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Organisations and Headquarters PYQs – Static GK, SSC & Railway

199 Organisations and Headquarters (Static GK) questions asked in recent SSC and Railway exams, newest first, with exam, date & shift, answers and solutions – page 2 of 2.

📚 199 questionsSSC 172 · Railway 27
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SSC Stenographer 2025 – 8 December 2025 Shift 3 · India's foreign relations and connectivity projects

Q101. Which of the following correctly pairs the initiative with its primary objective from India’s viewpoint?

  1. (a) IMEC – Maritime security in South China Sea
  2. (b) QUAD – Strengthening oil diplomacy in Gulf
  3. (c) Chabahar Port – Access Central Asia via Iran
  4. (d) BIMSTEC – Land connectivity to Europe
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Chabahar Port – Access Central Asia via Iran

The correct pair is Chabahar Port – Access Central Asia via Iran . India developed the Chabahar Port in Iran as a strategic initiative to bypass Pakistan and gain direct access to Afghanistan and Central Asia. This project is crucial for India’s trade and connectivity with resource-rich Central Asia, enhancing energy and economic cooperation. The other options are incorrect: IMEC is related to linking India with Europe and Middle East trade routes, not South China Sea security. QUAD is a grouping focused on Indo-Pacific security and democratic cooperation, not oil diplomacy in the Gulf. BIMSTEC is aimed at regional cooperation in South and Southeast Asia, not land connectivity to Europe.
SSC Stenographer 2025 – 8 December 2025 Shift 3 · Research institutes and laboratories

Q102. Which high-altitude observatory in India is known for hosting an optical-infrared telescope used for space observation in Ladakh?

  1. (a) Nainital Aryabhatta Observatory
  2. (b) Udaipur Solar Observatory
  3. (c) Mount Abu Infrared Observatory
  4. (d) Hanle Indian Astronomical Observatory
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Hanle Indian Astronomical Observatory

The correct answer is Hanle Indian Astronomical Observatory . Located in Ladakh at an altitude of about 4,500 meters, it is one of the world’s highest astronomical observatories. It houses the Himalayan Chandra Telescope (HCT) and recently India’s first Optical-Infrared telescope has been installed here. Its high altitude and dry atmosphere make it ideal for deep-space optical and infrared observations. The other options are incorrect: The Nainital Aryabhatta Observatory is mainly for optical studies at a much lower altitude; Udaipur Solar Observatory focuses only on solar studies; Mount Abu Observatory is important but not as high or suitable for infrared astronomy as Hanle.
SSC Stenographer 2025 – 7 December 2025 Shift 1 · India's foreign relations and connectivity projects

Q103. In May 2024, India signed a long-term agreement for the operation of Chabahar Port. What is the duration of this agreement?

  1. (a) 99 years
  2. (b) 5 years
  3. (c) 20 years
  4. (d) 10 years
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) 10 years

In May 2024 , India signed a historic long-term agreement with Iran for the operation of the Chabahar Port , which is strategically significant for India’s connectivity to Afghanistan and Central Asia while bypassing Pakistan. The agreement was signed for a period of 10 years , marking the first long-term arrangement for India at this port. Earlier, India was managing the port through short-term contracts. This new 10-year agreement provides India with a more stable and secure presence at Chabahar.
SSC Stenographer 2025 – 7 December 2025 Shift 1 · Indian organisations and headquarters

Q104. Under which ministry does the National Productivity Council operate?

  1. (a) Ministry of Education
  2. (b) Ministry of Agriculture
  3. (c) Ministry of Commerce and Industry
  4. (d) Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Ministry of Commerce and Industry

The National Productivity Council (NPC) operates under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India . It is an autonomous organization established in 1958 to promote productivity culture in India. The NPC works in collaboration with industries, government departments, and international organizations to improve productivity, quality, and competitiveness. It also represents India in the Asian Productivity Organization (APO) .
SSC Stenographer 2025 – 7 December 2025 Shift 2 · India's foreign relations and connectivity projects

Q105. What strategic rationale drives India’s investment in Iran’s Chabahar Port?

  1. (a) To reach Afghanistan and Central Asia bypassing Pakistan
  2. (b) To build naval bases in Iran
  3. (c) To import natural gas from Saudi Arabia
  4. (d) To monitor US naval operations
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) To reach Afghanistan and Central Asia bypassing Pakistan

India’s investment in Chabahar Port is primarily strategic. It allows India to bypass Pakistan and gain direct access to Afghanistan and Central Asia for trade and connectivity. This enhances India’s regional influence and supports projects like the International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC) . The other options (building naval bases, importing gas from Saudi Arabia, monitoring US operations) are not the main rationale.
SSC Stenographer 2025 – 7 December 2025 Shift 2 · India's foreign relations and connectivity projects

Q106. The India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC) is often viewed as a strategic counter-initiative to which other major global connectivity projects?

  1. (a) Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)
  2. (b) Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP)
  3. (c) North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
  4. (d) Asia-Africa Growth Corridor (AAGC)
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)

The correct answer is option 1. The India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC), announced during the G20 Summit in 2023, is seen as a major strategic counter to China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). The IMEC aims to connect India with Europe through the Middle East via shipping routes, railways, and digital as well as energy infrastructure. Unlike the BRI, which has often been criticised for debt traps and lack of transparency, IMEC is projected as a more sustainable and collaborative model of connectivity involving India, the US, the European Union, Saudi Arabia, the UAE, and other partners. It reflects India’s growing role in providing alternative infrastructure and connectivity solutions in the global order.
SSC Stenographer 2025 – 7 December 2025 Shift 3 · India's foreign relations and connectivity projects

Q107. Which of the below statements is/are correct?
Statement 1: India supports connectivity through the North-South Transport Corridor.
Statement 2: The corridor strengthens India’s trade with the Pacific Islands.

  1. (a) Both 1 and 2 are correct
  2. (b) Neither 1 nor 2 is correct
  3. (c) Only Statement 1 is correct
  4. (d) Only Statement 2 is correct
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Only Statement 1 is correct

The correct answer is option 3. India indeed supports connectivity through the International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC) , a multi-modal network of ship, rail, and road routes connecting India with Russia, Central Asia, and Europe via Iran. This corridor helps reduce transportation time and cost for trade between India and Eurasia. However, it does not strengthen trade with the Pacific Islands (Statement 2 is incorrect). Thus, only Statement 1 is correct .
SSC Stenographer 2025 – 6 December 2025 Shift 1 · Regional groupings (SAARC, ASEAN, BIMSTEC, SCO, G20)

Q108. What is the primary goal of the BIMSTEC Free Trade Area (FTA)?

  1. (a) To promote cultural exchanges
  2. (b) To reduce trade barriers and enhance economic cooperation
  3. (c) To regulate trade policies globally
  4. (d) To establish a common currency among BIMSTEC nations
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) To reduce trade barriers and enhance economic cooperation

The correct answer is "To reduce trade barriers and enhance economic cooperation." The BIMSTEC Free Trade Area (FTA) aims to create a framework where member countries (Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Thailand) can trade with minimal restrictions. The objective is to facilitate smoother flow of goods, reduce tariffs, and strengthen regional integration for collective economic growth.
Option 1 (cultural exchange) is a goal of regional cooperation but not the FTA.
Option 3 (regulating global trade policies) falls under WTO’s domain, not BIMSTEC.
Option 4 (common currency) is not part of BIMSTEC’s framework. Hence, Option 2 is correct.
SSC Stenographer 2025 – 6 December 2025 Shift 1 · India's foreign relations and connectivity projects

Q109. Which of the following is the specific port facility within Chabahar Port that India is primarily developing and operating?

  1. (a) Shahid Beheshti Port
  2. (b) Jask Port
  3. (c) Bandar Abbas Port
  4. (d) Shahid Kalantari Port
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Shahid Beheshti Port

The correct answer is Shahid Beheshti Port . Chabahar Port, located in Iran’s Sistan-Baluchestan province, is of immense strategic importance for India. India is developing the Shahid Beheshti terminal to secure an alternative trade route to Afghanistan and Central Asia, bypassing Pakistan. This port allows India access to international North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC) and strengthens India-Iran relations. Unlike Bandar Abbas, which is dominated by Iran, Chabahar gives India a direct role in port operations. The development also boosts India’s connectivity projects and supports regional trade and security objectives.
SSC Stenographer 2025 – 6 December 2025 Shift 1 · Founders and founding years

Q110. Which institution was established in 1961 to promote management education in India?

  1. (a) National Productivity Council (NPC)
  2. (b) Indian Institute of Management (IIM)
  3. (c) University Grants Commission (UGC)
  4. (d) Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Indian Institute of Management (IIM)

The correct answer is Indian Institute of Management (IIM) . The first IIM was established in Calcutta (now Kolkata) in 1961 , with collaboration from the Government of India, Government of West Bengal, Ford Foundation, and MIT Sloan School of Management . Soon after, another IIM was set up in Ahmedabad . These institutes were created to promote excellence in management education, research, and training to meet the growing demand for professional managers in post-independence India. Over time, IIMs have become premier management institutes globally, offering postgraduate, doctoral, and executive education programs.
SSC Stenographer 2025 – 6 December 2025 Shift 2 · Indian organisations and headquarters

Q111. What was the role of the University Grants Commission (UGC), established in 1956?

  1. (a) To promote agricultural development
  2. (b) To oversee and fund higher education institutions in India
  3. (c) To regulate trade agreements
  4. (d) To manage industrial policies
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) To oversee and fund higher education institutions in India

The correct answer is to oversee and fund higher education institutions in India . The University Grants Commission (UGC) was formally established by an Act of Parliament in 1956 . Its main role was to coordinate, determine, and maintain standards of higher education in India. UGC is responsible for distributing funds to central and state universities, monitoring their functioning, and ensuring quality in teaching and research. It also grants recognition to universities and colleges, thus serving as a regulatory body for higher education. Over the years, UGC has played a crucial role in expanding access to higher education, promoting research, and introducing reforms to improve quality.
SSC Stenographer 2025 – 6 December 2025 Shift 2 · India's foreign relations and connectivity projects

Q112. India’s primary interest in developing Chabahar Port is to:

  1. (a) Establish a direct naval base for military operations in the Persian Gulf.
  2. (b) Export agricultural products exclusively to Iran.
  3. (c) Gain direct access to Afghanistan and Central Asia, bypassing Pakistan.
  4. (d) Develop a new tourism hub for its citizens.
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Gain direct access to Afghanistan and Central Asia, bypassing Pakistan.

The correct answer is to gain direct access to Afghanistan and Central Asia, bypassing Pakistan . The Chabahar Port, located in southeastern Iran along the Gulf of Oman, is strategically important for India. It provides India with an alternative trade route to Afghanistan and Central Asia without relying on Pakistan, which has historically denied India overland transit access. Chabahar is often seen as India’s counter to Pakistan’s Gwadar Port (developed with Chinese assistance) and plays a vital role in India’s International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC) strategy. It enhances India’s regional connectivity, boosts trade ties, and strengthens its geopolitical presence in the region, especially in competition with China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI).
SSC Stenographer 2025 – 6 December 2025 Shift 2 · Regional groupings (SAARC, ASEAN, BIMSTEC, SCO, G20)

Q113. Which countries are members of BIMSTEC?

  1. (a) Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Pakistan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand
  2. (b) Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Maldives, Sri Lanka, Thailand
  3. (c) Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka
  4. (d) Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand

The correct answer is Option 4. BIMSTEC (Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation) was established in 1997 with the aim of fostering regional cooperation among countries in South Asia and Southeast Asia. Its current members are Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. It connects South Asia with Southeast Asia and works in areas like trade, connectivity, energy, technology, fisheries, agriculture, public health, poverty alleviation, and climate change. Pakistan, Afghanistan, and the Maldives are not members of BIMSTEC, which often causes confusion among candidates.
SSC Stenographer 2025 – 6 December 2025 Shift 3 · India's foreign relations and connectivity projects

Q114. Which pair is correctly matched with India’s geopolitical interest?

  1. (a) Ladakh Corridor – Access to Africa
  2. (b) SAGAR Policy – Maritime ties in the Indian Ocean
  3. (c) Kaladan Project – Links to Iran
  4. (d) Ashgabat Agreement – Partnership with BIMSTEC
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) SAGAR Policy – Maritime ties in the Indian Ocean

The correct match is SAGAR Policy – Maritime ties in the Indian Ocean . SAGAR (Security and Growth for All in the Region) is India’s vision to strengthen maritime security and cooperation in the Indian Ocean region. It aims at ensuring safe maritime trade, disaster management, and stronger ties with littoral states. The other options are mismatched: Ladakh Corridor is not linked to Africa, Kaladan Project connects India to Myanmar (not Iran), and Ashgabat Agreement is related to Central Asia, not BIMSTEC.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 30 November 2025 Shift 1 · Regional groupings (SAARC, ASEAN, BIMSTEC, SCO, G20)

Q115. Which of the following country is NOT the founding member of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation ?

  1. (a) Iraq
  2. (b) Tajikistan
  3. (c) Russia
  4. (d) China
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Iraq

Correct Answer: Option 1 – Iraq
Iraq is NOT a founding member of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO). The SCO was established in 2001 with six founding members: China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. Iraq has no founding membership in the SCO.
Why other options are wrong:
Option 2 (Tajikistan): Tajikistan is one of the six founding members of the SCO (2001).
Option 3 (Russia): Russia is one of the six founding members of the SCO (2001).
Option 4 (China): China is one of the six founding members and the host of the SCO's creation in Shanghai.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 27 November 2025 Shift 1 · Regional groupings (SAARC, ASEAN, BIMSTEC, SCO, G20)

Q116. As of 31st July 2025, which of the following country is the member of SAARC?

  1. (a) Afghanistan
  2. (b) Iraq
  3. (c) UAE
  4. (d) Egypt
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Afghanistan

Afghanistan is a member of SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation), having joined as the 8th member in 2007. The other SAARC members are India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, and Maldives. Afghanistan's active participation has been suspended, but it remains a formal member.
Iraq, UAE, and Egypt are not SAARC members. Hence, Afghanistan is correct.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 27 November 2025 Shift 2 · Regional groupings (SAARC, ASEAN, BIMSTEC, SCO, G20)

Q117. As of 31st July 2025, which of the following country is the member of the Indian Ocean Rim Association?
I. Australia
II. Bangladesh

  1. (a) Only I
  2. (b) Only II
  3. (c) Both I and II
  4. (d) Neither I nor II
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Both I and II

Correct Answer: Both I and II (Option 3)
The Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA) is a regional organisation with 23 member states. Both Australia and Bangladesh are members of IORA.
Australia joined IORA as a founding member and is an active participant in the organisation.
Bangladesh is also a member of IORA, which promotes trade, investment, and cooperation among Indian Ocean rim countries.
Hence, both I and II are correct.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 26 November 2025 Shift 2 · Regional groupings (SAARC, ASEAN, BIMSTEC, SCO, G20)

Q118. The secretariat of Association of Southeast Asian Nations was set up in _____.

  1. (a) 1962
  2. (b) 1976
  3. (c) 1979
  4. (d) 1988
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) 1976

The ASEAN Secretariat was established in Jakarta, Indonesia in 1976, following the Bali Summit (ASEAN's First Summit). The Secretariat serves as the central administrative body coordinating ASEAN affairs.
ASEAN itself was founded in 1967; the Secretariat came later in 1976. Options 1962, 1979, and 1988 are incorrect. Hence, 1976 is correct.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 25 November 2025 Shift 2 · United Nations and its agencies

Q119. As of 31st July 2025, United Nations Security Council has how many members including permanent and non-permanent members?

  1. (a) 4
  2. (b) 7
  3. (c) 11
  4. (d) 15
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) 15

The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) has 15 members in total: 5 permanent members (USA, UK, France, Russia, China — also called P5) and 10 non-permanent members elected for 2-year terms.
Options 4, 7, and 11 are incorrect. The UNSC structure has remained unchanged since 1965.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 24 November 2025 Shift 1 · Regional groupings (SAARC, ASEAN, BIMSTEC, SCO, G20)

Q120. In the context of BBIN motor vehicle agreement, what does 'I' stands for?

  1. (a) India
  2. (b) Indonesia
  3. (c) Iraq
  4. (d) Iran
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) India

Correct Answer: India (Option 1)
BBIN stands for Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, and Nepal — a sub-regional initiative of South Asian countries under the SAARC framework. The BBIN Motor Vehicles Agreement was signed in June 2015 to facilitate cross-border movement of passenger, personal, and cargo vehicles among these four countries. 'I' stands for India.
Indonesia, Iraq, and Iran are not part of the BBIN motor vehicle agreement; these countries are geographically distant from the South Asian sub-region covered by BBIN.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 24 November 2025 Shift 1 · Regional groupings (SAARC, ASEAN, BIMSTEC, SCO, G20)

Q121. The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation was established in ___.

  1. (a) 1983
  2. (b) 2001
  3. (c) 2010
  4. (d) 2017
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) 2001

Correct Answer: 2001 (Option 2)
The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) was formally established on June 15, 2001, in Shanghai, China. Its founding members were China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. It evolved from the Shanghai Five group (formed in 1996). India and Pakistan joined as full members in 2017.
1983 is incorrect — the SCO did not exist at that time.
2010 and 2017 are not founding years; 2017 is when India and Pakistan became full members.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 24 November 2025 Shift 3 · Regional groupings (SAARC, ASEAN, BIMSTEC, SCO, G20)

Q122. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations was established in which of the following places?

  1. (a) Ho Chi Minh
  2. (b) Bangkok
  3. (c) Naypyidaw
  4. (d) Kuala Lumpur
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Bangkok

Correct Answer: Bangkok (Option 2)
ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) was established on 8 August 1967 in Bangkok, Thailand, through the Bangkok Declaration. Its founding members were Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. ASEAN's headquarters is in Jakarta, Indonesia. The organisation has since grown to 10 member states.
Ho Chi Minh City is in Vietnam — Vietnam joined ASEAN in 1995, after its founding.
Naypyidaw is the capital of Myanmar — Myanmar joined ASEAN in 1997.
Kuala Lumpur is in Malaysia — while a founding member, the signing took place in Bangkok, not KL.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 22 November 2025 Shift 2 · Regional groupings (SAARC, ASEAN, BIMSTEC, SCO, G20)

Q123. The Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure body is associated with which of the following International Organisation?

  1. (a) BRICS
  2. (b) Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
  3. (c) Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
  4. (d) SAARC
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Shanghai Cooperation Organisation

The Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS) is a permanent organ of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), established to coordinate counter-terrorism efforts among member states.
BRICS is an economic grouping; OIC is an Islamic nations body; SAARC is a South Asian regional organisation. None of them have RATS.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 22 November 2025 Shift 2 · Regional groupings (SAARC, ASEAN, BIMSTEC, SCO, G20)

Q124. As of 31st July 2025, which of the following is the official language of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation?

  1. (a) Persian
  2. (b) Chinese
  3. (c) French
  4. (d) Spanish
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Chinese

The SCO has two official languages: Russian and Chinese. Chinese (Mandarin) is one of the two official and working languages of the SCO.
Persian, French, and Spanish are not official languages of the SCO. The candidate incorrectly selected Persian.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 21 November 2025 Shift 2 · Regional groupings (SAARC, ASEAN, BIMSTEC, SCO, G20)

Q125. As of 31st July 2025, which of the following is the official language of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation?
I. Russian
II. Hindi

  1. (a) Only I
  2. (b) Only II
  3. (c) Both I and II
  4. (d) Neither I nor II
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Only I

Correct Answer: Only I (Option 1)
The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) has two official working languages: Russian and Chinese (Mandarin). Russian was one of the founding official languages of SCO since its establishment in 2001.
Statement I is CORRECT: Russian IS an official language of SCO.
Statement II is INCORRECT: Hindi is NOT an official language of SCO. Although India joined the SCO as a full member in 2017, Hindi has not been granted official language status by the SCO. India uses Hindi in its diplomatic communications but it is not an official SCO language.
Hence Only I is correct.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 21 November 2025 Shift 2 · Regional groupings (SAARC, ASEAN, BIMSTEC, SCO, G20)

Q126. The East Asia Summit process was initiated in _____.

  1. (a) 1999
  2. (b) 2002
  3. (c) 2003
  4. (d) 2005
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) 2005

Correct Answer: 2005 (Option 4)
The East Asia Summit (EAS) process was initiated in 2005 with the first EAS held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia on 14 December 2005. The inaugural EAS had 16 participating nations — 10 ASEAN members + India, China, Japan, South Korea, Australia, and New Zealand. The EAS is a premier forum for strategic dialogue and cooperation among the leaders of the region.
1999, 2002, and 2003 are incorrect years. The conceptual discussions began earlier, but the formal initiation was in 2005.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 20 November 2025 Shift 2 · Regional groupings (SAARC, ASEAN, BIMSTEC, SCO, G20)

Q127. Which of the following country is one of the founding member of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation ?

  1. (a) Iran
  2. (b) India
  3. (c) Pakistan
  4. (d) Kazakhstan
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Kazakhstan

Correct Answer: Kazakhstan (Option 4)
The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) was founded on 15 June 2001. Its founding members are China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan.
Why others are wrong:
Option 1 - Iran: Became a full member of SCO only in 2023.
Option 2 - India: Joined SCO as a full member in 2017.
Option 3 - Pakistan: Also joined SCO as a full member in 2017.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 20 November 2025 Shift 2 · United Nations and its agencies

Q128. The International Court of Justice is located at _____.

  1. (a) Hague
  2. (b) New York
  3. (c) Beijing
  4. (d) Paris
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Hague

Correct Answer: Hague (Option 1)
The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations. It is located in The Hague, Netherlands, and settles legal disputes between states.
Why others are wrong:
Option 2 - New York: Hosts the United Nations Headquarters, not the ICJ.
Option 3 - Beijing: No major international judicial body is headquartered there.
Option 4 - Paris: Hosts UNESCO headquarters, not the ICJ.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 18 November 2025 Shift 2 · Regional groupings (SAARC, ASEAN, BIMSTEC, SCO, G20)

Q129. As of 31st July 2025, which of the following country is the member of BIMSTEC?
I. Thailand
II. Iran

  1. (a) Only I
  2. (b) Only II
  3. (c) Both I and II
  4. (d) Neither I nor II
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Only I

Correct Answer: Only I (Option 1)
BIMSTEC (Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation) has 7 member states: Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Nepal, and Bhutan.
Statement I is CORRECT: Thailand IS a member of BIMSTEC.
Statement II is INCORRECT: Iran is NOT a member of BIMSTEC. Iran is a member of organizations like ECO and SCO, but not BIMSTEC.
Hence only Statement I (Only I) is correct.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 18 November 2025 Shift 2 · Founders and founding years

Q130. The International Solar Alliance is a collaborative initiative between India and _____.

  1. (a) France
  2. (b) USA
  3. (c) Brazil
  4. (d) Italy
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) France

Correct Answer: France (Option 1)
The International Solar Alliance (ISA) was jointly launched by India and France on 30 November 2015 at COP21 in Paris, France, by Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and French President Francois Hollande. ISA is headquartered at Gurugram (National Institute of Solar Energy), Haryana, India. Its aim is to mobilize solar energy deployment and financing across member countries.
USA, Brazil, and Italy were not the co-founders of ISA with India.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 17 November 2025 Shift 1 · India's foreign relations and connectivity projects

Q131. The 'Kaladan Multi Modal Transit Transport' Project is associated with which of the following country?

  1. (a) India and Nepal
  2. (b) India and Pakistan
  3. (c) India and Bangladesh
  4. (d) India and Myanmar
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) India and Myanmar

The Kaladan Multi Modal Transit Transport Project is a connectivity project between India and Myanmar. It involves a sea route from Kolkata port to Sittwe port in Myanmar's Rakhine State, followed by river transport along the Kaladan River to Paletwa, and then a road route to Mizoram (India). The project aims to provide an alternate route to India's North-Eastern states. Why other options are wrong: Options 1, 2, 3 - Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh: The Kaladan project is specifically between India and Myanmar, not any of these countries.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 17 November 2025 Shift 2 · Regional groupings (SAARC, ASEAN, BIMSTEC, SCO, G20)

Q132. As of 31st July 2025, which of the following country is the part of East Asia Summit Process?

  1. (a) Australia
  2. (b) UAE
  3. (c) Saudi Arabia
  4. (d) Brazil
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Australia

Correct Answer: Australia (Option 1)
The East Asia Summit (EAS) is a regional forum held among leaders of 18 countries. Its members are: 10 ASEAN nations (Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam) + India, China, Japan, South Korea, Australia, New Zealand, Russia, and the USA.
Australia has been a member of EAS since 2011.
UAE, Saudi Arabia, and Brazil are NOT members of the East Asia Summit.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 15 November 2025 Shift 2 · Regional groupings (SAARC, ASEAN, BIMSTEC, SCO, G20)

Q133. The Indian Ocean Rim Association was established in ________.

  1. (a) 1983
  2. (b) 1997
  3. (c) 2003
  4. (d) 2008
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) 1997

The Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA), formerly known as the Indian Ocean Rim Initiative, was formally established in 1997 in Mauritius. It is a regional cooperative organisation promoting economic cooperation among Indian Ocean littoral states. India is a founding member. The years 1983, 2003, and 2008 do not correspond to its establishment.
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 15 November 2025 Shift 1 · Regional groupings (SAARC, ASEAN, BIMSTEC, SCO, G20)

Q134. As of 31st July 2025, which of the following country is NOT the member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations?

  1. (a) Indonesia
  2. (b) Malaysia
  3. (c) Pakistan
  4. (d) Philippines
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Pakistan

Pakistan is NOT a member of ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations). ASEAN has 10 member countries: Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. Why others are wrong: - Indonesia: A founding member of ASEAN (1967). - Malaysia: A founding member of ASEAN (1967). - Philippines: A founding member of ASEAN (1967).
SSC CHSL Tier-1 2025 – 15 November 2025 Shift 3 · India's foreign relations and connectivity projects

Q135. The Petrapole – Benapole rail link connects which of the following countries?

  1. (a) India–Bhutan
  2. (b) India–Nepal
  3. (c) India–Bangladesh
  4. (d) India–Myanmar
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) India–Bangladesh

Petrapole is located in West Bengal, India, and Benapole is located in Bangladesh. The Petrapole – Benapole rail link is an important cross-border connection between India and Bangladesh. It is also a major land port for trade between the two countries. Option 1 is incorrect — Bhutan connects via Jaigaon -Phuentsholing. Option 2 is incorrect — Nepal connects via Raxaul-Birgunj . Option 4 is incorrect — Myanmar connects via Moreh-Tamu or Zokhawthar .
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 14 October 2025 Shift 2 · India's foreign relations and connectivity projects

Q136. India and which country jointly operate the Integrated Check Post at Birgunj–Raxaul border?

  1. (a) Bhutan
  2. (b) Nepal
  3. (c) Myanmar
  4. (d) Sri Lanka
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Nepal

The Integrated Check Post (ICP) at Birgunj–Raxaul border is jointly operated by India and Nepal.
Birgunj is in Nepal; Raxaul is in Bihar, India.
Answer: Option 2 (Nepal)
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 24 September 2025 Shift 1 · Regional groupings (SAARC, ASEAN, BIMSTEC, SCO, G20)

Q137. The primary focus of the Quad is in which region?

  1. (a) Europe
  2. (b) Africa
  3. (c) Indo-Pacific
  4. (d) South America
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Indo-Pacific

The Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad), comprising India, USA, Japan and Australia, is focused on a free, open and inclusive Indo-Pacific region.
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 24 September 2025 Shift 3 · Regional groupings (SAARC, ASEAN, BIMSTEC, SCO, G20)

Q138. When was the concept of QUAD first proposed?

  1. (a) 2004
  2. (b) 2007
  3. (c) 2017
  4. (d) 2020
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) 2007

The Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (QUAD) — comprising India, USA, Japan and Australia — was first proposed in 2007 by Japanese PM Shinzo Abe.
It was revived in 2017 after a period of dormancy, but the initial proposal year is 2007.
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 23 September 2025 Shift 2 · India's foreign relations and connectivity projects

Q139. Which country helped develop Chabahar Port?

  1. (a) China
  2. (b) India
  3. (c) Russia
  4. (d) United States
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) India

Chabahar Port is a deep-water seaport in Iran developed with significant financial and operational involvement from India.
It provides India access to Afghanistan and Central Asia, bypassing Pakistan.
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 22 September 2025 Shift 3 · Regional groupings (SAARC, ASEAN, BIMSTEC, SCO, G20)

Q140. Which BIMSTEC member state leads the priority area of "Energy"?

  1. (a) India
  2. (b) Thailand
  3. (c) Sri Lanka
  4. (d) Bangladesh
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) India

Among the seven BIMSTEC member states, India is the lead country for the priority sector of "Energy" (and "Counter-Terrorism").
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 21 September 2025 Shift 1 · India's foreign relations and connectivity projects

Q141. Which of the following is a main goal of the Chabahar port project?

  1. (a) To increase military presence in the region
  2. (b) To mine for undersea minerals
  3. (c) To increase tourism in Iran
  4. (d) To boost regional trade
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) To boost regional trade

Chabahar Port in Iran is developed by India primarily to boost regional trade and connectivity, particularly with Afghanistan and Central Asia, bypassing Pakistan.
Option 1: It is a commercial, not military project — wrong.
Option 2: Not its purpose — wrong.
Option 3: Tourism is not the goal — wrong.
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 21 September 2025 Shift 2 · India's foreign relations and connectivity projects

Q142. What is the primary strategic significance of Chabahar Port?

  1. (a) (a) Access to the Persian Gulf
  2. (b) (b) Connecting India to the Mediterranean Sea
  3. (c) (c) Bypassing Pakistan for trade with Afghanistan
  4. (d) (d) Enhancing Iran's naval capabilities
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) (c) Bypassing Pakistan for trade with Afghanistan

Chabahar Port is located in southeastern Iran on the Gulf of Oman.
Its primary strategic significance for India is providing access to Afghanistan and Central Asia bypassing Pakistan.
It is not on the Persian Gulf or Mediterranean Sea.
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 19 September 2025 Shift 2 · Regional groupings (SAARC, ASEAN, BIMSTEC, SCO, G20)

Q143. WhichQUADcountry has the largest economy?

  1. (a) Japan
  2. (b) USA
  3. (c) India
  4. (d) Australia
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) USA

Among the QUAD nations (USA, Japan, India, Australia), the USA has the largest economy by GDP.
Japan and India follow; Australia has the smallest of the four.
Hence the answer isUSA.
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 19 September 2025 Shift 3 · Regional groupings (SAARC, ASEAN, BIMSTEC, SCO, G20)

Q144. Read the below statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R).
Assertion(A): Pakistan's move from a 'Positive List' to a 'Negative List' of 1209 tariff lines for Indian goods under SAFTA was challenged by India as a violation of the agreement.
Reason(R): Article 23 of the SAFTA Agreement permits member countries to make unilateral tariff reservations in case of political disagreement.

  1. (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  2. (b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
  3. (c) A is true, but R is false.
  4. (d) A is false, but R is true.
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) A is true, but R is false.

A is true — Pakistan's shift to a Negative List of 1209 tariff lines was challenged by India as inconsistent with SAFTA.
R is false — Article 23 of SAFTA does not permit unilateral tariff reservations on political grounds; tariff concessions must follow the agreement's provisions.
Hence A is true but R is false.
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 18 September 2025 Shift 1 · International organisations and headquarters

Q145. According to Transparency International, what is a major concern with EU golden passport and visa schemes?

  1. (a) They increase legal migration and help boost employment
  2. (b) They encourage cultural exchange across the EU
  3. (c) They enable the corrupt to exploit citizenship and residency systems for personal gain
  4. (d) They promote tourism through relaxed visa regulations
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) They enable the corrupt to exploit citizenship and residency systems for personal gain

Transparency International has flagged that EU golden passport/visa schemes allow corrupt individuals to exploit citizenship and residency for personal gain, enabling money laundering and tax evasion.
Answer: C
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 18 September 2025 Shift 3 · India's foreign relations and connectivity projects

Q146. The "Kaladan Multimodal Transit Transport Project" links India with which country?

  1. (a) China
  2. (b) Myanmar
  3. (c) Bangladesh
  4. (d) Nepal
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Myanmar

• The Kaladan Multimodal Transit Transport Project connects Kolkata port (India) with Sittwe port in Myanmar.
• It then connects via the Kaladan river and road to Mizoram (Northeast India).
• The project aims to provide an alternative route to India's North-East region.
• Answer: Myanmar
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 18 September 2025 Shift 3 · Research institutes and laboratories

Q147. Which institute has been studying the Pensilungpa Glacier in Zanskar, Ladakh, to monitor its retreat and mass balance?

  1. (a) Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS)
  2. (b) Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology (WIHG)
  3. (c) Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI)
  4. (d) Zoological Survey of India (ZSI)
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology (WIHG)

• The Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology (WIHG), located in Dehradun, specializes in glaciological and geological studies of the Himalayan region.
• WIHG has been monitoring the Pensilungpa Glacier in Zanskar, Ladakh for its mass balance and retreat rate.
• Their studies contribute to understanding climate change impacts on Himalayan glaciers.
• Answer: Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology (WIHG)
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 17 September 2025 Shift 1 · India's foreign relations and connectivity projects

Q148. . Which of the following best reflects India's operational and diplomatic approach to boundary demarcation with Myanmar amidst recent local protests over fencing?

  1. (a) India invoked a 1987 treaty and BIMSTEC arbitration to settle boundary pillar disputes.
  2. (b) India and Myanmar conduct joint surveys and proposed a Joint Boundary Working Group.
  3. (c) India halted border fencing to avoid ASEAN trade disruptions.
  4. (d) India dismissed protests and assigned border oversight to AFSPA tribunals.
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) India and Myanmar conduct joint surveys and proposed a Joint Boundary Working Group.

India and Myanmar have continued joint surveys along the boundary and proposed a Joint Boundary Working Group to address demarcation issues.
There is no 1987 treaty / BIMSTEC arbitration involved; fencing has not been halted for ASEAN; and AFSPA tribunals do not handle border oversight.
Hence the second option is correct.
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 17 September 2025 Shift 2 · Regional groupings (SAARC, ASEAN, BIMSTEC, SCO, G20)

Q149. At which BIMSTEC Summit was the agreement to set up the Technology Transfer Facility in Colombo signed?

  1. (a) Third Summit
  2. (b) Fourth Summit
  3. (c) Fifth Summit
  4. (d) Sixth Summit
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Fifth Summit

The 5th BIMSTEC Summit was held in Colombo (2022).
At this summit, the agreement establishing the BIMSTEC Technology Transfer Facility in Colombo was signed.
Hence the answer is the Fifth Summit.
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 16 September 2025 Shift 3 · India's foreign relations and connectivity projects

Q150. Which corridor enhances India's access to Central Asia through Chabahar Port?

  1. (a) East-West Corridor
  2. (b) India-Myanmar Highway
  3. (c) North-South Transport Corridor
  4. (d) South Asian Maritime Path
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) North-South Transport Corridor

The International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC) is a multi-modal trade route that links India to Central Asia and Russia via Iran (Chabahar Port), enhancing India’s connectivity with Central Asia.
SSC CGL Tier-1 2025 – 15 September 2025 Shift 2 · India's foreign relations and connectivity projects

Q151. The Trilateral Highway Project aims to enhance connectivity between India and which two Southeast Asian countries?

  1. (a) Bangladesh and Bhutan
  2. (b) Nepal and Bhutan
  3. (c) Myanmar and Thailand
  4. (d) Nepal and Bangladesh
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Myanmar and Thailand

The India–Myanmar–Thailand Trilateral Highway connects Moreh in Manipur (India) to Mae Sot in Thailand via Myanmar.
It is a flagship project under India’s Act East Policy.
Bangladesh, Bhutan and Nepal are not part of this project.
RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 9 September 2025 Shift 2 · Indian organisations and headquarters

Q152. Which single‑window telecom regulator’s April 2025 consultation on satellite‑based spectrum assignment complements India’s 6G backhaul ambitions?

  1. (a) NIC
  2. (b) WPC
  3. (c) NIXI
  4. (d) TRAI
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) TRAI

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 9 September 2025 Shift 3 · Heads of national bodies

Q153. As in May 2025, who was the Secretary, Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) & Chairman, Atomic Energy Commission (AEC)?

  1. (a) Ratan Kumar Sinha
  2. (b) Sekhar Basu
  3. (c) Ajit Kumar Mohanty
  4. (d) KN Vyas
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Ajit Kumar Mohanty

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 1 September 2025 Shift 3 · Indian organisations and headquarters

Q154. Employees' Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO) India, which added more than 7.5 lac new subscribers in the month of March 2025, comes under which ministry of Government of India?

  1. (a) Ministry of Finance
  2. (b) Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
  3. (c) Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation
  4. (d) Ministry of Labour and Employment
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) Ministry of Labour and Employment

SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 29 August 2025 Shift 1 · India's foreign relations and connectivity projects

Q155. Which Indian government body was appointed as the overall Project Development Consultant (PDC) for the Port and Inland Water Transport (IWT) component of the Kaladan project?

  1. (a) India Ports Global Private Limited (IPGPL)
  2. (b) Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust
  3. (c) Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI)
  4. (d) Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI)

Correct Answer: Option 3 – Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI)
The Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport Project connects Kolkata port (India) to Sittwe port (Myanmar) via sea, then by inland waterway on the Kaladan River, and finally by road to Mizoram. The Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI) was appointed as the Project Development Consultant (PDC) for the Port and Inland Water Transport (IWT) component — leveraging IWAI's expertise in inland waterway infrastructure development and operations.
Option 1 (IPGPL): India Ports Global Private Limited handles overseas port development (Chabahar, etc.); not the PDC for Kaladan IWT component.
Option 2 (JNPT): Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust manages JNPT in Mumbai; not involved as PDC for the Kaladan project.
Option 4 (Ministry): The Ministry provides policy oversight but is not appointed as PDC for a specific project component.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 29 August 2025 Shift 2 · Regional groupings (SAARC, ASEAN, BIMSTEC, SCO, G20)

Q156. Which of the following countries is NOT a member of QUAD?

  1. (a) Australia
  2. (b) India
  3. (c) Japan
  4. (d) China
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) China

Correct Answer: Option 4 – China
The Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (QUAD) is an informal strategic forum comprising four democracies: the United States, India, Japan, and Australia. It was revived in 2017 and upgraded to leader-level summits in 2021. QUAD focuses on a free, open, and prosperous Indo-Pacific, covering areas like infrastructure, climate, technology, health security, and maritime security. China is explicitly NOT a member — in fact, QUAD is widely viewed as a strategic response to China's growing assertiveness in the Indo-Pacific.
Option 1 (Australia): A founding QUAD member.
Option 2 (India): A founding QUAD member; India joined the original Quadrilateral Security Dialogue concept in 2007.
Option 3 (Japan): A founding QUAD member; Japan's PM Shinzo Abe was instrumental in proposing the QUAD concept in 2007.
RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 28 August 2025 Shift 1 · Indian organisations and headquarters

Q157. Software Technology Parks of India (STPI) is a premier S&T organisation under which of the following ministries of the Government of India?

  1. (a) Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY)
  2. (b) Ministry of Science and Technology
  3. (c) Ministry of Home Affairs
  4. (d) Ministry of Communications
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY)

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 21 August 2025 Shift 3 · Research institutes and laboratories

Q158. Each modern industrialised country, including India, has a National Metrology Institute (NMI). What is the main role of an NMI?

  1. (a) To regulate internet access in the country
  2. (b) To monitor weather conditions
  3. (c) To conduct medical research
  4. (d) To maintain standards of measurements
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) To maintain standards of measurements

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 20 August 2025 Shift 1 · Research institutes and laboratories

Q159. Which Indian city is home to the Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology (MNNIT), where research on lightning impact on planes is being conducted?

  1. (a) Lucknow
  2. (b) Prayagraj
  3. (c) Kanpur
  4. (d) Varanasi
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Prayagraj

RRB NTPC UG CBT-1 2024-25 – 8 August 2025 Shift 3 · Regional groupings (SAARC, ASEAN, BIMSTEC, SCO, G20)

Q160. A free trade arrangement of the SAARC countries, the South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA), came into force in which year?

  1. (a) 2018
  2. (b) 2000
  3. (c) 2006
  4. (d) 2010
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) 2006

SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 2 August 2025 Shift 1 · Regional groupings (SAARC, ASEAN, BIMSTEC, SCO, G20)

Q161. Which QUAD country is the largest democracy in the world?

  1. (a) USA
  2. (b) India
  3. (c) Japan
  4. (d) Australia
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) India

Correct Answer: Option 2 – India
India is the world's largest democracy by population. With over 1.4 billion people and more than 900 million registered voters, India holds the largest democratic elections in the world. Among the four QUAD nations (USA, India, Japan, Australia), India has the largest population.
Option 1 (USA): The USA is a major democracy but has a smaller population (~330 million) than India.
Option 3 (Japan): Population of ~125 million; smaller democracy than India.
Option 4 (Australia): Population of ~26 million; much smaller democracy.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 1 August 2025 Shift 1 · United Nations and its agencies

Q162. Which two BRICS nations are permanent members of the UN Security Council?

  1. (a) Russia and Brazil
  2. (b) India and China
  3. (c) China and Russia
  4. (d) India and South Africa
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) China and Russia

Correct Answer: Option 3 – China and Russia
The five permanent members (P5) of the UN Security Council are: USA, UK, France, China, and Russia. Among the BRICS nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa), only China and Russia hold permanent UNSC membership.
Option 1 (Russia and Brazil): Brazil is not a permanent UNSC member.
Option 2 (India and China): India is not a permanent UNSC member.
Option 4 (India and South Africa): Neither India nor South Africa is a permanent UNSC member.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 1 August 2025 Shift 2 · Regional groupings (SAARC, ASEAN, BIMSTEC, SCO, G20)

Q163. Which four countries make up the Quad?

  1. (a) USA, Japan, India, Australia
  2. (b) USA, UK, France, Australia
  3. (c) China, Russia, India, Japan
  4. (d) Canada, USA, Mexico, Brazil
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) USA, Japan, India, Australia

Correct Answer: Option 1 – USA, Japan, India, Australia
The Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad) is a strategic security forum comprising the United States, Japan, India, and Australia. It was revived in 2017 and formally elevated to a leaders-level forum in 2021, focusing on a free, open, and rules-based Indo-Pacific.
Option 2 (USA, UK, France, Australia): This combination does not form the Quad; UK and France are not members.
Option 3 (China, Russia, India, Japan): China and Russia are not part of the Quad.
Option 4 (Canada, USA, Mexico, Brazil): This is unrelated to the Quad; these are Americas groupings.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 1 August 2025 Shift 3 · Regional groupings (SAARC, ASEAN, BIMSTEC, SCO, G20)

Q164. BIMSTEC stands for?

  1. (a) Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation
  2. (b) Bangladesh India Maritime Security and Trade Economic Council
  3. (c) Bhutan India Myanmar South Asia Trade Economic Cooperation
  4. (d) Bay of Bengal International Maritime and Security Treaty
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation

Correct Answer: Option 1 – Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation
BIMSTEC is a regional multilateral organization comprising seven member states: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. It focuses on multi-sectoral cooperation including trade, technology, connectivity, and energy.
Option 2: Incorrect full form – no such organization.
Option 3: Incorrect full form.
Option 4: Incorrect full form.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 31 July 2025 Shift 1 · India's foreign relations and connectivity projects

Q165. Chabahar Port is located in which country?

  1. (a) Pakistan
  2. (b) Iran
  3. (c) UAE
  4. (d) India
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Iran

Correct Answer: Option 2 – Iran
Chabahar Port is located on the Makran coast of Sistan-Baluchestan province in southeastern Iran, along the Gulf of Oman. It is Iran's only oceanic port. India has been developing and operating Shahid Beheshti terminal at Chabahar under a 10-year agreement signed in 2016 (later extended with a long-term deal in May 2024). Strategic significance for India: provides India direct access to Afghanistan and Central Asian Republics bypassing Pakistan; serves as India's counter to China's Gwadar Port (in Pakistan); connects to the International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC) linking India to Russia/Europe via Iran.
Option 1 (Pakistan): Pakistan hosts Gwadar Port (developed by China), not Chabahar.
Option 3 (UAE): The UAE has ports like Jebel Ali (Dubai) — not Chabahar.
Option 4 (India): India is the investor/developer of Chabahar, not its location. Chabahar is in Iran.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 31 July 2025 Shift 2 · Regional groupings (SAARC, ASEAN, BIMSTEC, SCO, G20)

Q166. Which country hosted the first in-person Quad Leaders' Summit in 2021?

  1. (a) India
  2. (b) Japan
  3. (c) Australia
  4. (d) United States
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) United States

Correct Answer: Option 4 – United States
The first in-person Quad Leaders' Summit was hosted by the United States in Washington D.C. on September 24, 2021. US President Joe Biden hosted Australian PM Scott Morrison, Indian PM Narendra Modi, and Japanese PM Yoshihide Suga. The Quad (Quadrilateral Security Dialogue) comprises India, USA, Australia, and Japan. Prior to this, a virtual Quad Leaders' Summit had been held in March 2021 (the first-ever at heads-of-government level). The 2021 in-person summit discussed COVID-19 vaccines, climate change, critical technologies, and Indo-Pacific security.
Option 1 (India): India hosted a later Quad summit in 2022 (New Delhi). The first in-person summit was in Washington D.C.
Option 2 (Japan): Japan hosted the Quad Foreign Ministers' meeting in 2022 and a Leaders' Summit in Tokyo (May 2022). The first in-person Leaders' Summit was in the US.
Option 3 (Australia): Australia hosted the Quad Leaders' Summit in Sydney in May 2023. The first in-person summit was in the US.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 31 July 2025 Shift 2 · India's foreign relations and connectivity projects

Q167. MEC was announced on the sidelines of which major international summit in September 2023?

  1. (a) G7 Summit
  2. (b) ASEAN Summit
  3. (c) BRICS Summit
  4. (d) G20 Summit
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) G20 Summit

The MEC (also known as IMEC or the India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor) was announced on the sidelines of theG20 Summitin September 2023.
The multinational infrastructure project was officially signed on September 9, 2023, during the New Delhi summit. It includes countries like India, theUS, Saudi Arabia, the UAE,France, Germany, Italy, and the European Union.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 31 July 2025 Shift 3 · India's foreign relations and connectivity projects

Q168. Read the below statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R).
Assertion (A): The Union Cabinet approved a MOU allowing India to withdraw 1.82 cusecs of water from the Feni River for Sabroom town in Tripura.
Reason (R): Sabroom town already receives sufficient groundwater supply with low iron content.
Mark the correct option.

  1. (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  2. (b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
  3. (c) A is true, but R is false.
  4. (d) A is false, but R is true.
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) A is true, but R is false.

Correct Answer: Option 3 – A is true, but R is false
Assertion (A) is TRUE: India and Bangladesh signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) during PM Modi's visit to Bangladesh (August 2019) allowing India to withdraw 1.82 cusecs of water from the Feni River (which flows through Tripura before entering Bangladesh) for the drinking water needs of Sabroom town in Tripura.
Reason (R) is FALSE: The reason given is factually incorrect. Sabroom town does NOT have sufficient groundwater with low iron content. On the contrary, the town has inadequate groundwater, and what groundwater exists has high iron content (making it unsuitable for drinking). This is precisely why India sought to draw water from the Feni River — to provide clean, safe drinking water. R incorrectly states the situation and is the opposite of the actual reason.
Therefore: A is true, R is false = Option 3.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 31 July 2025 Shift 3 · India's foreign relations and connectivity projects

Q169. Which of the following statements regarding India-Nepal water cooperation are correct?
1) Pancheshwar Development Authority (PDA) was created solely for the Gandak Project.
2) Flood Forecasting System uses jointly updated hydro-meteorological data during monsoons.
3) Sapta Kosi and Sun Kosi projects are jointly surveyed under a Joint Project Office.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

  1. (a) 1 and 2 only
  2. (b) 2 and 3 only
  3. (c) 1 and 3 only
  4. (d) 1, 2, and 3 all are correct
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) 2 and 3 only

Correct Answer: Option 2 – 2 and 3 only
Statement 1 (FALSE): The Pancheshwar Development Authority (PDA) was NOT created for the Gandak Project. PDA was established to oversee the Pancheshwar Multipurpose Project on the Mahakali River (under the Mahakali Treaty/Treaty of Sharada, 1996). The Gandak Project has its own separate bilateral framework (Gandak Agreement, 1959). Statements conflating PDA with the Gandak Project are incorrect.
Statement 2 (TRUE): India and Nepal maintain a jointly operated Flood Forecasting System through which both countries update hydro-meteorological data during the monsoon season. This bilateral flood early warning system helps downstream areas in Nepal and India prepare for floods from Himalayan rivers.
Statement 3 (TRUE): The Sapta Kosi High Dam and Sun Kosi Storage-cum-Diversion Scheme are major bilateral water projects being jointly surveyed by India and Nepal under a Joint Project Office framework. These projects aim to harness the hydropower potential of the Kosi river system.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 30 July 2025 Shift 1 · India's foreign relations and connectivity projects

Q170. The 'Hambantota Port' in Sri Lanka was developed with financial assistance received from which country?

  1. (a) India
  2. (b) China
  3. (c) USA
  4. (d) Japan
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) China

Correct Answer: Option 2 – China
Hambantota Port in southern Sri Lanka was developed primarily with loans from China (China Exim Bank) and constructed by China Harbour Engineering Company. When Sri Lanka was unable to service its debt, it leased Hambantota Port to China Merchants Port Holdings Company on a 99-year lease in 2017 — a development widely discussed as an example of China's 'debt-trap diplomacy.' Hambantota is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes.
Option 1 (India): India has development assistance projects in Sri Lanka (power plants, housing) but did not finance Hambantota Port.
Option 3 (USA): The US has no significant role in Hambantota Port's development.
Option 4 (Japan): Japan is a major development lender in South and Southeast Asia but did not finance Hambantota Port.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 30 July 2025 Shift 2 · India's foreign relations and connectivity projects

Q171. How does IMEC alliance benefit Indian exporters?

  1. (a) Reduced transportation time and lower logistics costs
  2. (b) Increased import duties on European goods
  3. (c) Limited access to Middle Eastern markets
  4. (d) Higher tariffs on Indian exports
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Reduced transportation time and lower logistics costs

Correct Answer: Option 1 – Reduced transportation time and lower logistics costs
The India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC), announced at the G20 New Delhi Summit (September 2023), benefits Indian exporters primarily by reducing transportation time and lowering logistics costs. The corridor creates a multi-modal connectivity route (ship-to-rail) from India through the UAE, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Israel to Greece and onward to Europe — projected to cut shipping time by ~40% and logistics costs by ~30% compared to existing Suez Canal routes. This makes Indian goods more competitive in European and Middle Eastern markets.
Option 2 (Increased import duties on European goods): IMEC is a connectivity corridor, not a trade agreement imposing duties — it does not raise import duties.
Option 3 (Limited access to Middle Eastern markets): The opposite — IMEC enhances access to Middle Eastern and European markets for Indian exporters.
Option 4 (Higher tariffs on Indian exports): IMEC aims to reduce trade barriers and costs, not impose higher tariffs on Indian exports.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 29 July 2025 Shift 1 · India's foreign relations and connectivity projects

Q172. Which Middle Eastern country plays a central role in the IMEC alliance?

  1. (a) Qatar
  2. (b) Saudi Arabia
  3. (c) Iran
  4. (d) Oman
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Saudi Arabia

Correct Answer: Option 2 – Saudi Arabia
The India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC) was announced at the G20 Summit in New Delhi on September 9, 2023. IMEC is a proposed rail and shipping corridor connecting India to Europe via the Middle East. Saudi Arabia is the central Middle Eastern country in the IMEC framework — the corridor passes through India → UAE → Saudi Arabia → Jordan → Israel → Greece → Europe. Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 and its geographic centrality make it the key Middle Eastern hub. The US, UAE, Saudi Arabia, EU, India, Italy, France, and Germany signed the MoU for IMEC.
Option 1 (Qatar): While Qatar is a significant Middle Eastern economy (LNG exports, Al Jazeera, FIFA 2022 host), it is not a central node in the IMEC corridor route.
Option 3 (Iran): Iran is not a participant in IMEC; geopolitical sanctions and its position outside the corridor route exclude it.
Option 4 (Oman): Oman is part of Gulf cooperation and has strategic ports, but the primary IMEC route goes through Saudi Arabia, not Oman.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 29 July 2025 Shift 2 · India's foreign relations and connectivity projects

Q173. Assertion (A): IMEC is expected to reduce logistics costs and transport time significantly across the India-Middle East-Europe trade corridor.
Reason (R): IMEC integrates railways, roadways, energy pipelines, and undersea cables to boost connectivity.

  1. (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  2. (b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
  3. (c) A is true, but R is false.
  4. (d) A is false, but R is true.
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

Correct Answer: Option 1 – Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Assertion (A) is TRUE: The India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC), announced at the G20 New Delhi Summit (September 2023), is designed to significantly reduce logistics costs and transport times between India, the Gulf, and Europe. The corridor aims to cut shipping time between India and Europe by about 40% and logistics costs substantially compared to current sea routes via Suez Canal.
Reason (R) is TRUE: IMEC is a multi-modal connectivity initiative integrating ship-to-rail networks, along with energy pipelines (clean hydrogen, electricity), and undersea cables for telecommunications — creating a comprehensive corridor across India, UAE, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Israel, Greece, and onward to Europe.
R correctly explains A: IMEC reduces logistics costs and time precisely because it integrates multiple transport modes (rail, sea, road) with energy and digital infrastructure, creating a more efficient corridor than existing routes. R is thus the correct explanation of A.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 29 July 2025 Shift 2 · India's foreign relations and connectivity projects

Q174. Assertion (A): IMEC is expected to reduce logistics costs by up to 30% and transportation time by 40%.
Reason (R): IMEC integrates digital infrastructure, clean energy pipelines, and rail-road connectivity to optimize trade routes.

  1. (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  2. (b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
  3. (c) A is true, but R is false.
  4. (d) A is false, but R is true.
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

Correct Answer: Option 1 – Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Assertion (A) is TRUE: IMEC is projected to reduce logistics costs by up to 30% and transportation time by approximately 40% compared to existing routes (primarily the Suez Canal sea route). These are official projections associated with the corridor announced at G20 2023.
Reason (R) is TRUE: IMEC's efficiency gains are achieved through its integrated multi-modal infrastructure: digital infrastructure (undersea telecom cables, smart logistics), clean energy pipelines (green hydrogen, electricity cables), and combined rail-road-sea connectivity spanning India to Europe via the Gulf states.
R correctly explains A: The multi-modal integration described in R is precisely the mechanism through which IMEC achieves the cost and time reductions cited in A. R is the correct causal explanation of A.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 29 July 2025 Shift 2 · Regional groupings (SAARC, ASEAN, BIMSTEC, SCO, G20)

Q175. Where is the BIMSTEC Secretariat located?

  1. (a) New Delhi, India
  2. (b) Dhaka, Bangladesh
  3. (c) Bangkok, Thailand
  4. (d) Colombo, Sri Lanka
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Dhaka, Bangladesh

Correct Answer: Option 2 – Dhaka, Bangladesh
The BIMSTEC (Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation) Secretariat is located in Dhaka, Bangladesh. BIMSTEC was established on June 6, 1997 through the Bangkok Declaration. It has 7 member states: Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Nepal, and Bhutan. The permanent Secretariat was established in Dhaka in 2014. BIMSTEC focuses on trade, technology, energy, transport, tourism, fisheries, agriculture, and cultural cooperation among Bay of Bengal littoral and adjacent states.
Option 1 (New Delhi, India): India is the largest BIMSTEC member but does not host the Secretariat.
Option 3 (Bangkok, Thailand): Bangkok was the location of BIMSTEC's founding and its initial phase; the permanent Secretariat was later established in Dhaka.
Option 4 (Colombo, Sri Lanka): Sri Lanka is a BIMSTEC member but does not host the Secretariat.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 29 July 2025 Shift 3 · Regional groupings (SAARC, ASEAN, BIMSTEC, SCO, G20)

Q176. What was the immediate outcome of Pakistan's objection to the SAARC Motor Vehicle Agreement in 2014?

  1. (a) India proposed a trilateral pact with China and Bhutan.
  2. (b) India shifted focus to BIMSTEC Maritime Agreement.
  3. (c) India advanced the BBIN Motor Vehicle Agreement.
  4. (d) SAARC halted all connectivity projects.
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) India advanced the BBIN Motor Vehicle Agreement.

Correct Answer: Option 3 – India advanced the BBIN Motor Vehicle Agreement
At the 18th SAARC Summit in Kathmandu (November 2014), a SAARC Motor Vehicle Agreement (MVA) was proposed to allow seamless movement of goods and passengers across SAARC nations. Pakistan objected and blocked the agreement. As a direct response, India advanced a sub-regional alternative: the BBIN (Bangladesh-Bhutan-India-Nepal) Motor Vehicle Agreement, signed on June 15, 2015 in Thimphu, Bhutan. BBIN MVA allows commercial, passenger, and personal vehicles of member countries to ply in each other's territory, effectively bypassing Pakistan's SAARC veto.
Option 1 (Trilateral pact with China and Bhutan): India did not propose any trilateral with China as a response; China is not a SAARC member and this did not happen.
Option 2 (BIMSTEC Maritime Agreement): While India has been investing in BIMSTEC as an alternative to SAARC, no specific 'BIMSTEC Maritime Agreement' was the immediate outcome of Pakistan's 2014 SAARC MVA objection.
Option 4 (SAARC halted all projects): SAARC did not halt all connectivity projects; the sub-regional BBIN framework was specifically developed to move forward without Pakistan.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 28 July 2025 Shift 1 · India's foreign relations and connectivity projects

Q177. What is the significance of India's 10-year agreement with Iran regarding Chabahar Port?

  1. (a) It grants India operational control over the port
  2. (b) It allows India to export oil from Iran
  3. (c) It restricts trade between Iran and China
  4. (d) It merges Chabahar with Gwadar Port
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) It grants India operational control over the port

Correct Answer: Option 1 – It grants India operational control over the port
In May 2024, India (through India Ports Global Ltd.) signed a 10-year long-term contract with Iran for the operation and development of the Shahid Beheshti terminal at Chabahar Port. This agreement grants India operational control over the port, enabling it to manage cargo handling, develop infrastructure, and invest in port expansion. Chabahar serves as India's strategic gateway to Afghanistan, Central Asia, and Russia, bypassing Pakistan.
Option 2 (Export oil from Iran): The agreement is about port operations and trade connectivity, not oil exports from Iran.
Option 3 (Restricts Iran-China trade): The agreement has no provisions restricting Iran's trade with China; it is a bilateral operational arrangement.
Option 4 (Merges with Gwadar Port): Chabahar (Indian-developed, Iranian port) and Gwadar (Chinese-developed, Pakistani port) are rival strategic ports; there is no merging.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 28 July 2025 Shift 2 · India's foreign relations and connectivity projects

Q178. How does the Chabahar Port strategically assist India?

  1. (a) It provides direct access to Central Asia, bypassing Pakistan
  2. (b) It serves as India's largest domestic port
  3. (c) It is a major hub for India's oil imports
  4. (d) It connects India to the Mediterranean Sea
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) It provides direct access to Central Asia, bypassing Pakistan

Correct Answer: Option 1 – It provides direct access to Central Asia, bypassing Pakistan
Chabahar Port (located in Sistan-Baluchestan province, Iran) is India's strategic gateway to landlocked Afghanistan and Central Asian countries (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, etc.) without having to transit through Pakistan, which blocks direct land access. Via Chabahar → International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC) → Afghanistan → Central Asia, India can access markets and resources. India signed a 10-year operational contract in 2024 to manage the Shahid Beheshti terminal.
Option 2 (India's largest domestic port): Chabahar is in Iran — a foreign port, not a domestic Indian port. India's major ports include JNPT, Mundra, Paradip, etc.
Option 3 (Hub for oil imports): India imports oil via multiple routes; Chabahar's strategic value is as a trade/connectivity hub, not specifically an oil import terminal.
Option 4 (Connects to Mediterranean): Chabahar connects to Central Asia and Europe via the INSTC; the Mediterranean connection is indirect and not its primary strategic value for India.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 28 July 2025 Shift 2 · Research institutes and laboratories

Q179. Name the location of the National Institute of Rehabilitation Training and Research (NIRTAR)?

  1. (a) New Delhi
  2. (b) Bhubaneswar, Odisha
  3. (c) Cuttack, Odisha
  4. (d) Mumbai, Maharashtra
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Cuttack, Odisha

Correct Answer: Option 3 – Cuttack, Odisha
The National Institute for Rehabilitation Training and Research (NIRTAR) is located at Olatpur , Cuttack, Odisha. It is an autonomous body under the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, Government of India. NIRTAR provides rehabilitation services, training, and research for persons with locomotor disabilities. It offers prosthetics, orthotics, physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and vocational training.
Option 1 (New Delhi): NIRTAR is not located in Delhi; several other national institutes are in Delhi.
Option 2 (Bhubaneswar, Odisha): Bhubaneswar is Odisha's capital and has AIIMS Bhubaneswar and other institutes, but NIRTAR is specifically at Cuttack.
Option 4 (Mumbai, Maharashtra): NIRTAR is not in Mumbai.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 28 July 2025 Shift 3 · India's foreign relations and connectivity projects

Q180. Which of the following statements about the India-Japan strategic and economic partnership are correct?
1) Japan is India's 5th-largest FDI source, with over $43 billion invested and key roles in metro and bullet train projects.
2) CEPA (2011) led to 11 Japanese industrial townships in 8 Indian states and 1,400+ Japanese firms in India.
3) CEPA launched a Digital Skills Exchange Program on AI and Kaizen-based public governance.

  1. (a) 1 and 2 only
  2. (b) 2 and 3 only
  3. (c) 1 and 3 only
  4. (d) 1, 2, and 3 all are correct
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only

Correct Answer: Option 1 – 1 and 2 only
Statement 1 (TRUE): Japan is indeed among India's top FDI sources. The India-Japan Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA, 2011) and Special Strategic and Global Partnership have driven Japanese investment. Japan has key roles in Delhi Metro, Mumbai-Ahmedabad High Speed Rail (Shinkansen/bullet train), DMIC (Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor), and other infrastructure projects.
Statement 2 (TRUE): The CEPA (2011) catalyzed Japanese industrial investment in India through dedicated Japanese industrial townships/zones across multiple states, with over 1,400 Japanese companies operating in India (as per JETRO data).
Statement 3 (FALSE): The India-Japan CEPA does not include a specific 'Digital Skills Exchange Program on AI and Kaizen-based public governance' as a formal provision. While India-Japan digital cooperation exists under various bilateral frameworks, this specific program is not a CEPA provision.
Only Statements 1 and 2 are correct.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 26 July 2025 Shift 1 · India's foreign relations and connectivity projects

Q181. Which Indian company is managing the operations of Chabahar Port?

  1. (a) Adani Ports
  2. (b) Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust (JNPT)
  3. (c) Indian Ports Global Limited (IPGL)
  4. (d) Shipping Corporation of India
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Indian Ports Global Limited (IPGL)

Correct Answer: Option 3 – Indian Ports Global Limited (IPGL)
Indian Ports Global Limited (IPGL), a wholly-owned Government of India company under the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways, is managing the operations of the Shahid Beheshti terminal at Chabahar Port in Iran. India signed a 10-year contract with Iran in May 2024 for operating the port. Chabahar is strategically important as it provides India access to Afghanistan and Central Asia bypassing Pakistan.
Option 1 (Adani Ports): India's largest private port operator; not involved in Chabahar Port operations.
Option 2 (JNPT): JNPT manages Jawaharlal Nehru Port in Mumbai; not involved in Chabahar.
Option 4 (Shipping Corporation of India): SCI is India's government shipping line; not the operator of Chabahar Port.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 26 July 2025 Shift 1 · India's foreign relations and connectivity projects

Q182. Which two regions does the IMEC alliance aim to connect through the Middle East?

  1. (a) Asia and Africa
  2. (b) Asia and Europe
  3. (c) Europe and South America
  4. (d) North America and Asia
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Asia and Europe

Correct Answer: Option 2 – Asia and Europe
The India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC), announced at the G20 Summit in New Delhi (September 2023), aims to create a connectivity corridor linking Asia (India) to Europe through the Middle East (UAE, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Israel) via rail and shipping routes. The corridor is designed to facilitate trade, reduce transit times, and provide an alternative to the Suez Canal route, connecting the Asian and European economies.
Option 1 (Asia and Africa): IMEC does not aim to connect Africa; it specifically targets the Asia–Europe corridor through the Middle East.
Option 3 (Europe and South America): No connection to South America in IMEC's scope.
Option 4 (North America and Asia): North America is not part of IMEC's primary connectivity scope; USA is a supporting partner but the corridor itself connects India (Asia) to Europe.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 26 July 2025 Shift 2 · Regional groupings (SAARC, ASEAN, BIMSTEC, SCO, G20)

Q183. What is the primary focus of BIMSTEC?

  1. (a) Military cooperation
  2. (b) Economic and technical cooperation
  3. (c) Space exploration
  4. (d) Cultural exchange
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Economic and technical cooperation

Correct Answer: Option 2 – Economic and technical cooperation
BIMSTEC (Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation), established on June 6, 1997, is a regional grouping of seven countries (Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Nepal, Bhutan) whose primary focus is economic and technical cooperation across multiple sectors including: trade and investment, technology, energy, transport and communication, tourism, fisheries, agriculture, and cultural cooperation. It aims to accelerate economic growth and social progress in the Bay of Bengal region.
Option 1 (Military cooperation): BIMSTEC is not a military alliance; while security cooperation exists (anti-terrorism, counter-narcotics), the primary mandate is economic.
Option 3 (Space exploration): Space exploration is not a BIMSTEC mandate; it is handled by national agencies and bilateral arrangements.
Option 4 (Cultural exchange): Cultural cooperation is a component of BIMSTEC but not its primary focus; economic and technical cooperation is central.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 26 July 2025 Shift 2 · United Nations and its agencies

Q184. Under which organization does the Trade and Development Board operate?

  1. (a) World Trade Organization (WTO)
  2. (b) United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
  3. (c) International Monetary Fund (IMF)
  4. (d) World Bank
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)

Correct Answer: Option 2 – United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
The Trade and Development Board (TDB) is the executive body of UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development), headquartered in Geneva. The TDB meets several times a year to oversee UNCTAD's work program and activities between the full UNCTAD Conferences (held every four years). UNCTAD was established in 1964 to promote international trade and economic development, particularly for developing countries.
Option 1 (WTO): The World Trade Organization's governing body is the General Council and Ministerial Conference; the TDB is not under WTO.
Option 3 (IMF): The IMF's governing bodies are the Board of Governors and Executive Board; not the Trade and Development Board.
Option 4 (World Bank): The World Bank's governing body is its Board of Governors and Board of Executive Directors; the TDB is not under the World Bank.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 26 July 2025 Shift 3 · India's foreign relations and connectivity projects

Q185. Which of the following best reflects the distinguishing operational philosophy of India's ' Neighbourhood First' policy compared to its 'Act East' policy?

  1. (a) Neighbourhood First targets ASEAN security; Act East delivers SAARC health aid.
  2. (b) Neighbourhood First offers non-reciprocal aid in South Asia; Act East builds strategic ties in Southeast Asia.
  3. (c) Both focus solely on infrastructure in BIMSTEC and QUAD.
  4. (d) Act East builds communities in neighbours ; Neighbourhood First leads Indo-Pacific navies.
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Neighbourhood First offers non-reciprocal aid in South Asia; Act East builds strategic ties in Southeast Asia.

Correct Answer: Option 2 – Neighbourhood First offers non-reciprocal aid in South Asia; Act East builds strategic ties in Southeast Asia
' Neighbourhood First' policy focuses on immediate South Asian neighbors (Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Myanmar, Afghanistan) through non-reciprocal development assistance — grants, credit lines, power connectivity, water projects — without demanding equivalent returns, fostering goodwill.
'Act East' policy (relaunched 2014) extends India's strategic and economic engagement to ASEAN, East Asia, and the broader Indo-Pacific — through trade agreements (ASEAN FTA), defence partnerships, digital connectivity, and multilateral forums (EAS, Quad).
Option 1: Roles are reversed — Neighbourhood First covers South Asia (not ASEAN security); Act East covers Southeast Asia.
Option 3: Both policies cover far more than infrastructure; neither is limited to BIMSTEC and QUAD alone.
Option 4: The descriptions are inverted and factually inaccurate.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 26 July 2025 Shift 3 · India's foreign relations and connectivity projects

Q186. Consider the following statements regarding recent India-Maldives bilateral developments:
1. India announced a financial assistance package of USD 1.4 billion to Maldives during President Solih's 2018 visit.
2. The 6th Joint Commission Meeting (JCM) in 2019 included signing MoUs between the Financial Intelligence Units (FIUs) of both countries.
3. In 2020, India and Maldives signed an agreement for mutual support in climate risk insurance for island territories.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

  1. (a) Only 1 and 3
  2. (b) Only 1 and 2
  3. (c) Only 2 and 3
  4. (d) 1, 2 and 3 All are correct
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Only 1 and 2

Correct Answer: Option 2 – Only 1 and 2
Statement 1 (TRUE): During Maldivian President Ibrahim Mohamed Solih's state visit to India in December 2018, India announced a USD 1.4 billion financial assistance package — including grants, currency swap, and lines of credit — the largest-ever Indian package to Maldives.
Statement 2 (TRUE): The 6th India-Maldives Joint Commission Meeting in 2019 included signing MoUs in multiple areas, including cooperation between the Financial Intelligence Units (FIUs) of both countries for anti-money laundering and countering terrorism financing.
Statement 3 (FALSE): No official record exists of India and Maldives signing a 'climate risk insurance for island territories' agreement in 2020. This specific bilateral agreement is not verifiable in the official record of India-Maldives relations.
Only Statements 1 and 2 are correct — Option 2.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 25 July 2025 Shift 1 · India's foreign relations and connectivity projects

Q187. Which countries are part of the IMEC alliance?

  1. (a) India, UAE, Saudi Arabia, Israel, European Union, USA
  2. (b) India, China, UAE, Saudi Arabia, Russia
  3. (c) India, Pakistan, UAE, Iran, European Union
  4. (d) India, UAE, Qatar, Turkey, European Union
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) India, UAE, Saudi Arabia, Israel, European Union, USA

Correct Answer: Option 1 – India, UAE, Saudi Arabia, Israel, European Union, USA
The India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC), announced at the G20 Summit in New Delhi (September 2023), involves: India, UAE, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Israel, Greece, Italy, and the European Union, with the USA as a key supporter/facilitator. The corridor creates a railway and shipping route connecting India to Europe through the Middle East, providing an alternative to the Suez Canal.
Option 2 (China): China is NOT part of IMEC; IMEC is seen partly as a counter to China's Belt and Road Initiative.
Option 3 (Pakistan, Iran): Neither Pakistan nor Iran is part of IMEC.
Option 4 (Qatar, Turkey): Qatar and Turkey are not core members of the IMEC corridor.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 25 July 2025 Shift 2 · India's foreign relations and connectivity projects

Q188. Which two Middle Eastern countries are specifically mentioned as part of India's current clean energy and trade dialogues in the context of IMEC?

  1. (a) Iraq and Iran
  2. (b) Oman and Qatar
  3. (c) Saudi Arabia and UAE
  4. (d) Jordan and Bahrain
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Saudi Arabia and UAE

Correct Answer: Option 3 – Saudi Arabia and UAE
The India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC), announced at the G20 Summit in New Delhi (September 2023), specifically features Saudi Arabia and the UAE as the two Middle Eastern anchor nations. The corridor connects India → UAE → Saudi Arabia → Jordan → Israel → Greece/Italy → Europe. Both Saudi Arabia and the UAE are India's key partners for clean energy (green hydrogen, solar) and trade dialogues within IMEC's framework.
Option 1 (Iraq and Iran): Neither is part of the IMEC corridor.
Option 2 (Oman and Qatar): Not the primary IMEC Middle Eastern nations, though India has bilateral relations with both.
Option 4 (Jordan and Bahrain): Jordan is a transit country in IMEC but not specifically highlighted in clean energy dialogues; Bahrain is not a primary IMEC member.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 25 July 2025 Shift 2 · Regional groupings (SAARC, ASEAN, BIMSTEC, SCO, G20)

Q189. When was BIMSTEC established?

  1. (a) 1997
  2. (b) 1995
  3. (c) 2000
  4. (d) 2004
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) 1997

Correct Answer: Option 1 – 1997
BIMSTEC (Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation) was established on June 6, 1997, in Bangkok, Thailand, initially as BIST-EC (Bangladesh-India-Sri Lanka-Thailand Economic Cooperation). It was renamed BIMSTEC in 1997 when Myanmar joined, and Nepal and Bhutan joined in 2004. Current members: Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Nepal, and Bhutan.
Option 2 (1995): BIMSTEC was not established in 1995; 1997 is the correct founding year.
Option 3 (2000): Not the founding year; some restructuring occurred, but BIMSTEC was already established by 1997.
Option 4 (2004): This is when Nepal and Bhutan joined, not the founding year.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 25 July 2025 Shift 2 · Regional groupings (SAARC, ASEAN, BIMSTEC, SCO, G20)

Q190. Which of the following countries is NOT a member of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)?

  1. (a) Afghanistan
  2. (b) Bhutan
  3. (c) China
  4. (d) Nepal
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) China

Correct Answer: Option 3 – China
SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation) has 8 member states: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, Maldives, and Afghanistan (joined in 2007). China is NOT a SAARC member; it has observer status (along with USA, EU, Japan, South Korea, Australia, Iran, and Myanmar) but is not a full member.
Option 1 (Afghanistan): A full SAARC member since 2007.
Option 2 (Bhutan): A founding member of SAARC (1985).
Option 4 (Nepal): A founding member of SAARC (1985).
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 25 July 2025 Shift 2 · Research institutes and laboratories

Q191. What type of services does NIRTAR provide?

  1. (a) Agricultural training
  2. (b) Rehabilitation services, education, and research
  3. (c) Industrial development programs
  4. (d) Financial assistance for startups
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Rehabilitation services, education, and research

Correct Answer: Option 2 – Rehabilitation services, education, and research
NIRTAR (National Institute of Rehabilitation, Training and Research), located in Cuttack, Odisha, is an autonomous institute under the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment. It provides comprehensive services for persons with disabilities including rehabilitation (physical, vocational, and social), special education, skills training, prosthetics and orthotics services, and conducts research in the field of disability and rehabilitation medicine.
Option 1 (Agricultural training): NIRTAR focuses on disability rehabilitation, not agricultural training.
Option 3 (Industrial development programs): Industrial development falls under MSME and commerce ministries; not NIRTAR's mandate.
Option 4 (Financial assistance for startups): Startup funding is handled by agencies like Startup India and SIDBI; not NIRTAR.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 25 July 2025 Shift 3 · India's foreign relations and connectivity projects

Q192. Which of the following best reflects the distinguishing operational philosophy of India's ' Neighbourhood First' policy compared to its 'Act East' policy?

  1. (a) Neighbourhood First targets ASEAN security; Act East delivers SAARC health aid.
  2. (b) Neighbourhood First offers non-reciprocal aid in South Asia; Act East builds strategic ties in Southeast Asia.
  3. (c) Both focus solely on infrastructure in BIMSTEC and QUAD.
  4. (d) Act East builds communities in neighbours ; Neighbourhood First leads Indo-Pacific navies.
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Neighbourhood First offers non-reciprocal aid in South Asia; Act East builds strategic ties in Southeast Asia.

Correct Answer: Option 2 – Neighbourhood First offers non-reciprocal aid in South Asia; Act East builds strategic ties in Southeast Asia
India's ' Neighbourhood First' policy focuses on immediate neighbors (Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Myanmar, Afghanistan) through non-reciprocal development aid, connectivity projects, and people-to-people ties — prioritizing goodwill without demanding equivalent returns (e.g., power grid connectivity, water projects, COVID vaccines).
India's 'Act East' policy (formerly Look East, relaunched 2014) focuses on building strategic, economic, and cultural ties with ASEAN and the broader Indo-Pacific region — covering trade agreements, defence partnerships, connectivity (Trilateral Highway), and multilateral cooperation (ASEAN, East Asia Summit, Quad).
Option 1: The roles are reversed in this option; Neighbourhood First covers South Asia (not ASEAN security), and Act East covers Southeast Asia.
Option 3: Both policies are broader than infrastructure only; Neighbourhood First is not limited to BIMSTEC and Act East covers more than BIMSTEC and QUAD.
Option 4: The descriptions are reversed and inaccurate.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 25 July 2025 Shift 3 · India's foreign relations and connectivity projects

Q193. Consider the following statements regarding recent India-Maldives bilateral developments:
1. India announced a financial assistance package of USD 1.4 billion to Maldives during President Solih's 2018 visit.
2. The 6th Joint Commission Meeting (JCM) in 2019 included signing MoUs between the Financial Intelligence Units (FIUs) of both countries.
3. In 2020, India and Maldives signed an agreement for mutual support in climate risk insurance for island territories.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

  1. (a) Only 1 and 3
  2. (b) Only 1 and 2
  3. (c) Only 2 and 3
  4. (d) 1, 2 and 3 All are correct
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) Only 1 and 2

Correct Answer: Option 2 – Only 1 and 2
Statement 1 (TRUE): During Maldivian President Ibrahim Mohamed Solih's state visit to India in December 2018, India announced a comprehensive financial assistance package of USD 1.4 billion (combination of grants, currency swap, and lines of credit) to support the Maldives' development — the largest-ever package from India to Maldives.
Statement 2 (TRUE): The 6th India-Maldives Joint Commission Meeting held in 2019 included the signing of MoUs in various areas including cooperation between the Financial Intelligence Units (FIUs) of both countries for anti-money laundering and counter-terrorism financing cooperation.
Statement 3 (FALSE): The specific claim that India and Maldives signed a climate risk insurance agreement in 2020 for island territories is not substantiated by official records of the bilateral relationship. No such specific agreement is on record for 2020.
Therefore, only Statements 1 and 2 are correct.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 24 July 2025 Shift 1 · India's foreign relations and connectivity projects

Q194. Which Indian state benefits the most from trade through Chabahar Port?

  1. (a) Gujarat
  2. (b) Maharashtra
  3. (c) Kerala
  4. (d) Tamil Nadu
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Gujarat

Correct Answer: Option 1 – Gujarat
Chabahar Port, located on the Gulf of Oman in southeastern Iran, provides India with direct maritime access to Iran, Afghanistan, and Central Asia, bypassing Pakistan. Gujarat benefits the most because: (1) it is geographically the closest Indian state to Iran, (2) it has the largest number of ports (Kandla, Mundra) handling this trade, and (3) Gujarat's strong trade ties with the Persian Gulf and West Asia make Chabahar a strategic asset for the state's export-import activities.
Option 2 (Maharashtra): Has significant trade through Mumbai but is geographically farther from Chabahar.
Option 3 (Kerala): Located on the southwestern coast; its trade is more oriented toward the southern Arabian Sea routes.
Option 4 (Tamil Nadu): Located on the southeastern coast; primarily benefits from Bay of Bengal trade routes.
SSC Selection Post 2025 (Phase XIII) – 24 July 2025 Shift 3 · India's foreign relations and connectivity projects

Q195. Which initiative is linked to India–Bangladesh defence cooperation and involves maritime domain awareness using a radar-based system?

  1. (a) Joint Bangladesh–India Naval Command Centre in Chattogram
  2. (b) Indo-Bangla Coastal Defence Protocol (ICDP)
  3. (c) Coastal Surveillance Radar System MoU
  4. (d) Indo-Pacific Maritime Initiative Agreement
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) Coastal Surveillance Radar System MoU

Correct Answer: Option 3 – Coastal Surveillance Radar System MoU
India and Bangladesh signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for the Coastal Surveillance Radar System (CSRS) as part of their defence and maritime cooperation. Under this initiative, India provides radar systems to Bangladesh to enhance maritime domain awareness in the Bay of Bengal, helping monitor ship movements and improve coastal security.
Option 1 (Joint Naval Command Centre): No such joint naval command centre exists between India and Bangladesh.
Option 2 (Indo-Bangla Coastal Defence Protocol): This specific named protocol is not the recognized initiative for the radar-based maritime cooperation.
Option 4 (Indo-Pacific Maritime Initiative Agreement): A broader regional concept; not the specific India-Bangladesh bilateral radar-based initiative.
RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2024-25 – 24 June 2025 Shift 1 · Indian organisations and headquarters

Q196. How many offices of the University Grants Commission are in Delhi?

  1. (a) 4
  2. (b) 1
  3. (c) 3
  4. (d) 2
Answer & solution

Answer: (c) 3

RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2024-25 – 19 June 2025 Shift 3 · India's foreign relations and connectivity projects

Q197. Which transport initiative aims to link India with Thailand and Myanmar under India’s Act East Policy?

  1. (a) Mekong–Ganga Corridor
  2. (b) Kaladan Project
  3. (c) East Coast Economic Corridor
  4. (d) IMT Trilateral Highway
Answer & solution

Answer: (d) IMT Trilateral Highway

RRB NTPC GL CBT-1 2024-25 – 9 June 2025 Shift 1 · International organisations and headquarters

Q198. Which organisation does the Ministry of Rural Development cooperate with for rural development in Asia and the Pacific?

  1. (a) Centre on Integrated Rural Development for Asia and Pacific (CIRDAP)
  2. (b) Asian Development Bank (ADB)
  3. (c) World Bank
  4. (d) African-Asian Rural Development Organization (AARDO)
Answer & solution

Answer: (a) Centre on Integrated Rural Development for Asia and Pacific (CIRDAP)

RRB Technician Grade III 2024-25 – 26 December 2024 Shift 1 · United Nations and its agencies

Q199. In 1987, the UNEP succeeded in forging an agreement to freeze Chlorofluorocarbons production at 1986 levels. What is the full form of UNEP?

  1. (a) United Nations Environment Policy
  2. (b) United Nations Environment Programme
  3. (c) United Nations Ecological Programme
  4. (d) United Nations Ecological Policy
Answer & solution

Answer: (b) United Nations Environment Programme

Correct Answer: Option 2 — United Nations Environment Programme
UNEP stands for the United Nations Environment Programme. It is the environmental authority of the United Nations, set up in 1972 after the Stockholm Conference, with its headquarters at Nairobi, Kenya.
As NCERT records, in 1987 the UNEP succeeded in forging an agreement — the Montreal Protocol — to freeze CFC production at 1986 levels. This became necessary because Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), used as refrigerants and aerosol propellants, rise to the stratosphere, are split by UV rays into chlorine free radicals, and a single chlorine atom then destroys thousands of ozone molecules. The thinning of the ozone layer lets harmful ultraviolet radiation reach the Earth, causing skin cancer, cataract and damage to crops.
❌ Why the other options are incorrect
✗ United Nations Environment Policy — 'Policy' is not the correct expansion; UNEP is a Programme, an organisation, not a written policy.
✗ United Nations Ecological Programme — the letter E in UNEP stands for Environment, not Ecological.
✗ United Nations Ecological Policy — wrong on both counts, it changes Environment to Ecological and Programme to Policy.
📌 SSC & Railway Exam Facts
• UNEP was established in 1972; headquarters Nairobi (Kenya).
• The Montreal Protocol was signed in 1987 and came into force in 1989.
• 16 September is observed as the International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer (World Ozone Day).
• The ozone hole over Antarctica was reported in 1985; ozone thickness is measured in Dobson Units.
• Ozone (O₃) in the stratosphere is a protective shield, but at ground level it is a harmful pollutant.
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