raga is the melodic framework or scale of notes used to create music; it is a melodic concept, not a rhythmic one.
Option 4 - Alap : Alap is the introductory, free-flowing improvisation of a raga without rhythmic accompaniment (no tala).
Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 22 December 2025 Shift 1 · Folk music and songs by state

Q156. The folk music "Lavani" is popular in which Indian state?

  1. (a) Kerala
  2. (b) Maharashtra
  3. (c) Punjab
  4. (d) Haryana
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Maharashtra

Lavani is a traditional form of folk music and dance that is popular in Maharashtra. It combines powerful rhythm, quick tempo, and provocative lyrics, often performed by women in nine-yard saris ( nauvari saree) to the beat of the Dholki . Lavani has two types: Nirguni (philosophical) and Shringari (love-themed). Option 2 is correct.
Option 1 is wrong: Kerala has its own folk music traditions like Thiruvathira , Margam Kali, and Ottamthullal ; Lavani is not associated with Kerala.
Option 3 is wrong: Punjab is known for Bhangra and Giddha folk music and dance forms; Lavani originates in Maharashtra, not Punjab.
Option 4 is wrong: Haryana has its own folk traditions like Ragini and Saang ; Lavani is specifically associated with Maharashtra and not Haryana.
Delhi Police Constable (Exe) 2025-26 – 22 December 2025 Shift 1 · Hindustani music (ragas, gharanas)

Q157. "Dhrupad" is a style of singing in:

  1. (a) Rabindra Sangeet
  2. (b) Hindustani classical music
  3. (c) Western classical music
  4. (d) Carnatic music
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Hindustani classical music

Dhrupad is one of the oldest and most austere styles of Hindustani classical music, originating in the medieval period. It is a form of devotional music characterized by a slow, meditative tempo, complex improvisations, and the use of Sanskrit and Braj Bhasha lyrics. It is performed with the accompaniment of the pakhawaj . Option 2 is correct.
Option 1 is wrong: Rabindra Sangeet is the body of songs composed by Rabindranath Tagore; Dhrupad is a separate, much older tradition of Hindustani classical music.
Option 3 is wrong: Western classical music has its own forms like symphony, sonata, and opera; Dhrupad is an Indian classical music tradition with no connection to Western music.
Option 4 is wrong: Carnatic music is the classical music tradition of South India; Dhrupad is part of the Hindustani classical music tradition of North India, not Carnatic music.
SSC CPO Paper-1 2025 – 12 December 2025 Shift 1 · Hindustani music (ragas, gharanas)

Q158. Which of these ragas is traditionally associated with the early morning and evokes a peaceful, meditative mood?

  1. (a) Raga Bageshree
  2. (b) Raga Hamsadhwani
  3. (c) Raga Bhairav
  4. (d) Raga Marwa
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Raga Bhairav

Correct Answer: Raga Bhairav (Option 3)
Raga Bhairav is a Hindustani classical raga traditionally associated with the early morning hours (Pratah Kaal — dawn/sunrise). It evokes a peaceful, meditative, devotional, and serene mood. It is one of the most ancient and fundamental ragas in Hindustani music and is often played at the start of concerts to set a contemplative atmosphere.
Raga Bageshree is associated with late night and evokes a romantic/longing mood.
Raga Hamsadhwani is a pleasant-sounding Carnatic raga often associated with evening.
Raga Marwa is associated with late afternoon/pre-sunset hours and creates a tense, restless mood.
SSC CPO Paper-1 2025 – 12 December 2025 Shift 1 · Hindustani music (ragas, gharanas)

Q159. Which term refers to a melodic framework in Indian classical music that consists of ascending (arohana) and descending (avarohana) notes?

  1. (a) Talam
  2. (b) Alap
  3. (c) Raga
  4. (d) Swara
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Raga

Correct Answer: Raga (Option 3)
A Raga (or Raag) is the melodic framework in Indian classical music. Each raga is defined by a specific set of notes and their ascending (arohana) and descending (avarohana) patterns, along with characteristic phrases (gamaka), ornaments, and emotional moods (rasa). There are hundreds of ragas in both Hindustani and Carnatic classical music systems.
Talam (or Taal) refers to the rhythmic framework or time cycle in Indian classical music — not melodic.
Alap is the slow, unmetered improvisation at the beginning of a classical performance that introduces the raga.
Swara refers to individual musical notes (Sa, Re, Ga, Ma, Pa, Dha, Ni) — the building blocks of a raga.
SSC CPO Paper-1 2025 – 12 December 2025 Shift 1 · Musicians and singers

Q160. Who is a renowned Santoor player from India, often credited with popularizing the instrument worldwide?

  1. (a) Shivkumar Sharma
  2. (b) Zakir Hussain
  3. (c) Bhajan Sopori
  4. (d) Hariprasad Chaurasia
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Shivkumar Sharma

Correct Answer: Shivkumar Sharma (Option 1)
Pandit Shivkumar Sharma (1938–2022) is credited with transforming the Santoor — a traditional folk instrument of Kashmir — into a concert instrument for Hindustani classical music. He is widely regarded as the person who single-handedly elevated the Santoor to classical status and popularized it globally. He was awarded the Padma Vibhushan in 2001.
Zakir Hussain is a world-renowned tabla maestro — not a Santoor player.
Bhajan Sopori was another notable Santoor player (Sufiana style) but is not as globally credited with popularizing the instrument as Shivkumar Sharma.
Hariprasad Chaurasia is a celebrated flute (bansuri) maestro — not a Santoor player.
SSC CPO Paper-1 2025 – 12 December 2025 Shift 2 · Folk music and songs by state

Q161. Q86. In which state is the folk music of Lotia performed?

  1. (a) Maharashtra
  2. (b) Rajasthan
  3. (c) Uttar Pradesh
  4. (d) Manipur
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Rajasthan

Correct: Rajasthan.
Lotia is a folk music/song tradition associated with Rajasthan. It is typically sung during the monsoon season. Rajasthan has a very rich folk music tradition including Lotia , Maand , Panihari , etc.
Note: This question was Not Answered by the candidate.
SSC CPO Paper-1 2025 – 12 December 2025 Shift 2 · Hindustani music (ragas, gharanas)

Q162. Which Hindustani classical gharana, founded by Ustad Alladiya Khan, is known for its melodic complexity and features exponents like Kesarbai Kerkar and Kishori Amonkar?

  1. (a) Gwalior Gharana
  2. (b) Agra Gharana
  3. (c) Jaipur- Atrauli Gharana
  4. (d) Kirana Gharana
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Jaipur- Atrauli Gharana

Correct: Jaipur- Atrauli Gharana.
The Jaipur- Atrauli Gharana was founded by Ustad Alladiya Khan and is known for its complex melodic structures ( layakari ), unconventional bandishes , and elaborate taan patterns. Famous exponents include Kesarbai Kerkar, Kishori Amonkar, and Mallikarjun Mansur. Kirana Gharana is associated with Abdul Karim Khan. Gwalior is the oldest gharana. Agra is known for khayal with dhrupad influences.
Note: This question was Not Answered by the candidate.
SSC CPO Paper-1 2025 – 11 December 2025 Shift 1 · Folk music and songs by state

Q163. Which instrument is commonly used as a prop during the performance of Pandavani in Chhattisgarh?

  1. (a) Tambura
  2. (b) Tabla
  3. (c) Harmonium
  4. (d) Manjira
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Tambura

Correct Answer: Tambura (Option 1)
Pandavani is a folk singing tradition of Chhattisgarh in which the singer narrates stories from the Mahabharata (especially the Pandavas). The Tambura (ektara-like string instrument) is the characteristic instrument held and played as a prop by the lead singer during Pandavani performances. The legendary artist Teejan Bai is the most famous exponent of Pandavani .
Tabla is a percussion instrument used in Hindustani classical music and not specifically associated with Pandavani .
Harmonium is used in light classical and devotional music but not as a Pandavani prop.
Manjira are small cymbals used in devotional singing, not in Pandavani .
SSC CPO Paper-1 2025 – 11 December 2025 Shift 1 · Hindustani music (ragas, gharanas)

Q164. Fill in the blanks:
In Indian classical music notation, a swara with a dot above the letter (e.g., Ṡ) represents the ____ saptak .

  1. (a) Madhya Saptak
  2. (b) Mandra Saptak
  3. (c) Taar Saptak
  4. (d) Shuddha Saptak
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Taar Saptak

Correct Answer: Taar Saptak (Option 3)
In Indian classical music, the saptaks (octaves) are denoted as:
- Mandra Saptak (lower octave): dot below the letter (e.g., Ṣ with dot below)
- Madhya Saptak (middle octave): no dot
- Taar Saptak (upper octave): dot above the letter (e.g., Ṡ with dot above)
A dot above the swara symbol indicates the Taar Saptak (higher octave), confirming Option 3.
Shuddha Saptak is not a standard saptak classification in Indian music notation.
SSC CPO Paper-1 2025 – 11 December 2025 Shift 2 · Musical instruments and exponents

Q165. Which instrument in Kathakali is primarily used to create the rhythmic base for the performance?

  1. (a) Pakhawaj
  2. (b) Chenda
  3. (c) Veena
  4. (d) Tabla
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Chenda

Correct Answer: Chenda (Option 2)
The Chenda is the primary percussion instrument used in Kathakali, the classical dance-drama of Kerala. It is a cylindrical drum played with two sticks and provides the dominant rhythmic structure. The Chenda's powerful, energetic beats match the dramatic and intense nature of Kathakali performances.
Pakhawaj is a barrel-shaped drum used in Dhrupad (Hindustani classical music) and Odissi dance — not Kathakali.
Veena is a plucked string instrument used in Carnatic classical music and Bharatanatyam contexts — not Kathakali.
Tabla is the primary percussion instrument of Hindustani classical music and North Indian dance forms — not Kathakali.
SSC CPO Paper-1 2025 – 11 December 2025 Shift 2 · Folk music and songs by state

Q166. Which folk music form from Rajasthan is sophisticated and similar to Thumri or Ghazal?

  1. (a) Maand
  2. (b) Panihari
  3. (c) Garba
  4. (d) Baul
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Maand

Correct Answer: Maand (Option 1)
Maand is a classical and sophisticated folk music form originating from Rajasthan, particularly associated with the royal courts of Jaipur and Bikaner. It is semi-classical in character, similar to Thumri or Ghazal in its sophistication, lyrical depth, and emotional content. It is often performed by professional women singers and deals with themes of love, longing, and devotion.
Panihari is a Rajasthani folk song associated with women fetching water — it is not as sophisticated or similar to Thumri/Ghazal.
Garba is a folk dance form of Gujarat, not Rajasthan, and is not classified as a music form similar to Thumri.
Baul is a mystical folk music tradition of Bengal, not Rajasthan.
SSC CPO Paper-1 2025 – 11 December 2025 Shift 2 · Musical instruments and exponents

Q167. Which instrument is commonly associated with ceremonial music in Northern India, especially in marriages and temple festivals?

  1. (a) Bansuri
  2. (b) Shehnai
  3. (c) Santoor
  4. (d) Sarod
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Shehnai

Correct Answer: Shehnai (Option 2)
The Shehnai is a double-reed wind instrument widely used in ceremonial music in Northern India, especially during weddings, temple festivals, and auspicious occasions. It is considered a mangal vadya (auspicious instrument). The legendary Ustad Bismillah Khan elevated the Shehnai to the level of classical concert music. It is also regularly played at the Golden Temple in Amritsar.
Bansuri (bamboo flute) is associated with Lord Krishna and used in classical and folk music — not specifically ceremonial/wedding music.
Santoor is a Kashmiri string instrument used in classical and semi-classical music — not primarily ceremonial.
Sarod is a plucked string instrument of Hindustani classical music — not associated with weddings or ceremonial contexts.
SSC CPO Paper-1 2025 – 10 December 2025 Shift 1 · Musicians and singers

Q168. Which one of these classical musicians is credited with popularizing the sitar in the global music scene?

  1. (a) Pandit Ravi Shankar
  2. (b) Ustad Vilayat Khan
  3. (c) Pandit Nikhil Banerjee
  4. (d) Ustad Allauddin Khan
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Pandit Ravi Shankar

Correct Answer: Pandit Ravi Shankar
Pandit Ravi Shankar (1920–2012) is universally credited with bringing the sitar and Indian classical music to global audiences. His collaborations with George Harrison of The Beatles and performances at Woodstock and Monterey Pop Festival made him an iconic figure in world music.
Option 2 (Ustad Vilayat Khan): Incorrect. He was a great sitar player but not known for global popularization.
Option 3 (Pandit Nikhil Banerjee): Incorrect. He was an acclaimed sitarist but not globally famous.
Option 4 (Ustad Allauddin Khan): Incorrect. He was a multi-instrumentalist and guru of Ravi Shankar, not known for global outreach.
SSC CPO Paper-1 2025 – 10 December 2025 Shift 1 · Hindustani music (ragas, gharanas)

Q169. Which of the following statements about traditional and semi-classical Indian music forms are correct?
1. Kajri is sung by women in Uttar Pradesh during the monsoon, often with night-long group dancing.
2. Qawwali, introduced by Turkish Sufis, is performed only as solo singing without chorus.
3. Tappa from Punjab features rapid, jumpy notes inspired by camel riders' songs.
4. Amir Khusro helped shape Qawwali in India as a Sufi devotional form.

  1. (a) 1, 2 and 3 only
  2. (b) 1, 3 and 4 only
  3. (c) 2, 3 and 4 only
  4. (d) 1, 2 and 4 only
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) 1, 3 and 4 only

Correct Answer: 1, 3 and 4 only
Statement 1 (Kajri): CORRECT. Kajri is a semi-classical folk form from UP/Bihar, sung during the monsoon season, often by women in group settings with night-long performances.
Statement 2 (Qawwali solo only): INCORRECT. Qawwali is a group performance with a lead singer (qawwal) and chorus (harmonists). It is NOT solo singing.
Statement 3 (Tappa): CORRECT. Tappa originated from the folk songs of camel riders of Punjab/Sindh. It features rapid, intricate taans (note patterns).
Statement 4 (Amir Khusro): CORRECT. Amir Khusro (13th–14th century) is credited with shaping and formalizing Qawwali as a Sufi devotional music form in India.
Therefore, statements 1, 3, and 4 are correct.
SSC CPO Paper-1 2025 – 10 December 2025 Shift 2 · Carnatic music

Q170. Which devotional song form in simple Kannada, promoted by the Haridasa Movement in Karnataka, is a cornerstone of its Carnatic music tradition?

  1. (a) Devara Nama
  2. (b) Vachana
  3. (c) Janapada Geete
  4. (d) Bhajan
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Devara Nama

Correct Answer: Devara Nama
Devara Nama (literally 'name of God') is a devotional song form in simple Kannada, popularised by the Haridasa Movement (saint-poets like Purandaradasa , Kanakadasa ). Purandaradasa composed thousands of Devara Namas and is revered as the 'Pitamaha of Carnatic Music'. These compositions form the foundational repertoire of Carnatic classical music.
Option 2 (Vachana): Incorrect. Vachanas are prose-poetry by Lingayat saint-poets (like Basavanna ), not set to classical music.
Option 3 ( Janapada Geete ): Incorrect. These are Karnataka folk songs.
Option 4 (Bhajan): Incorrect. Bhajans are a broader North Indian devotional tradition.
SSC CPO Paper-1 2025 – 9 December 2025 Shift 1 · Folk music and songs by state

Q171. What is the predominant theme of Manipuri music?

  1. (a) War and victory
  2. (b) Devotion and love
  3. (c) Celebration of harvest
  4. (d) storytelling
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Devotion and love

Manipuri music is deeply rooted in the Vaishnavite (Bhakti) tradition of northeastern India.
The predominant theme is devotion and love — especially devotion to Lord Krishna and Radha.
Manipuri music is closely tied to Manipuri classical dance (Ras Lila) and features soft, melodic, devotional compositions.
Option A (Dance and war): More associated with martial traditions; not the core lyrical theme.
Option B (Puja and rituals): While present, the central lyrical theme is Bhakti — devotional love toward Krishna.
Option D (Nature and ecology): Not a primary theme of Manipuri classical music.
SSC CPO Paper-1 2025 – 9 December 2025 Shift 1 · Hindustani music (ragas, gharanas)

Q172. Fill in the blank:
During the modern period, Pt. V.N. Bhatkhande and Pt. V.D. Paluskar contributed significantly to Hindustani classical music by introducing a systemized ___.

  1. (a) Medieval period — Raga-Ragini painting system
  2. (b) Colonial period — Notation system
  3. (c) Post-independence period — Stage performance culture
  4. (d) Ancient period — Tala system
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Colonial period — Notation system

Pandit Vishnu Digambar Paluskar (V.D. Paluskar ) and Pt. K.N. Bhattacharje worked during the colonial (British) period in India.
V.D. Paluskar founded the Gandharva Mahavidyalaya in Lahore (1901) and introduced a written music notation system (Swar Lipi) to make Hindustani classical music teachable and accessible.
Their efforts systematized music education and preserved the tradition during a period of cultural challenge.
Option A (Raga-Ragini paintings): These are visual art forms depicting ragas; not what Paluskar contributed.
Option C (Stage performance culture): Not the primary contribution of these musicians.
Option D (Tala system): The Tala system predates them; they contributed notation, not the tala framework.
SSC CPO Paper-1 2025 – 9 December 2025 Shift 2 · Folk music and songs by state

Q173. What is the central theme of Mando music from Goa?

  1. (a) Religious devotion
  2. (b) War and heroism
  3. (c) Love and historical narratives
  4. (d) Nature and philosophy
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Love and historical narratives

Correct Answer: Love and historical narratives
Mando is a classical genre of music unique to Goa, developed in the 18th–19th century during the Portuguese period. Its central themes revolve around love, longing, and historical narratives of Goan society, often reflecting the socio-cultural experiences of the Goan people under colonial rule.
Option 1 (Religious devotion): Incorrect. Mando is not devotional/spiritual music.
Option 2 (War and heroism): Incorrect. It is not a martial music form.
Option 4 (Nature and philosophy): Incorrect. While lyrical, the core theme is love and historical narrative.
SSC CPO Paper-1 2025 – 9 December 2025 Shift 2 · Hindustani music (ragas, gharanas)

Q174. Which of the following pairs of musical forms/artists and their characteristics is correctly matched?

  1. (a) Rampur Saheswan Gharana – Fast note patterns, technically demanding
  2. (b) Thumri (Banaras Style) – Known for lyrical khayals followed by Tarana
  3. (c) Tappa – Prominent exponent of lyrical love songs (Thumri)
  4. (d) Rasoolan Devi – Slow, expressive, emphasizes mood over strict grammar
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Rasoolan Devi – Slow, expressive, emphasizes mood over strict grammar

Correct Answer: Rasoolan Devi – Slow, expressive, emphasizes mood over strict grammar
Rasoolan Devi (1902–1974) was a celebrated thumri and dadra singer from Banaras. Her style was indeed slow, deeply expressive, and she emphasized emotional mood ( bhav ) over strict grammatical adherence. This is a characteristic feature of the Banaras thumri tradition.
Option 1 (Rampur Saheswan Gharana): Incorrect. This gharana is known for its strong, forceful style and elaborate taans — not specifically 'fast note patterns'.
Option 2 (Thumri Banaras – lyrical khayals + Tarana ): Incorrect. Banaras thumri is known for its emotional depth; Tarana association is incorrect.
Option 3 (Tappa – lyrical love songs): Incorrect. Tappa is a semi-classical form with rapid, intricate note patterns ( taans ). Thumri singers are associated with lyrical love songs, not tappa.
SSC Stenographer 2025 – 8 December 2025 Shift 1 · Carnatic music

Q175. Consider the following statements regarding the structure of Carnatic music compositions and choose correct option:
Statement 1: Varnam is typically performed at the end of a Carnatic concert to summarize key ragas.
Statement 2: Alapana involves improvisational elaboration of a raga without rhythm (tala).

  1. (a) Only 1
  2. (b) Both 1 and 2 are correct
  3. (c) Neither 1 nor 2 is correct
  4. (d) Only 2
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Only 2

In Carnatic music, Varnam is not performed at the end but usually at the beginning of a concert. It serves as a warm-up piece, introducing the raga, testing the musician’s voice, and setting the tone for the performance. Therefore, Statement 1 is incorrect . On the other hand, Alapana is indeed an improvisational elaboration of a raga without any fixed rhythm ( tala ). The artist explores the raga slowly, moving from lower notes to higher, showcasing creativity and mastery. Thus, Statement 2 is correct , making option 4 the right answer.
SSC Stenographer 2025 – 8 December 2025 Shift 2 · Carnatic music

Q176. Consider the following statements and choose correct option:
Statement 1: Kriti is a highly structured musical composition in Carnatic tradition.
Statement 2: Tillana often concludes a Carnatic recital and emphasizes rhythmic syllables.

  1. (a) Neither 1 nor 2 is correct
  2. (b) Both 1 and 2 are correct
  3. (c) Only 2
  4. (d) Only 1
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Both 1 and 2 are correct

Both statements are correct. Kriti is indeed a highly structured and central musical composition in the Carnatic music tradition. It usually consists of three main parts: Pallavi, Anupallavi, and Charanam . Kritis are devotional in nature and are the backbone of Carnatic performances. On the other hand, Tillana is a lively and rhythmic composition that is often used to conclude Carnatic recitals. It places emphasis on rhythmic syllables (jatis) and is known for its brisk tempo and lively character. Hence, both statements accurately describe important aspects of Carnatic music.
SSC Stenographer 2025 – 8 December 2025 Shift 3 · Musical instruments and exponents

Q177. Which instrument is commonly used in Carnatic classical music?

  1. (a) Santoor
  2. (b) Shehnai
  3. (c) Dhol
  4. (d) Mridangam
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Mridangam

The correct answer is Mridangam . In Carnatic classical music, which is the classical music tradition of South India, the Mridangam is the primary percussion instrument. It is a double-headed drum made of wood with leather on both sides. One side produces a bass sound and the other produces a treble sound, making it versatile for accompanying vocal as well as instrumental performances. While instruments like the Santoor and Shehnai are associated with Hindustani classical music of North India, and Dhol is used in folk traditions, Mridangam remains central to Carnatic performances.
SSC Stenographer 2025 – 7 December 2025 Shift 1 · Musical instruments and exponents

Q178. Evaluate the following about Carnatic instruments and choose the correct option:
Statement 1: The Mridangam is a melodic percussion instrument used to outline the raga.
Statement 2: Nadaswaram is a double-reed instrument traditionally played in temples and weddings.

  1. (a) Only 1
  2. (b) Neither 1 nor 2 is correct
  3. (c) Both 1 and 2 are correct
  4. (d) Only 2
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Only 2

Mridangam is not a melodic instrument, but a percussion (rhythm) instrument. It is considered the primary rhythmic accompaniment in Carnatic music concerts and is used to provide tala (rhythmic cycle) , not to outline the raga. Therefore, Statement 1 is incorrect. On the other hand, Nadaswaram is a traditional double-reed wind instrument , very popular in South India. It is known for its loud, auspicious sound and is commonly played in temples, processions, and weddings. Thus, Statement 2 is correct. Hence, the right answer is Option 4: Only 2.
SSC Stenographer 2025 – 7 December 2025 Shift 2 · Carnatic music

Q179. Consider the following statements about the Trinity of Carnatic Music and choose the correct option:
Statement 1: Tyagaraja, Muthuswami Dikshitar, and Shyama Shastri lived during the 17th century.
Statement 2: The trinity elevated the kriti form to its highest artistic expression.

  1. (a) Only 1
  2. (b) Only 2
  3. (c) Both 1 and 2 are correct
  4. (d) Neither 1 nor 2 is correct
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Only 2

The Trinity of Carnatic Music refers to Tyagaraja, Muthuswami Dikshitar, and Shyama Shastri , who are regarded as the greatest composers of Carnatic music. They did not belong to the 17th century but to the 18th–19th centuries (Tyagaraja: 1767–1847, Dikshitar: 1775–1835, Shyama Shastri: 1762–1827). Hence, Statement 1 is incorrect. However, it is true that the Trinity developed and elevated the kriti form of Carnatic music, giving it its highest artistic and devotional expression. Thus, Statement 2 is correct.
SSC Stenographer 2025 – 6 December 2025 Shift 2 · Folk music and songs by state

Q180. In which state is the folk music tradition of " Zikir " popular?

  1. (a) Assam
  2. (b) Gujarat
  3. (c) Odisha
  4. (d) Rajasthan
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Assam

The folk music tradition of " Zikir " is popular in Assam . It was introduced by the 17th-century Assamese Sufi saint and reformer Azan Fakir . Zikir songs are devotional in nature and are sung to spread messages of communal harmony, morality, and spirituality. These songs combine elements of Islamic Sufi philosophy with the cultural traditions of Assam, making them unique in style and rhythm.
SSC Stenographer 2025 – 6 December 2025 Shift 3 · Hindustani music (ragas, gharanas)

Q181. Which of the following is a prominent form of Hindustani classical vocal music?

  1. (a) Kuchipudi
  2. (b) Kathak
  3. (c) Bharatanatyam
  4. (d) Dhrupad
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Dhrupad

The correct answer is Dhrupad . It is one of the oldest and most prominent forms of Hindustani classical vocal music. Dhrupad is characterised by its spiritual, meditative nature and strict adherence to raga and tala. The other options are all classical dance forms – Kuchipudi and Bharatanatyam (from South India) and Kathak (from North India), not vocal music styles.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 30 November 2025 Shift 2 · Hindustani music (ragas, gharanas)

Q182. The Darbhanga gayaki of Dhrupad, a classical form of Indian music, is associated with which Indian state/UT?

  1. (a) Bihar
  2. (b) Haryana
  3. (c) Gujarat
  4. (d) Jammu and Kashmir
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Bihar

Correct Answer: Option 1 – Bihar
The Darbhanga gayaki is a distinctive style of Dhrupad classical music that originated in Darbhanga, a district in Bihar. The Darbhanga gharana (school) of Dhrupad is one of the oldest and most prestigious classical music traditions in India, known for its deep, meditative style and adherence to ancient Sanskrit compositions.
Why other options are wrong:
Option 2 (Haryana): Haryana has its own folk traditions (Ragini, Saang ) but is not associated with Darbhanga gayaki .
Option 3 (Gujarat): Gujarat has its own classical and folk music; Darbhanga gayaki belongs to Bihar.
Option 4 (Jammu and Kashmir): J&K has Sufiana music and other traditions; the candidate incorrectly selected this.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 30 November 2025 Shift 3 · Musical instruments and exponents

Q183. The ' Dedh Satara' musical instrument belongs to which Indian state?

  1. (a) Kerala
  2. (b) Manipur
  3. (c) Rajasthan
  4. (d) West Bengal
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Rajasthan

Correct Answer: Option 3 – Rajasthan
The Dedh Satara (also written as Dedh Satara) is a traditional wind instrument (flute) from Rajasthan. It is a folk instrument used in Rajasthani music traditions, typically made of wood or bamboo, and associated with the desert music culture of Rajasthan.
Why other options are wrong:
Option 1 (Kerala): Kerala's traditional instruments include Chenda, Mridangam, and Veena; not Dedh Satara.
Option 2 (Manipur): Manipur's instruments include the Pena; Dedh Satara is not from Manipur.
Option 4 (West Bengal): West Bengal's traditional instruments include Dotara and Ektara; not Dedh Satara.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 29 November 2025 Shift 1 · Musical instruments and exponents

Q184. Which among the following is a wind instrument?

  1. (a) Dhol
  2. (b) Pava
  3. (c) Manjira
  4. (d) Nagara
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Pava

Pava is a traditional wind instrument (flute) associated with the folk music of Rajasthan and Gujarat.
Dhol is a percussion instrument (membranophone); Manjira are small hand cymbals (idiophone); Nagara is a large kettledrum (membranophone). Hence, Pava is correct.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 29 November 2025 Shift 3 · Folk music and songs by state

Q185. Which of the following Assamese songs is a 'lullaby'?

  1. (a) Bihu- geet
  2. (b) Bon- geet
  3. (c) Biyanaam
  4. (d) Nichukoni-geet
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Nichukoni-geet

Correct Answer: Option 4 – Nichukoni-geet
Nichukoni-geet is a traditional Assamese lullaby ( lori ) sung to put children to sleep. The word ' Nichukoni ' itself relates to the act of soothing a child to sleep.
Why other options are wrong:
Option 1 (Bihu- geet ): Bihu- geet are folk songs sung during the Bihu festival; the candidate incorrectly selected this.
Option 2 (Bon- geet ): Bon- geet are devotional forest songs associated with the Vaishnava tradition in Assam.
Option 3 ( Biyanaam ): Biyanaam are traditional wedding songs sung during Assamese marriage ceremonies.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 28 November 2025 Shift 3 · Hindustani music (ragas, gharanas)

Q186. The 'Gurjari' raga is traditionally associated with which Indian state?

  1. (a) Gujarat
  2. (b) Odisha
  3. (c) Kerala
  4. (d) Goa
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Gujarat

The 'Gurjari' raga is traditionally associated with Gujarat. The name 'Gurjari' itself is derived from 'Gurjara,' the ancient name for Gujarat. It is one of the classical ragas in Hindustani music and is believed to have originated in the Gujarat region.
Odisha, Kerala, and Goa are not associated with the Gurjari raga.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 28 November 2025 Shift 1 · Hindustani music (ragas, gharanas)

Q187. The Mishras of Bettiah Gharana, renowned for Dhrupad singing, are associated with which Indian state?

  1. (a) Bihar
  2. (b) Telangana
  3. (c) Uttarakhand
  4. (d) Maharashtra
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Bihar

The Bettiah Gharana is a classical music tradition associated with Bettiah, a city in West Champaran district of Bihar. The Mishras of Bettiah Gharana are renowned exponents of Dhrupad, one of the oldest and most classical forms of Hindustani music.
Telangana, Uttarakhand, and Maharashtra are home to other musical traditions. Hence, Bihar is correct.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 25 November 2025 Shift 2 · Folk music and songs by state

Q188. 'Mando' is a slow verse and refrain composition dealing with love, tragedy and both social injustice and political resistance. It is related to which Indian state?

  1. (a) Goa
  2. (b) Uttarakhand
  3. (c) Bihar
  4. (d) Tamil Nadu
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Goa

'Mando' is a traditional semi-classical music and dance form from Goa, combining Portuguese and Indian artistic influences. It deals with themes of love, tragedy, social injustice, and political resistance against colonial rule. It is an important part of Goa's cultural heritage.
Uttarakhand, Bihar, and Tamil Nadu have different folk music traditions unrelated to Mando.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 24 November 2025 Shift 3 · Folk music and songs by state

Q189. Singaji , a saint-poet of Madhya Pradesh, is remembered for his devotional compositions in which style?

  1. (a) Khayal
  2. (b) Tarana
  3. (c) Nirguni
  4. (d) Dhrupad
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Nirguni

Correct Answer: Nirguni (Option 3)
Sant Singaji (also known as Singaji Maharaj) was a revered saint-poet from the Nimad region of Madhya Pradesh. He is remembered for his devotional compositions in the Nirguni (Nirgun Bhakti) tradition — devotion to a formless, attribute-less God without any physical representation. His bhajans and padas are sung in the Nimadi dialect and are deeply embedded in the folk tradition of central India.
Khayal — a classical Hindustani vocal form, not associated with Singaji's devotional tradition.
Tarana — a rhythmic Hindustani vocal composition using nonsensical syllables, not related to Singaji .
Dhrupad — the oldest surviving form of Hindustani classical music, not the tradition in which Singaji composed.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 21 November 2025 Shift 2 · Folk music and songs by state

Q190. 'Dewar Geet', sung as entertainment songs, are associated with which Indian state?

  1. (a) Goa
  2. (b) Maharashtra
  3. (c) Haryana
  4. (d) Chhattisgarh
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Chhattisgarh

Correct Answer: Chhattisgarh (Option 4)
'Dewar Geet' are traditional folk songs associated with Chhattisgarh. These are entertainment songs typically sung at social gatherings, festivals, and celebrations. Chhattisgarh has a rich folk music tradition including Karma, Sua, Panthi, and Dewar Geet. The Dewar community in Chhattisgarh is particularly associated with these musical traditions.
Goa is known for Dekhnni and Fugdi folk songs. Maharashtra is associated with Lavani and Powada. Haryana is known for Ragini and Saang. Dewar Geet is specifically from Chhattisgarh.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 21 November 2025 Shift 2 · Musical instruments and exponents

Q191. The diameter of the bamboo flutes is usually about _____ cm.

  1. (a) 1.9
  2. (b) 4.1
  3. (c) 4.8
  4. (d) 3.8
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) 1.9

Correct Answer: 1.9 (Option 1)
The diameter of a standard bamboo flute (bansuri) is usually about 1.9 cm (approximately 19 mm). The bansuri is a transverse bamboo flute used extensively in Indian classical and folk music. The bore diameter affects the tone and pitch of the flute. Smaller diameter flutes produce higher pitches while larger diameter flutes produce lower, deeper tones. 1.9 cm is the standard diameter for a typical concert bansuri.
Diameters of 4.1 cm, 4.8 cm, and 3.8 cm are too large for standard bamboo flutes.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 17 November 2025 Shift 1 · Musical instruments and exponents

Q192. Which of the following musical instrument is a 'wind instrument' made of wood and metal?

  1. (a) Dhak
  2. (b) Mahuri
  3. (c) Sarangi
  4. (d) Mridangam
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Mahuri

Mahuri (also called Mohori or Murali in different regions) is a traditional wind instrument, specifically a double-reed aerophone (similar to an oboe). It is made of wood with a metal bell (flare) at the end, making it a wind instrument composed of both wood and metal. It is widely used in Manipur and other parts of India. Why other options are wrong: Option 1 - Dhak: A percussion (membranophone) instrument, not a wind instrument. Option 3 - Sarangi: A string (chordophone) instrument, not a wind instrument. Option 4 - Mridangam: A percussion (membranophone/drum) instrument, not a wind instrument.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 17 November 2025 Shift 1 · Hindustani music (ragas, gharanas)

Q193. The Patiala Gharana is notable for its rendering of which types of classical music?
I. Thumri
II. Khyal

  1. (a) Only I
  2. (b) Only II
  3. (c) Both I and II
  4. (d) Neither I nor II
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Both I and II

The Patiala Gharana is one of the most prominent schools (gharanas) of Hindustani classical music, originating from Patiala in Punjab. It is notable for its rendering of both Thumri (a semi-classical, expressional form of music) and Khyal (the predominant form of classical vocal music in North India). Key exponents include Ustad Bade Ghulam Ali Khan. Why other options are wrong: Option 1 (Only I) and Option 2 (Only II): The Patiala Gharana is renowned for both Thumri and Khyal, not just one of them. Option 4 (Neither I nor II): Both styles are indeed associated with this gharana.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 17 November 2025 Shift 3 · Musicians and singers

Q194. Narayanrao Rajhauns, also known as Bal Gandharava, was a celebrated exponent of which state's musical tradition?

  1. (a) Gujarat
  2. (b) Haryana
  3. (c) Maharashtra
  4. (d) Meghalaya
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Maharashtra

Correct Answer: Maharashtra
Narayanrao Rajhauns, popularly known as Bal Gandharva, was a legendary Marathi singer and actor from Maharashtra. He was a celebrated exponent of the Natya Sangeet (music for Marathi theatre) tradition of Maharashtra. He was born on 26 June 1888 in Narayan Peth, Pune. He was conferred the title 'Bal Gandharva' (child Gandharva - celestial musician) by Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak.
Why other options are wrong:
- Gujarat: Has its own rich musical traditions (Garba, Bhajan); Bal Gandharva was from Maharashtra.
- Haryana: Known for Ragini folk music; not associated with Bal Gandharva.
- Meghalaya: Known for tribal music traditions; not associated with Bal Gandharva.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 17 November 2025 Shift 2 · Musicians and singers

Q195. Who among the following is a violinist hailed from Andhra Pradesh?

  1. (a) U. Srinivas
  2. (b) Chitti Babu
  3. (c) Sheik Chinna Moulana
  4. (d) Dwaram Venkataswamy Naidu
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Dwaram Venkataswamy Naidu

Correct Answer: Dwaram Venkataswamy Naidu (Option 4)
Dwaram Venkataswamy Naidu (1893–1964) was a legendary Carnatic violin maestro from Andhra Pradesh, regarded as the 'Father of Modern Carnatic Violin.' He is credited with elevating the violin as a solo Carnatic concert instrument.
U. Srinivas was a renowned mandolin player from Andhra Pradesh, not a violinist. Chitti Babu was a famous veena player from Andhra Pradesh. Sheik Chinna Moulana was a celebrated nadaswaram maestro from Tamil Nadu, not a violinist.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 17 November 2025 Shift 2 · Musical instruments and exponents

Q196. Natya Shastra by Bharat Muni clubbed musical instruments into how many groups?

  1. (a) 2
  2. (b) 3
  3. (c) 4
  4. (d) 5
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) 4

Correct Answer: 4 (Option 3)
The Natya Shastra, the ancient Sanskrit treatise on performing arts written by Bharat Muni, classifies musical instruments ( Vadya ) into 4 groups:
1. Tata Vadya — Chordophones (stringed instruments, e.g., veena, sitar)
2. Avanaddha Vadya — Membranophones (percussion instruments with skin, e.g., tabla , mridangam)
3. Ghana Vadya — Idiophones (solid instruments producing sound by striking, e.g., cymbals, bells)
4. Sushira Vadya — Aerophones (wind instruments, e.g., flute, nadaswaram )
Options 2, 3, and 5 are incorrect.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 14 November 2025 Shift 1 · Folk music and songs by state

Q197. ' Adhratiya ' is a traditional folk song of which Indian state?

  1. (a) Telangana
  2. (b) Jharkhand
  3. (c) Punjab
  4. (d) Maharashtra
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Jharkhand

Adhratiya is a traditional folk song of Jharkhand, rooted in the tribal culture of the region. These folk songs are sung during festivals and community gatherings. Jharkhand has a rich tradition of tribal folk music and dance. Telangana, Punjab, and Maharashtra each have their own distinct folk song traditions that are different from Adhratiya .
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 14 November 2025 Shift 1 · Folk music and songs by state

Q198. 'Baul' dance is performed in ________.

  1. (a) Rajasthan
  2. (b) Ladakh
  3. (c) Maharashtra
  4. (d) West Bengal
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) West Bengal

Baul is a tradition of mystical minstrel performance from West Bengal (and Bangladesh). Baul practitioners sing devotional songs (Baul gaan ) and perform their folk art, blending mysticism, Vaishnavism, and Sufism. The Baul tradition was inscribed in UNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage list in 2008. Rajasthan, Ladakh, and Maharashtra have their own distinct folk traditions.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 14 November 2025 Shift 3 · Folk music and songs by state

Q199. 'Bhopa', a form of folk music, is traditional to which Indian state?

  1. (a) Sikkim
  2. (b) Odisha
  3. (c) Rajasthan
  4. (d) Tamil Nadu
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Rajasthan

Correct Answer: Rajasthan
Bhopa is a traditional form of folk music and storytelling from Rajasthan. Bhopas are hereditary musician-priests of Rajasthan who perform narrative ballads, especially the Pabuji Ki Phad - a painted scroll depicting the story of folk deity Pabuji . They sing and recite these stories while pointing to the painted figures on the scroll ( Phad ).
Why other options are wrong:
- Sikkim: Known for Tamang Selo and Limboo folk music.
- Odisha: Known for Odissi music and Danda Nacha folk forms.
- Tamil Nadu: Known for Bharatanatyam and Carnatic music traditions.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 14 November 2025 Shift 2 · Musical instruments and exponents

Q200. Which pipe instrument is traditionally linked with the songs and dances of the Dimasa tribe in Assam?

  1. (a) Muri
  2. (b) Harp
  3. (c) Cymbal
  4. (d) Santoor
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Muri

Muri is the traditional pipe (wind) instrument of the Dimasa tribe of Assam. It is used during their traditional songs and dances and is an integral part of their cultural identity. Why others are wrong: - Harp: A stringed instrument of Western and Celtic origin, not associated with the Dimasa tribe. - Cymbal: A percussion instrument, not a pipe instrument. - Santoor: A stringed percussion instrument from Kashmir, not associated with the Dimasa tribe.
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